JP3491125B2 - Water treatment equipment - Google Patents
Water treatment equipmentInfo
- Publication number
- JP3491125B2 JP3491125B2 JP15695997A JP15695997A JP3491125B2 JP 3491125 B2 JP3491125 B2 JP 3491125B2 JP 15695997 A JP15695997 A JP 15695997A JP 15695997 A JP15695997 A JP 15695997A JP 3491125 B2 JP3491125 B2 JP 3491125B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- tank
- activated carbon
- treatment
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、河川水、湖沼
水、池水、地下水等の原水から上水を得るための浄水処
理装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention, river water, lake water, pond water, water purification treatment in order to obtain clean water from the raw water of the underground water, etc.
Related to the processing equipment .
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術と発明が解決しようとする課題】従来の一
般的な浄水処理方法は懸濁物の除去と殺菌が主体であ
り、図５に示すように、原水に塩素を注入した後、凝集
沈殿槽において適当な凝集剤を添加することにより凝集
物を生成させてこれを沈殿させ、ついで砂を充填した砂
ろ過槽に導いてろ過し、さらに再度塩素を注入するもの
である。2. Description of the Related Art The conventional general water purification treatment method is mainly for removing suspended matter and sterilization . As shown in FIG. 5 , after chlorine is injected into raw water, coagulation is performed. In this method, a suitable flocculant is added in the settling tank to form a flocculate, which is allowed to settle, then introduced into a sand filter tank filled with sand for filtration, and chlorine is injected again.
【０００３】ところが、このような方法では、処理水量
当たりに必要な設備の敷地面積が広大になる上、豊富な
経験に基づく微妙な運転条件の維持管理が不可欠であ
る。すなわち、原水の状態の変動に対応して、凝集沈殿
やろ過の状態を良好に維持するため、薬注条件など多く
の運転パラメータの微妙な調整が必要とされる。However, in such a method, the site area of equipment required per amount of treated water is vast, and in addition, maintenance of delicate operating conditions based on abundant experience is indispensable. That is, in order to maintain a good state of coagulation and sedimentation and filtration in response to fluctuations in the state of raw water, it is necessary to make delicate adjustments to many operating parameters such as chemical injection conditions.
【０００４】さらに、近年、湖沼水、地下水などの水道
原水の水質悪化が著しく、異臭味やトリハロメタン生成
などの問題が生じているが、従来の一般的な浄水処理方
法では、これらの問題に対応できないため、さらに高度
な処理技術が要求され、この要求に応えて種々開発され
ている。現在知られている高度浄水処理方法の一例を図
６に示す。図６において、高度浄水処理方法は、凝集沈
殿槽において原水に適当な凝集剤を添加することにより
凝集物を生成させてこれを沈殿させた後オゾンを吹込
み、ついで砂を充填した砂ろ過槽に導いてろ過し、つい
で再びオゾンを吹込んだ後、粒状活性炭が充填された槽
内に上方から流入させて槽内に下降流を形成することに
より粒状活性炭に有機物等を吸着させ、さらに塩素を注
入するものである。Furthermore, in recent years, the water quality of tap water such as lake water and groundwater has remarkably deteriorated, and problems such as off-flavor and trihalomethane production have occurred. However, conventional general water purification treatment methods deal with these problems. Therefore, more advanced processing technology is required, and various developments have been made in response to this requirement. Figure of an example of currently known advanced water purification treatment method
6 shows. In FIG. 6 , the advanced water purification method is a sand filter tank in which a coagulant is generated by adding an appropriate coagulant to raw water in a coagulating sedimentation tank to precipitate the coagulated material, ozone is then blown, and then sand is filled. After filtering and then blowing ozone again, it is admitted from above into the tank filled with granular activated carbon to form a downward flow in the tank to adsorb organic matter etc. to the granular activated carbon and Is to be injected.
【０００５】しかしながら、このような方法は、従来の
一般的な浄水処理方法に比べても非常に複雑な方法とな
っており、上述した一般的な浄水処理方法の有する問題
点（設備の敷地面積が広大となること、および微妙な運
転管理技術が必要であること）に加えて、設備建設費お
よび運転経費が大幅に上昇し、得られる上水のコストの
大幅な高騰を招くという問題が生じる。However, such a method is very complicated as compared with the conventional general water purification treatment method, and the problems of the above-mentioned general water purification treatment (equipment site area And the need for delicate operation management technology), equipment construction costs and operating costs will rise significantly, and the cost of the resulting water supply will rise significantly. .
【０００６】この発明の目的は、上記問題を解決し、設
備の敷地面積が小さく、運転管理が容易で、設備建設費
および運転経費が安く、しかも得られる上水の水質が高
度な浄水処理装置を提供することにある。It is an object of the present invention, the above problem was solved, a small site area of equipment, ease of operation management, plant construction costs and operating costs are cheaper, yet the quality of the resulting clean water is advanced water treatment apparatus To provide.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段と発明の効果】この発明に
よる浄水処理装置は、河川水、湖沼水、池水、地下水等
の原水から上水を得るための浄水処理装置であって、好
気性微生物が付着した粒状活性炭を内蔵する処理槽と、
処理槽内に配置されたろ過膜ユニットと、処理槽内にお
けるろ過膜ユニットよりも下方の部分に配置された曝気
装置とを備えており、処理槽の周壁における槽内液の液
面よりも若干下方の高さ位置に水抜き出し口が形成さ
れ、水抜き出し口に水抜き出し管が接続され、水抜き出
し管に開閉弁が設けられ、処理槽の周壁における水抜き
出し口よりも下方の高さ位置に、槽内方に突出した山形
の活性炭流出防止用邪魔板が設けられているものであ
る。A means for solving the effect of the invention] This invention
Purified water treatment equipment is based on river water, lake water, pond water, groundwater, etc.
