JP3489933B2 - Gas pressure type water supply system for fire extinguishing and fire extinguishing method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is an apparatus for sending a large amount of water in a pressure water tank in a short time by using a high pressure gas sealed in a pressure vessel at a high pressure. In the technical field to which the invention belongs, a pressurized water supply device for fire fighting equipment, a pressurized water supply device used for emergency removal of chemicals in an accident at a chemical facility, cooling, etc., combined use with emergency drinking water and fire fighting water It was developed for the purpose of protecting human life and property from fire and accident by using it in a pressurized water supply device in an emergency or emergency.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there are three types of pressurized water supply systems for indoor fire hydrant equipment, outdoor fire hydrant equipment, and sprinkler equipment, which are based on the Fire Service Law: an elevated water tank system, a pressure water tank system, and a pump system. The elevated water tank system is a system in which a water tank is installed at a high position to obtain water pressure. The pressure water tank system is a system in which compressed air is enclosed in water in the pressure water tank by a compressor or the like to obtain water pressure. The pump system is a system in which a pump is rotated by power of an electric motor or an engine to obtain water pressure.

Looking at the characteristics of these three methods, the elevated water tank method requires the water tank to be placed at a high position and the installation location is limited, but no power is required, and the equipment is mainly the water tank and piping, and there are few failures. It is mainly used for shrines and temples with important cultural properties because it can obtain stable water pressure.

In the pressure water tank system, about 2/3 of the volume of the container is filled with water in the water tank of the pressure container, and the remaining volume is filled with compressed air to obtain the water pressure. An air compressor that can automatically pressurize when the pressure drops is provided, but it is not intended to compensate for the large pressure drop due to water discharge, but the pressure drop due to normal air leaks, water leaks, etc. It was a facility assuming. For this reason, the pressure in the water tank decreases with water discharge, so that the pressure of the first compressed air becomes three times or more the necessary discharge pressure.
From the above, the pressure resistance of the water tank is 3 times or more the discharge pressure, and the water tank volume is 1.5 times the required amount of water. Since the water tank becomes large and heavy, and the service pressure of connected equipment also becomes high, this method is rarely used at present.

The pump system is a system for obtaining a water pressure by rotating the pump by using the power of an electric motor or an engine. However, if there is a power source, a pump and water, water can be continuously supplied for a long period of time. Since various water tanks made of resin, metal, concrete, etc. can be used as the water tank, most of the current facilities are of this type.
The mainstream of fire fighting equipment is a combination of an electric motor and a pump that uses electricity as a power source in this method.
In addition, since this method uses electricity, it is obliged to add equipment such as dedicated power receiving equipment and emergency power generation equipment in consideration of the influence of power failure.

[0006]

Considering the conventional pressurized water supply system, the elevated water tank system has few failures, but it requires a place to secure a high position, so it is excluded except for special cases such as cultural assets. Is generally difficult to use. As mentioned above, the pressure water tank system requires a water tank volume that is 1.5 times or more the required water volume.
The pressure resistance of the pressure vessel and the pressure resistance of the connected equipment were up to about three times higher than the required water discharge pressure, and it was generally difficult to use. The pump method is the most popular method at present, and because of its various advantages, it was an important method as a pressurized water supply device for fire fighting equipment and emergency water supply equipment. Therefore, it has been the mainstream of pressurized water supply equipment for emergency and fire fighting for many years.

However, the greatest weakness of this pump system is that it mainly uses electricity. Therefore, it cannot be used during a power outage, and an emergency power generation facility must be added. However, this emergency power generation facility also has a complicated structure and a large number of components. As a result, the failure rate becomes high, so sufficient inspection is required, and the inspection technique is also required to be sophisticated. Even during the unfortunate event of the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995, there was a report that this power supply was damaged and could not be used because there was no cooling water for the emergency power supply when switching to the emergency power supply due to a power outage. It was

As described above, if the conventional equipment mainly using electricity is used, if a fire occurs in the event of a power failure due to an earthquake, typhoon, or other reasons, there are few facilities that can be used. The damage to people's lives and property due to the fire is expected to be enormous.

