JP3462796B2 - Three-dimensional display method and device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional display method and device, and more particularly to a three-dimensional display method and device capable of electronically reproducing a three-dimensional stereoscopic image with a reduced amount of information.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal shutter spectacle system shown in FIG. 22 is well known as a conventional device which is electrically rewritable, has a small amount of information, and enables stereoscopic display of moving images.
The principle of the liquid crystal shutter glasses system will be described below. In this liquid crystal shutter glasses system, a camera (6
02, 603), the three-dimensional object 601 is photographed from different directions, and an image (parallax image) obtained by photographing the three-dimensional object 601 from different directions is generated. Camera (602, 603)
The video image captured by the video signal conversion device 604 is combined into one video signal, and the two-dimensional display device (for example,
CRT display device) 605. The observer 607 is
Two-dimensional display device 605 wearing liquid crystal shutter glasses 606
Observe the image of. Here, when the two-dimensional display device 605 is displaying the image of the camera 603, the left side of the liquid crystal shutter glasses 606 is in a non-transmissive state and the right side is in a transmissive state.
Further, when the two-dimensional display device 605 is displaying the image of the camera 602, the left side of the liquid crystal shutter glasses 606 is in a transparent state and the right side is in a non-transparent state. When the above operations are switched at high speed, a parallax image is felt by both eyes due to the afterimage effect of the eyes. Therefore, stereoscopic viewing by binocular parallax is possible.

[0003]

However, in the liquid crystal shutter glasses method shown in FIG. 22, there is a great contradiction between binocular parallax, convergence and focus adjustment among the physiological factors of stereoscopic vision. That is, in the liquid crystal shutter glasses method shown in FIG. 22, the binocular parallax and the convergence can be almost satisfied,
Since the focusing surface is on the display surface, this contradiction causes a problem such as eye strain. The above-mentioned problems are common to the conventional binocular stereoscopic display device and multi-view stereoscopic display device. The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional display method and apparatus capable of suppressing inconsistency between physiological factors of stereoscopic vision. To provide. Another object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional display method and device that can be electrically rewritten and can display moving images. The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the description of this specification and the accompanying drawings.

[0004]

Among the inventions disclosed in the present application, a brief description will be given to the outline of typical ones.
It is as follows. That is, according to the present invention, a plurality of twin-lens type or a plurality of display surfaces are provided on each of the plurality of display surfaces having different depth positions.
By the eye type stereoscopic display means, the right and left eyes of the observer
The right and left parallax images to be displayed object to be presented is separated respectively show Table, a three-dimensional representation method for generating a three-dimensional image, right and the display object to be displayed on the plurality of display surface It is characterized in that the brightness of the left parallax image is changed independently for each display surface. In the present invention, when the display target object is an object displayed at a depth position close to an observer, the display target object to be displayed on a display surface close to the observer among the plurality of display surfaces is displayed. The brightness of the right and left parallax images is increased, and the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the display surface far from the observer is decreased, and the display target object is a depth position far from the observer. In the case of an object displayed in, the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the display surface closer to the observer of the plurality of display surfaces is lowered, and the display surface far from the observer is displayed. The brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object to be displayed is increased. In the present invention, the right and left parallax images of the display target object are
The right and left parallax images of the display target object are displayed on the plurality of display surfaces so as to overlap with each other when viewed from the right eye and the left eye, and the overall brightness seen by an observer is equal to the brightness of the display target object. It is characterized in that Further, the present invention is characterized in that a three-dimensional moving image is generated by displaying the right and left parallax images of the display target object by sequentially switching in time. The present invention also right and left parallax images of the display target object in a case, including those <br/> body image you move in the depth direction is the direction in which the moving direction of the object approaches the observer In this case, in synchronization with the switching of the right and left parallax images of the display target object, sequentially increase the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface of the plurality of display surfaces close to the observer, from the observer. The luminance of the object image displayed on the far display surface is sequentially lowered, and when the moving direction of the object is a direction away from the observer, in synchronization with the switching of the right and left parallax images of the display target object. , Sequentially lowering the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface of the plurality of display surfaces closer to the observer, and sequentially increasing the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface far from the observer. To do.