It is a water purification device for obtaining clean water from raw water of
A treatment tank containing a granular activated carbon with aerial microorganisms attached,
The filtration membrane unit placed in the treatment tank and the
Aeration located below the filtration membrane unit
It is equipped with a device, and the liquid in the tank on the peripheral wall of the processing tank
A drainage port is formed at a height slightly below the surface.
The drainage pipe is connected to the drainage port,
An open / close valve is provided on the drain pipe to drain water from the peripheral wall of the processing tank.
A mountain shape that protrudes inward of the tank at a height below the outlet
Baffle plate for preventing activated carbon outflow of
It
【０００８】この発明の浄水処理装置によれば、好気性
微生物が付着した粒状活性炭を内蔵する処理槽と、処理
槽内に配置されたろ過膜ユニットおよび曝気装置とを備
えているだけであるから、設備の敷地面積が、上述した
従来の２つの方法を実施するための装置に比較して小さ
くて済む。また、設備建設費および運転費が上述した従
来の２つの方法を実施するための装置に比較して安価に
なる。[0008] According to the water purification apparatus of the present invention, aerobic
Treatment tank containing granular activated carbon with microorganisms attached, and treatment
Equipped with a filtration membrane unit and aeration device arranged in the tank
The site area of the equipment is
Small compared to conventional devices for performing the two methods
I'm sorry. In addition, equipment construction costs and operating costs are
Cheaper than devices for performing the two traditional methods
Become
【０００９】この発明による浄水処理装置を用いての浄
水処理方法は、処理槽中に原水を入れ、処理槽内に入れ
られた原水である槽内液中の有機物を活性炭表面上に吸
着させるとともに、好気性微生物によりこの有機物を分
解し、槽内液中に浸漬したろ過膜ユニットの下方から槽
内液中に曝気しつつ、有機物の分解物およびその他の懸
濁物をろ過膜ユニットによりろ別するものである。[0009] Kiyoshi <br/> water treatment method using a water purification device according to the present invention, the raw water was placed in a treatment Riso, organics activated carbon intracisternal solution which is a raw water that has been placed in the processing bath While adsorbing on the surface, this organic matter is decomposed by aerobic microorganisms, while decomposing organic matter and other suspended matters while aerating from below the filtration membrane unit immersed in the tank liquid into the tank liquid. the filtration membrane unit in which is filtered off.
【００１０】この浄水処理方法によれば、１つの処理槽
内において槽内に入れられた原水である槽内液中の有機
物を活性炭表面上に吸着させるとともに、活性炭表面上
に付着した好気性微生物によりこの有機物を分解し、有
機物の分解物およびその他の懸濁物を槽内液中に浸漬し
たろ過膜ユニットによりろ別するだけであるので、従来
の２つの浄水処理方法に比べてプロセス数が少なくな
る。したがって、運転管理が容易になるとともに、運転
費が安価になる。また、トリハロメタン前駆物質や異臭
味原因物質である有機物を好気性微生物により分解し、
この有機物の分解物を槽内液中に浸漬したろ過膜ユニッ
トによりろ別しているので、トリハロメタンの生成や異
臭味の発生を防止できる。しかも、その他の懸濁物もろ
過膜ユニットによりろ別しているので、浮遊固形物や細
菌も除去される。したがって、高度な上水が得られる。
また、有機物を好気性微生物により分解しているので、
ろ過膜ユニットに用いる膜としては比較的安価な精密ろ
過膜や限外ろ過膜を使用することができ、設備費が安く
なる。さらに、原水が河川水の場合、原水中の有機物が
稀薄であるので、微生物による分解効率が低下したり、
微生物が生存できなくなることがあるが、有機物は、表
面に好気性微生物が付着した粒状活性炭に吸着されるの
で、原水中の有機物が濃縮されることになり、微生物に
よる分解効率の低下が防止されるとともに、微生物の生
存が保証される。According to water purification treatment method this, good that the organic substance in the liquid bath is a raw water placed in the tank in one processing bath with adsorbed onto the surface of activated carbon, deposited on the surface of activated carbon This organic matter is decomposed by aerobic microorganisms, and the decomposed matter of organic matter and other suspensions are simply filtered by a filtration membrane unit immersed in the liquid in the tank. The number will decrease. Therefore, the operation management becomes easy and the operation cost becomes low. In addition, trihalomethane precursors and organic substances that cause off-flavors are decomposed by aerobic microorganisms,
Since the decomposed products of the organic substances are filtered by the filtration membrane unit immersed in the liquid in the tank, it is possible to prevent the generation of trihalomethane and the generation of off-flavor. Moreover, since other suspended matters are also filtered out by the filtration membrane unit, suspended solids and bacteria are also removed. Therefore, a high degree of clean water is obtained.
Also, since organic matter is decomposed by aerobic microorganisms,
As the membrane used in the filtration membrane unit, a relatively inexpensive microfiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane can be used, and the equipment cost is reduced. Furthermore, when the raw water is river water, the organic matter in the raw water is dilute, so the degradation efficiency by microorganisms decreases,
Microorganisms may not be able to survive, but organic matter is adsorbed by granular activated carbon with aerobic microbes attached to the surface, so organic matter in raw water will be concentrated and degradation efficiency by microorganisms will be prevented. Rutotomoni, the survival of microorganisms is guaranteed.
【００１１】また、曝気装置によりろ過膜ユニットの下
方から槽内液中に曝気する。この場合、処理槽内に槽内
液の循環流が形成され、活性炭もこの循環流にのって循
環するので、有機物との接触効率が向上し、活性炭への
有機物吸着率も向上する。また、好気性微生物への有機
物の分解に必要な酸素供給も効率良く行われる。さら
に、循環流にのった活性炭および気泡により膜表面上の
付着物が剥離させられるので、膜の目詰まりが防止さ
れ、長期間に渡る連続処理が可能になる。Further , the inside of the tank liquid is aerated by the aeration device from below the filtration membrane unit. In this case, a circulating flow of the in-tank liquid is formed in the treatment tank, and the activated carbon also circulates along the circulating flow, so that the contact efficiency with the organic matter is improved and the adsorption rate of the organic matter to the activated carbon is also improved. In addition, oxygen is efficiently supplied to the aerobic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter. Further, the activated carbon and air bubbles in the circulating flow separate the deposits on the surface of the film, so that the film is prevented from being clogged and continuous treatment can be performed for a long period of time.