Since the conventional pressurized water supply apparatus has the above-mentioned drawbacks and is a reliable apparatus, the problems to be solved by the present invention will be described below. I. Do not use electricity for the main equipment related to water supply. B. The device is simple and easy to handle. C. There are few breakdowns and it works stably for a long time. D. It effectively functions in the event of a fire and does not damage the human body or animals and plants. E. Installation is easy, there is no limit to the installation location, and the installation area is small. F. It should be able to handle a wide range of small to large flow rates, low water pressure to high water pressure, and various fire protection objects, and have a fire-extinguishing capacity that exceeds the capacity specified by the current Fire Defense Law. G. The difference between the hydrostatic pressure and the water pressure at the rated flow rate should not be large.
The change in water pressure due to the change in flow rate should be small. J. There is no malfunction due to vibration such as an earthquake or external pressure.

[0010]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention uses the pressure energy of the high-pressure gas enclosed in the high-pressure container to supply water. The basic device is as shown in Fig. 1, and the high pressure vessel (1)
High pressure gas. Pressure regulator (3). Pressure water tank (8). Of 3
One is the main equipment. FIG. 7 is a system diagram of a device to which various additional devices are attached based on this basic device. The means for solving the problems will be described below in accordance with the above-mentioned items to be solved by the present invention.

In order to solve the problem that electricity is not used in the main device related to water supply, the present invention uses the pressure energy of high-pressure gas as the energy for water supply.
Achieved the purpose.

To solve the problem that the device is simple and easy to handle, the gas of the high-pressure vessel, the pressure regulator, the pressure water tank, and a combination of these three can be used for water supply, and a pressure regulator for setting the only water supply pressure is also installed. Since it is only set at the time, the device is simple and easy to handle.

To solve the problem that there are few failures and stable operation for a long period of time, the device of the present invention uses rotating machines, priming devices, electric equipment, emergency power generation equipment, etc., which have many failures. It achieves its purpose by being a stationary device with few failures.

[0014] able to demonstrate effectively function in the event of a fire, and to the stomach <br/> cormorant problem, poor function of the many power outages at the time of an earthquake or disaster, by such failure in the case of using the failure of large rotating machines The purpose is achieved because there are very few malfunctions. As for the fact that there is no damage to the human body or plants and animals, there is no rotating machine, there is no injury by touching rotating parts, and high-pressure gas that is an energy source also has nitrogen , helium, and
Achieves nearly object by using an inert gas Gon, when using gas is Ru is air at the same time as the completion of the water supply, to be considered even suffocation from the gas, in the present invention, immediately before the end of the water supply By adding a device that closes the main pipe with a shut-off valve provided in the main water supply pipe, the purpose is eliminated by eliminating the danger to the human body.

The problem that the installation is simple, the installation place is not limited, and the installation area is small is different from the conventional water tank, that is, the effective water amount can be almost the same as the water tank volume. The aquarium becomes smaller. Also, since a sturdy pressure water tank is used, it can be stored indoors, outdoors, under the floor,
It is assumed that it will be buried in the ground and various installation places, and by making each device a unit type that is directly fixed to the pressure water tank or burying the pressure water tank, the installation area can be reduced and the installation space can be effectively used. .

For the problem of being able to cope with various fire protection objects such as low flow rate to high flow rate and low water pressure to high water pressure, the gas circuit pipes and equipment must be installed so that a large flow rate can be flown. Thick, large capacity, high pressure compressed gas, large instantaneous flow rate,
Etc. achieved the purpose. A low water pressure to a high water pressure load can be easily handled by the present invention, and each head load can be handled only by adjusting the set pressure of the pressure regulator. The conventional pump cannot change the pumping height, and it has to be replaced. For that reason, the electric equipment must be changed, which requires a great deal of labor and money. However, the change in the lifting height occurs after the installation, such as building expansion. In the device of the present invention, when the head changes, the setting value of the pressure regulator is only reset, but if there is a shortage of gas with it, the purpose can be achieved by adding gas. .

To solve the problems that the difference between the hydrostatic pressure and the water pressure at the rated flow rate is not large, and that the change in the water pressure due to the change in the flow rate is small, piping or pipes are used to reduce the pressure loss in the gas passage. Make the device thicker. The purpose was achieved by using a pressure regulator with a large capacity and a small pressure loss. FIG. 17 is a performance test table of a gas pressure type pressurized water supply apparatus with an effective water amount of 6000 l in the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the difference between the hydrostatic pressure and the constant flow rate is 1.5 Kgf / cm.
Less in about ^2, but for conventional pressure water tank system, to this difference becomes 12 kgf / cm ² or more, was difficult to use.