The present invention is also a three-dimensional display device, comprising first means for generating right and left parallax images of a display target object, and right and left of the display target object generated by the first means. By displaying the left parallax image on each of the multiple display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from the viewer ,
The right and left parallax images of the display target object are
Multiple binocular display with separate presentation for right and left eyes
Or a third means for changing the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display object displayed on the respective display surfaces independently for each display surface. And means. In the present invention, the second means is a twin-lens stereoscopic display device with a plurality of glasses,
Of the binocular stereoscopic display device with a plurality of glasses, combined with the binocular stereoscopic display device arranged at the farthest depth position from the observer, the image displayed on the binocular stereoscopic display device of the observer. A total reflection mirror or a partial reflection mirror arranged as an image on the line of sight, and a binocular stereoscopic display device other than the binocular stereoscopic display device arranged at the farthest position from the observer, each binocular type It is characterized in that it is composed of a partial reflecting mirror for arranging an image displayed on the stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of an observer, and twin-eye glasses. In the present invention, the second means may be arranged such that a plurality of binocular stereoscopic display devices with glasses and a plurality of binocular stereoscopic display devices with glasses are arranged at a depth position farthest from an observer. A combination of a total reflection mirror and a lens, or a combination of a partial reflection mirror and a lens, which is combined with an eye type stereoscopic display device and arranges an image displayed on the binocular type stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of an observer. And an image displayed on each twin-lens type stereoscopic display device, which is combined with a twin-lens type three-dimensional display device other than the twin-lens type three-dimensional display device arranged at a depth position farthest from the observer. It is characterized in that it is composed of a combination of a partial reflecting mirror and a lens arranged as an image on a line, and twin-lens glasses. Further, in the present invention, the second means is most preferred by an observer among a plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses and the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses. Total reflection in combination with a twin-lens or multi-lens stereoscopic display device placed at a distant depth position and arranging the image displayed on the twin-lens or multi-lens stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of the observer. Mirror or partial reflecting mirror, combined with a twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device other than the twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device arranged at a depth position farthest from the observer, each twin-lens type or It is characterized in that it is composed of a partial reflecting mirror for arranging an image displayed on the multi-view stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of an observer. Further, in the present invention, the second means is most preferred by an observer among a plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses and the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses. Total reflection in combination with a twin-lens or multi-lens stereoscopic display device placed at a distant depth position and arranging the image displayed on the twin-lens or multi-lens stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of the observer. A combination of a mirror and a lens, or a combination of a partial reflecting mirror and a lens, and a binocular or multi-view stereo other than a binocular or multi-view stereo display device that is arranged at a depth position farthest from the observer. A combination of a display device and a combination of a partial reflecting mirror and a lens for arranging an image displayed on each binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of an observer. And Further, in the invention, the second means is a plurality of scattering plates arranged at different depth positions viewed from an observer and capable of switching control between a transmission state and a scattering state, or a reflection state and a transmission state. A plurality of switchable control reflectors, a plurality of projection-type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices that project a parallax image on each of the plurality of scatterers or the plurality of reflectors, and the plurality of scatterers Or it is arranged between a plurality of reflectors and the plurality of projection type binocular or multi-eye stereoscopic display devices, and switches between the transmission state and the scattering state of the plurality of scattering plates, or the reflection of the plurality of reflecting plates. It is characterized by comprising a plurality of shutters that switch between a transparent state and a blocking state in synchronization with switching between the transparent state and the transparent state. Further, the present invention is characterized in that a lens optical system is installed between a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions viewed from the observer and the observer.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In all the drawings for explaining the embodiments, the same reference numerals are given to those having the same function, and the repeated description thereof will be omitted.

[First Embodiment] In the following embodiments,
The expression "surface" on which an image is placed is used, but this expression is similar to the image surface that is often used in optics, and means for realizing such an image surface are, for example, a lens and total reflection. Various optical elements such as mirrors, partial reflecting mirrors, bending mirrors, prisms, polarizing elements, and wave plates, for example, CRT, liquid crystal display, LED display, plasma display, FED display, DMD display, projection display, line drawing type It is obvious that this can be realized by many optical combination techniques using a two-dimensional display device such as a display. Further, in the following embodiments, a case where a presented three-dimensional object is mainly displayed as a two-dimensional image on two surfaces will be described. However, it is clear that the same effect can be expected even if the three-dimensional objects are provided on two or more surfaces. is there.