【００１２】また、処理槽の周壁における槽内液の液面
よりも若干下方の高さ位置に水抜き出し口が形成され、
水抜き出し口に水抜き出し管が接続され、水抜き出し管
に開閉弁が設けられていると、常時は開閉弁を閉じてお
き、処理槽内の槽内液中における懸濁物の濃度が高くな
ったときに開閉弁を開くと、懸濁物の濃度が高くなった
槽内液を、水抜き出し口から水抜き出し管を経て抜き出
すことができる。上記懸濁物とは、難分解不溶性有機物
の他に、ろ過膜ユニットによりろ別されて膜表面から剥
離させられた有機物の分解生成物やその他の懸濁物を含
む。この場合、ろ過時の膜差圧の上昇を防止することが
できるとともに、懸濁物による膜の目詰まりが防止され
る。The level of the liquid in the tank on the peripheral wall of the processing tank
A drainage port is formed at a height position slightly lower than
The water drainage pipe is connected to the water drainage port, and the water drainage pipe
If an on-off valve is installed in the
The concentration of suspended solids in the liquid in the processing tank increases.
Opening the on-off valve when there was a high concentration of suspension
Drain the liquid in the tank from the water drain port through the water drain pipe.
You can In addition to the hardly-decomposable insoluble organic matter, the above-mentioned suspension includes decomposition products of organic matter separated by filtration by the filtration membrane unit and peeled off from the membrane surface, and other suspensions. In this case, it is possible to prevent the transmembrane pressure difference from increasing during filtration, and also to prevent the clogging of the membrane due to the suspended matter.
【００１３】また、上述した処理槽内の槽内液中におけ
る懸濁物の濃度が高くなったときの槽内液の処理槽から
の抜き出しを、処理槽の周壁における槽内液の液面より
も若干下方の高さ位置に形成された水抜き出し口から行
うと、抜き出す槽内液中に活性炭が含まれるのを防止す
ることができる。すなわち、活性炭の比重は大きいの
で、活性炭が液面近傍まで浮上することはなく、その結
果活性炭の水抜き出し口からの流出を防止することがで
きる。そして、活性炭の流出が防止できるので、有機物
の微生物による処理能力および活性炭の吸着能力を維持
するために、活性炭を新たに補充する必要がなくなって
経済的である。ろ過膜ユニットの下方から槽内液中に曝
気していると、活性炭が液面近傍まで上昇することもあ
るが、この場合には、槽内液の処理槽からの抜き出し時
に曝気量を減らして活性炭が液面近傍まで上昇しないよ
うに調節する。 Further, withdrawal from Tank solution in the processing tank when the concentration of the suspension in the tank in liquid in the treating tank as described above becomes higher, the liquid level of the tank in the liquid in the peripheral wall of the processing tank it can also be prevented when performing the slightly high water discharge outlet formed in the lower position, to include the active carbon intracisternal solution to extract. That is, since the activated carbon has a large specific gravity, the activated carbon does not float to the vicinity of the liquid surface, and as a result, the activated carbon can be prevented from flowing out from the water outlet. Further, since the activated carbon can be prevented from flowing out, it is economical because it is not necessary to newly replenish the activated carbon in order to maintain the treatment ability of the organic matter by the microorganism and the adsorption ability of the activated carbon. If the liquid inside the tank is aerated from below the filtration membrane unit, activated carbon may rise to near the liquid surface.In this case, reduce the amount of aeration when extracting the liquid inside the tank from the treatment tank. activated carbon is adjusted so as not to rise to the vicinity liquid surface.
【００１４】さらに、処理槽の周壁における水抜き出し
口よりも下方の高さ位置に、槽内方に突出した山形の活
性炭流出防止用邪魔板が設けられていると、邪魔板の働
きにより、活性炭が液面近傍まで上昇したとしても、活
性炭は邪魔板に当たってそれ以上上昇することはないの
で、水抜き出し口からの流出を確実に防止できる。しか
も、仮に活性炭が邪魔板よりも上方まで移動したとして
も、曝気装置による上昇流れは、邪魔板により止められ
るので、活性炭の比重が大きいことと相俟って、活性炭
は邪魔板上に落下し、その上面に沿って下方に転がり落
ちる。 Furthermore, a height position lower than the water withdrawal outlet in the peripheral wall of the processing tank, the chevron of the activated carbon outflow prevention baffle projecting bath inward are provided, by the action of bogus plate, Even if the activated carbon rises to the vicinity of the liquid surface, the activated carbon hits the baffle plate and does not rise further, so that the outflow from the water outlet can be reliably prevented. Moreover, even if the activated carbon moves above the baffle plate, the rising flow due to the aeration device is stopped by the baffle plate, so the activated carbon falls on the baffle plate in combination with the large specific gravity of the activated carbon. , Rolling down along its top surface.
【００１５】上記浄水処理装置において、粒状活性炭
が、粒径０．２〜２ｍｍの石炭原料破砕炭または椰子殻
原料破砕炭であることがある。この場合、活性炭による
膜の目詰まりが防止される。In the above water purification apparatus, the granular activated carbon may be coal raw material crushed coal or palm shell raw material crushed coal having a particle size of 0.2 to 2 mm. In this case, clogging of the membrane due to activated carbon is prevented.
