JP3529530B2 - Inverter protection device for grid connection - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a protection device for a grid interconnection inverter that is connected to an AC grid to control active power and reactive power.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a fuel cell, a storage battery or the like is used as a DC power source, and a DC power output from this DC power source is converted into AC power by a self-excited inverter and supplied to a system for new energy. .

FIG. 5 shows an application example of this type of power inverter. In FIG. 5, a DC power supply 1 is composed of a fuel cell, a solar cell, a storage battery, etc., and its output DC power is a self-excited inverter (hereinafter referred to as “inverter”) 2
Converted to AC power. The output AC power of the inverter 2 is supplied to the AC power system 5 via the output transformer 3A and the interconnection breakers 4A and 4B. The inverter 2 is composed of a self-extinguishing type semiconductor switching element or the like.
A bus bar 5A is provided between the circuit breakers 4A and 4B, and a DC power supply auxiliary load 6 is connected to the bus bar 5A via a third circuit breaker 4C and a transformer 3B. Auxiliary equipment load 6
Is an electric load of an auxiliary machine included in the DC power supply system, such as a drive motor or heater of a gas supply pump in a fuel cell, or a drive motor of a heat radiation fan for cooling the inverter 2.

By closing the circuit breakers 4A and 4B, the inverter 2 is interconnected with the AC power system 5, and by opening the circuit breaker 4C, the auxiliary load 6 for the DC power source is connected to the AC power system 5 as well as the inverter 2 Also separated from.

The voltage of the bus 5A is taken out by the voltage detecting transformer 7, and the output current of the inverter 2 is taken out by the current transformer 8. A system failure detection circuit 9 detects a system failure such as a frequency abnormality, a system overvoltage, or a system undervoltage based on the voltage of the bus bar 5A extracted by the voltage detection transformer 7, and an overcurrent is detected based on the current extracted by the current transformer 8. The current detection circuit 10 detects the overcurrent of the inverter 2.

The inverter 2 is controlled by an inverter control circuit 11 by, for example, a pulse width modulation (PWM) method. When the open / close state signal of the circuit breaker 4B interposed between the busbar 5A and the AC power system 5 is in the circuit breaker on (closed) state, the signal is "1" and turned off (open).
When in the state, it is issued as a "0" signal. This open / close state signal is input to the AND circuit 12A as a first input signal, and is also input to the reset input terminal R of the flip-flop circuit 13A that stores the system fault detection via the inverting circuit 17. The failure detection signal of the system failure detection circuit 9 is input to the AND circuit 12A as the second input signal. The output signal of the AND circuit 12A is input to the set input terminal S of the flip-flop circuit 13A. On the other hand,
The output signal of the overcurrent detection circuit 10 is the set input terminal S of the second flip-flop circuit 13B that stores the overcurrent detection.
Entered in. A reset signal is input to the reset input terminal R of the flip-flop circuit 13B via the reset contact 18.

The Q output signal of the flip-flop circuit 13A is sent to the circuit breaker 4B as an open command, and
It is input to the OR circuit 14A via the off-delay timer 15A. The set time of the timer 15A is set within the range of the allowable stop time of the auxiliary load 6 without exceeding the restart prohibition time from the grid interconnection disconnection state to the next soft start, for example, 0.1 seconds. It is an order. The Q output signal of the flip-flop circuit 13B is sent to the circuit breaker 4A as an open command and is also input to the OR circuit 14A as a second input signal. The output signal of the OR circuit 14A is sent to the inverter control circuit 11 as a stop command.

In normal normal operation, the inverter control circuit 1
A power command value including the values of active power / reactive power is externally applied to 1 and a gate signal controlled to have a power value corresponding to the command value is applied to the inverter 2. The inverter 2 converts the DC power from the DC power supply 1 into AC power based on this gate signal, and outputs it to the output transformer 3A.
Through the AC power system 5.

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 5, the inverter 2 or the output transformer 3A, which may occur when the output transformer 3A fails, etc.
Overcurrent is detected by the overcurrent detection circuit 10 via the current transformer 8, and the flip-flop circuit 13B and the OR circuit 14 are detected.
A stop command is given to the inverter control circuit 11 via A to stop the operation of the inverter 2 and the Q output of the flip-flop circuit 13B opens the interconnection breaker 4A to stop the system and prevent the accident from spreading. When the system failure is detected by the system failure detection circuit 9 under the condition that the overcurrent detection circuit 10 does not detect the overcurrent,
AND circuit 12A according to the output signal of the system failure detection circuit 9
An open command is sent via the flip-flop circuit 13A to open the interconnection breaker 4B, and a stop command is given to the inverter control circuit 11 via the off-delay timer 15A and the OR circuit 14A to temporarily stop the inverter 2. . By resetting the flip-flop circuit 13A by opening the circuit breaker 4B, the inverter stop command disappears after the set time of the timer 15A. As a result, the inverter 2 is restarted via the inverter control circuit 11, shifts to a constant voltage / constant frequency output operation (CVCF operation), and continues operation as a DC power supply system.
The power supply to the auxiliary load 6 is continued via the circuit breakers 4A and 4C.

