JP3484828B2 - Actuator for adjusting fuel supply of electronic governor for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an actuator for adjusting the amount of fuel supplied to an engine in an electronic governor for an internal combustion engine. 2. Description of the Related Art Generally, an electronic governor for an internal combustion engine includes a speed detection signal indicating an actual rotation speed of the engine or an actual speed of a load driven by the engine, a speed instruction signal indicating an instruction speed of the engine, and By controlling the amount of fuel supplied to the engine based on the engine speed, the rotational speed of the engine is maintained at the designated speed. FIG. 6 shows, by way of example, the structure of an electronic governor for controlling the rotational speed of a diesel engine so as to keep it at a specified speed. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 1 denotes an internal combustion engine, and 2 denotes a fuel supply to the internal combustion engine. A fuel injection pump as fuel supply means, a rotation speed detector for detecting a rotation speed of the internal combustion engine and outputting a speed detection signal, and a rotation speed instruction for outputting a speed instruction signal indicating an instruction speed of the internal combustion engine. , 5 is a control rack for adjusting the injection amount of the fuel injection pump 2 (fuel supply amount adjustment unit for adjusting the supply amount of fuel to the engine)
, An input of a speed instruction signal obtained from the rotation speed indicator 4 and a speed detection signal obtained from the rotation speed detector 3 are input to the actuator 5 so that the rotation speed of the engine matches the indicated speed. It is a controller that gives a predetermined drive signal. [0004] The controller 6 calculates an operation amount required to make the engine rotation speed match the instruction rotation speed from the rotation speed instruction signal and the speed detection signal, and displaces the mover of the actuator by the operation amount. A predetermined drive signal is supplied to the actuator so as to cause the internal combustion engine to supply a predetermined amount of fuel so that the rotation speed of the engine approaches the designated speed. In this example, an electronic governor G is configured by the rotation speed detector 3, the rotation speed indicator 4, the actuator 5, and the controller 6. [0005] The actuator 5 for the electronic governor usually includes a mover provided to be capable of linear displacement or rotational displacement, a stator for driving the mover, and a return spring for returning the mover to the original position. An electromagnet type actuator is used. A mover of this type of actuator is made of a magnetic material such as iron, at least a part of which is disposed in a casing, and a movable magnetic pole portion is provided in a portion located in the casing. . The stator has an iron core having a fixed magnetic pole portion, the movable magnetic pole portion of which is opposed to the movable magnetic pole portion with a predetermined gap in the process of displacing the mover, and a magnetic core which is wound around the iron core and excited. An excitation coil for generating a magnetic flux for generating a magnetic attraction force between the fixed magnetic pole portion and the movable magnetic pole portion, and fixed in a case accommodating at least a part of the mover . The return spring is provided so as to bias the mover in a direction to separate the mover from the stator, and a magnetic attraction generated by a magnetic flux generated from the exciting coil when an exciting current is supplied to the exciting coil. The mover stops at a position where the force and the biasing force of the return spring are balanced. In the case where the above actuator is used for an electronic governor, the displacement of the mover of the actuator when continuous operation is performed with the load on the engine at or near the maximum. It is necessary to keep θ at the maximum value or a value close to the maximum value. For this purpose, it is necessary to keep supplying a large excitation current to the excitation coil of the actuator. However, in the conventional actuator, when a large exciting current is continuously supplied to the exciting coil, the temperature of the exciting coil rises and the resistance value of the exciting coil itself increases. There is a problem that the amount of displacement of the fuel decreases and the amount of fuel supplied to the engine decreases. As described above, when the conventional actuator is used, it is impossible to keep the displacement amount of the mover at or near the maximum for a long time by continuously supplying a large exciting current to the exciting coil. Therefore, there has been a problem that it is difficult to perform the high-load continuous operation of the engine. Further, in the conventional actuator, if the engine is continuously operated in a state where the load of the engine is close to the maximum value, the insulating coating of the coil conductor is deteriorated due to the temperature rise of the exciting coil, and the life of the exciting coil is shortened. There was also a problem. An object of the present invention is to prevent the temperature of an exciting coil from excessively increasing when a high-load continuous operation of an internal combustion engine is performed, thereby reducing the exciting current and shortening the life of the exciting coil. It is an object of the present invention to provide an actuator for adjusting a fuel supply amount of an electronic governor for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of preventing the occurrence of the fuel gas. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electronic governor for an internal combustion engine which controls the amount of fuel supplied to the engine so that the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine matches the designated rotational speed. The present invention relates to an actuator used as a means for adjusting a fuel supply amount, and an actuator to which the present invention is directed is displaceably supported with respect to the casing while at least a part of the actuator is positioned in the casing. A movable element having at least one movable magnetic pole part in a portion located in the casing, and an iron core having a fixed magnetic pole part facing the movable magnetic pole part with a predetermined gap in the process of displacing the movable element. A stator fixed in a case having an excitation coil for generating a magnetic flux for generating a magnetic attraction force between the fixed-side magnetic pole portion and the movable-side magnetic pole portion, And a return spring that urges the spring away from the stator. In the present invention, in order to improve the cooling of the exciting coil, oil is accommodated in the case of the electronic governor, and at least a part of the exciting coil is immersed in the oil. In order to improve the cooling of the exciting coil,
It is necessary to transfer the heat generated by the exciting coil to the case as efficiently as possible and to dissipate the heat from the case to the atmosphere. In the conventional actuator, since heat generated in the exciting coil is transmitted to the case through the bobbin and the iron core of the exciting coil, heat cannot be efficiently transferred from the exciting coil to the case. Couldn't be better. On the other hand, in the present invention, the oil is accommodated in the case and at least a part of the exciting coil is immersed in the oil, so that the heat generated by the exciting coil is transmitted in the same manner as in the prior art. The heat generated in the exciting coil can be transmitted to the case through oil, as well as being transmitted to the case through the path, so that the heat can be efficiently transferred from the exciting coil to the case. Cooling of the coil can be improved. Although the effect of improving the cooling effect of the exciting coil can be obtained only by immersing a part of the exciting coil in the oil, it is necessary to increase the cooling effect of the exciting coil. Needless to say, it is preferable to set the amount of the oil so that most of the oil is immersed in the oil. In the present invention, it is preferable that not only the exciting coil but also at least a part of the mover is immersed in the oil so that the oil can be appropriately braked by the oil. As described above, when at least a part of the movable element is immersed in the oil, the damping coefficient in the vibration system of the movable element can be appropriately adjusted by appropriately selecting the viscosity coefficient of the oil. The frequency response characteristics of the mover can be easily adjusted to a critical vibration or a state close to the critical vibration. If the frequency response characteristic of the mover is close to critical oscillation, the mover is quickly stopped at the target position when the exciting current of the actuator is changed to adjust the fuel supply amount. Therefore, the control characteristics of the electronic governor can be improved. Also, when vibration of the engine is transmitted to the mover of the actuator,
Since the vibration can be rapidly attenuated and the position of the mover can be converged to the target position, fluctuations in the rotation speed of the engine due to disturbances such as vibrations of the engine can be prevented. As described above, when oil is contained in the case and at least a part of the exciting coil is immersed in the oil, the heat generated by the exciting coil can be transmitted to the case even through the oil. As a result, the cooling of the exciting coil can be improved. If not only the excitation coil but also the mover is immersed in the oil, by appropriately selecting the viscosity coefficient of the oil, the mover can be moderately braked and the frequency response characteristics of the mover can be improved. Since the critical vibration can be provided, the control characteristics of the electronic governor can be improved. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes an actuator case having an open upper end, and reference numerals 11 and 12 denote a stator and a stator arranged in the case 10, respectively. It is a mover. A recess 1 is provided at the bottom of the case 10.
A stator 11 is mounted in the recess 10a, and a mover 12 is mounted above the stator. The stator 11 is made of a laminated body of steel plates and has three fixed-side magnetic pole portions 13b through 1b from a yoke 13a.