【００１６】上記浄水処理装置において、処理槽中に、
さらに表面に好気性微生物が付着した粒径２０〜２００
μｍの粉状活性炭を内蔵させておくことがある。この場
合、粉状活性炭の比表面積が、粒状活性炭のそれよりも
大きくなるので、有機物の吸着率が向上し、その結果好
気性微生物による有機物の分解効率も向上する。したが
って、原水の水質が特に悪い場合や、得られる上水の水
質をさらに高めたい場合に効果的である。なお、膜の孔
径は０．４μｍ程度であるので、粉状活性炭による膜の
目詰まりや、粉状活性炭の膜の通過は防止される。In the above water purification apparatus, in the treatment tank,
Particle size 20-200 with aerobic microorganisms on the surface
In some cases , powdery activated carbon of μm is built in. In this case, since the specific surface area of the powdered activated carbon is larger than that of the granular activated carbon, the adsorption rate of organic matter is improved, and as a result, the decomposition efficiency of organic matter by aerobic microorganisms is also improved. Therefore, it is effective when the quality of raw water is particularly poor or when it is desired to further improve the quality of the obtained clean water. Since the pore size of the membrane is about 0.4 μm, the membrane is prevented from being clogged with the activated carbon powder and the activated carbon powder passing through the membrane.
【００１７】上記浄水処理装置において、ろ過膜ユニッ
トが、２枚の平膜および両平膜の周縁部間に配置された
額縁状スペーサよりなる平膜モジュールを複数備えてい
ることがある。この場合、平膜が、精密ろ過膜であれ
ば、コストが安くなる。In the above water purification apparatus, the filtration membrane unit may include a plurality of flat membrane modules each including two flat membranes and a frame-shaped spacer arranged between the peripheral portions of both flat membranes. In this case, if the flat membrane is a microfiltration membrane, the cost will be low.
【００１８】上記浄水処理装置において、処理槽の前流
側に、原水中の粗大物および易沈降物を沈降分離させる
分離槽を配置しておくことが好ましい。この場合、原水
を処理槽に入れる前に、原水中の粗大物および易沈降物
を沈降分離槽で沈降分離させることができ、粗大物等に
よりろ過膜ユニットの膜が傷付くことが防止される。ま
た、上述したように、水抜き出し口から槽内液を抜き出
すさいの水抜き出し口の粗大物等による詰まりを防止す
ることができる。In the above-mentioned purified water treatment apparatus, it is preferable to arrange a separation tank on the upstream side of the treatment tank for separating coarse and easily sedimented raw water. In this case, before entering the raw water to the treatment tank, the coarse material and readily precipitate in the raw water can be sedimentation in the settling tank, the coarse, etc.
This prevents the membrane of the filtration membrane unit from being damaged. Well
Also, as described above, drain the liquid in the tank from the water drain port.
Prevents clogging due to oversized objects at the water drainage outlet
You can
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、この発明の実施の形態を、
図面を参照して説明する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
A description will be given with reference to the drawings.
【００２０】図１において、浄水処理装置は、好気性微
生物が付着した粒状活性炭(2)および粉状活性炭を内蔵
する処理槽(1)と、処理槽(1)内に配置されたろ過膜ユニ
ット(3)と、処理槽(1)内におけるろ過膜ユニット(3)よ
りも下方の部分に配置された曝気装置(4)と、曝気装置
(4)に空気を送り込むブロワ(5)と、処理槽(1)内に送り
込まれた原水である槽内液の液面を検出するレベルセン
サ(19)と、処理槽(1)の前流側に配置されかつ原水中の
粗大物および易沈降物を沈降分離させる沈降分離槽(20)
と、沈降分離槽(20)からのびかつ処理槽(1)の上部内に
臨む原水供給管(6)と、原水を原水供給管(6)を通して沈
降分離槽(20)から処理槽(1)内に送り込むポンプ(7)と、
得られた上水を溜める貯水槽(8)とを備えている。レベ
ルセンサ(19)およびポンプ(7)は図示しない制御器に接
続されており、レベルセンサ(19)、ポンプ(7)および制
御器によって、処理槽(1)内の水位がろ過膜ユニット(3)
の上端より常に上方にあるように原水の供給が制御され
る。In FIG . 1 , the water purification apparatus comprises a treatment tank (1) containing granular activated carbon (2) to which aerobic microorganisms adhere and powdered activated carbon, and a filtration membrane unit arranged in the treatment tank (1). (3), an aeration device (4) disposed in the treatment tank (1) below the filtration membrane unit (3), and an aeration device
The blower (5) that sends air to (4), the level sensor (19) that detects the liquid level of the tank liquid that is the raw water sent into the processing tank (1), and the front flow of the processing tank (1) Settling separation tank (20) placed on the side and settling and separating coarse and easily settled sediments in raw water
And a raw water supply pipe (6) extending from the sedimentation separation tank (20) and facing the upper part of the treatment tank (1), and a raw water supply pipe (6) from the sedimentation separation tank (20) to the treatment tank (1) A pump (7) that feeds inside,
A water storage tank (8) for storing the obtained clean water is provided. The level sensor (19) and the pump (7) are connected to a controller (not shown), and the level sensor (19), the pump (7) and the controller cause the water level in the treatment tank (1) to change to the filtration membrane unit (3). )
The raw water supply is controlled so that it is always above the upper end of the.
【００２１】原水供給管(6)の先端は、処理槽(1)内の底
部近傍までのびている。また、処理槽(1)の周壁におけ
る槽内液の液面よりも若干下方の高さ位置に水抜き出し
口(21)が形成され、水抜き出し口(21)に水抜き出し管(2
2)が接続され、水抜き出し管(22)に開閉弁(23)が設けら
れている。処理槽(1)の周壁における水抜き出し口(21)
よりも下方の高さ位置に、図２に示すように、槽(1)内
方に突出した山形の活性炭流出防止用邪魔板(24)が設け
られている。 The tip of the raw water supply pipe (6) is the bottom of the treatment tank (1).
It extends to the vicinity of the section. Also, in the peripheral wall of the processing tank (1)
Drain water at a height slightly below the level of the liquid in the tank
The mouth (21) is formed, and the drainage pipe (2
2) is connected, and an on-off valve (23) is provided on the water drain pipe (22).
