JP3487607B2 - Solid oxide fuel cell power reactor - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power generation furnace using a solid oxide fuel cell.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A solid oxide fuel cell has a solid electrolyte such as yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) or calcia-stabilized zirconia (CSZ) sandwiched between, for example, an air electrode made of a perovskite-type lanthanum composite compound and nickel. A fuel electrode as a main component is provided, and an electromotive force is obtained by electrochemically reacting air and fuel gas which flow toward each of the electrodes with a solid electrolyte. In this type of fuel cell, it is necessary to separate the fuel gas flow path and the air flow path into an airtight state.
For example, there is known one in which a solid electrolyte is formed in a cylindrical shape, and electric power is obtained by a cylindrical single cell in which the electrodes are provided on the inner and outer surfaces thereof. In this case, since the electric power obtained by a single cell is small, a plurality of cylindrical stacks having one or more single cells are arranged in the casing, and these are electrically connected in series or parallel or in series-parallel. A power generation furnace that is adapted to obtain electric power is common.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a power generation furnace containing a plurality of stacks. Reference numeral 1 in the figure denotes a casing forming the outer surface of the power generation furnace. A fuel gas partition plate 2 and an air partition plate 3 are attached to the inside of the casing 1, and the interior of the casing 1 has three upper and lower parts. Room, that is, first fuel gas chamber 4, second fuel gas chamber 5 and air chamber 6
It is divided into The first fuel gas chamber 4 is provided with a fuel gas supply hole 4a for supplying a fuel gas for power generation,
The second fuel gas chamber 5 is provided with a fuel gas discharge hole 5a for discharging the used fuel gas. Further, the air chamber 6 is provided with an air supply hole 6a for supplying air for power generation and an air discharge hole 6b for discharging the used air.

Reference numeral 7 in the drawing denotes a stack positioned vertically in the air chamber 6, and this stack 7 is a cylinder in which an air electrode is formed on the outer surface side of a cylindrical solid electrolyte and a fuel electrode is formed on the inner surface side. The unit cell 8 and the insulating guide portion 9 provided on the upper end side of the unit cell 8 have a cylindrical shape with the upper portion opened and the lower portion closed. The stack 7 is supported by the air partition plate 3 with the upper open end side guide portion 9 penetrating the air partition plate 3 and facing the second fuel gas chamber 5 side, and the lower closed end side of the stack 7 is heated. For expansion and absorption, the casing 1 is positioned in a state of being separated from the bottom plate 1a forming the air chamber 6 by a certain distance. The fuel gas partition plate 2 is provided in the stack 7.
A fuel gas introduction pipe 10 extending downward through the fuel cell is inserted up to the vicinity of the closed end thereof, and a fuel gas flow passage 11 is provided between the fuel gas introduction pipe 10 facing the fuel electrode of the unit cell 8 and the stack 7. And the air flow path 12 is formed in the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface of the stack 7 facing the air electrode of the single cell 8.

Further, in order to take out electric power from the stack 7, each unit cell 8 is provided on the side of the second fuel gas chamber 5 of the air partition plate 3.
A first lead 13 which is electrically connected to the fuel electrode side of the stack 7, and a second lead 14 which is electrically connected to the air electrode of each unit cell 8 is provided in the air chamber 6 below the stack 7. Are these first and second leads 13, 14
Are electrically connected in parallel with each other.

The fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply hole 4a into the first fuel gas chamber 4 is introduced into the fuel gas passage 11 in the stack 7 through the fuel gas introduction pipe 10, and the air supply hole 6a. When the air supplied into the air chamber 6 is introduced into the air flow path 12 outside the stack 7, oxygen in the air and the fuel gas electrochemically react with each other via the solid electrolyte in the single cell 8. Then, an electromotive force is generated in this single cell 8, and desired power is taken out from the plurality of stacks 7 via the first and second leads 13 and 14. Then, the used fuel gas is collected in the second fuel gas chamber 5 and then discharged to the outside through the fuel gas discharge hole 5a, and the used air is discharged through the air discharge hole 6b of the air chamber 6. It is discharged to the outside.

