JP3507272B2 - Toner for developing electrostatic images - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0001] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to electrophotography,
Static charge suitable for thermal fixing used in recording and magnetic recording
The present invention relates to an image developing toner. [0002] 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an electrophotographic method, US Pat.
2,297,691, Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-23910
And Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-24748.
Many methods are known as
Using a conductive material, the electrical
Forming a latent image, and then developing the latent image with toner,
After transferring the toner image to a transfer material such as paper as necessary,
Fix by heating, pressure, heating and pressurizing or solvent vapor
To obtain a copy, and the toner remaining on the photoreceptor without being transferred
Cleaning process by various methods
is there. In recent years, such a copying apparatus has been generally
Office copy machine for copying original manuscripts
Not only as a computer output
Used in the field of personal copy for personal computers or individuals
Has begun. [0004] Therefore, it is smaller, lighter, and better.
High speed and higher reliability have been strictly pursued.
The machine will be composed of simpler elements in various respects
It has become to. As a result, the performance required for toner is
If it becomes more sophisticated and toner performance cannot be improved
Better machines are no longer available. For example, a toner image is fixed on a sheet such as paper.
Various methods and apparatuses have been developed for the step of performing the above.
Specifically, a compression heating method using a heat roller,
Heating fixation by applying pressure to the heating element via a heating system
There are methods. [0006] A heating method via a heating roller or a film
Formed the surface with a material that has release properties to the toner
Heat roller or toner on the surface of film
-Fixing by passing the image surface while making contact
Is what you do. This method is used for hot rollers and films.
The toner image on the sheet to be fixed comes into contact with the surface,
-Extremely high thermal efficiency when fusing the image onto the sheet to be fixed
Good, can fix quickly, electrophotographic copying
Very effective on machines. However, with the above method
Melts the toner image with the heat roller or film surface
Part of the toner image on the fixing roller or film surface
Adhered, transferred, and re-transferred to the next sheet to be fixed.
The so-called offset phenomenon occurs, and the sheet to be fixed is stained.
There is. Heat fixing roller and toner on film surface
Is an essential condition for the heat fixing method
It is one of the. Conventionally, toner adheres to the surface of a fixing roller.
For example, to remove the roller surface from the toner
Materials with excellent moldability, such as silicone rubber and fluorine resin
Formed on the surface, and furthermore, an anti-offset and roller
-To prevent surface fatigue, such as silicone oil
Coating the roller surface with a thin film of liquid with good release properties
Has been done. However, this method does not
It is extremely effective in preventing
Since a device for supplying liquid for preventing
There is a problem that the dressing device becomes complicated. This is the opposite of miniaturization and weight reduction.
Moisture such as silicone oil may evaporate due to heat, causing
May be dyed. So the silicone oil supply device
Do not use, etc., instead turn off when heating from inside the toner
Because of the idea of supplying the set prevention liquid, the toner
Low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, etc.
Has been proposed. Sufficient effect
If a large amount of such additives are added to obtain
Toner for body filming, carrier and sleeve
The surface of the carrier is contaminated, and the image deteriorates, causing a problem in practical use.
You. Therefore, apply a small amount of release agent so as not to deteriorate the image.
To the molder and supply some release oil, or
Roll-up offset toner, such as a web
Use a cleaning device with a device that uses
And has been done. However, recent miniaturization, weight reduction, and high reliability
Not need these auxiliary equipments in consideration of requirements
Is preferred. Therefore, toner fixing property and offset resistance
Without any further performance improvement, we could not respond,
Means that there is no need to further improve the binder resin of the toner, the release agent, etc.
It would be difficult to achieve. [0010] As a means for improving the toner, wax is contained.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-3304 discloses
JP-A-52-3305, JP-A-57-52574, etc.
Is disclosed. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. Hei 3-50559 and 2
-79860, 1-109359, JP
Sho 62-14166, Sho 61-273554
Bulletin, JP-A-61-94062, JP-A-61-138259
JP, JP-A-60-252361, JP-A-60-252
No. 360, No. 60-217366, etc.
There is disclosed a technique for incorporating toner into toner. Waxes are used when the temperature of the toner is low or high.
To improve offset resistance and fixability at low temperatures
It is used for However, these performance improvements
On the other hand, the developability deteriorates. Particularly, in the case of a positively chargeable toner,
Negatively charged, the effect is large.
If the density is low, the
Image defects such as the occurrence of defects. In general, the toner is an electrostatic latent image to be developed.
Must have positive or negative charge, depending on the charge polarity of the image
Yes, dyes, pigments or
It is generally known to add a charge control agent.
Among them, as positive charge control agents, nigrosine and fat
Modified products such as acid metal salts, quaternary ammonium salts and these
Lake pigments, triphenylmethane dyes and their
Pigment, tertiary amino group or quaternary ammonium salt
Polymers having a chain are known. But
However, with these conventional positive charge control agents, the friction of the toner itself
The chargeability is affected by the wax contained as a fixing aid.
Easy development and stable development with little environmental dependency
It is difficult to give. Specifically, for example, low temperature
In a low humidity environment, the charge amount of the toner becomes significantly excessive.
The toner coat on the toner carrier constituting the developing unit
Non-uniform, so-called blotch occurs,
Under high temperature and high humidity environment, the toner charge is insufficient and
If the concentration of the charge control agent drops on the surface of the toner
Selective adhesion causes contamination, and further reduces image density and
There has been a problem that image defects such as fog are likely to occur. Further, the combination of a wax and a charge control agent
The developability of the toner varies greatly. [0016] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention
The purpose is to solve the problem. That is, the present invention
The target is excellent release property, wide fixing temperature range, anti-blocking
It has excellent developability, high temperature and high humidity,
Stable image density can be obtained in various environments such as low temperature and low humidity.
, No fog, and a toner carrier in the developing device
For developing electrostatic images with stable toner coat uniformity
To provide a ner. Further, the present invention imparts rub resistance to images.