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a plurality of planes, for example, planes (101, 102) (for example, plane 101 is plane 1) are provided in front of the right and left eyes of observer 100.
02) closer to the observer 100) and to display a plurality of two-dimensional images on these surfaces, for example, a binocular stereoscopic display device or a multi-eye stereoscopic display device, and various optical elements. To construct the optical system 103 (details will be described later in the second and subsequent embodiments). Here, as the binocular stereoscopic display device, for example, anaglyph glasses system, polarizing glasses system, liquid crystal shutter glasses system, parallax barrier system, lenticular system, diffraction grating system, large concave-convex lens system, etc., As the multi-view stereoscopic display device, for example, a lenticular system, a projector multi-view system, a diffraction grating system, or the like can be used. Further, as various optical elements, for example, a lens, a total reflection mirror, a partial reflection mirror, a curved mirror, or the like. A mirror, a prism, a polarizing element, a wave plate, etc. can be used.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2, a left parallax image GL and a right parallax image GR of the three-dimensional object 104 to be presented to the observer 100 are generated. This parallax image GL for the left eye is, as shown in FIG. 1, a two-dimensional image (1L) on each surface (101, 102).
5, 1L6). In this case, each surface (10
Two-dimensional image (1L5, 1L6) displayed on (1, 102)
Are overlapped with each other when viewed from the left eye of the observer 100.
Similarly, the parallax image GR for the right eye is displayed on each surface (101, 10
It is displayed in 2) as a two-dimensional image (1R5, 1R6). In this case, the two-dimensional images (1R5, 1R6) displayed on the respective surfaces (101, 102) are made to overlap each other when viewed from the right eye of the observer 100. The method of generating the left and right parallax images is, for example, a method of using a two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional object 104 captured by a camera from the direction of the line of sight of each eye, or a method of combining two-dimensional images captured from different directions. There are various methods such as a method, a synthesis technique using computer graphics, or a method using modeling.

In the present embodiment, this two-dimensional image (1R
5,1R6,1L5,1L6), as shown in FIG.
Surfaces (101, 102) so that they completely overlap when viewed from the left eye
The surface (101, 10) so that it completely overlaps when viewed from the right eye.
In 2), the left and right eyes are separately displayed by using the principle of the twin-lens type stereoscopic display device or the multi-lens type stereoscopic display device. With this configuration, the left two-dimensional image (1L5, 1L6) created from the left parallax image GL is displayed to the left eye of the observer 100.
Only the right two-dimensional image (1R5, 1R6) created from the right parallax image GR is visible to the right eye of the observer 100. An important point in this embodiment is that the device having the above-mentioned configuration is used for two-dimensional images (1R5, 1R6, 1L5,
L6) while keeping the overall brightness of the observer 100 constant (that is, the overall brightness of the observer 100 is equal to the brightness of the three-dimensional object to be displayed). ), The depth position corresponding to the parallax of the three-dimensional object 104 is changed. An example of how to change that,
As described below. Since both eyes are the same,
6 to 6, only the right eye is shown, and since FIGS. 3 to 6 are black and white drawings, the higher brightness is shown darker for easier understanding.

For example, when a three-dimensional object is displayed at a depth position corresponding to the position on the surface 101, the brightness of the two-dimensional image 1R5 of the surface 101 is changed to the brightness of the three-dimensional object as shown in FIG. The brightness of the two-dimensional image 1R6 on the surface 102 is set to be zero. Next, for example, the three-dimensional object is the observer 10
A little away from 0, the three-dimensional object, the surface 101 from the surface 1
When displaying at a depth position slightly closer to the 02 side, the brightness of the two-dimensional image 1R5 is slightly lowered and the brightness of the two-dimensional image 1R6 is slightly raised, as shown in FIG. Furthermore, for example, when the three-dimensional object is moved further away from the observer 100 and the three-dimensional object is displayed at a depth position closer to the surface 102 side than the surface 101, as shown in FIG. Two-dimensional image 1R
Increase the brightness of 6. Finally, for example, when a three-dimensional object is displayed at the corresponding depth position on the surface 102, the brightness of the two-dimensional image 1R6 on the surface 102 is made equal to the brightness of the three-dimensional object as shown in FIG. , The luminance of the two-dimensional image 1R5 on the surface 101 is set to zero.

In the present embodiment, since the two-dimensional images presented to the left and right eyes are left and right parallax images, the binocular stereoscopic display device or the multi-eye stereoscopic display device is caused only by the factor of human parallax. Similarly, the observer can perceive stereoscopically. Furthermore, by displaying the left and right parallax images as in this embodiment, the displayed surface is separated from the surface (101, 102) in the depth direction due to a physiological or psychological factor of a person. Even if it is a flat surface, the focus adjustment for the observer 100 is
The position of the three-dimensional object in the middle of 01 and the surface 102 is localized. That is, for example, when two-dimensional images with substantially equal brightness are displayed on the surfaces 101 and 102, it is felt that a three-dimensional object exists near the middle of the depth positions of the surfaces 101 and 102. Further, in the present embodiment, unlike the conventional device shown in FIG. 22, there are at least two surfaces for actually displaying an image with the illusionary position sandwiched therebetween, so that there is a binocular parallax that is present in the conventional method. It is considered that the contradiction between convergence and focus adjustment can be greatly suppressed, and eye strain and the like can be suppressed.
Further, unlike the conventional device, there is an advantage that the focus adjustment perfectly matches the illusion position. Further, in the present embodiment, images that are completely overlapped with each other are used for both the left eye and the right eye, and therefore, there is an advantage that the resolution of the presented three-dimensional stereoscopic image can be easily increased.

