JP3486266B2 - How to control food moisture - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to reduction of water activity,
The present invention relates to a method for controlling the water content of foods to prevent water separation .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, the water content of food has a great influence on the texture and flavor of food, but the water content of food is
It also causes the growth of microorganisms, and foods with higher water content are more likely to rot. However, even for foods with the same water content,
Those containing salts, sugars, amino acids and the like are less likely to rot because some of the water is attracted to these and is difficult to be used by microorganisms. That is, the storability of food depends on the water activity rather than the water content, and therefore, the method of improving the storability by reducing the water activity by adding the above-mentioned salts, sugars, amino acids, etc. to the food. Has been taken. For example, foods such as Japanese and Western sweets, pastes, jams, syrups, and sugars not only add sweetness but also reduce water activity to improve storage stability by adding sugar.

By the way, in recent years, changes in consumer preferences,
For health reasons, sweetness is generally lost in food,
With regard to Japanese and Western sweets, pastes, jams, syrups, sugars and the like, those with reduced sweetness have been demanded. Therefore, even in these food industries, measures to reduce the sweetness are being taken.

Conventionally, a method for reducing the sweetness of foods has been to reduce the amount of sugar used and increase the amount of low-sweetness sugars such as maltose, starch syrup, reduced starch syrup, and dextrin. .

[0005]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, starch syrup,
Reduced starch syrup, dextrin and the like have a problem that the texture is changed because the water activity is higher than that of sugar and thus microorganisms are easily proliferated and the viscosity is higher than that of sugar.

[0006] When maltose, starch syrup, dextrin, etc. are used, they are colored by heating to deteriorate the hue of the food, or the taste peculiar to maltose, starch syrup or dextrin is felt, and the original flavor of the food is impaired. There was something that happened.

Further, the reduced starch syrup is not colored by heating, but the sharp sweetness of the reduced starch syrup is felt, the original flavor of the food is impaired, and when the amount of the reduced starch syrup is increased, a laxative action is obtained. There was also the problem that there was.

On the other hand, the water contained in food tends to release water over time, and its flavor is apt to change over time after production. However, ordinary sugars such as sugar have little effect on such prevention of water separation.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and its object is to reduce the water activity of foods with low sweetness and without impairing the original color, flavor, etc. of foods, and separating water. It is intended to provide a method for controlling the water content of foods, which has a preventive effect.

[0010]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In the course of various studies on low-sweetness saccharides, the present inventors effectively reduced the water activity of foods by using trehalose, which is a non-reducing disaccharide, and The inventors have found that a preventive effect can be obtained and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention relates to foods and
When adding 5 to 30% by weight of water content regulator consisting of loin
Together, other sugars were added to make the water activity 0.88 or less.
The present invention provides a method for controlling the water content of foods, which comprises:

It has been found that the water regulator of the present invention brings about the following actions and effects when added to foods.

Since trehalose effectively lowers the water activity value of foods as compared with other sugars, the preservability of foods is improved. Since trehalose is excellent in water retention, water separation is less likely to occur, and flavor and texture are less likely to be impaired even after a lapse of time after producing foods. Since trehalose is not stubborn and has a refreshing sweetness, it can be used as a part of sugars in foods that need sweetness to reduce the sweetness, and it can be added to foods that do not need much sweetness. Even if it does, it does not become too sweet, and the original good flavor of food can be obtained. Trehalose has no reducing power and coloring due to heating does not occur, so that it keeps the color of foods good. Since trehalose has a low viscosity when dissolved in water, it does not become difficult to handle because the viscosity of food dough or the like does not increase, and it is not sticky and the texture is improved.

The reason why trehalose has the above-mentioned properties is not clear, but it is presumed that it may be due to the action peculiar to trehalose due to the structure of trehalose in which two glucoses are bonded 1,1.

Therefore, according to the moisture control agent for foods of the present invention, the sweetness is low, and the original color, luster, flavor, and
It is possible to effectively reduce the water activity of the food and improve the storage stability without impairing the texture and the like, and to prevent the water from separating from the food to keep the flavor and texture good.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide in which two glucoses are linked by 1, 1 and α, α-, α,
There are three types of isomers, β-, β, and β-, but in the present invention, it is preferable to use naturally occurring α, α-trehalose. α, α-trehalose is
It is present in yeast, mushrooms, red algae, lichens, plant manna, insects, etc., and is extracted from them. Further, trehalose is decomposed and absorbed by trehalase existing in human jejunum and duodenum. However, there are also reports that Japanese people have more digestive disorders than foreigners.

The trehalose used in the present invention may be in any form since it eventually becomes a solution state in which no crystals remain in food, and crystalline trehalose, powdered trehalose, trehalose solution or the like may be used. .
The method for producing these trehalose is not particularly limited, and may be produced by any method. For example, water-containing crystalline trehalose can be produced by the method described in JP-A-6-145816 (invention title "[alpha], [alpha] -trehalose production method"] and the like, and anhydrous crystalline trehalose is disclosed in It can be manufactured by the method described in JP-A-311876 (the title of the invention "edible desiccant").