It is to provide a toner that can be used. [0018] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides at least
Static containing resin, wax, magnetic substance and charge control agent
In the toner for developing a charge image, the wax is
In the carbon number distribution obtained by the chromatograph,
The abundance continuously changes for each number, and the abundance continuously
The width of the carbon number of the changing region is 8 or more,
The controlling agent is an imidazole derivative represented by the following general formula (I)
conductor [0019] Embedded image (In the above formula, R₁~ R_FourIs hydrogen atom, alkyl group, aryl
And aralkyl groups, even if they are the same
May be different), and the magnetic material is a hexahedral grain.
Or polyhedral particles of ten or more faces, or a mixture thereof
This is a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image. [0020] DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Generally, a gas chromatograph is used.
From the chromatogram obtained,
Cloth, and its abundance can be measured, molecular weight distribution
By observing the wax directly and knowing the wax structure and component distribution.
Can be. The gas chromatogram of waxes is shown in FIG.
There is no regular strength like peak, and there are continuous peaks
And an odd carbon chain molecule or even carbon chain as shown in Figure 2.
Intensity difference appears in the peak of every molecule or every few, and carbon number
There are strong peaks every other one to several,
In the present invention, the water having the chromatogram as the former is used.
It is characterized by using a box. For example, the wax of FIG.
Compounds having a bond having 2 or more carbon atoms as a monomer
The wax in FIG. 1 is a natural wax.
Synthetic wax with a monomer of 1 carbon or 1 carbon
And the like. The gas chromatogram obtained in this way is
Based on the detection time of the standard sample and the detection time of the analyte peak
Find the carbon number of the molecule of each peak with
The carbon number distribution can be obtained by determining the amount. For example, horizontal axis
When the number of carbon atoms is taken as the abundance (mass%) on the vertical axis,
The number distribution is as shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. The present invention provides a gas chromatograph obtained by gas chromatography.
In the carbon number distribution shown in FIG.
Region where the amount changes continuously and the content changes continuously
Is characterized by having a carbon number width of 8 or more,
When applied to a chargeable toner, it gives excellent developability.
In both cases, excellent sliding properties can be provided. On the other hand, for example, as shown in FIG.
Molecules exist and the amount of these molecules is not
The abundance of molecules that are continuous or even carbon as shown in Figure 5.
Abundance of molecules of odd-numbered carbon decreases and the presence of molecules
The amount repeatedly increases and decreases according to the number of carbon atoms.
Those that are intermittent every two prime numbers are not
The effect on resilience is not exhibited. Now the odd and even numbers are
The opposite is also true. When the continuous region has 8 or more carbon atoms, the continuous region
It is assumed that it is a continuation. As this continuous area becomes wider, the fixability and
It becomes easy to balance the offset properties. Preferably charcoal
Prime number 10 or more, more preferably 20 or more, especially 2
5 or more. Here, the maximum peak carbon number is j.
Is selected from the region of j-k to j + k carbon
An arbitrary number of carbon atoms is represented by n. k is an integer of 3 or more and k
From the numerical value of, the number of carbon atoms in the continuous region
You. The abundance of carbon number n-1 is M_n-1, Abundance of carbon number n
To M_n, The abundance of carbon number n + 1 is M_{n + 1}And M
M_n-1Abundance ratio M of_n-1/ M and M and M_{n + 1}Abundance ratio of
M / M_{n + 1}Are both 1 or less, or both are 1 or more
Or both 0.6 to 1.4 (preferably 0.7 to 1.
3, more preferably 0.75 to 1.25)
Defined as changing continuously. The wax having a continuous carbon number has a molecular weight
Hard and slippery due to its distribution structure. So this is
Uneven wax-based toner is hard and slippery
Is developed, and triboelectric charging can be performed efficiently.
Charge stability is obtained. This is especially true for positively charged toners.
Great when it is. Bonding tree commonly used for toner
Fats and waxes are negatively charged, so this frictional charging is
Become more important. However, efficient triboelectric charging is
If the charge control agent becomes overcharged,
There is also. In addition, it is necessary to improve the releasability from the fixing member.
In the carbon distribution, the carbon number is preferably 20 or more,
More preferably 25 or more, desirably 30 or more
It is preferable that the main component is ox. Offset resistance
In view of the above, the largest peak preferably has 30 carbon atoms.
Or more, more preferably 40 or more, desirably 50 to 1
A wax at 50 is preferred. These carbon number distributions
Is optional depending on what features are most required for the toner
Can be selected. Wack preferably used in the present invention
Are paraffin wax and its derivatives,
Listerin wax and its derivatives, C1 compound (carbon
Synthetic wax having a monomer of several
And particularly preferably a paraffin wax.
Cousin, a C1 synthetic wax. The C1 synthetic wax used in the present invention.
Use a metal oxide catalyst (often a multi-component system of two or more)
It is also synthesized by the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen used
There is Specifically, the Zintol method, the Hydrochol method
(Using a fluidized catalyst bed) or waxy hydrocarbons
Obtained by the Age method (using a fixed catalyst bed)
It is a hydrocarbon with up to several hundred carbons. Also these
For use with hydrogenated or antioxidant
You can. Particularly preferably used wax is
Carbon monoxide and hydrogen like Sharpropsch wax
Of hydrocarbons obtained from the synthesis gas
Synthetic wax obtained from distillation residue.
Extract or extract specific components by distillation, fractional crystallization, etc.
Another one is good. In addition, the above-mentioned wax is pressed and sweated on the mother body.
Method, solvent method, vacuum distillation, supercritical gas extraction method, fractional reconstitution
Molecular weight of wax using crystallization, liquid crystal deposition, crystal filtration, etc.
Is preferably used. Also acid
What has been modified and graft-modified can also be used. From the viewpoint of improving blocking resistance,
Weight average molecular weight by molecular weight distribution measured by GPC
(Mw) / number average molecular weight (Mn) is 3.0 or less, and
Is preferably 2.5 or less, particularly 2.0 or less.