[0007]

However, in the above power generation furnace, the electrochemical reaction through the solid electrolyte is carried out at a high temperature of about 1000 ° C., and the air chamber 6 becomes a high temperature oxidizing atmosphere. The second lead 14 arranged in the chamber 6 is easily oxidized and corroded, its life is short, and there is a disadvantage that electric power cannot be stably taken out from this power generation furnace. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, it is conceivable that the closed end side of each stack 7 is projected from the air chamber 6 into the separate chamber 15 and the second lead 14 is disposed outside the air chamber 6. However, even in this case, a gap 16 is provided between the bottom plate 1a of the air chamber 6 and the stack 7 in order to release the thermal expansion of the stack 7.
However, there is a disadvantage that air leaks into the separate chamber 15 through the gap 16 and the second lead 14 is corroded by high temperature oxidation.

Also, as shown in FIG.
The single cell 8 is electrically connected to the cylindrical solid electrolyte 8a, the air electrode 8b arranged inside thereof, the fuel electrode 8c arranged outside thereof, and the air electrode 8b, and is projected outward. And the fuel electrodes 8c of the unit cells 8 of the stacks 7 that are adjacent to each other in the front-rear direction are connected by the conductive felt 17 that serves as a lead. In the case of a power generation furnace in which the fuel electrodes 8c of the unit cells 8 are connected to each other by the conductive felt 17 that also serves as a lead, if the fuel gas is flowed outside the stack 7, the conductive felt 17 that serves as a lead is oxidized at high temperature. It is not exposed to the atmosphere and the above-mentioned corrosion due to high temperature oxidation of the lead does not occur.

However, in such a power generation furnace, it is necessary to provide the conductive felt 17 serving as a lead outside the unit cell 8, which leads to an increase in size of the power generation furnace and a reduction in power density per volume. It causes the inconvenience of leaving.
Further, although the conductive felt 17 is made of nickel or the like, it has a disadvantage that its resistance is relatively high and its properties change due to sintering at a high temperature.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the solid-electrolyte fuel cell in which the leads for extracting electric power are not exposed to a high temperature oxidizing atmosphere and the output density thereof is not lowered. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a power generation reactor.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fuel electrode exposed on the inner peripheral surface on the inner peripheral side sandwiching a solid electrolyte and on the outer peripheral surface on the outer peripheral side. in the solid electrolyte type fuel cell power generation furnace air electrode exposed comprises a plurality of Sells tack having a cylindrical-shaped single cells provided, the one of the pair of leads for power take-out from the previous SL Sells tack provided at one end of this Sells touch <br/> click to connect to the air electrode, and the other of said leads, are closed in the cell stack
Was co when connected to the fuel electrode at the other end portion side, that
It pulled out to the one end side through the inside of Sells tack, but further previous SL Sells tack is characterized in that it is fixed in the one end.

Further, in the present invention, the fuel gas introducing pipe made of a conductive material is inserted into the cell stack closed on the other end side, and the inner end is on the closed part side of the stack.
It may have a structure in which the connected to the fuel electrode serves as the other of rie de.

[0013]

[Action] is a cylindrical shape as a whole Sells tack of the invention, of the need to introduce the fuel gas therein, one end always is open, the other end being closed
It On the other hand, when taking out the power from one single cell or two or more unit cells connected in series with each other in the longitudinal direction of Sells tack, fuel in the air electrode and the other end side inner surface of the one end side outer surface of Sells tack electrode A pair of leads may be connected to and. In this case, one of the leads connected to the one end side outer surface of the Sells tack, it is possible to dispose the fuel gas chamber side, the other lead connected to the other end side inner surface of the Sells tack fuel out Ru is washed away
Since it disposed Sells the tack, it is disposed in not high temperature reducing atmosphere of fear of hot corrosion both pair of leads.

Further, in the case of a power generation furnace in which the other end side of the stack is closed and the fuel gas introducing pipe is inserted inside the stack, the fuel gas introducing pipe is made of a conductive material, and the tip portion thereof is By connecting to the inner surface of the closed portion on the other end side of the stack, this fuel gas introducing pipe can also serve as a lead.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a solid oxide fuel cell power generation reactor which is an embodiment of the present invention, and the basic configuration of this power generation reactor is the same as that shown in FIG.