A substantially E-shaped stator core 1 having a shape protruding 3d
3 and an exciting coil 15 wound around a bobbin 14 having flanges 14a and 14b at both ends. The bobbin 14 is fitted to a central magnetic pole portion 13c of the stator core 13. The mover 12 is formed of a substantially comb-shaped member in which movable magnetic pole portions 12b to 12d corresponding to the three magnetic pole portions 13b to 13d of the stator core 13 project from the yoke 12a. The illustrated mover is formed by laminating a predetermined number of electromagnetic steel sheets and integrating them, and a rotation shaft 16 is fixed to one end of a yoke 12 a of the mover 12, and the rotation shaft 16 is attached to a side wall of the frame 10. It is supported by a fixed bearing (not shown). The magnetic pole portions 12b and 12 at both ends of the mover 12
The curved surfaces of the magnetic pole surfaces 12b1 and 12d1 of d are arc-shaped curved surfaces with the radii of curvature r1 and r3 around the rotation axis 16, respectively. A step 17 is formed at a position near the base on the outer peripheral side of the magnetic pole portion 12c at the center of the mover, and the magnetic pole surface 12c1 from the tip of the magnetic pole portion 12c to the step 17 and the yoke 12a from the step 17 are formed. Magnetic pole surface 12c2 of the part
Are arc-shaped curved surfaces each having a radius of curvature r2 and r2 '(r2 <r2') centered on the rotating shaft 16. The curved surfaces of the magnetic pole surfaces 13b1 and 13d1 of the magnetic pole portions 13b and 13d of the stator are also arc-shaped curved surfaces having the radii of curvature R1 and R3 about the rotating shaft 16, and the magnetic pole surfaces 13b1 of these stators. And 3d1 are set slightly larger than the radii of curvature r1 and r3 of the pole faces 12b1 and 12d1 of the mover. The radius of curvature R2 of the pole face 13c1 of the magnetic pole portion 13c at the center of the stator is determined by the radius of curvature r2 of the pole face 12c1 at the portion from the tip of the magnetic pole portion 12c at the center of the mover to the step portion 17 and the step portion 17. The radius of curvature r2 'of the magnetic pole surface 12c2 in the portion from the to the yoke 12a is set larger. In this embodiment, the step portion 17 provided on the magnetic pole portion 12c at the center of the mover constitutes a gap changing portion. When the mover 12 rotates toward the stator 11 about the rotating shaft 16, the magnetic pole portion 13b on the stator 11 side
The gap size between the magnetic pole surfaces 13b1 and 13d1 of the magnetic pole portions 12b and 13d on the mover side is maintained substantially constant. On the other hand, since the gap changing portion including the step portion 17 is provided in the magnetic pole portion 12c at the center of the mover, the mover 12 is fixed at a certain angle θo.
During the rotation, the magnetic pole surface 13c1 of the magnetic pole portion 13c of the stator is rotated.
The dimension (R2) is equal to the magnetic pole surface 12c1 of the magnetic pole portion 12c of the mover.
-R2), and when the mover 12 rotates by a certain angle or more, the magnetic pole surface 13c1 of the stator and the magnetic pole portion 12c2 on the distal end side of the magnetic pole portion 12c of the mover have a dimension (R2 -r).
2 ') They face each other with a gap of [<(R2-r2)]. By providing the gap changing portion composed of the stepped portion 17 as described above, when the mover 2 is displaced by a certain angle θo or more, the gap size between the magnetic pole faces of the mover and the stator facing each other is small. Can be switched to A stopper 18 is attached to the case 10 with a screw 19 so that the stopper 18 abuts on a free end of the mover 12 so as to regulate the range of rotation of the mover to the side opposite to the stator. Has become. A spring receiving seat 20 is formed on a side surface of the free end of the mover 12 on the stator side, which is formed by deforming a protrusion provided in advance on a side plate disposed at an end of the mover 12 in the stacking direction. The spring seat 2
A return spring 22 composed of a compression spring is disposed between the spring 0 and a spring receiving seat 21 provided on the case 10. The mover 12 is constantly urged by the return spring 22 in a direction away from the stator 11. The case 10 contains an oil 23 having a good heat transfer coefficient, which is used as an insulating oil for electric equipment such as a transformer, and the whole of the stator core 13 and the exciting coil 15 and the mover are contained in the oil. 12 are immersed. A lid plate 25 is in contact with an opening at the upper end of the case 10 via a packing 24, and the case 10 and the lid plate 2
5 are fastened by screws (not shown), and the opening of the case 10 is closed in an oil-tight manner. The above-described actuator is attached to the engine by fixing the cover plate 25 to the case of the fuel injection pump of the internal combustion engine or the case of the internal combustion engine. In this example, one end of the rotating shaft 16 of the mover 12 serves as an output shaft of the actuator. The output shaft is led out through an oil seal, and the output shaft led out is connected to a connecting mechanism (not shown). In this embodiment, it is connected to a fuel supply amount adjusting unit (in this embodiment, a control rack of a fuel injection pump). As described above, the oil 23 is contained in the case 10.