No. In addition, Mn is 300 to 1500, and furthermore 350 to 1
Preferably it is 200. Mw / Mn increases
And the plasticizing effect increases, and the blocking resistance deteriorates.
There is. For example, the molecular weight distribution by GPC is as follows:
Is measured. (GPC measurement conditions) Apparatus: GPC-150C (manufactured by Waters) Column: GMH-HT 30 cm 2 stations (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) Temperature: 135 ° C Solvent: o-dichlorobenzene (added with 0.1% ionol
Addition) Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min Sample: 0.4 ml of 0.15% sample is injected The measurement was performed under the above conditions, and the molecular weight of the sample was calculated.
In this case, make a monodisperse polystyrene standard sample.
The molecular weight calibration curve used is used. Furthermore, Mark-Ho
Polyethylene by conversion formula derived from uwink viscosity formula
Calculated by converting to Further, the carbon number distribution of the wax is determined by gas chromatography.
For example, it is measured under the following conditions by a chromatography (GC). Apparatus: HP 5890 Series II (horizontal)
(Made by Kawa Electric) Column: SGE HT-5 6mx 0.53mm ID x
0.15μm Carrier gas: He 20ml / min Constant Flow Mode Oven temperature: 40 ℃ → 450 ℃ Inlet temperature: 40 ℃ → 450 ℃ Detector temperature: 450 ° C Detector: FID Inlet: with pressure control Pressure control of the inlet under the above conditions
Measurement while keeping the optimal flow rate constant, and n-paraffin
Was used as a standard sample. Charge control agent contained in the toner of the present invention
Is an imidazole derivative represented by the following general formula (I)
There is a feature. [0041] Embedded image (In the above formula, R₁~ R_FourIs hydrogen atom, alkyl group, aryl
And aralkyl groups, even if they are the same
May be different) In the present invention, the above specific wax is
The imidazole derivative represented by the general formula (1) is used in combination.
Then, the low-temperature fixability and the offset resistance of the toner of the present invention are improved.
Without damage, resistant to high temperature and high humidity, low temperature and low humidity, charging level
And a toner having a high toner level can be obtained. Moreover, the charging level
Is controlled to an appropriate value and blotting without overcharging
Etc. do not occur. Also, there is no sleeve contamination,
High density and less fogged images can be obtained, suppressing selective development
Thus, a toner having excellent developability can be obtained. The above imidazole derivative is obtained as follows.
Combine. Using ethanol as a solvent, the following general formula (I)
Formaldehyde to the imidazole compound represented by I)
And potassium hydroxide as a catalyst and reflux for several hours.
You. [0045] Embedded image After the precipitate was filtered and washed with water,
Recrystallize again with methanol. This synthesis method is based on
There is no limitation on the light imidazole derivatives. Less than
Of imidazole derivative considering ease of handling below
A specific example will be described. [0047] Embedded imageIn the present invention, another charge control agent is used.
You may use them together. Generally, the above imidazole derivatives are
The weight average particle size (D4) is preferably 0.01 to 15 μm
m, preferably 1 to 8 μm. The derivative is added to 100 parts by weight of the toner.
0.01 to 20.0 parts by weight, more preferably
0.1 to 10.0 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight
It is good to add a part. When adding internally,
And there is a way to externally add. The above addition amount is 0.01 parts by weight.
Less, the toner can have a sufficient charge amount
And the effect of adding the imidazole derivative does not appear. one
On the other hand, if the amount is more than 20 parts by weight, excessive addition will occur,
In the form of agglomeration, or the amount per toner
Is liable to be non-uniform, which is not preferable. The present inventors have found that the toner of the present invention
The imidazole derivative has a low wax content of the specific wax.
Without impairing the improvement in temperature fixing property and offset resistance,
Take advantage of the positive charging stability imparted by wax
It was found that excellent developability and durability stability were obtained. Immediately
That is, the imidazole derivative is formed by the wax.
Positive charge controllability can be exhibited. Further, the imidazole derivative can be used in a toner.
A component that functions as a low-temperature fixing agent (such as a low molecular weight binder resin).
), Even if it is difficult to put a load on production,
It has been found that a good dispersion state can be obtained. Further, the imidazole derivative may be
Demonstrates excellent developability in the toner. The imidazole induction
The body is a toner friction member such as a toner carrier and a carrier in the developing unit.
Maintains high image density because it does not contaminate the surface of charging members
it can. In addition, the imidazole derivative has high temperature, high humidity and low humidity.
Because it is resistant to temperature and humidity, it can be used in various environments.
Insufficient image density at the beginning of operation
Good image from the first sheet without rising or fogging
That can easily occur under low humidity.
It has been found that the occurrence of rotting can be suppressed. Next, a magnetic substance used in the toner of the present invention
Is a polyhedron whose particle shape is hexahedron or decahedron or more
Yes, these mixtures may be used. In the present invention,
As a polyhedron of more than a body, a polyhedron of more than a tetrahedron is preferred.
New A toner containing such a polyhedral magnetic material is used.
Thereby, a high image density can be obtained. As the magnetic material used in the present invention, mag
Uses iron oxides such as netite, maghemite, and ferrite
Lithium, beryllium, boron, magnesium
Aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, calcium, ska
Indium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese,
Baltic, nickel, copper, zinc, germanium, arsenic,
Len, strontium, barium, zirconium, moly
Budene, tungsten, palladium, silver, cadmium,
Mercury, gallium, indium, tin, lead, antimony,
Magnetic metal oxides containing elements such as smuth and those containing these elements
Magnetic iron oxide is used. Preferably magnetite
Used simultaneously with the above-mentioned elements other than iron.
Is used. Among the magnetic materials used in the present invention, a magnet
Taking the site as an example, a hexahedral or more polyhedral mug
Netite is used for pH adjustment during the neutralization reaction during magnetite production.
