JP3463897B2 - Home appliance waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is attached to a refuse incinerator for incinerating municipal waste, industrial waste, and the like.
Home appliance waste treatment device that uses high temperature exhaust gas generated in a refuse incinerator to pyrolyze plastics contained in the waste of home appliances and recovers the remaining metals and glass .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the amount of oversized garbage such as home electric appliances and furniture has increased remarkably. However, non-combustible materials or combustible materials (those with a high plastic content) are landfilled. In particular,
Recently, a large amount of waste from large-scale home appliances has been circulating, and the reality is that municipalities are having trouble processing it.

Currently, in the treatment of bulky refuse in each municipality, the bulky refuse is crushed to about 150 mm or less by a crusher such as a rotary crusher, and irons are collected by a magnet and aluminum is collected by a linear motor method. I am trying. However, all of them contain a large amount of incombustibles and combustibles, and there are many cases in which the quality is insufficient and there are no collectors depending on the market conditions. In addition, if the combustible materials that have been separated and collected are incinerated in a refuse incinerator, a clinker trouble occurs in the refuse incinerator because it contains a large amount of plastic, which causes various problems. If this combustible material is landfilled as it is, it is difficult to secure a landfill site because of its large volume, and it is extremely unsanitary as a source of polluted groundwater and flies due to decay.

[0004]

By the way, when the waste of household electric appliances such as TVs and refrigerators is processed by the crushing and separating method, the horsepower of the crusher is large and the cost for noise prevention is high, and the quality of the sorted products is high. There is a problem that it gets worse.
In addition, combustible materials such as plastics that have been separated and collected eventually need to be incinerated, and when mixed with general waste, there is a problem that clinker troubles occur.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and gasifies the plastics contained in the wastes of household electric appliances by using the high temperature exhaust gas of the refuse incinerator, and the remaining gas. An object of the present invention is to provide a household electrical appliance waste treatment device capable of recovering the metals, glass, etc. of the above without deteriorating the quality.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the household electric appliance waste treatment apparatus of the present invention has an inlet and an outlet through which the waste of household electric appliances can pass, and heats plastic from a refuse incinerator. A gasification furnace body that attracts high temperature exhaust gas above the decomposition temperature to thermally decompose the plastics contained in the waste and to return the gas generated by the thermal decomposition to the combustion chamber of the refuse incinerator. It comprises a transfer device for transferring the waste from the inlet side to the outlet side, and an opening / closing device which is provided on the inlet side and the outlet side of the gasification furnace main body and which appropriately opens and closes the inlet and the outlet.

Further, the switchgear is provided with a dual-structured inlet damper which is openably and closably provided in the inlet of the gasification furnace main body, and a constant gap is provided in the outlet of the gasification furnace main body. , A dual structure outlet damper that can be opened and closed, a drive mechanism that drives each damper, a detector that detects the presence or absence of waste when it passes through the inlet and outlet, and a detector It is preferable that it comprises a controller for automatically controlling each damper based on a detection signal, and is configured so that waste can pass continuously while sealing the inlet and outlet of the gasification furnace main body.

[0008]

[Function] Wastes of home electric appliances such as televisions and refrigerators are transferred from the inlet of the gasification furnace body into the furnace by the transfer device.
At this time, since the inlet is opened and closed by the double-structured inlet damper, the invasion of air from the inlet into the furnace is prevented as much as possible, and combustion in the furnace is prevented.

The waste transferred to the furnace is in a state where the plastics contained in the waste are pyrolyzed and gasified by the high temperature exhaust gas attracted from the refuse incinerator, and the plastics are completely removed. Is transferred to the exit side.

On the other hand, the gas generated in the furnace is introduced into the combustion chamber of the refuse incinerator and completely burned. as a result,
The gas containing impurities such as hydrogen chloride gas does not need to be post-treated by a gas cleaning device or the like, and the treatment cost can be reduced.

Then, the waste from which the plastics have been removed is transferred from the outlet of the gasification furnace main body to the outside of the furnace. At this time, the outlet is opened and closed by the double-structured inlet damper, so that the inflow of air from the inlet into the furnace is prevented as much as possible.

As described above, since the household electrical appliances waste treatment device of the present invention is designed to completely remove plastics from the household electrical appliances wastes in the gasification furnace main body, the residual materials (ferrous, non-ferrous metal, precious metal) , Glass, etc.) can be easily collected and the quality of the products collected by separation can be improved. or,
Post-processing of combustibles is also unnecessary and the processing cost can be reduced.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional front view of a household electrical appliance waste processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The household electrical appliance waste processing apparatus includes a gasification furnace body 1, a transfer device 2, and an opening / closing device 3.
It is equipped with a waste incinerator that incinerates municipal waste and industrial waste.

The waste incinerator is composed of an incinerator body 4, a stoker 5, a waste hopper 6, a waste feeder 7 and the like. The waste is put into the stoker 5 from the waste hopper 6 and dried sequentially by the stoker 5. It is configured to be incinerated and to discharge the incinerated ash from the ash outlet. The high-temperature exhaust gas G generated in the combustion chamber 4a of the incinerator body 4 is cooled by the boiler 8 attached to the refuse incinerator, the dust is removed by the electric dust collector 9, and then the hot air is passed through the induction draft fan 10. It is designed to be discharged from the chimney 11.

The gasification furnace main body 1 thermally decomposes and gasifies the plastics contained in the waste 12 of household electric appliances such as TVs and washing machines by the high temperature exhaust gas G of the refuse incinerator and heats them. The gas G'generated by the decomposition is returned to the combustion chamber 4a of the refuse incinerator. That is, the gasification furnace main body 1 is formed of a refractory such as refractory bricks or a steel plate into a tubular shape having a substantially pentagonal cross section, and both ends thereof have a rectangular cross section through which the waste 12 of home electric appliances can pass. Has an inlet 1a and an outlet 1b. Further, in the bottom wall portion of the gasification furnace main body 1, exhaust gas supply ports 1d for introducing the exhaust gas G of the refuse incinerator into the furnace interior 1c are formed at regular intervals. Each of the exhaust gas supply ports 1d is provided with an exhaust gas supply pipe 13, a gas damper 14, a dust removing device 15 such as a cyclone.
Also, they are connected to the inlet 1a side and the outlet 1b side of the boiler via the induction fan 16, respectively, and mix the high temperature exhaust gas G and the low temperature exhaust gas G of the refuse incinerator at a predetermined temperature (to the extent that various plastics can be thermally decomposed). Temperature, for example 300 ° C to 4
The exhaust gas G is heated to 00 ° C. or 700 ° C. by auxiliary combustion, and the exhaust gas G can be attracted to the furnace interior 1c. Further, a gas outlet 1e is formed in the ceiling wall portion of the gasification furnace main body 1, and this gas outlet 1e is in the furnace 1c.
The combustion chamber 4 of the refuse incinerator via the gas discharge pipe 17 so that the gas G'generated in step 1 can be returned to the combustion chamber 4a of the refuse incinerator.
a Connected to the bottom.

The transfer device 2 transfers the waste 12 from the inlet 1a side of the gasification furnace main body 1 to the outlet 1b side, and the rollers are provided inside the gasification furnace main body 1 and outside the furnace main body 1. It is configured by arranging 2a in parallel. Each roller 2a is a stainless steel inner lining thick steel pipe or a double steel pipe sandwiching a heat insulating layer (prevents dew point corrosion of the outer pipe).
And is driven to rotate in the same direction at the same speed by a driving device (not shown) including a chain transmission mechanism, a motor, and the like. Further, each roller 2a arranged in the gasification furnace main body 1 is cooled by a water-cooling type cooling device 18 described later so as to prevent adhesion and corrosion of clinker. That is, the cooling device 18 is
As shown in FIG. 3, the inlet header 19 is disposed at the lateral position of the roller 2a, and one end of the roller 2a is rotatably connected, and the inlet header 19 is disposed at the lateral position of the roller 2a.
An outlet header 20 whose other end is rotatably connected,
A cooling water pipe 21 that is connected to both headers 19 and 20 and circulates the cooling water W, and a cooler 2 interposed in the cooling water pipe 21.
2 and a circulation pump 23, and is configured to supply cooling water W to the roller 2a to cool the roller 2a, cool water having an increased temperature by the cooler 22 and recirculate it to the roller 2a. Further, the roller 2a collects the cooling water W supplied from one end into the substantially lower half of the inside of the roller 2a.
It is configured so that a can be cooled and separated from the other end into water and steam S by overflow and discharged. The steam S discharged from the roller 2a is discharged from the outlet header 20 to the outside.

The switchgear 3 is provided on each of the inlet 1a side and the outlet 1b side of the gasification furnace main body 1, and the waste 1
2 inside the furnace when air passes through the inlet 1a and the outlet 1b
The entrance 1a and the exit 1b are appropriately opened and closed so that the waste 12 can pass continuously while preventing the entry into c as much as possible. In the present embodiment, the opening / closing device 3 includes dual-structured inlet dampers 24a and 24b that are provided in the inlet 1a of the gasification furnace main body 1 so as to be opened and closed at regular intervals.
The dual-structured outlet dampers 25a and 25b provided in the outlet 1b of the gasification furnace main body 1 so as to be openable and closable at regular intervals.
And a drive mechanism 26 including a motor for driving the dampers 24a, 24b, 25a, 25b, a fluid pressure cylinder, and the like,
A plurality of detectors 27 (photoelectric tubes, microwave detectors, etc.) that detect the presence or absence of the waste 12 when the waste 12 passes through the inlet 1a and the outlet 1b, and the respective detectors 27 based on the detection signals from the detectors 27. It comprises a controller 28 for automatically controlling the dampers 24a, 24b, 25a, 25b, and is configured so that the waste 12 can continuously pass while sealing the inlet 1a and the outlet 1b of the gasification furnace main body 1 as much as possible. . That is, the inlet dampers 24a and 24b are used for the waste 12 by the transfer device 2.
Is transferred to the vicinity of the inlet 1a of the gasification furnace main body 1,
First the outer inlet damper 24a is opened, then the waste 1
When 2 is transferred into the inlet 1a (between the outer inlet damper 24a and the inner inlet damper 24b), the outer inlet damper 24a is closed first, then the inner inlet damper 24a is opened, and the waste When 12 is transferred into the furnace 1c, the inner inlet damper 24b is controlled to be closed. On the other hand, in the outlet dampers 25a and 25b, when the waste 12 is transferred in the furnace 1c by the transfer device 2 and reaches the vicinity of the inner outlet damper 25a, the inner outlet damper 25a is first opened, and then the waste 12 is discharged. Is transferred into the outlet 1b (between the inner outlet damper 25a and the outer outlet damper 25b), the inner outlet damper 25a is first closed, then the outer outlet damper 25b is opened, and the waste 12 Are transferred to the outside of the furnace, the outer outlet dampers 25b are each controlled to be closed.

In FIG. 1, 29 is a gasification furnace main body 1
A water-sealed flight conveyor, 30 that is disposed on the bottom of the furnace and discharges fallen substances to the outside of the furnace, is disposed on the gasification furnace main body 1, and it is necessary to raise the temperature inside the furnace 1c according to the type of plastic. This is an auxiliary combustion burner used when
0 is configured to detect the temperature of the inside of the furnace 1c by a temperature detector (not shown) and control based on the temperature detected by this temperature detector. Further, 31 is the gasification furnace main body 1
A sorting station provided at a position behind the exit 1b for collecting iron, non-ferrous metal, noble metal, and glass of the waste 12, and a pressing machine 32 for converting the collected iron into an iron ingot.

Next, the operation of the household appliances waste treatment device will be described. Waste from home appliances such as TVs and refrigerators 1
When 2 is transferred to the vicinity of the inlet 1a of the gasification furnace main body 1 by the transfer device 2, the outer inlet damper 24a is opened. As a result, the waste 12 is transferred into the inlet 1a (between the outer inlet damper 24a and the inner inlet damper 24b).

When the waste 12 is transferred into the inlet 1a,
The outer inlet damper 24a is closed first, and then the inner inlet damper 24b is opened. As a result, waste 12
Are transferred to the furnace 1c. At this time, since the outer inlet damper 24a is closed and the inner inlet damper 24b is opened, air is prevented from entering from the inlet 1a into the furnace 1c as much as possible.

When the waste 12 is transferred to the furnace 1c, the inner inlet damper 24b is closed, and the waste 12 is transferred to the transfer device 2.
Thus, the inside of the furnace 1c is transferred from the inlet 1a side to the outlet 1b side. At this time, a predetermined temperature (a temperature at which various plastics can be thermally decomposed, for example, 300 ° C. to 400 ° C.) or 700
Since the exhaust gas G of (° C.) is supplied from the exhaust gas supply port 1d, the plastics contained in the waste 12 are thermally decomposed and gasified. As a result, the waste 12 is transferred to the outlet 1b side with the plastics completely removed. Incidentally, FIG. 4 shows a thermal decomposition curve depending on the type of plastic, and most plastics are almost completely gasified at 650 ° C. Therefore, plastics can be almost completely gasified at the temperature of the exhaust gas G.

On the other hand, the gas G'generated in the furnace 1c is discharged from the gas outlet 1e, introduced into the combustion chamber 4a of the refuse incinerator, and completely burned. As a result, the gas G ′ containing impurities such as hydrogen chloride gas does not need to be post-treated by a gas cleaning device or the like, and the treatment cost can be reduced.

[0023] Incidentally, since the lower portion of the combustion chamber 4a of incinerator has become -10 to-15 mmH ₂ O by the buoyancy of the furnace gas, gas G generated in the furnace 1c 'is automatically combustion chamber 4
It is sucked to a. Further, since each roller 2a arranged in the furnace 1c is cooled by the cooling device 18,
Adhesion of clinker is prevented. Furthermore, fallen objects that have fallen to the bottom of the furnace (residues generated by the thermal decomposition of plastic)
After being cooled, it is discharged to the outside by a water-sealed flight conveyor and collected.

Then, the waste 12 from which the plastics have been removed is transferred through the furnace 1c and the outlet damper 25 inside
When it comes near a, the inner outlet damper 25a is opened. Thereby, the waste 12 is transferred into the outlet 1b (between the inner outlet damper 25a and the outer outlet damper 25b).

When the waste 12 is transferred into the outlet 1b,
The inner outlet damper 25a is closed first, and then the outer outlet damper 25b is opened. As a result, waste 12
Are transferred outside the furnace. At this time, the inner outlet damper 2
Since the outer outlet damper 25b is opened after closing 5a, air is prevented from entering the furnace 1c through the outlet 1b as much as possible.

From the outlet 1b of the gasifier main body 1 to the sorting station 31
The waste 12 transferred to (1) is mechanically or manually decomposed and separated into iron, non-ferrous metal, noble metal, glass, etc., and the iron is squeezed on three sides by the press machine 32 to be collected as an iron ingot. At this time, since the plastics have already been removed, the remains (ferrous, non-ferrous metal, precious metal,
The collection of glass etc. will be easy and the quality of the sorted and collected products will be high. Incidentally, the waste 12 such as a television including glass can also be recovered by slightly lowering the gasification temperature.

In the above embodiment, the opening / closing device 3 has the double damper structure, but in other embodiments, the opening / closing device 3 has the double shutter structure. May be.

In the above embodiment, each roller 2a is water-cooled, but in other embodiments, each roller 2a may be air-cooled.

In the above embodiment, each roller 2a is made of a thick stainless steel tube, but in other embodiments, each roller 2a is made of a heat-resistant / refractory material such as a ceramic material. You can

[0030]

As described above, the apparatus for treating household electric appliances according to the present invention introduces high-temperature exhaust gas from the refuse incinerator into the main body of the gasification furnace, and the plastics contained in the waste of household electric appliances in the furnace. Is thermally decomposed into gas by the exhaust gas, and the waste can be taken out in a state where plastics are removed. As a result, post-treatment of combustibles is not required, and the treatment cost can be reduced, and the ferrous, non-ferrous metals, precious metals, glass, etc. can be easily recovered, and the recovered metals, etc. will be of high quality. . Moreover, since the waste heat of the waste incinerator is used and the harmful gas generated in the gasification furnace main body is returned to the incinerator and completely burned, a gas post-treatment device is not required, and further The processing cost can be reduced. Furthermore, the switchgear provided on the inlet side and outlet side of the gasification furnace main body has a double damper structure to prevent air from entering the furnace as much as possible, so that combustion and explosion in the furnace are prevented. It can be prevented and the device can be operated safely. However, the waste can be continuously passed through the inside of the gasification furnace main body, which enables continuous operation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional front view showing a state in which a household appliances waste treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention is attached to a refuse incinerator.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a household electrical appliance waste processing device.

FIG. 3 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional side view of the household electrical appliances waste treatment device.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the degree of decomposition of various plastics with temperature.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 is a gasification furnace main body, 1a is an inlet, 1b is an outlet, 2 is a transfer device, 3 is an opening / closing device, 4a is a combustion chamber, 12 is waste, 2
4a and 24b are inlet dampers, 25a and 25b are outlet dampers, 26 is a drive mechanism, 27 is a detector, and 28 is a controller.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B09B 3/00 B29B 17/00 F23G 5/027 ZAB

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. An exhaust gas (G) having a temperature higher than the thermal decomposition temperature of plastics is attracted from a refuse incinerator, each having an inlet (1a) and an outlet (1b) through which a waste product (12) of home electric appliances can pass. The main body of the gasification furnace, which is configured to thermally decompose the plastics contained in the waste (12) and to return the gas (G ') generated by the thermal decomposition to the combustion chamber (4a) of the refuse incinerator (4a). 1), a transfer device (2) for transferring the waste (12) from the inlet (1a) side to the outlet (1b) side, and the inlet (1a) side and the outlet (1b) side of the gasification furnace main body (1). And a switchgear (3) for opening and closing the entrance (1a) and the exit (1b) as needed. 2. The switchgear (3) comprises a gasification furnace main body (1).
Dual-structured inlet dampers (24a), (24b) that are openable and closable at regular intervals inside the inlet (1a) of the
And dual-structured outlet dampers (25a), (25b) provided in the outlet (1b) of the gasification furnace main body (1) at regular intervals so as to be opened and closed, and the dampers (24a), ( Two
4b), (25a), a drive mechanism (26) for driving (25b) and the presence or absence of waste (12) when the waste (12) passes through the inlet (1a) and the outlet (1b). A detector (27) and each damper (24a), (24b), (25) based on the detection signal from the detector (27).
a) and (25b) are automatically controlled by a controller (28), and an inlet (1a) and an outlet (1) of the gasifier main body (1) are provided.
The household appliance waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the waste (12) is configured to be able to pass continuously while sealing b).