When the exciting coil 15 is immersed in the oil, the heat generated by the exciting coil 15 is transmitted to the case 10 through the bobbin 14 and the stator core 13 and transmitted to the case 10 through the oil 23. You. Therefore, the heat transfer from the exciting coil 15 to the case 10 can be efficiently performed, and the temperature rise of the exciting coil can be suppressed. As described above, when at least a part of the mover 12 is immersed in the oil, a suitable braking force can be applied to the mover by the oil, and by appropriately selecting the viscosity coefficient of the oil, By setting the damping coefficient in the vibration system of the mover close to 1.0, the frequency response characteristics of the actuator can be made critical vibration. If the frequency response characteristic of the mover 12 is set to a state close to critical vibration, the mover can be quickly stopped at the target position when the excitation current of the actuator is changed to adjust the fuel supply amount. Therefore, the control characteristics of the electronic governor can be improved. Further, if the frequency response characteristic of the mover of the actuator is set to critical vibration, when vibration of the engine or the like is transmitted to the mover, the vibration is promptly attenuated so that the position of the mover converges to the target position. Because you can
It is possible to prevent the rotation speed of the engine from fluctuating due to disturbance such as vibration of the engine. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the liquid level of the oil 23 is set to such an extent that the stator core 13 is completely immersed. In addition, the oil level can be further increased. When an exciting current is applied to the exciting coil 15 of the above actuator, the stator core 13 is magnetized, so that the mover 12 is drawn toward the stator 11, and the mover 12 is It rotates counterclockwise in FIG. The stop position of the mover 12 is determined by the balance between the magnetic attraction force of the stator and the urging force of the return spring 22. In the above embodiment, since the step portion 17 constituting the gap changing portion is provided on the magnetic pole surface of the magnetic pole portion 12c of the mover 12, the magnetic pole at the center of the mover 12 when the mover 12 rotates by a certain angle or more. The gap size between the pole face of the portion 12c and the pole face of the center pole portion 13c of the stator is switched to a smaller value.
Magnetic pole surface of magnetic pole part 12c of mover and magnetic pole part 13c of stator
Is changed to a small value, the attraction force for attracting the mover 12 toward the stator 11 increases. The attraction force of the electromagnet type actuator as described above is mainly due to the magnetic pole portions 12b to 12d of the mover 12.
And the magnetic pole portions 13b to 13 of the stator 11
It is generated by magnetic flux passing near the gap between the base and the tip of d. Therefore, as described above, the step portion 17 constituting the gap changing portion is provided on the base side of the magnetic pole portion 12c, and the gap between the magnetic pole portion 13c and the magnetic pole portion 12c is provided at a portion which greatly contributes to the generation of the attraction force. By forming a portion having a small gap size, the attraction force obtained by the same exciting current can be increased in a range where the displacement amount of the mover 12 exceeds a certain angle θo, and in a range where the displacement amount exceeds the angle θo. Thus, the same amount of displacement as that of the related art can be obtained with a smaller exciting current than that of the related art. The height of the step 17 constituting the gap changing portion and the length of the pole faces 12c1 and 12c2 are appropriately selected according to the required characteristics. FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the displacement angle θ of the mover of the above embodiment, the attraction force Fa and the spring force Fs, and shows the relationship between the excitation current I1 and the excitation current I1.