Further, the method of adding the moisture regulator for foods of the present invention containing trehalose as an active ingredient includes, for example, a method of directly adding to foods, a method of dissolving in water and adding, a solution in which trehalose is dissolved. The method of immersing foods in the above to dissolve and contain them is adopted.

The food to which the method for controlling water content of foods of the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited, but, for example,
Mochi, manju, uiro, bean paste, yokan, mizuyo, jelly,
Purine, sum confectionery such as custard cream, flour paste, peanut paste, fruit paste, paste such as spreads, jams, syrups漬類, of such confectionery such, the storage stability of the water activity as 0.88 or less
It is suitable for foods to be given.

[0020] Examples Ebaanrui, Hitsuji羮, Mizuhitsuji羮, jams,
It is particularly preferably used for syrup pickles, sugar fruits and the like.

[0021]

Furthermore, since the moisture control agent for foods of the present invention contains trehalose as an active ingredient, it can be added to foods produced by adding sugars such as Japanese and Western confectioneries, pastes, jams, syrup pickles, and sugar fruits. It can be used as a part of sugars to impart the effect of lowering the water activity and the effect of preventing water separation, and at the same time, the effect of reducing the sweetness of these foods.

[0023]

The amount of the moisture regulator of the food of the present invention added to the food varies depending on the food to which it is applied, but is usually 5
It shall be the wt% to 30 wt%.

[0025]

【Example】

Test Example 1 (Measurement of Water Activity of Sugar Solution) Granulated sugar, crystalline maltose (monohydrate) and crystalline trehalose (dihydrate) were blended in the proportions shown in Table 1 below, and the sugar concentration was converted to an anhydride. The water activity of the sugar solution dissolved in water to 60% by weight was measured. Since trehalose crystallizes when the concentration exceeds 27% by weight, it was tested at a concentration lower than that. Moreover, the water activity was measured at 25.0 ° C. using a “Novasina Aw. Meter” (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Sebel Hegner Co., Ltd.). The results are shown in Table 1.

[0026]

[Table 1]

From the results shown in Table 1, the sugar concentration was calculated as an anhydride of 60.
It can be seen that the water activity is reduced only when trehalose is included when the content is set to% by weight.

The optimum water activity for the growth of microorganisms is
Regardless of the type of microorganism, it is 0.990 to 0.999, but the minimum water activity that allows growth is as shown in Table 2.

[0029]

[Table 2]

Therefore, when the sugar concentration is 60% by weight in terms of anhydride, the normal yeast may grow under the water activity of an aqueous solution of 60% by weight of granulated sugar and an aqueous solution of 42% by weight of granulated sugar and 18% by weight of maltose. However, it can be seen that if a part of the granulated sugar is replaced with trehalose to reduce the water activity, ordinary yeast will not grow.

Test Example 2 (Type of sugar of the same concentration of sugar solution and Br
Relationship with ix) Granulated sugar, in order to confirm the sugar concentration after processing with Brix,
Crystalline maltose (monohydrate) and crystalline trehalose (2
Hydrate) was dissolved in water so as to be 40% by weight in terms of anhydride, and Brix of each sugar solution was measured by an Atago Brix meter (trade name, manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.). The results are shown in Table 3.

[0032]

[Table 3]

From the results in Table 3, it can be seen that trehalose and maltose are displayed with a Brix value slightly higher than the actual solid content. However, even if foods are prepared according to the same Brix, the difference in solid content is considered to be almost negligible. Further, when using trehalose and maltose to prepare foods with the same Brix, even if the solid content may be slightly reduced, it will increase the water activity, so the addition of trehalose will reduce the water activity. It is considered that there is no problem when checking the effect.

Test Example 3 (Measurement of sweetness of trehalose) Water was added to trehalose to prepare a trehalose solution of Brix 14.0. Also, add water to the granulated sugar, Brix4,
Five types of granulated sugar solutions of 5, 6, 7, and 8 were prepared.
In addition, these preparations were performed under 20 degreeC.

The trehalose solution prepared as described above and five types of granulated sugar solutions were given to 10 experienced panelists to drink the granules which were evaluated as sweet as the sweetness of the trehalose solution of Brix 14.0. When the average value of Brix of the sugar solution was obtained, the result was 5.65.

Therefore, the relative sweetness of trehalose was 5.65 / 14.0 × 100 = 40.36, which was evaluated as 40.36%. That is, it can be seen that trehalose has a relative sweetness of about 40% with respect to granulated sugar, and has a low sweetness.

Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 to 3 (production of bean paste and Br
ix, syneresis, water activity, color difference measurement, sensory test) In the mixture ratio of Table 4, granulated sugar, crystalline trehalose (dihydrate), crystalline maltose (monohydrate), as sugar, in white bean jam. "Fuji Oligo # 350", a powdered product of oligosaccharide syrup containing maltotriose as a main component (trade name,
Made by Nippon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd., maltotriose content 50 ± 3
1% or 2 kinds selected from (% by weight) were respectively added so that the Brix finally became about 64, and the bean paste was manufactured by a conventional method. In Table 4, the unit is parts by weight.

As the saccharides, one using granulated sugar and trehalose was set as Example 1, one using only granulated sugar as Comparative Example 1, and one using only granulated sugar and maltose as Comparative Example Product 2, granulated sugar. And "Fuji Oligo #
Comparative example 3 was used.

[0039]

[Table 4]

The Brix, water separation, water activity, and color difference of the four types of bean paste thus obtained were measured or observed. Brix was measured with an "Atago Brix meter", and syneresis was observed with the naked eye after left at room temperature for two nights. In addition, the water activity is "Novasi
na Aw. Meter "(trade name, manufactured by Nippon Sebel Hegner Co., Ltd.), and the color difference was measured by a color difference meter" SZ-Σ80 "(trade name, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.). It should be noted that the lightness and darkness in the color difference are brighter as the value is larger, darker as the value is smaller, and whiter as the value is larger.

On the day after the production, these four kinds of bean jam were sampled by 30 panelists to evaluate the whiteness of the color, the intensity of sweetness, the ease of melting in the mouth, the taste of taste, and the overall flavor. . The evaluation was carried out in the order of good to excellent, ⊚ for good, ◯ for good, Δ for normal, and × for bad, and the average was obtained. The sweetness was rated as ◎, ◯, Δ, and x from the one that felt low. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0042]

[Table 5]

As can be seen from Table 5, the water activity of Example 1 is the lowest, and therefore, Example 1 shows that microorganisms are difficult to reproduce and have a long shelf life. The water separation was low in all the bean pastes of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and no difference was observed.
Regarding the whiteness of the color, Example 1 was the most excellent in both the results of the sensory test and the results of the color difference meter. Regarding the intensity of sweetness, Comparative Example 3 had the lowest sweetness and Example 1 had the second lowest sweetness, but Example 1 has a refreshing and elegant sweetness that is not persistent, and brings out the original flavor of the bean jam best. Was evaluated. Comparative Example 1 was evaluated as being too sweet, and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 were mild, but were evaluated to be heavy. From these results, the overall flavor of Example 1 was more preferable than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

That is, it can be seen that Example 1 has the lowest water activity, has a long shelf life, has a low sweetness, and is excellent in taste, flavor and the like.

[0045]

[0046]

[0047]

[0048]

[0049]

Example 2 , Comparative Examples 4 and 5 (manufacture of jam and measurement of water activity, sensory test) 300 g of strawberries, 0.6 g of citric acid, and 180 g of sugars were boiled and matured with an electric stove, and B
Strawberry jam was produced by boiling until rix60. As the saccharides, "Fujioligo # 450P" (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd.), which is a powdered product of oligosaccharide syrup containing 50% by weight of sugar, trehalose, and maltotetraose, is shown in Table 7. Used in. Example 2 is a case where a part of sugar is replaced with trehalose, Comparative example 4 is a case where only sugar is used, and Comparative example 5 is a case where a part of sugar is replaced with "Fujioligo # 450P".

For the jams of Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5 , water activity measurement and sensory test were performed.
The same method as in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was used. The results are shown in Table 6 .

[0052]

[Table 6]

From the results in Table 6 , it can be seen that the jam of Example 2 in which a part of sugar was replaced with trehalose had a low water activity, a long shelf life, and a low sweetness. Further, the jam of Comparative Example 5 in which a part of sugar was replaced with "Fujioligo # 450" can lower the sweetness as compared with the case of trehalose, but the water activity was higher than that of Comparative Example 4 containing only sugar. You can see that the shelf life gets worse.

In addition, the jam prepared by using the sugar obtained by substituting trehalose for sugar in Example 2 was evaluated as a fruity taste because the umami of strawberry was sufficiently drawn out and the jam was crisp.

[0055]

As described above, according to the method of controlling water content of foods of the present invention, it has a low sweetness and does not impair the original color, luster, flavor, texture of foods, It is possible to effectively reduce the water activity and improve the preservability, prevent the water from separating from the food, and maintain the good taste and texture.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ identification code FI A23L 1/09 A23L 1/09 (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A23L 1/00-1/19 JSTPlus (JOIS)

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A food product containing a trehalose moisture control.
Add 5 to 30% by weight of additives and add other sugars
To, moisture regulation method <br/> foods, characterized in that the water activity 0.88 or less. 2. The above foods are bean jam, yokan, water yokan, ja
The method for controlling the water content of foods according to claim 1, which is one selected from mulberries, syrup pickles, and sugar fruits . "