Can be obtained by adjustment. During the reaction, at high pH
Gives octahedral particles, and spherical particles in low pH range
can get. In the middle pH range, in the high pH range
Is mainly hexahedral particles, and in the low pH range, more than 10 faces
Body particles are mainly obtained, and these transition regions
It becomes a compound. Also, between each pH, octahedral particles and spherical particles
Although they are mixed, the content of these particles is 30% by number or less.
If it is below, there is no problem, preferably 20% by number or less.
Therefore, it is desirably 10% by number or less. Magnetite has different shapes due to differences in particle shape.
The following differences in properties are exhibited when added to the toner. Immediately
When octahedral particles are used, fog suppression is good, but
Low image density, hexahedral particles, polyhedral particles of ten or more faces, spheres
The image density is high in the case of using particles, but fog suppression is poor.
It tends to be. In addition, toner using spherical particles
The toner is excessive and blotches are likely to occur.
The spherical particles fall off and contaminate the sleeve surface,
Degree may be reduced. On the other hand, hexahedral or more polyhedral grains
Toner particles are stably exposed on the toner surface.
Therefore, charge stabilization is brought about. In the present invention
Is fogged by using the imidazole derivative.
Since the suppression can be improved, the image density is increased.
Hexahedral particles, or polyhedral particles of ten or more
Is used. In the present invention, a specific
The toner is hard and slippery by using
The toner particles.
The octahedral grains can be prevented from falling off the magnetic material due to the stress.
Hexahedral particles, polyhedron with more than 10 faces
Particles can be improved in their shedding and maintain good developability.
Good development with the wax
Together with the properties, very excellent developability is obtained. The magnetic substance used in the present invention is nitrogen
1-40m as BET specific surface area by gas adsorption method^Two /
g is preferable, and 3 to 20 m is more preferable.^Two / G is preferred,
Preferably 5 to 15 m^Two / G. Saturation of the magnetic material
As for the conversion, a magnetic field of 795.8 kA / m is 40 to 150
Am^Two / Kg is preferred, and more preferably 50 to 12
0 Am^Two / Kg, desirably 60-100 Am^Two / Kg
It is. Further, the residual magnetization is 795.8 kA / m.
2-50 Am in magnetic field^Two / Kg is preferred, and more preferred
3 to 20 Am^Two / Kg, desirably 4 to 10 Am^Two
/ Kg. Further, the coercive force of the magnetic material is 79
40-200 kA / m is preferable at a magnetic field of 5.8 kA / m.
And more preferably 60 to 150 kA / m, and more preferably
Is 80 to 120 kA / m. Average particle size of magnetic material
Therefore, the thickness is preferably 0.05 to 0.5 μm.
0.1 to 0.3 μm is preferred. The amount of the magnetic substance contained in the toner is defined as
20 to 200 weight parts per 100 weight parts of binder resin
Parts by weight, more preferably 30 to 150 parts by weight,
Preferably, it is 40 to 120 parts by weight. In the present invention, the shape and particle size of the magnetic material
Is observation by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope
Obtained by The magnetic properties of the magnetic material are the vibration sample type.
By magnetometer VSM-3S-15 (manufactured by Toei Industry Co., Ltd.)
Can be measured. Further, the specific surface area is determined according to the BET method.
, Specific surface area measuring device Autosorb 1 (Yuasa Ionic
BET measurement using nitrogen gas adsorption
It can be obtained by calculating by the point method, etc.
You. The binder resin used in the present invention includes
The binder resin described above can be used. For example, polystyrene, poly-p-chloro
Styrene such as styrene and polyvinyl toluene and its
Substituted homopolymer; styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymer
Coal, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-
Vinyl naphthalene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid ester
Ter copolymer, styrene-methacrylate copolymer
Styrene, styrene-α-chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer
Body, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-
Vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl
Copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer
Polymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-a
Soprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-in
Styrene-based copolymers such as den-copolymers;
Vinyl chloride, phenol resin, natural modified phenol tree
Fat, natural resin modified maleic acid resin, acrylic resin, meta
Kuril resin, polyvinyl acetate, silicone resin, poly
Ester resin, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin,
Orchid resin, epoxy resin, xylene resin, polyvinyl
Chillal, terpene resin, cumarone indene resin, petroleum
A resin can be used. Preferred binder resins include styrene
Len copolymer or polyester resin
You. As the styrene monomer of the styrene copolymer,
Examples of the comonomer include acrylic acid and acrylic acid.
Methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate,
Dodecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, acrylic acid
-2-ethylhexyl, phenyl acrylate, methacrylic
Luic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, meth
Butyl acrylate, octyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile
Two such as ril, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide
Monocarboxylic acid having a heavy bond or a substituted product thereof; Examples
For example, maleic acid, butyl maleate, methyl maleate
Dica with a double bond such as dimethyl maleate
Rubonic acid and its substitutes; for example, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate
, Vinyl esters such as vinyl benzoate: for example
Ethylene oxides such as ethylene, propylene and butylene
Refins; for example, vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hex
Vinyl ketones such as lucoketone; for example, vinyl methyl
Ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether
Vinyl monomers such as vinyl ethers;
Are used alone or in combination of two or more. The styrene polymer or styrene copolymer
The polymer may be cross-linked or may be a mixed resin.
No. As the crosslinking agent for the binder resin, mainly two
Use of a compound having the above polymerizable double bond
Can be. For example, divinylbenzene, divinylnaphtha
Aromatic divinyl compounds such as phosphorus;
Recall diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethac
Acrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate
Carboxylate having two such double bonds;
Nilaniline, divinyl ether, divinyl sulfy
And divinyl sulfone divinyl compounds; and three or more
A compound having a vinyl group; alone or as a mixture
Used. As a method for synthesizing the binder resin, a bulk
Any of solution method, solution polymerization method, suspension polymerization method and emulsion polymerization method
But it's fine. In the bulk polymerization method, polymerization is carried out at a high temperature to terminate the reaction.