Has been. Water outlet (21) on the peripheral wall of the treatment tank (1)
Inside the tank (1), as shown in Figure 2, at a height below
A chevron plate (24) for preventing the outflow of activated carbon in the shape of a mountain protruding toward
Has been .
【００２２】粒状活性炭(2)としては、石炭原料の破砕
炭または椰子殻原料の破砕炭が最適であるが、造粒活性
炭であっても可能である。粒状活性炭(2)の粒径は０．
２〜２ｍｍである。さらに、粒状活性炭(2)の平均細孔
径が大きいものほど好ましい。粒状活性炭(2)に加え
て、処理槽(1)に内蔵される粉状活性炭の粒径は２０〜
２００μｍである。この場合、粉状活性炭の比表面積
が、粒状活性炭(2)のそれよりも大きくなるので、有機
物の吸着率が向上し、その結果好気性微生物による有機
物の分解効率も向上する。したがって、原水の水質が特
に悪い場合や、得られる上水の水質をさらに高めたい場
合に効果的である。粉状活性炭としては、粒状活性炭
(2)と同様に、石炭原料の破砕炭または椰子殻原料の破
砕炭が最適であるが、造粒活性炭であっても可能であ
る。The granular activated carbon (2) is most preferably crushed coal of coal raw material or crushed coal of coconut shell raw material, but granulated activated carbon is also possible. The particle size of the granular activated carbon (2) is 0.
It is 2 to 2 mm. Further, the larger the average pore diameter of the granular activated carbon (2), the more preferable. In addition to the granular activated carbon (2), the particle size of the powdered activated carbon contained in the treatment tank (1) is 20 ~
It is 200 μm. In this case, since the specific surface area of the powdered activated carbon is larger than that of the granular activated carbon (2), the adsorption rate of organic matter is improved, and as a result, the decomposition efficiency of organic matter by aerobic microorganisms is also improved. Therefore, it is effective when the quality of raw water is particularly poor or when it is desired to further improve the quality of the obtained clean water. As powdered activated carbon, granular activated carbon
Similar to (2), crushed coal of coal raw material or crushed coal of coconut shell raw material is most suitable, but granulated activated carbon is also possible.
【００２３】ろ過膜ユニット(3)は、図３に示すよう
に、複数の中空状平膜モジュール(13)を備えている。各
平膜モジュール(13)は、図４に示すように、対向状に配
置された２枚の平膜(14)と、両平膜(14)の周縁部間に配
置された額縁状スペーサ(15)とよりなる。各平膜モジュ
ール(13)に、その中空部内と連通するように吸引管(16)
が接続されている。各吸引管(16)は貯水槽(8)からのび
た１つのろ過水管(17)にまとめて接続されている。ろ過
水管(17)の途中には吸引ポンプ(18)が設けられており、
この吸引ポンプ(18)により槽内液が平膜(14)を通過して
平膜モジュール(13)内に吸引されるようになっている。
平膜モジュール(13)の平膜(14)としては、限外ろ過膜や
精密ろ過膜が用いられるが、その中でも比較的吸引抵抗
が小さく、コストの安い精密ろ過膜を用いることが好ま
しい。なお、ろ過膜ユニット(3)には、平膜(14)を用い
た平膜モジュール(13)に代えて、中空糸状膜を用いたキ
ャピラリーモジュールを適用することができる。As shown in FIG. 3 , the filtration membrane unit (3) comprises a plurality of hollow flat membrane modules (13). As shown in FIG. 4 , each flat membrane module (13) includes two flat membranes (14) arranged to face each other, and a frame-shaped spacer () disposed between the peripheral portions of both flat membranes (14). 15) and. A suction tube (16) is attached to each flat membrane module (13) so as to communicate with the inside of the hollow part.
Are connected. The suction pipes (16) are collectively connected to one filtered water pipe (17) extending from the water storage tank (8). A suction pump (18) is provided in the middle of the filtered water pipe (17),
By this suction pump (18), the liquid in the tank passes through the flat membrane (14) and is sucked into the flat membrane module (13).
As the flat membrane (14) of the flat membrane module (13), an ultrafiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane is used, and among them, it is preferable to use a microfiltration membrane having a relatively small suction resistance and a low cost. A capillary module using a hollow fiber membrane can be applied to the filtration membrane unit (3) instead of the flat membrane module (13) using the flat membrane (14).
【００２４】次に、上記装置を用いた浄水処理方法につ
いて説明する。Next, a method for purifying water using the above apparatus will be described.
【００２５】予め、トリハロメタン前駆物質や異臭味原
因物質を含む河川水、湖沼水、池水、地下水等の原水中
の粗大物や易沈降物を、沈降分離槽(20)で沈降分離した
後、この原水をポンプ(7)により処理槽(1)内に供給す
る。このとき、処理槽(1)内の水位がろ過膜ユニット(3)
の上端より常に上方にあるように原水の供給が制御され
る。[0025] In advance, coarse or easily sedimented raw water such as river water, lake water, pond water, groundwater, etc. containing a trihalomethane precursor or a substance causing off-flavor is settled and separated in a settling separation tank (20). Raw water is supplied into the treatment tank (1) by the pump (7). At this time, the water level in the treatment tank (1) is the filtration membrane unit (3).
The raw water supply is controlled so that it is always above the upper end of the.