When a system fault and an overcurrent are detected at the same time, the circuit breakers 4A and 4B are immediately opened, and the operation of the inverter 2 is stopped via the control circuit 11 to stop the system.

[0011]

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 5, the system of the system fault detection circuit 9 for detecting the system fault and the system of the overcurrent detection circuit 10 for detecting the overcurrent of the inverter 2 are configured separately and independently. , Both are merely connected by the OR circuit 14A. However, when the system failure occurs when the AC power obtained via the inverter 2 is being supplied to the AC power system 5, or due to the system failure, the interconnection breaker 4B
When the circuit is open, the overcurrent detection circuit 10 for detecting the inverter failure may also operate. In that case,
As described above, when the system including the inverter 2 is stopped, the system may be restarted / restarted for a long time due to the plant adjustment even if the inverter 2 is normal. Further, even if the overcurrent detection circuit 10 at the time of system fault does not work, than the rated voltage V _r, as is shown in the inverter output characteristic of Figure 6 when the transition to the operation mode for supplying power to the auxiliary load 6 the start of a long high no-load voltage V _o. Therefore, the inverter capacity-constraints that must have a withstand voltage characteristic for the no-load voltage V _o
It was upsized. In FIG. 6, the vertical axis represents the DC power supply voltage V _d , and the horizontal axis represents the inverter output current I. In other words, as the withstand voltage value of the inverter 2, not the rated voltage V _r but the no-load voltage V _{o is used} as the withstand voltage value of the inverter 2.
Inevitably, as the rated capacity of the inverter, the product V of the rated voltage V _r and the inverter rated current I _r must be selected.
No load voltage V, not _r · I _r
The product of _o and rated current I _r must be V _o · I _r ,
That's what it means.

Therefore, the present invention makes it possible to increase the capacity of the inverter while considering the system failure and the inverter overcurrent failure.
An object of the present invention is to provide a protection device for a grid interconnection inverter that can avoid an increase in size.

[0013]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention of claim 1 converts direct-current power supplied from a direct-current power source composed of a battery into alternating-current power by a self-exciting inverter, and outputs the alternating-current power. System interconnection that supplies power to the AC power system via the transformer and the first and second series-connected circuit breakers that are connected in series, and that also supplies power to the auxiliary load for the DC power supply via the first interconnection circuit breaker In a protection device for a power inverter, voltage detection means for detecting a voltage of an AC power system, current detection means for detecting an output current of a self-excited inverter,
System failure detection means for detecting a failure of the AC power system based on the output signal of the voltage detection means, overcurrent detection means for detecting an overcurrent of the self-excited inverter based on the output signal of the current detection means, and overcurrent detection When the means detects an overcurrent, the first command means for stopping the operation of the inverter and opening the first interconnection breaker and the second interconnection based on the system fault detection output of the system fault detection means The circuit breaker is opened and the inverter operation is temporarily stopped. When the specified time has elapsed after the second interconnected circuit breaker was opened, the inverter is restarted and the second interconnected circuit breaker is opened to the auxiliary load. And a second commanding means for restarting the power feeding.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the protection device according to the first aspect, the first commanding means includes the first storing means for storing the overcurrent detection by the overcurrent detecting means and the first storing means. According to the stored overcurrent detection, the operation of the inverter is stopped and the first circuit breaker is opened.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the protective device according to the first aspect, the second command means stores the system fault detection of the system fault detection means and releases the memory by opening the second interconnection breaker. It is characterized by comprising a second storage means and an off-delay timer connected to the output end of the system fault detection stored in the second storage means.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the protection device according to the first aspect, when the overcurrent continues to be detected even after the inverter is stopped based on the detection output of the overcurrent detection means,
The third commanding means for opening the interconnecting circuit breaker is provided.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the protection device according to the fourth aspect, the third command means delays the detection output of the overcurrent detection means and the overcurrent detection of the overcurrent detection means. It is characterized by comprising an AND circuit for outputting AND logic of the storage output of the storing means and the output of the on-delay timer.

According to a sixth aspect of the invention, in the protective device according to the first or fourth aspect, there is provided voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the DC power source, and overvoltage detecting means for detecting an overvoltage corresponding to the output current of the inverter. And a means for stopping the operation of the inverter based on the detection output of the overvoltage detecting means.

According to a seventh aspect of the invention, in the protection device according to the sixth aspect, the means for stopping the operation of the inverter receives the overcurrent detection output of the overcurrent detection means and the overvoltage detection output of the DC overvoltage detection means. It is characterized by comprising a plurality of flip-flop circuits.

[0020]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention described in claims 1 to 3. In FIG.
Circuit elements having the same functions as those of the device of FIG. 5 are shown with the same reference numerals, and their individual explanations are omitted. In the apparatus of FIG. 1, the input / output circuit of the flip-flop circuit 13A, that is, the processing system for system fault detection is exactly the same as that of the apparatus of FIG. The difference between the two lies in the system for detecting and processing the overcurrent of the inverter 2. That is, the open command to the circuit breaker 4A and the stop command to the inverter control circuit 11 at the time of overcurrent detection, but here the Q output of the flip-flop circuit 13B is not directly used, but
By interposing the AND circuit 12B and the on-delay timer 15B, firstly, the inverter control circuit 11
The stop command for the circuit breaker is linked to the situation of system failure detection, and secondly, the open command for the circuit breaker 4A is additionally delayed by the set time of the timer 15B. In addition, the OR circuit 14B is additionally inserted in series with the reset input terminal R of the flip-flop circuit 13B, and the reset of the circuit 13B is not only caused by the reset signal input through the reset contact 18, but also by the output of the timer 15A. The signal is also reset by the second reset signal input via the on-delay timer 15C and the one-shot circuit 16. The other circuit parts are the same as in the device of FIG.

In the apparatus of FIG. 1, in the first case, when a frequency abnormality of the AC power system 5 or a system failure such as undervoltage or overvoltage occurs, it is detected via the voltage detection transformer 7 by a system failure detection circuit 9 Detected by. When a system failure is detected, the AND circuit 12A causes the interconnection breaker 4B.
By taking an AND logic with the circuit closing condition, the interconnector breaker 4B is first opened via the flip-flop circuit 13A and the inverter 2 is temporarily stopped. The opening of the circuit breaker 4B cuts off the power exchange from the DC power supply 1 to the AC power system 5, and in response to this, the flip-flop circuit 13A is reset. Due to this reset, the stop command disappears after the set time of the off-delay timer 15A has elapsed, whereby the control circuit 11 is restarted, the CVCF operation is started, and the auxiliary load 6 is supplied with constant-voltage / constant-frequency AC power. To do. The above operation mode is the same as the case of the device of FIG. 5 already described.

As a second case, when an overcurrent is independently detected by the overcurrent detection circuit 10 under the operating condition of interconnection with the AC power system 5, a stop command is issued via the AND circuit 12B and the OR circuit 14A. When the on-delay timer 15B elapses, the circuit breaker 4A is opened and the system is stopped.

Next, as a third case, the AC power system 5
When the system failure detection circuit 9 detects the system failure and the overcurrent detection circuit 10 detects the overcurrent at the same time under the condition of the interconnection operation with, the system of the system failure detection operates preferentially,
First, the system breaker 4B is opened, the inverter 2 is stopped, and the output of the timer 15A causes the timer 15C to operate.
Also, the flip-flop circuit 13B is reset via the one-shot circuit 16 and the output of the system fault detection circuit 9 puts the AND circuit 12B in a blocked state so that the Q output signal of the circuit 13B does not pass through. That is, in this case, only the system failure detection system is enabled, and the overcurrent detection system is disabled so as not to operate. Therefore, in this case, the result is the same as the first case, and the circuit breaker 4
Since the flip-flop circuit 13A is reset in response to the opening of the B circuit, the stop command disappears after the set time of the off-delay timer 15A, which causes the control circuit 1
1 is restarted, the inverter 2 is restarted unless there is an inverter failure, the operation shifts to CVCF operation, and constant-voltage / constant-frequency AC power is supplied to the auxiliary load 6.