By increasing the reaction speed, it is possible to obtain low molecular weight polymers.
Yes, but it is difficult to control the reaction.
Solution polymerization takes advantage of the difference in radical chain transfer between solvents.
By controlling the amount of initiator and reaction temperature.
Polymer can be easily obtained under mild conditions.
When obtaining a low molecular weight compound in the resin composition used in
Good. The solvent used in the solution polymerization is xylene
, Toluene, cumene, cellosolve acetate, isopropyl
Alcohol, benzene and the like are used. Styrene monomer
-For mixtures, xylene, toluene or cumene is preferred
New Select as appropriate depending on the polymer to be polymerized
Is done. The reaction temperature depends on the solvent used and the starting temperature.
70 ° C to 23 ° C, depending on the agent and polymer to be polymerized.
It is better to carry out at 0 ° C. In solution polymerization, the solvent 100
30 to 400 parts by weight of monomer per part by weight
Is preferred. Further, at the end of the polymerization, another polymer
It is also preferable to mix several kinds of polymers by mixing well.
Wear. Further, polymerization for obtaining a high molecular weight component or a gel component
As the method, an emulsion polymerization method or a suspension polymerization method is preferable. Among them, the emulsion polymerization method is almost insoluble in water.
Dissolve monomer (monomer) into small particles with emulsifier
And polymerized using a water-soluble polymerization initiator.
It is a method. This method makes it easy to control the heat of reaction.
Phase where polymerization takes place (oil phase consisting of polymer and monomer)
And the aqueous phase are separate, so the termination reaction rate is low,
The polymerization rate is high and a high degree of polymerization is obtained. Further
In addition, the polymerization process is relatively simple and
Because the product is fine particles, in the production of toner,
Easy to mix with colorants and charge control agents and other additives
For some reasons, the method of manufacturing the binder resin for toner and
This is advantageous as compared with other methods. However, because of the added emulsifier, the resulting polymer
Is liable to be impure.
Since suspension is required, suspension polymerization is a simple method. In the suspension polymerization, 100 weight parts of an aqueous solvent is used.
To 100 parts by weight of monomer (preferably 1 part by weight)
(0 to 90 parts by weight). Available dispersants and
Is polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol
Partially saponified, calcium phosphate, etc. are used,
There is an appropriate amount such as the amount of monomer with respect to the medium.
Used in an amount of 0.05 to 1 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the solvent.
It is. Also, the polymerization temperature is suitably 50 to 95 ° C.,
Select as appropriate depending on the initiator used and the target polymer
Should. The type of the initiator may be insoluble in water or
Or, it can be used as long as it is hardly soluble. As the initiator to be used, t-butyl par
Oxy-2-ethylhexanoate, cumin perpivale
Tert-butylperoxylaurate, benzoylpa
-Oxide, lauroyl peroxide, octanoy
Luper oxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, t
-Butylcumyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide
, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2 '
-Azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-
Azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,
2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvale
Ronitrile), 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy)
3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis
(T-butylperoxy) cyclohexane, 1,4-bi
(T-butylperoxycarbonyl) cyclohexa
2,2-bis (t-butylperoxy) octane,
n-butyl-4,4-bis (t-butylperoxy) ba
Relate, 2,2-bis (t-butylperoxy) buta
1,3-bis (t-butylperoxy-isopropyl)
B) benzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butyl
(Tilperoxy) hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5
-Di (t-butylperoxy) hexane, 2,5-dimethyl
Tyl-2,5-di (benzoylperoxy) hexane,
Di-t-butylperoxyisophthalate, 2,2-bi
(4,4-di-t-butylperoxycyclohexyl)
G) propane, di-t-butylperoxy-α-methyl
Succinate, di-t-butylperoxydimethylglu
Talate, di-t-butylperoxyhexahydrotere
Phthalate, di-t-butyl peroxyazelate,
2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy)
B) hexane, diethylene glycol-bis (t-butyl)
Ruperoxy carbonate), di-t-butyl peroxy
Citrimethyl adipate, tris (t-butyl peroxy)
C) Triazine, vinyl tris (t-butyl peroxy)
C) silanes, etc., which may be used alone or in combination.
Can be used. The amount used is based on 100 parts by weight of the monomer.
And at least 0.05 parts by weight (preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by weight)
Parts). Set of polyester resin used in the present invention
The results are as follows. As the dihydric alcohol component, ethylene is used.
Glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanedi
All, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanegio
, Diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol
1,1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol
, Neopentyl glycol, 2-ethyl-1,3-
Hexanediol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, and
(A) a bisphenol represented by the formula and a derivative thereof; [0079] Embedded image Wherein R is an ethylene or propylene group, x, y
Is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and the average value of x + y
Is 0 to 10) Diols represented by the following formula (B): [0081] Embedded image (Wherein R ′ is —CH_Two CH_Two -Or [0082] Embedded image X 'and y' are integers of 0 or more, and x '
+ Y 'is from 0 to 10). As the divalent acid component, for example, phthalic acid,
Benzene such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and phthalic anhydride
Sendicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, lower alkyl esters
Ter; succinic, adipic, sebacic, azelaic
Alkyl dicarboxylic acids such as acids or their anhydrides, lower
Alkyl ester; n-dodecenylsuccinic acid, n-dode
Alkenyl succinic acids such as silsuccinic acid
Quilsuccinic acids or their anhydrides, lower alkyl esters
Fumaric acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid
Such as unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, lower alcohols
Dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives such as
I can do it. In addition, trivalent or higher valent compounds which also function as crosslinking components
It is preferable to use a combination of a ruchol component and a trivalent or higher valent acid component.
New The trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohol component includes
For example, sorbitol, 1,2,3,6-hexanetetro
, 1,4-sorbitan, pentaerythritol, di
Pentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol,
1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,5-pentane
Triol, glycerol, 2-methylpropane trio
, 2-methyl-1,2,4-butanetriol, tol
Limethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,
3,5-trihydroxybenzene and the like. Further, a trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid component may be used.
For example, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, 1,
2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-benze
Tricarboxylic acid, 2,5,7-naphthalene tricarbo
Acid, 1,2,4-naphthalene tricarboxylic acid, 1,
2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-hexane
Tricarboxylic acid, 1,3-dicarboxyl-2-methyl
-2-methylenecarboxypropane, tetra (methylene
Carboxyl) methane, 1,2,7,8-octantate
Lacarboxylic acids, empole trimer acids and their anhydrides
Product, lower alkyl ester; [0087] Embedded image (Wherein X is a carbon having at least one side chain having 3 or more carbon atoms)
(Alkylene group or alkenylene group of 5 to 30)
Tetracarboxylic acids and their anhydrides, lower
Polycarboxylic acids such as alkyl esters and derivatives thereof
Is mentioned. Further, the aluminum used in the binder resin of the present invention
40 to 60 mol%, preferably 4
5 to 55 mol%, 60 to 40 mol as the acid component
%, Preferably 55 to 45 mol%
No. The trivalent or higher polyvalent component is contained in all the components.
It is also preferable that the content is 1 to 60 mol%. The binder resin used in the present invention is
Stylish in terms of imageability, fixability, durability and cleaning
-Unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative copolymer, polyester resin
Fats and their block copolymers, grafts,
Are mixtures of styrenic copolymers and polyester resins.
Is preferred. T of the binder resin used in the toner of the present invention
g (glass transition point) is preferably 50 to 70 ° C.
You. Further, a binder tree used in the toner of the present invention
As fat, a molecular weight distribution measured by GPC of 10
^Five It is preferable to have a peak in the above region,
Is 3 × 10^Three ~ 5 × 10^Four Area also has a peak
Are preferred in terms of fixability and durability. In the case of a positively chargeable toner, the
-Acrylic copolymer, styrene-methacryl-acrylic
Copolymer, styrene-methacrylic copolymer, styrene
-Butadiene copolymer, polyester resin, and
These block copolymers, grafted products, and blend resins
preferable. In the case of a negatively chargeable toner, styrene-
Acrylic copolymer, styrene-methacryl-acrylic copolymer
Polymers, styrene-methacrylic copolymers and their structures
A copolymer of a monomer and a maleic acid monoester,
Ester resins and their block copolymers,
Rafts and blended resins are preferred in terms of developability. In the case of the heat fixing toner, the binder resin is used.
When using styrenic copolymers by using
It is a harmful effect due to the plasticizing effect and the fruit
To prevent deterioration of blocking resistance and developability, the following
Such toners are preferred. GPC (Gel Permeation) of Toner
Preferred in the molecular weight distribution by chromatography)
Is 3 × 10^Three ~ 5 × 10^Four Region, more preferably 3
× 10^Three ~ 3 × 10^Four Area, preferably 5 × 10^Three ~
2 × 10^Four At least one peak (P₁ )But
Presence, good fixability, developability, anti-blocking
Can be obtained. The position of the peak is 3 × 10
^Three If it is less than 5, good blocking resistance cannot be obtained and 5 × 1
0^Four When the ratio exceeds, good fixing properties cannot be obtained. Also
1 × 10^Five Above area, preferably 3 × 10^Five~ 5 × 1
0⁶ At least one peak (P_Two )exist
And 3 × 10^Five ~ 2 × 10⁶ 1 × 10 in the area of^Five More than
Preferably there is a largest peak in the region,
Good high-temperature offset resistance, blocking resistance, developability
Is obtained. The higher this peak molecular weight, the higher the temperature offset.
5 × 10⁶ Peaks in these areas
Heat roll, if present, that can be pressurized
Is no problem, but when pressure cannot be applied, elasticity is high.
This affects the fixability. Therefore, medium
For heat fixing with relatively low pressure used in low-speed machines
Is 3 × 10^Five ~ 2 × 10⁶ A peak exists in the region, and
This is 1 × 10^Five This is the maximum peak in the above region.
Is preferred. Also, 1 × 10^Five Preferred components in the following areas
50% or more, more preferably 60 to 90%,
Preferably, it is 65 to 85%. Be within this range
Thus, the toner shows good fixability. 50% of the above components
If it is less than 1, sufficient fixability cannot be obtained and also the crushability
Become inferior. If it exceeds 90%,
Tendency to be weak against the adverse effect of the plastic effect due to wax addition
In the direction. In the present invention, a polyester resin is used as the binder resin.
When resin is used, the molecular weight of the toner by GPC
Preferably molecular weight 3 × 10 in distribution^Three ~ 1.5 × 1
0^FourArea, more preferably 4 × 10^Three ~ 1.2 × 1
0^Four And particularly preferably 5 × 10^Three ~ 1 × 10^Four In the area
Preferably, there is a main peak. Further, 1.
5 × 10^Four At least one peak or peak
Shoulder exist or 5 × 10^Four The above area is 5
% Is preferable. The weight average molecular weight (M
w) / number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 10 or more.
Good. The main peak is 3 × 10^Three Is less than
In some cases, the plastic effect is harmful due to the addition of wax
In addition, the blocking resistance and the developability are easily reduced. Also
Main peak is 1.5 × 10^Four Located in an area beyond
In this case, good fixability cannot be obtained. On the other hand, 1.
5 × 10^Four There are peaks and shoulders in the above areas
Case or 5 × 10^Four If the above area is 5% or more, M
When w / Mn is 10 or more, the addition of wax
It is possible to suppress the adverse effects of the plasticizing effect. In the present invention, the toner is cleaned by GPC.
The molecular weight distribution of the chromatogram is measured under the following conditions. That is, the column was heated in a 40 ° C. heat chamber.
And the column at this temperature
Flow THF (tetrahydrofuran) at a flow rate of 1 ml per minute.
Then, about 100 μl of a THF sample solution is injected for measurement.
When measuring the molecular weight of a sample, the molecular weight of the sample
The fabric was made with several monodisperse polystyrene standards.
Calculated from the relationship between the logarithm of the calibration curve
Was. Examples of standard polystyrene samples for creating calibration curves
For example, Tosoh or Showa Denko has a molecular weight of 1 ×
10^Two -10⁷ Use at least 10 points
Suitably, standard polystyrene samples are used. Ma
In addition, an RI (refractive index) detector is used as the detector. Still empty
As a system, multiple sets of commercially available polystyrene gel columns
It is good to mix, for example, showex made by Showa Denko
  GPC KF-801, 802, 803, 804, 8
05,806,807,800P and Tosoh Corporation
TSKGelG1000H (H_XL), G2000H
(H_XL), G3000H (H_XL), G4000H
(H_XL), G5000H (H_XL), G6000H
(H_XL), G7000H (H_XL), TSKguardc
and the combination of the same. A sample is prepared as follows. The sample was put in THF and left for several hours.
Afterwards, shake well and mix THF well (unifying the sample).
), And let stand still for more than 12 hours. At this time T
The time of leaving in HF is set to be 24 hours or more.
Then, a sample processing filter (pore size 0.45
μm to 0.5 μm, for example, Myshoridisk H-2
5-5, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, EXICRODISK 25CR, gel
Man Science Japan, etc. can be used)
What passed through is used as a GPC sample. Sample concentration
Is adjusted so that the resin component is 0.5 to 5 mg / ml
I do. In the toner of the present invention, the binder resin component
In addition, the following less than the content of the binder resin component
A compound may be contained. For example, silicone resin,
Riesteel, polyurethane, polyamide, epoxy tree
Fat, polyvinyl butyral, rosin, modified rosin, ter
Pen resin, phenolic resin, two or more α-olefins
And the like. In the toner of the present invention, charging stability,
Add silica fine powder to improve developability, fluidity and durability
Is preferably added. The silica fine powder used in the present invention is BE
Specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption measured by T method is 20m^Two / G
Above (especially 30-400m^Two / G) is good
Gives good results. The silica fine powder has a toner weight of 100
0.01 to 8 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 8 parts by weight,
It is better to use 5 parts by weight. The silica fine powder used in the present invention is required
Depending on
Varnish, various modified silicone varnishes, silicone oil
Il, various modified silicone oils, silane coupling
Agent, silane coupling agent with functional group, other
Treatment agents such as silicon compounds or various treatment agents
It is also preferred that they have been treated for use. In order to improve developability and durability,
It is also preferable to add the following inorganic powder. Magnesium
, Zinc, aluminum, cerium, cobalt, iron,
Ruconium, chromium, manganese, strontium, tin,
Metal oxides such as antimony; calcium titanate, titanium
Compounds such as magnesium titanate and strontium titanate
Metal oxides: calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, charcoal
Metal salts such as aluminum phosphate; clay minerals such as kaolin;
Phosphate compounds such as apatite; silicon carbide, silicon nitride
Silicon compounds such as carbon black and graphite
And the like. Among them, zinc oxide and aluminum oxide
Luminium, cobalt oxide, manganese dioxide, titanic acid
Strontium, magnesium titanate, etc. are preferred
No. Further, the following lubricant powder is added.
You can also. Fluoride such as Teflon and polyvinylidene fluoride
Resin; fluorine compound such as carbon fluoride; stearyl
Metal salts of fatty acids such as zincate; fatty acids, fatty acid esters, etc.
Fatty acid derivatives of molybdenum sulfide, amino acids and amino acids
Acid derivatives. The toner of the present invention can be used in combination with a carrier.
Can be used as a two-component developer
Known carriers when used
Can be used, but specifically, surface oxidation or non-oxidation
Iron oxide, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium, rare
Average grain size of metals such as earth and their alloys or oxides
Particles with a diameter of 20-300 μm are used. Further, the surface of these carrier particles is
Resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, fluorine
Substance or polyester resin
What has been used is preferably used. As a colorant usable in the toner of the present invention,
Is any suitable pigment or dye. For example, face
Materials include carbon black, aniline black, acetyl
Tile black, naphthol yellow, hansaielo
ー, Rhodamine lake, Alizarin lake, Bengala,
Examples include phthalocyanine blue and indaslen blue.
These are necessary and sufficient to maintain the optical density of the fixed image.
And the amount is 0.1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin.
Parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by weight.
No. A dye is further used for the same purpose. example
Azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, xanthene dyes
Ingredients, methine dyes, and 100 parts by weight of resin,
0.1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.3 to 10 parts by weight
Good addition. To prepare the toner of the present invention, a binding tree
Fat, wax, magnetic material, charge control agent, and colorant
Henschel mixer with pigments or dyes and other additives
-Mix well with a mixer such as ball mill and then heat
Heat kneaders such as rolls, kneaders, and extruders
Melt kneading to make resins compatible with each other and metallize
Disperse or dissolve compounds, pigments, dyes, and magnetic materials, and cool
Pulverizing and classifying after solidification to obtain the toner of the present invention
Can be. If necessary, add a desired additive
Mix well with a mixer such as
-Can be obtained. [0113] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to specific examples.
However, the present invention is not limited to these.
Table 1 shows the physical properties of the wax used in the present invention.
Table 2 shows the physical properties. [0114] [Table 1] [0115] [Table 2] [Example 1] 100 parts by weight of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer 80 parts by weight of magnetic material 1 2 parts by weight of imidazole derivative (1) 14 parts by weight of wax After premixing the above materials with a Henschel mixer,
The mixture was melt-kneaded by a twin-screw kneading extruder set at a temperature of ° C.
The obtained kneaded material was cooled and coarsely pulverized with a cutter mill.
After that, pulverize with a pulverizer using a jet stream
Multi-divider classifier using the Coanda effect
To obtain a toner 1 having a weight average diameter of 7.6 μm.
Was. 100 parts by weight of this toner and a positively charged hydrophobic colloid
Externally add 0.7 parts by weight of Dalsilica with Henschel mixer
Thus, a one-component developer 1 was obtained. A commercially available electrophotographic copying machine NP-4835 (K
Various evaluations were carried out using Canon Inc.). The result
In an environment of 23 ° C. and 5% RH, see Table 3 for 32.5 ° C. and 90% RH.
Table 4 shows the environment of% RH. In addition, the wax 1
FIG. 3 shows the carbon number distribution. (Fixing property test) Determined by the first copy test
The adhesion was evaluated. For evaluation of fixability, the image is made of silbon paper,
Rub 10 times back and forth with a load of about 100g to remove the image
Evaluation was made based on the reduction rate (%) of the reflection density. (Offset Test) Transfer paper of B5
After continuous copying, copy on A3 transfer paper
The high temperature offset caused by the temperature rise is used to determine whether image contamination occurs.
Was evaluated. (Durability test) 10,000 sheets with A4 vertical feed
Was carried out to evaluate the image density and fog. ・ Fog evaluation It was performed visually. ◎: Excellent Fog is not visually observed. ：: good No fog is observed unless closely watched. Δ: Possible There is fog, but there is no practical problem. ×: Not possible Fog is noticeable. (Blotch) 500 sheets from the start of image output
Look over the sleeve with your eyes. (Sleeve stains) Every 1000 copies
Three with silbon paper containing chill ethyl ketone (solvent)
Part of the print, and then copy one solid black sheet. Soshi
The presence or absence of sleeve contamination is determined based on the density of the solid black density. (Blocking test) About 20 g of the developer was
Put in a 100cc plastic cup and leave at 50 ° C for 3 days
Later, it was evaluated visually. : Excellent No aggregates are observed. ：: Good Aggregates are seen but easily collapse. Δ: Yes Aggregates are observed, but collapse when shaken. ×: Not possible Aggregates can be grasped and do not collapse easily. [Example 2] 100 parts by weight of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer 80 parts by weight of magnetic material 1 2 parts by weight of imidazole derivative (1) 4 parts by weight of wax One-component developer using the above materials and in the same manner as in Example 1.
2 was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
You. [Embodiment 3] 100 parts by weight of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer Magnetic material 2 80 parts by weight 2 parts by weight of imidazole derivative (1) 3-4 parts by weight of wax A one-component developer using the above materials and in the same manner as in Example 1.
3 was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
You. [Embodiment 4] 100 parts by weight of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer Magnetic material 2 80 parts by weight 2 parts by weight of imidazole derivative (6) 14 parts by weight of wax A one-component developer using the above materials and in the same manner as in Example 1.
4 was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
You. [Embodiment 5] 100 parts by weight of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer Magnetic material 3 80 parts by weight 2 parts by weight of imidazole derivative (9) 14 parts by weight of wax A one-component developer using the above materials and in the same manner as in Example 1.
5 was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
You. [Comparative Example 1] 100 parts by weight of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer 80 parts by weight of magnetic iron oxide Nigrosine 2 parts by weight 14 parts by weight of wax A one-component developer using the above materials and in the same manner as in Example 1.
6 was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
You. [Comparative Example 2] 100 parts by weight of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer 80 parts by weight of magnetic iron oxide Quaternary ammonium salt 2 parts by weight 14 parts by weight of wax A one-component developer using the above materials and in the same manner as in Example 1.
7 was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
You. [Comparative Example 3] 100 parts by weight of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer 80 parts by weight of magnetic iron oxide 2 parts by weight of imidazole derivative (1) 4 parts by weight of wax 4 A one-component developer using the above materials and in the same manner as in Example 1.
8 was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
You. FIG. 4 shows the carbon number distribution of the wax 4. [Comparative Example 4] 100 parts by weight of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer 80 parts by weight of magnetic iron oxide 2 parts by weight of imidazole derivative (1) 4 parts by weight of wax 5 A one-component developer using the above materials and in the same manner as in Example 1.
9 was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
You. FIG. 5 shows the carbon number distribution of the wax 5. [Comparative Example 5] 100 parts by weight of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer Magnetic material 4 80 parts by weight 2 parts by weight of imidazole derivative (1) 14 parts by weight of wax A one-component developer using the above materials and in the same manner as in Example 1.
10 were prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
Show. [0133] [Table 3] [0134] [Table 4] [0135] As described above, the toner of the present invention has a
Fixation by using magnetics, magnetic material and charge control agent
Toner with excellent developability, satisfying the properties and offset resistance
can do. Further, the present invention provides a high image density,
A toner with excellent image density stability and environmental stability.
Toner that has little tension and does not generate blotches and sleeve dirt
It is.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a GC chromatogram of wax. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a chromatogram of GC of wax. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a carbon number distribution of wax. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a carbon number distribution of wax. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a carbon number distribution of wax.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Masami Fujimoto 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. (72) Inventor Rika Hariba 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo JP-A-7-191494 (JP, A) JP-A-7-152199 (JP, A) JP-A-7-56394 (JP, A) JP-A-7-301955 (JP) , A) JP-A-3-121463 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G03G 9/08

Claims (1)

(57) [Claim 1] In a toner for developing an electrostatic image containing at least a binder resin, a wax, a magnetic substance and a charge control agent, the wax has a carbon number distribution obtained by gas chromatography. In the above, the abundance continuously changes for each carbon number, and the width of the carbon number in the region where the abundance continuously changes is 8
And the charge control agent is an imidazole derivative represented by the following general formula (I): (Wherein R _{1 to} R ₄ are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group, and may be the same or different), and the magnetic material is a hexahedral particle, or A toner for developing an electrostatic image, wherein the toner is a polyhedral particle having ten or more faces or a mixture thereof.