In order to deal with vibrations such as earthquakes and malfunctions due to external pressure, a pressure vessel is used for the water tank. Therefore, the pressure tank is strong against internal pressure and external pressure. By using a unit system in which each device is attached, the device itself is resistant to vibration. But,
If the piping inside the building is damaged, water will be discharged unnecessarily, so a device for opening the main water pipe only after receiving a start signal from the outside is also added. That is why the combination of the shut-off valve (13) and the activation signal (26) of FIG. 7 is present.

The most important one of the gas pressure type pressurized water supply apparatus of the present invention is gas. It is of no use without gas. Therefore, in order to prevent the gas from being released, various considerations have been made, such as making the piping of the gas circuit a welded joint as much as possible and adopting durable parts. However, if the air still leaks, the pressure gauge with lower limit contact (6) gives an alarm as shown in FIG.

As described above, great consideration is given to leakage. However, since it cannot be said that there is no effect of air leaks, the following equipment is added to the pressurized water supply system of the fire fighting facility, which is an emergency, as shown in Fig. 7, and The water supply system is not affected.
Explaining briefly in FIG. 7, the high-pressure gas container connected to the collecting pipe is shut off by the container valve for all containers except the pilot cylinder (1A), and is not ventilated with the collecting pipe. Air leaks from these containers are rare. Normally, a pilot cylinder (1A) is passed through the gas pipe path to fill the pressure water tank (8) with gas. In this way, the equipment is always ready to send water, but in the event of air leaks, an alarm is issued when the pressure gauge with contacts (7A) is detected. In the case of water supply by the start of water discharge, a pressure gauge with contacts (7
The electromagnetic valve unit (2A) is activated by the signal of the detection of the contact on the low pressure side of (A), gas is sent to the circuit of the container valve opener (3A), and all container valves are opened. In consideration of the malfunction due to the failure of the electric circuit of this solenoid valve, when the pressure applied to the valve chamber of this solenoid valve becomes less than a certain pressure, the force of the spring is used to The valve opening circuit is vented to open all container valves. With this double opening system, the container valve can be surely opened when necessary. The operation of the solenoid valve unit (2A) will be described with reference to FIGS. In the figure, the vent (37), the vent (3
8) is connected to the collecting pipe. The vent (39) connects to the container valve opener. When the pressure in the collecting pipe is high, the valve chamber (3
The pressure in 3) is also high, pushing the valve stem (34) to the right and closing the passage of the vent (39). FIG. 18 shows the state. When the coil (31) of the solenoid valve is energized, the valve stem moves to the left, the passages of the vent (38) and the vent (39) are opened, pressure is applied to the container valve opener, and the container is opened. Open the valve. Even if the coil (31) is not energized due to a failure of the electric circuit, if the pressure in the valve chamber falls below the force of the spring (35), the valve stem moves to the left,
The vent (38) and vent (39) are opened to open the container valve. FIG. 19 shows the state.

[0021]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention constituted by the above means will be described with reference to FIG. High-pressure gas container (1). (1A). To the collecting pipe (2). Since the gas of the other containers except the pilot cylinder (1A) is closed in the path by the container valve, the collecting pipe is filled only with the gas of the pilot cylinder (1A).
This high-pressure gas passes through the sluice valve (4) and then the pressure regulator (3).
But is reduced to the working pressure here, and is introduced into the pressure water tank (8) through the sluice valve (5) and the pipe (7).

The water having the water pressure obtained by the pressure of the gas introduced into the pressure water tank passes through the main water supply pipe (10) and passes through the check valve (1
1) The main water shutoff valve (12) and the shutoff valve (13) are used to fill the water pipe. In order to prevent wasteful water discharge due to breakage of the external pipe, in this figure, the shutoff valve is automatically opened when the external start signal (26) is received, and the main water pipe is shut off at other times. When the start signal is received and the solenoid valve (20) energized by the control panel is actuated, the shut-off valve (13) is opened by letting the shut-off valve vent gas. Since the main valve (12) is always open, the shutoff valve (13) is opened and water is supplied.

The decrease in pressure due to the water supply is detected by the pressure gauge with contacts (7A), and the solenoid valve unit (2A) is operated by the electricity increased by the control panel (23) to open the container valve opener (3A). ) Vent the piping to release the remaining gas in the container. When the water in the pressure water tank is near the end, the water level detection element (9) detects this and activates the shutoff valve (13) to end the water supply. By shutting off the water supply by this shutoff valve, high-pressure gas is not released to the outside.

The test pipe (17) is made of a combination of a flow meter and a sluice valve for testing the performance of the device. In addition, water supply valve (15) for water supply,
Check valve (16), drain valve (25) for drainage, exhaust valve (21) for exhaust, safety valve (2) for releasing abnormal pressure
2), a pressure gauge (19) for measuring water pressure, a water level gauge, etc. are provided.

The operation of the control board will be described below. A water reduction signal is received from the water level detection element (9), "water reduction" is displayed, and an alarm is issued. B. A pressure drop signal and a pressure rise signal in the pressure water tank are received from the contact pressure gauge (18), displayed, and an alarm is issued. C. Receives the pressure drop signal from the contact pressure gauge (7A),
"High-pressure gas leak" is displayed and an alarm is issued. D. When a water shortage signal is received from the water level detection element (9), the water shortage is displayed and an alarm is issued, and the solenoid valve (20) is operated to shut off the shutoff valve (13). "Block" when the block is completed
Is displayed. E. An abnormal pressure drop signal is received from the pressure gauge with contacts (7A), the solenoid valve unit (2A) is activated, and all the gas is discharged from the container. F. Normally, the circuit is operated with a DC voltage that rectifies AC into DC, but in the event of a power failure, the internal emergency battery is used to switch the operation of the circuit. G. An alarm stop circuit is provided, and an alarm transfer circuit is provided.

[0026]

[Exemplary Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a system diagram of this embodiment. The system diagram is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, where FIG. 2 is a front view and FIG. 3 is a side view. As shown in the figure, this device is a basic device, and is a pressurized water-supplying device having a relatively small capacity for homes and apartments. Nitrogen gas of 7,000 l is used as the high-pressure gas, and the performance is such that the effective water supply amount is 1000 l and the water supply pressure is 4 Kgf / cm ² . Since the amount of gas used is small, shut-off valves, test pipes, and control panels are added as needed, and are not always provided, making the equipment simple and easy to handle. FIG. 15 is a performance test table of this device.

An embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6. 4, 5, and 6 are respectively a front view and a rear view of the embodiment,
It is a right side view. Since it was designed to meet the specifications of No. 2 fire hydrant specified by the Fire Service Act, the effective water volume is 3000 liters,
Water supply pressure 6 Kgf / cm ² , rated flow rate 140 l / min
The system diagram is shown in FIG. Nitrogen 7000 for high pressure gas
The performance as shown in FIG. 16 is obtained by using 5 l. This system consists of a container valve for the high-pressure container (1), a gate valve (4),
(5) is in an open state, and water pressure is constantly applied to the water. Since both the main water shutoff valve (12) and the shutoff valve (13) connected to the main water supply pipe (10) are open, water discharge is started only by opening the fire hydrant valve at the end. Immediately before the end of water, the shutoff valve (13) is operated to shut off the release of nitrogen gas.

FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 show a front view, a rear view and a right side view of the embodiment. The system diagram is the same as in FIG.
In this embodiment, the high-pressure container is directly fixed to the side surface of the pressure water tank, like the above-mentioned 3000 l type embodiment. The control panel and other equipment are all fixed to the water tank, so even if there is vibration, no load is applied to the connection between the equipment. The example is designed so as to correspond to the specifications of the pressurized water supply device for No. 1 fire hydrant of the Fire Service Act, and the effective amount of water is 6000.
1, water supply pressure 6 kgf / cm ² , rated flow rate 300 l / m
in. The performance is as shown in FIG.

FIG. 7, FIG. 12, FIG. 13, and FIG. 14 show a system diagram, a top view, a front view, and a left side view of the embodiment. This system diagram is cited as an explanatory diagram in the section of the embodiment of the invention. This embodiment is different from the previous example in that the pilot cylinder (1
A) is provided. The action is as described above, but the advantage of this method is that the leak does not spread to all the containers.
This means that all containers can be reliably opened when needed. Also, the gas passage is constantly under pressure, and leaks are constantly monitored. As shown in FIGS. 12, 13 and 14, in this embodiment, the equipment is integrated on the upper surface of the water tank so that the installation area is small and the equipment can be stored under the floor.

[0030]

The present invention is constructed as described above,
Since no electricity is used to send water, the following effects are achieved.

Even in the case of a fire at the time of a power failure, which is often the case of an earthquake or a disaster, the function can be exerted regardless of the power failure and the fire fighting can be performed.

Since electric equipment for power is not required, neither dedicated power receiving equipment nor emergency power generating equipment is required.

The water supply pressure can be freely changed by adjusting the pressure regulator. It can handle a wide range of flow rates.

Since it is a stationary device, there are few failures, the change in water supply pressure is small, and the state of water at the time of water discharge does not pulsate.

Since water is sent at the pressure of gas, there is no need for priming as in the pump system, and there is no water supply failure due to irrigation failure or the like, and reliability is high.

Since the pressure water tank, the gas container, and other devices can be integrated, the device is strong against earthquake vibration.

By integrating the device, the device becomes compact and can be stored under the floor so that the installation area is small and the installation place is neat.

By using an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, there is almost no decay of water in the water tank or corrosion of the tank, piping, etc., so that it can also be used as an emergency drinking water storage or water supply device.

Since the apparatus can be constructed by embedding the pressure water tank in a single body, the space may be small. Also, it does not spoil the aesthetics.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an example.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing an example.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing an example.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a rear view of the embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a right side view of the example.

FIG. 7 is a system diagram of an example.

FIG. 8 is a front view of the example.

FIG. 9 is a rear view of the example.

FIG. 10 is a left side view of the example.

FIG. 11 is a system diagram of an example.

FIG. 12 is a top view of the example.

FIG. 13 is a front view of the example.

FIG. 14 is a left side view of the example.

FIG. 15 is a performance test diagram of an example.

FIG. 16 is a performance test diagram of an example.

FIG. 17 is a performance test diagram of an example.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view of an example.

FIG. 19 is a sectional view of an example.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 High-pressure gas container 1A High-pressure gas container (pilot cylinder) 2 Collecting pipe 2A Solenoid valve unit 3 Pressure regulator 3A Container valve opener 4, 5, 12, 15 Gate valve 4A Manual opening bracket 6,18 Pressure gauge with contact 5A Partition Valve 7 Piping 6A Gate valve 8 Pressure water tank 7A Pressure gauge with contact 9 Water level detector 10 Main water pipe 11 Check valve 31 Coil 13 Shutoff valve 32 Excitation core 14 Flexible pipe 33 Valve chamber 16 Water check valve 34 Valve rod 17 Piping for test 35 Spring 19 Pressure gauge 36 Adjustment screw 20 Solenoid valve 37, 38, 39
Vent 21 Exhaust valve 40 Leak hole 22 Safety valve 41 Valve body A 23 Control panel 42 Valve body B 24 Water level gauge 25 Drain valve 26 External signal

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B01J 4/00-4/02 A62C 39/00 E03B 1/00 F16K 31/06

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. Nitrogen and helium in a high-pressure gas container (1)
And a gas selected from argon , a pressure regulator (3)
Under reduced pressure to operating pressure introduced to the pressure water tank (8) through a pipe (7) at this pressure added to the water in the pressure water tank by the pressure of the gas, fire extinguishing gas pressure pressurizing you water in fire prevention object In the pressure water supply device , its tip is near the bottom of the pressure water tank.
The water level detecting element (9) reaching
Immediately before the end of water, the shutoff valve (1
3) is activated and the main water supply pipe (10) is closed to end the water supply.
A gas pressure type pressurized water supply device for fire extinguishing. 2. The gas pressure type pressurized water supply device according to claim 1, which is used in combination with emergency drinking water and fire fighting water. 3. Nitrogen and helium in the high pressure gas container (1) in a state where the water supply pipe connected to the pressure water tank (8) is cut off.
And a gas selected from argon , a pressure regulator (3)
It was introduced into the pressure water tank (8) by vacuum in the operating pressure through the pipe (7) at a pressure added to the water in the pressure water tank by the pressure of this gas and then have rows water by opening the water supply tube, feeding
Immediately before the end of water, the shutoff valve (1
The main water pipe (10) is closed by 3)
Extinguishing method.