【００２６】そして、ブロワ(5)で曝気装置(4)に空気を
送り込むことによりろ過膜ユニット(3)の下方から槽内
液中に曝気しつつ、吸引ポンプ(18)で吸引する。する
と、槽内液中の有機物が粒状活性炭(2)および粉状活性
炭の表面上に吸着させられるとともに好気性微生物によ
り分解され、有機物の分解物、および浮遊固形物、細菌
等の懸濁物がろ過膜ユニット(3)の平膜モジュール(13)
の平膜(14)によりろ別され、平膜(14)を通過したろ過水
が吸引管(16)およびろ過水管(17)を通って貯水槽(8)に
送られる。なお、原水中にはウィルスが含まれているこ
とがあり、平膜(14)がウイルス除去機能を持たないこと
と、配水過程での微生物汚染を避けるため、貯水槽(8)
に送る前に、ろ過水管(17)内を流れているろ過水に適量
の塩素注入を行い、上水として貯水槽(8)に貯める。Then, air is sent to the aeration device (4) by the blower (5) to aerate the in-tank liquid from below the filtration membrane unit (3) and suck it by the suction pump (18). Then, the organic matter in the liquid in the tank is adsorbed on the surfaces of the granular activated carbon (2) and the powdered activated carbon and decomposed by aerobic microorganisms, and the decomposed products of the organic matter and suspended solids, suspensions of bacteria, etc. Flat membrane module (13) of filtration membrane unit (3)
The filtered water filtered by the flat membrane (14) and passed through the flat membrane (14) is sent to the water tank (8) through the suction pipe (16) and the filtered water pipe (17). The raw water may contain viruses, and the flat membrane (14) does not have a virus removal function, and in order to avoid microbial contamination during the water distribution process, the water tank (8)
Before sending to, the appropriate amount of chlorine is injected into the filtered water flowing in the filtered water pipe (17) and stored in the water tank (8) as clean water.
【００２７】ろ過膜ユニット(3)の下方から槽内液中に
曝気すると、エアリフト効果により、処理槽(1)内に槽
内液の循環流が形成される。すなわち、ろ過膜ユニット
(3)の隣接する平膜モジュール(13)間を槽内液、粒状活
性炭(2)および気泡が上昇し、気泡は水面に達すると大
気中に放出され、槽内液および粒状活性炭(2)はろ過膜
ユニット(3)と処理槽(1)の周壁との間を通って下方に流
れてろ過膜ユニット(3)との下側に至り、再度気泡とと
もにろ過膜ユニット(3)の隣接する平膜モジュール(13)
間を上昇する。このとき、ろ過膜ユニット(3)の下方か
ら槽内液中への曝気により、ろ過膜ユニット(3)の隣接
する平膜モジュール(13)間を上昇する流れにタービュレ
ンスが与えられる。When the liquid inside the tank is aerated from below the filtration membrane unit (3), a circulating flow of the liquid inside the tank is formed in the treatment tank (1) due to the air lift effect. That is, the filtration membrane unit
The liquid in the tank, the granular activated carbon (2) and bubbles rise between the adjacent flat membrane modules (13) in (3), and when the bubbles reach the water surface, they are released into the atmosphere, and the liquid in the tank and the granular activated carbon (2) Flows downward between the filtration membrane unit (3) and the peripheral wall of the treatment tank (1) to reach the lower side of the filtration membrane unit (3), and again adjoins the filtration membrane unit (3) with bubbles. Flat Membrane Module (13)
Go up between. At this time, turbulence is given to the ascending flow between the flat membrane modules (13) adjacent to each other by the aeration of the inside of the tank liquid from below the filtration membrane unit (3).
【００２８】原水中に存在する好ましくない有機物は、
循環する粒状活性炭(2)および粉状活性炭に吸着され活
性炭の表面上で濃縮される。粒状活性炭(2)および粉状
活性炭もこの循環流にのって循環するので、有機物との
接触効率が向上し、粒状活性炭(2)および粉状活性炭へ
の有機物吸着率も向上する。また、原水中の濃度のまま
では効率よく生物処理され難い有機物も、粒状活性炭
(2)および粉状活性炭表面上に濃縮された状態では、粒
状活性炭(2)および粉状活性炭表面上に付着している微
生物によって容易に効率よく分解される。粒状活性炭
(2)および粉状活性炭に吸着された有機物は、順次付着
微生物によって分解されるので、飽和吸着による粒状活
性炭(2)および粉状活性炭の性能低下が防止される。ま
た、好気性微生物への有機物の分解に必要な酸素供給も
効率良く行われる。The undesirable organic matter present in the raw water is
It is adsorbed by the circulating granular activated carbon (2) and powdered activated carbon and concentrated on the surface of the activated carbon. Since the granular activated carbon (2) and the powdered activated carbon also circulate along this circulation flow, the contact efficiency with the organic matter is improved, and the adsorption rate of the organic matter to the granular activated carbon (2) and the powdered activated carbon is also improved. In addition, organic matter that is difficult to be biologically treated efficiently in the concentration of raw water can be treated with granular activated carbon.
In the state of being concentrated on the surface of (2) and the powdered activated carbon, it is easily and efficiently decomposed by the microorganisms adhering to the surface of the granular activated carbon (2) and the powdered activated carbon. Granular activated carbon
Since the organic substance adsorbed on (2) and the powdered activated carbon is sequentially decomposed by the adhering microorganisms, the performance deterioration of the granular activated carbon (2) and the powdered activated carbon due to saturated adsorption can be prevented. In addition, oxygen is efficiently supplied to the aerobic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter.
【００２９】また、ろ過膜ユニット(3)の隣接する平膜
モジュール(13)間を上昇する気泡および活性炭(2)が平
膜(14)を擦ることにより、平膜(14)表面上の付着物が剥
離させられるので、平膜(14)の目詰まりが防止され、長
期間に渡る連続処理が可能になる。Further, the bubbles rising between the adjacent flat sheet membrane modules (13) of the filtration membrane unit (3) and the activated carbon (2) rub the flat sheet membrane (14), so that the surface of the flat sheet membrane (14) is covered. Since the kimono is peeled off, clogging of the flat film (14) is prevented, and continuous treatment for a long period of time becomes possible.