That is, in this power generation furnace, a plurality of stacks 7 in each of which a single cell 8 is formed are supported by penetrating an air partition plate 3 on the side of an upper guide portion 9 thereof, and on the closed end side of the lower portion of the casing 1. Is positioned in the air chamber 6 in a state of being separated from the bottom plate 1a by a certain distance for thermal expansion absorption. Then, the upper end side thereof penetrates the fuel gas partition plate 2 to
A fuel gas introducing pipe 10 opened to the fuel gas chamber 4 is inserted into the stack 7 through the second fuel gas chamber 5, and a fuel gas flow passage 12 is formed between the fuel gas introducing pipe 10 and the stack 7. At the same time, an air passage 11 is formed in the air chamber 6 near the outer periphery of the stack 7. The first fuel gas chamber 4 is provided with a fuel gas supply hole 4a, the second fuel gas chamber 5 is provided with a fuel gas discharge hole 5a, and the air chamber 6 is provided with an air supply hole 6a and an air discharge hole 6b. .

FIG. 2 shows a vertical cross section of the stack 7 and the like. The unit cell 8 is a cylindrical solid electrolyte 8a, a cylindrical air electrode 8b formed on the outer surface side of the solid electrolyte 8a, and the solid electrolyte 8a. Cylindrical fuel electrode 8 formed on the inner surface side of the
It is shown to be composed of c and.

Now, in this embodiment, the second partition of the air partition plate 3 is
A conductive first lead 20 made of, for example, nickel is attached to the fuel gas chamber 5 side.
Is connected to the air electrode 8b of the unit cell 8 disposed on the outer surface of the upper end portion side of each stack 7 through the guide portion 9, and the inside of the first fuel gas chamber 4 is also the same. A conductive second lead 21 made of, for example, nickel is provided, and the connecting portion 21a of the second lead 21 is inserted into the stack 7 through the inside of the fuel gas introducing pipe 10 to form each stack 7 Is connected to the fuel electrode 8c of the unit cell 8 arranged on the inner surface of the lower end side of the. Therefore, the single cells 8 of the stack 7 provided in plural in the power generation furnace are connected to each other in parallel by the first and second leads 20 and 21,
Electric power is taken out through the first and second leads 20 and 21. The fuel gas introducing pipe 10 is made of an insulating material.

In the structure described above, the first lead 20 is the second lead.
The second lead 21 is provided in the fuel gas chamber 5 and in the guide portion 9 so as not to come into contact with air, and is provided in the stack 7 via the first fuel gas chamber 4 and the fuel gas introducing pipe 10. It does not come into contact with air. Therefore, even if the temperature inside the power generation furnace becomes high, the first and second leads 20 and 21 are in a high-temperature reducing atmosphere containing a large amount of hydrogen gas and the like, and are not in a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere, so that they are not easily corroded at high temperature. Without the first and second leads 20, 21
The life of the can be maintained for a long time.

Further, in particular, since the second lead 21 is arranged inside the stack 7 rather than outside, the power generation furnace does not become large, and the power density per volume can be improved. . Further, since the nickel material can be used as it is for the first and second leads 20 and 21, there is no possibility that the property is changed by sintering like a conductive felt and the resistance is increased.

In the above embodiment, the case where the stack 7 has one unit cell 8 has been described, but as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of unit cells 8 are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the stack 7 via the interconnector 22. The same can be applied to the power generation furnaces connected in series. That is, the air electrode on the outer surface side of the unit cell 8 at the upper end of the stack 7 is connected to the first lead 20, and the fuel electrode on the inner surface side of the unit cell 8 at the lower end of the stack 7 is connected to the second lead 21. If so, the same effect can be obtained.