I5 (I1 <I2 <I3 <I4 <I5) is shown as a parameter. FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the displacement angle θ of the mover and the attraction force Fa and the spring force Fs when the step portion 17 is not provided in the above-described embodiment.
1 to I5 are shown as parameters. When comparing the characteristics of FIG. 3 with the characteristics of FIG.
When the gap changing portion is provided, it can be seen that the attractive force obtained by the same exciting current increases in the range where the displacement amount of the mover 12 exceeds the predetermined angle θo. The characteristic shown by the solid line in FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the exciting current of the actuator of the above embodiment and the displacement angle of the mover 12. In FIG. 5, the portion shown by a chain line shows the characteristics obtained when the gap changing portion (the step portion 17) is not provided in the actuator of the above embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, according to the actuator of the above embodiment, a large displacement can be obtained with a smaller exciting current than when no gap changing portion is provided, in a range where the displacement angle of the mover 12 exceeds the predetermined angle θo. You can see that you can do it. When the fuel injection pump 2 shown in FIG. 6 is controlled so as to increase the fuel injection amount when the mover 12 is sucked by using the actuator of the above embodiment, the mover 12 responds to the exciting current. If the area up to the change point θo (FIG. 3) at which the rate of change of the displacement changes is defined as a normal operating area and the area equal to or greater than the change point θo is defined as a starting area, the linear characteristic which is advantageous for control in the operating area is used. Thus, at the time of starting, the movable element of the actuator can be displaced to a predetermined position with a smaller exciting current than in the prior art, and the power consumption at the time of starting can be reduced. In the above embodiment, an appropriate number of radiating fins 30 may be provided on the outer surface of the case 10 as shown by a chain line in FIG. 1 to further improve the cooling of the exciting coil. FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the case 10 is arranged with its opening directed in the horizontal direction (horizontal direction).
The opening of the case 10 is in contact with the cover plate 25 via the packing 24, and the cover plate 25 and the case 1 are screwed by screws (not shown).
0 is fastened, and the opening of the case 10 is oil-tightly closed. In this embodiment, a step 17 'which constitutes a gap changing portion is also provided in a portion of the center pole portion 13c of the stator 11 near the yoke 13a, and the step 17' and the yoke 13a are connected to each other. The magnetic pole surface 13 having a smaller radius of curvature than the magnetic pole surface 13c1 between the step 17 'and the tip of the magnetic pole portion 13c.
c2 is formed. An oil 23 is contained in the case 10, and most of the stator core 13 and the exciting coil 15 are
The whole and most of the mover 12 are immersed in oil. In the case of the configuration shown in FIG.
It is preferable to provide an oil inlet in the upper part of the cylinder 0, for example, near the screw 19, and to inject oil into the case 10 after the case 10 is closed by the cover plate 25. As shown in FIG. 2, when almost the entire mover 12 is immersed in oil, the mover is greatly affected by the oil. Therefore, the adjustment of the damping coefficient of the mover can be facilitated by appropriately selecting the viscosity coefficient of the oil. Also, as shown in FIG.
Steps 17 and 17 ′ forming gap changing portions on the magnetic pole surface of 2 c and the magnetic pole surface of the magnetic pole portion 13 c of the stator core 13, respectively.
The suction force acting on the mover 12 in the range where the displacement amount of the mover 12 exceeds the predetermined angle θo can be further increased as compared with the embodiment of FIG. 1 to save power consumption. it can. In each of the above embodiments, the magnetic pole portion 12c at the center of the mover 12 or the magnetic pole portion 12c at the center of the mover
Steps 17 and 17 ′ forming the gap changing portion are provided on both the magnetic pole portion and the center magnetic pole portion 12 c of the stator 11, but the gap changing portion is provided only on the center magnetic pole portion 13 c of the stator. May be. Further, a gap changing section may be provided in another magnetic pole section of the mover and / or the stator, and the gap changing section may be omitted. In the above embodiment, the magnetic pole faces 12b1-1
2d1 and the curved surfaces of the pole faces 13b1 to 13d1
As a concentric arc centered on the center, the gap size between the magnetic pole part of the mover and the magnetic pole part of the stator was made constant, but the gap between the magnetic pole part of the mover and the magnetic pole part of the stator was fixed. The gap between the magnetic pole faces 12b1 to 12d1 and 13b1 to 13b should be kept substantially constant during the displacement of the mover.