【００３０】そして、常時は開閉弁(23)を閉じておき、
処理槽(1)内の槽内液中における懸濁物の濃度が高くな
ったときに開閉弁(23)を開く。すると、懸濁物の濃度が
高くなった槽内液を、水抜き出し口(21)から水抜き出し
管(22)を経て抜き出すことができる。この場合、抜き出
す槽内液中に活性炭(2)が含まれるのを防止することが
できる。すなわち、活性炭(2)の比重は大きいので、活
性炭(2)が液面近傍まで浮上することはなく、その結果
活性炭(2)の水抜き出し口(21)からの流出を防止するこ
とができる。そして、活性炭(2)の流出が防止できるの
で、有機物の微生物による処理能力および活性炭の吸着
能力を維持するために、活性炭を新たに補充する必要が
なくなって経済的である。ろ過膜ユニット(3)の下方か
ら槽内液中に曝気していると、活性炭(2)が液面近傍ま
で上昇することもあるが、この場合には、槽内液の処理
槽(1)からの抜き出し時に曝気装置(4)による曝気量を減
らして活性炭(2)が液面近傍まで上昇しないように調節
する。[0030] and, normally kept closed the opening and closing valve (23),
The opening / closing valve (23) is opened when the concentration of the suspended solids in the liquid in the treatment tank (1) becomes high. Then, the liquid in the tank in which the concentration of the suspension is high can be extracted from the water extraction port (21) through the water extraction pipe (22). In this case, it is possible to prevent the activated carbon (2) from being contained in the liquid in the tank to be extracted. That is, since the activated carbon (2) has a large specific gravity, the activated carbon (2) does not float to the vicinity of the liquid surface, and as a result, the activated carbon (2) can be prevented from flowing out from the water outlet (21). Further, since the activated carbon (2) can be prevented from flowing out, it is economical because it is not necessary to newly replenish the activated carbon in order to maintain the treatment ability of the organic matter by the microorganism and the adsorption ability of the activated carbon. If the liquid inside the tank is aerated from below the filtration membrane unit (3), the activated carbon (2) may rise to near the liquid surface.In this case, the tank for treating the liquid inside the tank (1) The amount of aeration by the aeration device (4) is reduced at the time of extraction from the tank so that the activated carbon (2) does not rise to near the liquid surface.
【００３１】また、活性炭流出防止用邪魔板(24)の働き
により、活性炭(2)が液面近傍まで上昇したとしても、
活性炭(2)は邪魔板(24)に当たってそれ以上上昇するこ
とはないので、水抜き出し口(21)からの流出を確実に防
止できる。しかも、仮に活性炭(2)が邪魔板(24)よりも
上方まで移動したとしても、曝気装置(4)による水抜き
出し口(21)近傍の上昇流れは、邪魔板(24)により止めら
れるので、活性炭(2)の比重が大きいことと相俟って、
活性炭(2)は邪魔板(24)上に落下し、その上面に沿って
下方に転がり落ちる（図２参照）。Even if the activated carbon (2) rises to near the liquid surface due to the function of the activated carbon outflow prevention baffle (24),
Since the activated carbon (2) hits the baffle plate (24) and does not rise further, it is possible to reliably prevent the activated carbon (2) from flowing out from the water outlet (21). Moreover, even if the activated carbon (2) moves above the baffle plate (24), the ascending flow in the vicinity of the water extraction port (21) by the aeration device (4) is stopped by the baffle plate (24). Coupled with the large specific gravity of activated carbon (2),
The activated carbon (2) falls on the baffle plate (24) and rolls downward along its upper surface (see FIG. 2 ).
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】この発明の浄水処理装置の実施形態を示す構成
図である。1 is a block diagram showing an implementation form of water treatment apparatus of the present invention.
【図２】図１のII−II線断面図である。FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG .
【図３】図１の装置のろ過膜ユニットを示す斜視図であ
る。3 is a perspective view showing a filtration membrane unit of the apparatus of FIG.
It
【図４】図１の装置のろ過膜ユニットに組込まれた平膜
モジュールを示す分解斜視図である。4 is a flat membrane incorporated in the filtration membrane unit of the apparatus of FIG .
It is an exploded perspective view showing a module .
【図５】従来の一般的な浄水処理方法を示すフローシー
トである。FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a conventional general water purification method.
It is
【図６】従来の高度浄水処理方法を示すフローシートで
ある。FIG. 6 is a flow sheet showing a conventional advanced water purification method.
There is .
(1) 処理槽 (2) 粒状活性炭 (3) ろ過膜ユニット(4) 曝気装置 (21) 水抜き出し口 (22) 水抜き出し管 (23) 開閉弁 (1) Treatment tank (2) Granular activated carbon (3) Filtration membrane unit (4) Aeration device (21) Water outlet (22) Water outlet pipe (23) Open / close valve
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ Ｃ０２Ｆ 1/44 Ｃ０２Ｆ 1/44 Ｈ 3/10 3/10 Ａ (56)参考文献 特開 平８−57273（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平７−328624（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平６−285496（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平３−238098（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭62−227498（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) C02F 3/02 - 3/12 C02F 1/28 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification code FI C02F 1/44 C02F 1/44 H 3/10 3/10 A (56) References JP-A-8-57273 (JP, A) JP-A-7-328624 (JP, A) JP-A-6-285496 (JP, A) JP-A-3-238098 (JP, A) JP-A-62-127498 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) C02F 3/02-3/12 C02F 1/28
Claims (6)
から上水を得るための浄水処理装置であって、好気性微
生物が付着した粒状活性炭を内蔵する処理槽と、処理槽
内に配置されたろ過膜ユニットと、処理槽内におけるろ
過膜ユニットよりも下方の部分に配置された曝気装置と
を備えており、処理槽の周壁における槽内液の液面より
も若干下方の高さ位置に水抜き出し口が形成され、水抜
き出し口に水抜き出し管が接続され、水抜き出し管に開
閉弁が設けられ、処理槽の周壁における水抜き出し口よ
りも下方の高さ位置に、槽内方に突出した山形の活性炭
流出防止用邪魔板が設けられている浄水処理装置。 1. Raw water such as river water, lake water, pond water, groundwater, etc.