As shown in FIG. 4, one end of the second lead 21 is at the lower end of the stack 7 in the unit cell 8 in which the one end of the stack 7 is not closed and is opened.
The same effect can be obtained by connecting to the fuel electrode on the inner surface side.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a solid oxide fuel cell power generation reactor which is another embodiment of the present invention. In this power generation reactor, the fuel gas introducing pipe 10 is made of a conductive material, and the inner end of the fuel gas introducing pipe 10 is connected to the fuel electrode 8c on the inner surface of the closed portion on the lower end side of the stack 7 to form the fuel gas introducing pipe. 10 has a function as a connecting portion 21a of the second lead 21, and the main portion of the second lead 21 is arranged on the fuel gas partition plate 2. In this case, the fuel gas introduction pipe 1
An opening 10a for discharging the fuel gas to the fuel gas passage 11 side is formed in the vicinity of the connection portion of the cell stack 7 of No. 0. The rest of the configuration is the same as in the previous embodiment.

In the structure described above, the main portion of the second lead 21 and the connecting portion 21a thereof as well as the first lead 20 are formed.
Since the fuel gas introduction pipe 10 that fulfills the function of (1) is in a high temperature reducing atmosphere, it is not oxidized and corroded, and its life can be maintained for a long time. Further, in this embodiment, since the fuel gas introducing pipe 10 has a function as the connecting portion 21a of the second lead 21, the structure inside the stack 7 is simplified, and the size and cost of the power generation furnace are reduced. be able to. The stack 7 may of course have a plurality of unit cells 8 shown in FIG.

[0025]

According to apparent this invention from the above description, each of the pair of leads for drawing current to the outside, at its one end by utilizing the internal cylindrical stack since there can be a pulled out state, will it possible to place them leads away from high temperature oxidation atmosphere, or a high temperature atmosphere, as a result, it is possible to extend the life of the lead. In addition, since one of the pair of leads is arranged on one end side of the stack and the other is arranged on the inner side of the stack, the leads are arranged on the outer side of the stack like a conventional power generation furnace using a conductive felt. It is possible to reduce the size of the power generation furnace by that much,
It is possible to improve the power density of the power generation furnace per unit volume.

Further, in the case of a stack in which the other end is closed, if the fuel gas introducing pipe arranged inside also serves as a lead, the power reactor can be downsized and the cost can be reduced accordingly.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a solid oxide fuel cell power plant which is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a stack and the like.

FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another stack or the like.

FIG. 4 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of another stack or the like.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a solid oxide fuel cell power plant which is another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a conventional solid oxide fuel cell power generation reactor.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a modified part of a conventional solid oxide fuel cell power generation furnace in which the lower part is partially modified.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a connected state of single cells in another conventional solid oxide fuel cell power plant.

[Explanation of symbols]

7 ... Stack, 8 ... Single cell, 8a ... Solid electrolyte,
8b ... Air electrode (electrode), 8c ... Fuel electrode (electrode),
20 ... 1st lead, 20a ... connection part (lead),
21 ... 2nd lead, 21b ... connection part (lead).

Front page continuation (72) Inventor Takenori Nakajima 1-5-1, Kiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo Fujikura Ltd. (56) References JP-A-4-104475 (JP, A) JP-A-4-39867 (JP , A) JP-A-3-62460 (JP, A) JP-A-5-205756 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H01M 8/12 H01M 8/02 H01M 8/24

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cylindrical single cell in which a fuel electrode exposed on the inner peripheral surface is provided on the inner peripheral side sandwiching the solid electrolyte and an air electrode exposed on the outer peripheral surface is provided on the outer peripheral side. in the solid electrolyte fuel cell type power reactor comprising a plurality of Sells tack, provided one of the pair of leads for power take-out from the previous SL Sells tack is connected to the air electrode at one end of Sells tuck this And the other of the leads
But the co when connected to the fuel electrode in the occluded the other end portion side of the cell stack, pulled out to the one end side through the inside of the Sells tack, further pre SL Sells motor <br/> A solid oxide fuel cell power generation reactor, wherein the battery is fixed at the one end. 2. A fuel gas introduction pipe made of a conductive material is inserted into the cell stack closed on the other end side, and its inner end is connected to the fuel electrode on the closed part side of the stack. > solid oxide fuel cell power generation furnace according to claim 1, wherein that also serves as the other of rie de connected.