The curved surface shape of d1 may be a shape slightly deviated from an arc. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the opening of the case 10 is oriented in the horizontal direction, and the opening is closed by the cover plate 25. However, when the mover is arranged as shown in FIG. As the case 10, a case having an open top can be used. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
In order to further improve the cooling of the case 10, heat radiation fins can be provided on the outer surface of the case 10. In the above embodiment, the movable member of the actuator is configured to be of a rotational displacement type. However, the present invention is also applied to a case where the movable member is configured to be linearly displaced by being attracted by a magnet. be able to. In the above embodiment, the case of controlling a diesel engine is taken as an example. However, the actuator according to the present invention can be applied to an electronic governor for controlling the rotation speed of a gasoline engine. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the fuel injection pump is used as the fuel supply means for supplying fuel to the internal combustion engine. However, the actuator according to the present invention can be applied to the case where a carburetor is used as the fuel supply means. Can be. When a carburetor is used as the fuel supply means, the throttle valve serves as a fuel supply amount adjusting unit, and the output shaft of the actuator is connected to the operation shaft of the throttle valve via an appropriate connection mechanism. In the present invention, the oil level in the case may be set so that at least a part of the exciting coil 15 is immersed in the oil. It is preferable to set the oil level so that the entire exciting coil is immersed in oil as in the embodiment. In addition to improving the cooling of the exciting coil, the damping coefficient in the vibration system of the mover is appropriately adjusted by appropriately damping the mover with oil, so that the frequency response characteristic of the mover is improved. In order to adjust the desired characteristics, it is necessary to immerse at least a part of the mover in the oil together with the exciting coil. In this case, the oil level is appropriately set in consideration of the cooling effect of the exciting coil and the frequency response characteristics of the mover. As described above, according to the present invention, since the oil is contained in the case and at least a part of the exciting coil is immersed in the oil, the heat generated by the exciting coil is reduced. The oil can be transmitted to the case even through the oil, and the cooling of the exciting coil can be improved. [0060] Also well exciting coil. Thus the mover is also immersed in the oil, by selecting the viscosity of the oil appropriate, the frequency response characteristic of the mover can be critical vibrational In addition, the control characteristics of the electronic governor can be improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between a spring force and an attractive force acting on a mover and a displacement angle of the mover in the embodiment of FIG. 1 using an exciting current as a parameter. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between a spring force and an attractive force acting on the mover and a displacement angle of the mover when the gap changing portion is omitted in the embodiment of FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a displacement angle of a mover of the actuator of the embodiment of FIG. 1 and an exciting current. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an electronic governor using the actuator of the present invention. [Description of Signs] 10 Case 11 Stator 12 Mover 12b to 12d Movable magnetic pole 13 Stator iron core 13b to 13d Fixed magnetic pole 12b1, 12c1, 12c2, 12d1, 13b1, 13c1, 1
3c2, 13d1 Magnetic pole surface 15 Excitation coil 17, 17 ′ Step (gap changing part) 22 Return spring

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Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] At least a part is located in a casing.
The casing is displaceably supported with respect to the casing in the
At least one movable magnet in the part located in the casing
A movable element having a pole portion, and a predetermined distance between the movable magnetic pole and the movable element during the displacement of the movable element.
An iron core having a fixed-side magnetic pole portion opposed through a gap;
When the magnetic pole is moved, a magnetic field is generated between the fixed magnetic pole and the movable magnetic pole.
Excitation coil that generates magnetic flux for generating air suction force
And a stator fixed in the case and a return for urging the mover in a direction to separate the mover from the stator.
Fuel supply adjustment of electronic governor for internal combustion engine with spring
Actuator, wherein oil is contained in the case and the excitation is carried out in the oil.
At least part of the coil and at least part of the mover
Fuel for electronic governors for internal combustion engines characterized by being immersed
Actuator for adjusting supply amount.