Water purification equipment for obtaining clean water from
A treatment tank that contains granular activated carbon with living organisms attached, and a treatment tank
The filtration membrane unit installed inside the
With an aerator located below the membrane unit
Is equipped with, and from the liquid level of the liquid in the tank on the peripheral wall of the processing tank
Also, a drainage port is formed at a slightly lower height,
The drainage pipe is connected to the outlet, and the drainage pipe is opened.
A valve is provided to prevent water drainage on the peripheral wall of the processing tank.
Mountain-shaped activated carbon that protrudes inward from the tank at a height below
Water purification device equipped with a baffle plate to prevent outflow.
炭原料破砕炭または椰子殻原料破砕炭である請求項１記
載の浄水処理装置。 2. The granular activated carbon is a stone having a particle size of 0.2 to 2 mm.
The crushed charcoal raw material or the coconut shell raw material crushed coal.
The water treatment equipment on board.
が付着した粒径２０〜２００μｍの粉状活性炭を内蔵さ
せておく請求項１または２に記載の浄水処理装置。 3. An aerobic microorganism on the surface of the treatment tank.
Built-in powdered activated carbon with a particle size of 20-200 μm
The water purification apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, which is kept.
平膜の周縁部間に配置された額縁状スペーサよりなる平
膜モジュールを複数備えている請求項１〜３のうちのい
ずれかに記載の浄水処理装置。 4. A filtration membrane unit comprising two flat membranes and both.
A flat plate composed of frame-shaped spacers arranged between the peripheral portions of the flat film.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a plurality of membrane modules.
The water purification device described in somewhere.
の浄水処理装置。 5. The flat membrane is a microfiltration membrane.
Water purification equipment.
び易沈降物を沈降分離させる分離槽を配置しておくこと
を特徴とする請求項１〜５のうちのいずれかに記載の浄
水処理装置。6. A coarse material in raw water and a large amount of raw material are provided on the upstream side of the treatment tank.
A separation tank for sedimentation and separation of sediment
The purified water treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5 .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15695997A JP3491125B2 (en) | 1996-07-11 | 1997-06-13 | Water treatment equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18228496 | 1996-07-11 | ||
| JP8-182284 | 1996-07-11 | ||
| JP9-71089 | 1997-03-25 | ||
| JP7108997 | 1997-03-25 | ||
| JP15695997A JP3491125B2 (en) | 1996-07-11 | 1997-06-13 | Water treatment equipment |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002259957A Division JP2003094056A (en) | 1996-07-11 | 2002-09-05 | Method and apparatus for treating purified water |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10323683A JPH10323683A (en) | 1998-12-08 |
| JP3491125B2 true JP3491125B2 (en) | 2004-01-26 |
Family
ID=27300536
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15695997A Expired - Fee Related JP3491125B2 (en) | 1996-07-11 | 1997-06-13 | Water treatment equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3491125B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002113484A (en) * | 2000-10-10 | 2002-04-16 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Water cleaning treatment method and apparatus therefor |
| JP4421256B2 (en) | 2003-10-06 | 2010-02-24 | 月島機械株式会社 | Filtration unit, method for installing the filtration unit, and filtration device |
| EP2234928A4 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2013-09-25 | Saudi Arabian Oil Co | Suspended media granular activated carbon membrane biological reactor system and process |
| TWI568687B (en) | 2009-06-15 | 2017-02-01 | 沙烏地阿拉伯油品公司 | Suspended media membrane biological reactor system and process including suspension system and multiple biological reactor zones |
| AU2010271392C1 (en) | 2009-07-08 | 2016-06-30 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Wastewater treatment system and process including irradiation of primary solids |
| CA2764112C (en) | 2009-07-08 | 2018-01-16 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Low concentration wastewater treatment system and process |
| JP6027163B2 (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-11-16 | 阪神水道企業団 | Water purification equipment |
| CN111235215A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-06-05 | 南通鑫铭环保技术有限公司 | Circulating contact type air microorganism detection method applied to hospital |
-
1997
- 1997-06-13 JP JP15695997A patent/JP3491125B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10323683A (en) | 1998-12-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP3491122B2 (en) | Water treatment equipment | |
| JP4492268B2 (en) | Biological treatment equipment | |
| JP3491125B2 (en) | Water treatment equipment | |
| JPH10109095A (en) | Water purifying treatment device | |
| KR20070012971A (en) | Purifying system of excretions using microorganism | |
| JPH0679272A (en) | Device for production of pure water | |
| JP2008221133A (en) | Wastewater treatment equipment | |
| JP2003290784A (en) | Iron and manganese remover and method for the same | |
| JP3263267B2 (en) | Septic tank | |
| CN214654276U (en) | Filler-reinforced domestic sewage treatment system | |
| JP3972406B2 (en) | 厨 芥 Processing device | |
| CN211170054U (en) | Microbial film high efficiency processing device | |
| JP2000197895A (en) | Water purifying treatment method and apparatus | |
| JP3496115B2 (en) | Filtration membrane cleaning method in membrane filtration type water purification equipment | |
| JP2002113484A (en) | Water cleaning treatment method and apparatus therefor | |
| JP2003094056A (en) | Method and apparatus for treating purified water | |
| JP3864301B2 (en) | Water purification equipment | |
| JP4335193B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for treating organic wastewater | |
| JPH0710384B2 (en) | Sewage treatment equipment | |
| JP4124957B2 (en) | Filter body washing method and apparatus | |
| CN115974305B (en) | Integrated membrane method water treatment system and treatment method | |
| CN215559621U (en) | Potential energy membrane filtration water purifying device | |
| JP2003010897A (en) | Excretion treatment apparatus and method | |
| JP2003170144A (en) | Garbage disposal system | |
| JPH04354595A (en) | Sewage treating equipment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20030924 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20081114 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20091114 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20091114 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101114 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111114 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |