JP3505781B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument having a keyboard, and more particularly to an electronic musical instrument capable of expressing various musical performances by a simple operation by controlling the tone generation based on the operation of a key in a plurality of directions. Is.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Tone characteristics relating to conventional keyboard-type electronic musical instruments
As a control technique, there is known a technique of detecting a lateral movement of a key to control musical tone characteristics such as pitch.

[0003]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The above-mentioned tone characteristic control
According to the technology, the amount of horizontal movement of the key and changes in pitch, etc.
Only the amount corresponds, the key is displaced from the vertical direction
When pressed diagonally, the initial tone of the generated tone is
From the standard pitch (predetermined pitch for each key)
There was an inconvenience that it slipped.

The object of the present invention is to reduce the initial pitch of a musical tone.
To provide a new electronic musical instrument that can prevent these
It

[0005]

An electronic musical instrument according to the present invention
Is a keyboard with keys and key operation in the vertical direction with respect to the keys.
And the amount of key operation in a direction different from the vertical direction.
Output means and vertical key operation detected by this detection means
Tone generating means for generating a tone signal according to
Calculate the offset value based on the key operation amount detected by
The key operation amount based on the offset value.
Control means for controlling the tone characteristic of the tone signal according to
It is equipped with.

[0006]

According to the electronic musical instrument of the present invention,
A musical tone signal is generated in response to a key operation, and the vertical direction
Different from, for example, a tone signal according to the amount of key operation
The tone characteristics such as the pitch of the are controlled. In this case, the key operation
Calculate the offset value based on the amount and
The tone characteristics are controlled as a reference, so press the key diagonally.
Even if there is a problem such as
Can be prevented.

[0007]

1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The circuit configuration of the electronic musical instrument is shown below.
-Based musical tone generation is controlled by a microcomputer
It is supposed to be done.

The bus 10 has interfaces 14, 2
4, CPU (central processing unit) 16, program memory 1
8. Working memory 20, timer 22 etc. are connected
There is.

The keyboard 12 is connected to the interface 14.
Will be continued. Key operation information is detected for each key from the keyboard 12.
To be done. An example of key operation information detection will be described later with reference to FIG.
It

The CPU 16 is stored in the memory 18.
Performs various processes to generate musical tones according to the program
Please refer to FIGS. 5 and 6 for these processes.
See below.

The working memory 20 is a RAM (lander).
Memory access memory).
Memory used as a register for various processing by
Contains areas.

The timer 22 is, for example, every 10 [ms].
Interrupt signal TI to the CPU 16
Each time U16 receives the interrupt signal TI, the interrupt of FIG.
Start the routine.

The interface 24 includes a sound source unit.
26 is connected. The sound source unit 26 has a pitch
A sound source whose tone characteristics such as (pitch), volume, and tone can be controlled
It includes.

A tone signal generated from the sound source unit 26
The TSO is supplied to the speaker 30 via the amplifier 28.
Is converted into sound.

FIG . 2 shows an example of the structure of the keyboard 12 for one key.
It is something. A flexible member 34 is provided on the support 32.
It is provided. The flexible member 34 includes a key support portion 34a,
The bending portion 34b, the vertical connecting portion 34c, and the fixing portion 34d are
Seen in cross section, it is connected in the shape of a letter "T".
Is fixed to the support 32 at the bottom surface of the fixing portion 34d.
It

A key member 36 is provided on the upper surface of the key support portion 34a.
It is fixed. Of the key support portion 34a and the flexure portion 34b
Strain sensors 38A are installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the first thinned portion between them.
It has been burned. Between the flexible portion 34b and the upper and lower connecting portions 34c
Strain sensors 38B are installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the second thinned portion between them.
The strain sensor 3 is attached to the side surface of the second thin portion while
8D is provided. Vertical connection part 34c and fixed part 34
The strain sensor 38 is provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the third thin portion between the strain sensor 38 and
C is provided.

Strain sensors 38A, 38B, 38C, 38D
The outputs of A, B, C, D respectively, and K ₁ , K ₂ , K
_{When 3} , K ₄ and K ₅ are all constants, the vertical direction of the key
Key pressing force F _z , key horizontal direction key pressing force F _x , key front-back direction
The key pressing force F _y is calculated by the following equations 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
Required.

[0018]

[Equation 1]

[0019]

[Equation 2]

[0020]

[Equation 3] In addition, the key depression position L of the key is determined by the strain sensors 38A and 38A.
The outputs of B are A and B, respectively, and the strain sensors 38A and 3A
Let S be the distance between 8B and K ₆ be a constant, then
It is obtained by the equation of 4.

[0021]

[Equation 4] In FIG. 2, L _k represents the key length, and L ₀
Represents the distance between the key and the strain sensor 38B.

Next, referring to FIGS.
An example will be described. In this example, the vertical key pressing force F _z is
Controls the sound volume depending, key depression force F _x in the lateral direction
Control the pitch accordingly.

In FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B), the key depression is performed.
The change waveforms of F _z and F _x from the start time t ₁ are illustrated.
As is clear from FIG. 3 (B), F _x is t at the start of key depression.
After a large change immediately after ₁ , it stabilizes at a certain time t ₂ .
However, it does not become zero. Therefore, the pitch depends on F _x
Control, the pitch at the start of sounding will not change from the reference pitch.
Will be done.

[0024] In order to solve such a problem, or _{t 1}
Reflects F _x in pitch for a certain period T _{0 from} time t ₂ to t ₂ .
The value of F _x at the end point t ₂ of the period T ₀ is set to OFF.
Stored as a pitch value , and the pitch is turned off from the value of F _x.
Control according to the value obtained by subtracting the set value. In addition, the _{F x}
The direction of change is zero as indicated by "CO" in Fig. 3 (B).
Offset value OF also becomes zero when the direction approaches
Update in the direction of getting closer.

FIG . 4 shows a change situation of the offset value OF.
It is something. The offset value OF is such that F _x approaches 0.
The change is controlled in the period CO that changes in the direction. new
An offset value _{OF (n)} sequentially in the maximum value of _{F x} and
The minimum values are F _{x (n-1)} and F _{x (n)} ,
The offset value before the change and _{OF (n-1),} the constant a _{K 7}
If it is a number, it can be obtained by the following equation (5).

[0026]

[Equation 5] On the other hand, pitch fluctuation due to fluctuations that occur unintentionally during key depression
In order to suppress the above, a dead zone W is provided as shown in FIG.
Set. That is, a range of W / 2 above and below the offset value OF.
F _x value of囲内 is so as not to reflect the pitch.

In summary, in this example, F _x during the period T ₀
The value is not reflected on the pitch, and F at the end time t ₂ of the period T ₀
After setting the _x value as the offset value, the offset value is changed over time.
Dead zone in the upper and lower W / 2 range of the offset value with new
And then, easy according to the value obtained by subtracting the offset value from the F _x value
Controls the pitch of the sound. Figure 3 (C) shows such a
Change of the pitch change amount P with time
It shows that after the value of F _x becomes stable,
Pitch variation is controlled with reference to the offset value OF.
You can see how it works.

FIGS. 5 and 6 enable the tone control as described above.
3 shows an interrupt routine to be executed. Step 40
Then, the sensor output is fetched from each key of the keyboard 12. That
Then, the process proceeds to step 42.

In step 42, the captured sensor output is
Based on whether any key has a key-on event
It If this determination result is affirmative (Y), step 4
Then, the process proceeds to 4 and the sound generation process is performed. That is, the sound source unit
Music message corresponding to the key that had a key-on event from 26
No. is generated at the reference pitch and the volume corresponding to the F _z value.
As a result, from the speaker 30, from the sound source unit 26
A tone corresponding to the tone signal is generated. After this,
Move to step 46.

In step 46, the time value register T is set to
A time value corresponding to the period T _{0 of} FIG. 3 is set. With an example
The time value 50 corresponding to T ₀ = 500 [ms].
To put. As a time value, T of 0 to several hundred [ms]
It can be set equal to _zero .

When the processing in step 46 is completed, or
If the result of judgment at step 42 is negative (N),
Move to step 48, sensor output captured in step 40
It is determined whether or not there is a key-off event based on. This judgment
If the result is positive (Y), go to step 50
Performs sound processing. That is, there was a key-off event
Attenuation of the tone signal corresponding to the key is started.

When the processing of step 50 is completed, or
If the result of the judgment at step 48 is negative (N),
Moving to step 52, it is judged whether the value of the register T is 0 or not. This
If the determination result of is negative ( N), the process proceeds to step 54.
Then, the value of the register T is decreased by 1. And step
At 56, it is judged whether the value of the register T is 0, and it is not 0 (N).
Raba returns to the main routine (not shown).

After this, steps 40 to 56 are repeated several times.
Then, when the time corresponding to the end of the period T ₀ is reached,
The determination result of step 56 is affirmative (Y), and the step
Move to 58. In step 58, the current F _x value is offset
The value. The current F _x value is the sensor output that is currently being captured.
It is the F _x value obtained by the calculation of the equation 2 based on the force.
It After step 58, return to the main routine.
It By passing through steps 50 to 56, during the period T ₀
The F _x value will not be reflected in the pitch.

After this, steps 40 to 50 are used to execute the scan.
When it comes to step 52, the determination result becomes positive (Y),
Go to step 60. In step 60, from the current F _x value
It is determined whether the value obtained by subtracting the previous F _x value is a predetermined value or more. This
This is because when the F _x value changes only slightly, the F _x value
This is to prevent it from being reflected.

The determination result of step 60 is negative (N).
If yes , go to step 62 and set the F _x value to offset.
Near the offset value (for example, a range of W / 2 above and below the offset value)
Inside). If this judgment result is affirmative (Y)
If so, it returns to the main routine. Steps 52 and 6
Realization of the dead zone W of FIG. 3 (B) through 0,62
Is possible.

If the determination result of step 60 is affirmative (Y),
If there is, or the judgment result of step 62 is negative (N)
If so, the process proceeds to step 64. In step 64
Is the pitch control of the value obtained by subtracting the offset value from the current F _x value.
It is output to the sound source unit 26 as control data, and the
Change and control the pitch of the sound. Then, move to step 66.
It

At step 66, the change in the F _x value approaches 0.
It is judged whether it is the direction to follow. This determination result is affirmative (Y)
If so, move to step 68 and proceed as described in FIG.
Correct (update) the fuss value. The process of step 68 is
When it is finished or the judgment result of step 66 is negative (N)
If it is, the process returns to the main routine.

The present invention is limited to the above embodiment
Instead, it can be implemented in various modifications. An example
Then, the following changes are possible.

(1) The structure of the keyboard is a normal key rotation type
It may be up and down with respect to the rotating key, left and right
If it is configured to detect the key pressing force in the direction, front-back direction, etc.
Yes.

(2) The musical tone characteristics to be controlled are the volume and the pitch.
J, tone color, etc. In addition, these tone characteristics are key
Operation in any direction, such as up / down direction, left / right direction, front / rear direction, etc.
You may control according to the amount of crops.

[0041]

As described above, according to the present invention,
A musical sound such as pitch depending on the amount of key operation in a direction different from the direction
Offset value based on the key operation amount when controlling characteristics
And the tone characteristic based on the offset value
Since it is controlled, the deviation of the initial pitch of the musical sound, etc.
The effect that can be prevented is obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a keyboard.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a temporal change in each of a vertical key pressing force F _z , a horizontal key pressing force F _x, and a pitch change amount P.

FIG. 4 is an offset value O with respect to the lateral key pressing force F _x.
9 is a graph for explaining a changing operation of F.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a part of an interrupt routine as an example of tone characteristic control .

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the rest of the routine of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

10: Bus, 12: Keyboard, 14, 24: Interface, 16: CPU (Central Processing Unit), 18: Program Memory, 20: Working Memory, 22: Timer, 2
6: sound source unit, 28: amplifier, 30: speaker, 3
2 : support, 34: flexible member, 36: key member, 38A
~ 38D: Strain sensor.

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A keyboard having a key, detection means for detecting a key operation in the up-down direction and a key operation amount in a direction different from the up-down direction with respect to the key, and a key operation in the up-down direction detected by the detection means. Tone generating means for generating a tone signal in response to the key operation amount, and an offset based on the key operation amount detected by the detecting means.
And the offset value as a reference.
A control for controlling the tone characteristic of the tone signal according to the amount of key operation.
An electronic musical instrument equipped with control means . 2. The control means is for a fixed period from the start of key depression.
Value of the key operation amount at the time when
The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, which is a set value . 3. The control means obtains the offset value.
If the amount of key operation changes toward zero after
Update the offset value so that it approaches zero
The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, which is a musical instrument. 4. The control means obtains the offset value.
After that, if the key operation amount is a value near the offset value,
If there is a positive result
The judgment is made without changing the musical tone characteristics according to the keystroke operation amount.
When the result of is negative, it depends on the key operation amount.
The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein a musical note characteristic is changed .