As described above, according to the apparatus of FIG. 1, in the third case, the system which has been conventionally stopped is
After the momentary stop, constant-voltage / constant-frequency AC power can be supplied to the auxiliary load 6.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment corresponding to claims 4 and 5. In the device shown in FIG. 2, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
Input type, on-delay timer 15D, AND
The circuit 12C and the OR circuit 14C are additionally provided. Insert an OR circuit 14C at the output end of the timer 15B,
The output is used as the third input terminal (center in the figure) of the OR circuit 14A.
To the circuit breaker and an instruction to open the circuit breaker 4A. OR circuit 1
The output terminal of the AND circuit 12C is connected to the second input terminal of 4C. The AND circuit 12C includes an overcurrent detection circuit 10
Output signal is input via the on-delay timer 15D, and the Q output signal of the flip-flop circuit 13B is input.

In the system of FIG. 2, the operation in the case of system failure (first case) is completely the same as that of the system of FIG. The operation in the case of inverter overcurrent (second case) is basically the same as that of the device of FIG.

In the case where the inverter overcurrent is detected and the inverter is stopped, which corresponds to the third case, the overcurrent is still detected, that is, the overcurrent is still detected even after the operation of the on-delay timer 15D. When it is detected, it is detected by the AND circuit 12C, is regarded as a failure of the inverter 2 or the output transformer 3A, and the interconnection breaker 4A is opened via the OR circuit 14C and the OR circuit 14C is opened.
A stop command is sent to the inverter control circuit 11 via A to stop the operation of the inverter 2 and the DC power supply system is completely stopped here. In this way, a safer protection operation can be performed.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment corresponding to claims 6 and 7. The device of FIG. 3 deals with high voltage starting of the inverter 2 with no load voltage, and the Q output signals of the flip-flop circuits 13C, 13D and 13E are respectively connected to the respective input terminals of the 3-input OR circuit 14A. Enter. The output signal of the current transformer 8 is the overcurrent detection circuit 2
Enter 0. The voltage of the DC power supply 1 is detected by the insulation type voltage detector 19 and input to the DC overvoltage detection circuit 21. As shown in FIG. 4, the DC overvoltage detection circuit 21 has a DC overvoltage level 1 between the rated voltage V _r and the no-load voltage V _o.
(OV ₁₎ is set and also sets the no-load voltage V _o slightly higher than the DC overvoltage level ₂ (OV 2). The overcurrent detection circuit 20 inverter rated current I _r is smaller than the inverter current level ₁ (OC 1), the inverter current level 2 to the inverter rated current I _r is greater than the over-current region
Set (OC ₂ ). The overcurrent detection circuit 20 is the current transformer 8
When the current detected in step ₁ exceeds the _first level OC ₁ , a “1” signal is output to the first output end and is input to the first input end of the AND circuit 12C via the off-delay timer 15D. To do. The second input terminal of the AND circuit 12C has a DC overvoltage detection circuit 21 which produces a "1" signal at the first output terminal when the voltage detected by the voltage detector 19 exceeds the _first level OV ₁ . The first output end is connected. AN
The output terminal of the D circuit 12C is connected to the set input terminal of the flip-flop circuit 13D. At the set input terminal of the flip-flop circuit 13C, the second output end of the overcurrent detection circuit 20 that outputs a "1" signal when the current detected by the current transformer 8 exceeds the _second level OC ₂ It is connected. At the set input terminal of the flip-flop circuit 13E, the voltage detected by the voltage detector 19 is at the second level O.
It is connected to the second output terminal of the DC overvoltage detection circuit 21 which outputs a "1" signal when V ₂ is exceeded. A reset signal is input to each reset input terminal R of the flip-flop circuits 13C to 13E via the reset contact 18.

[0029] In the apparatus of FIG. 3, in order to avoid the start of a no-load voltage V _o which occurs when migrating interconnection breaker 4B to CVCF operation after open, the DC power supply voltage V _d as shown in FIG. 4 Regarding the output current I of the inverter 2, the current detection level is set to two stages, and the surge voltage V _s increasing according to the value of the inverter output current I is set to the DC power supply voltage V _d. The protection range shall not exceed the inverter rated voltage V _r even if it is superposed on.
By doing so, it becomes possible to lower the inverter rating than before. FIG. 3 shows such an embodiment.

In FIG. 3, the rated current I of the inverter 2 is
_{When the} current level OC ₂ that is greater than _r and the overvoltage level OV ₂ that is greater than the DC power source no-load voltage V _o are exceeded, the inverter is stopped and within a predetermined current level OC _{1 that is} smaller than the inverter rated current I _r. Then, the inverter is stopped when the overvoltage level OV ₁ is exceeded.
Here, when a system failure is detected when the inverter overcurrent is not detected, the circuit breaker 4B is opened and the circuit supplying power to the auxiliary load 6 of the DC power supply and the circuit breaker 4B are connected. The system failure detection at the time of opening may be performed by using a known circuit for stopping the DC power supply system, or by using the device of FIG. 1 or 2 configured according to the present invention.

According to the apparatus of FIG. 3, the protection level is set according to the voltage curve in which the surge voltage that increases according to the output current of the inverter 2 is superimposed on the voltage characteristic of the DC power supply, so that a sharp phase shift due to control abnormality occurs. , And even when the reactive power increases, the inverter 2 is protected and the inverter 2
Whereas the rated voltage was required to be equal to or higher than the value obtained by adding the surge voltage to the DC voltage level, this can be lowered and the miniaturization of the device can be achieved.

[0032]

According to the present invention, the system failure and the inverter failure are discriminated, and if the inverter is normal and can be operated, the CVCF operation for supplying power to the auxiliary load for the DC power supply is performed and the DC power supply system is stopped. Continue the operation without letting it go.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a protection device according to claims 1 to 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a protection device according to claims 4 to 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a protection device according to claims 6 to 7 of the present invention.

4 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between a DC power supply voltage and a protection level in the device of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a conventional protection device.

FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing output characteristics and protection characteristics of a conventional grid interconnection inverter.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 DC power supply 2 Self-excited inverter 3A, 3B output transformer 4 Interconnection circuit breaker 5 AC power system 5A bus 6 Auxiliary equipment load 7 Voltage detection transformer 8 Current transformer 9 system failure detection circuit 10 Overcurrent detection circuit 11 Inverter control circuit 12A to 12C AND circuit 13A to 13E flip-flop circuit 14A-14C OR circuit 15A off-delay timer 15B-15D On-delay timer 16 One shot circuit 17 Inversion circuit 18 reset contact 19 Voltage detector 20 Overcurrent detection circuit 21 DC overvoltage detection circuit

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H02M 7/48 H02H 7/122 H02J 3/38

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. A direct-current power supplied from a direct-current power source composed of a battery is converted into alternating-current power by a self-exciting inverter, and the alternating-current power is connected to an output transformer and a first and a second series connection.
In the protection device for the grid interconnection inverter, which supplies power to the AC power system via the grid interconnecting circuit breaker, and supplies power to the auxiliary load for the DC power supply via the first grid interconnecting breaker, Voltage detection means for detecting a voltage of a power system, current detection means for detecting a week current of the self-excited inverter, and system failure detection means for detecting a failure of the AC power system based on an output signal of the voltage detection means. when the over-current detection means for the detecting the overcurrent of the self-excited inverter based on the output signal of said current detecting means, when the front Symbol overcurrent detection means detects overcurrent, the stops the operation of the inverter First command means for opening the first interconnection breaker, and opening the second interconnection breaker on the basis of the system failure detection output of the system failure detection means and the invertor. Stop operation once, restart the inverter when elapsed opened after a predetermined time of the second interconnection circuit breaker the second
And a second command means for restarting the power supply to the auxiliary load while keeping the interconnection breaker open. 2. A protective device according to claim 1, wherein said first command means, said first storage means for storing the overcurrent detection by the overcurrent detection means, before SL stored in the first storage means And a logic circuit that opens the first interconnection breaker while stopping the operation of the inverter according to the detected overcurrent. 3. The protection device according to claim 1, wherein the second command means stores the system failure detection of the system failure detection means and releases the memory by opening the second interconnection breaker. And a off-delay timer connected to the output end of the system failure detection stored in the second storage means. 4. The protection device according to claim 1, wherein when the overcurrent continues to be detected even after the inverter is stopped based on the detection output of the overcurrent detection means, the first interconnection breaker is opened. A protection device for a grid interconnection inverter, comprising a third command means. 5. The protection device according to claim 4, wherein the third command means stores an on-delay timer for delaying a detection output of the overcurrent detection means and an overcurrent detection of the overcurrent detection means. An inverter protection device for system interconnection, comprising an AND circuit for outputting AND logic of the storage output of the means and the output of the on-delay timer. 6. The protection device according to claim 1, wherein voltage detection means for detecting a voltage of the DC power supply, overvoltage detection means for detecting an overvoltage according to an output current of the inverter, and the overvoltage detection. And a means for stopping the operation of the inverter on the basis of the detection output of the means. 7. The protection device according to claim 6, wherein the means for stopping the operation of the inverter has a plurality of inputs having the overcurrent detection output of the overcurrent detection means and the overvoltage detection output of the DC overvoltage detection means as inputs. A protection device for a grid interconnection inverter, characterized by comprising a flip-flop circuit.