Further, in the present embodiment, since the physiological or psychological factor of the person or the illusion of the person due to only the change of the brightness of the two-dimensional image is utilized, the light source, in particular, the coherent light source such as a laser is used. It has an advantage that it is not necessary and is easily colored. Further, in the present embodiment, since it does not include a mechanical drive unit, it has advantages that it is suitable for weight reduction, improvement in reliability, and the like. In addition, in the present embodiment, the description has been made mainly on only two surfaces among the surfaces on which the two-dimensional image is arranged, and the object presented to the observer 100 is between the two surfaces. Needless to say, the same configuration is possible even when the number of surfaces on which the two-dimensional image is arranged is larger than this or the position of the presented object is different. According to the present invention, it is clear that each binocular stereoscopic display device or multi-view stereoscopic display device has a display speed capable of supporting a moving image, and that the moving image can be displayed in the left, right, up, and down directions when viewed from the observer 100. Also, it is obvious that it is possible to change the brightness of a plurality of surfaces in the depth direction for each frame. Furthermore, if the above-mentioned two-dimensional image is displayed in one frame, it may be displayed simultaneously, at different times, or simultaneously at a certain time and separately at other times. However, it is clear that the principle of the afterimage effect does not affect the effect of the present invention.

[Second Embodiment] A binocular stereoscopic display device or a multi-eye stereoscopic display device, which is a constituent element of the optical system 103 in the above-described embodiment, will be described below. First, in the above-described embodiment, the overall schematic configuration in the case of using a binocular stereoscopic display device without glasses or a multiview stereoscopic display device with the optical system 103 as a constituent element is as shown in FIG. . Next, FIG. 7 shows an overall schematic configuration in the case where a binocular stereoscopic display device with glasses is used as a constituent element of the optical system 103 in the embodiment. On the front surface of the observer 100, a plurality of surfaces, for example, the surfaces (101, 10
2) In order to set (for example, the surface 101 is closer to the observer 100 than the surface 102) and display a plurality of left and right parallax images on these surfaces, for example, a binocular stereoscopic display device with glasses (for example, An optical system 103 using various types of optical elements (for example, a lens, a total reflection mirror, a partial reflection mirror, a curved mirror, a prism, a polarization element, a wavelength plate, etc.) and an anaglyph glasses method, a polarization glasses method, a liquid crystal shutter glasses method, etc. (Details will be described below). The observer 100 wears twin-lens glasses 110 (for example, anaglyph glasses, polarizing glasses, liquid crystal shutter glasses, etc.) 110 of a system that matches the above-described twin-lens stereoscopic display device with glasses. With this configuration, the observer 1
In the left eye of 00, only the left two-dimensional image (1L5, 1L6) created from the left parallax image GL can be seen, and in the right eye of the observer 100, the right two-dimensional image created from the right parallax image GR ( 1
Only R5, 1R6) can be seen.

The optical system 1 shown in FIG. 1 or 7 is described below.
A specific configuration of No. 03 will be described. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the optical system 103 shown in FIG. 1 or 7. The optical system 103 shown in FIG. 8 includes a plurality of twin-lens stereoscopic display devices,
Alternatively, the multi-view stereoscopic display device (201, 202) and the total reflection mirror 203 (for example, reflectance / transmittance = 100 /
0), the partial reflecting mirror 204 (for example, reflectance / transmittance = 5)
0/50) is used. Here, as the binocular stereoscopic display device, for example, an anaglyph eyeglass system, a polarizing eyeglass system, a liquid crystal shutter eyeglass system, a parallax barrier system, a lenticular system, a diffraction grating system, a large convex lens system, etc. As the eye type stereoscopic display device, for example, a lenticular method, a projector multi-eye method, a diffraction grating method, or the like is used. In the optical system shown in FIG.
By changing the respective arrangements, the two-dimensional image of the twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device 201 is reflected by the total reflection mirror 203, and the surface 205 formed by passing through the partial reflection mirror 204 and the twin-lens type or multi-lens type. The surface 206 formed by reflecting the two-dimensional image of the eye type stereoscopic display device 202 on the partial reflection mirror 204 can be arranged at a different position in the depth direction. In such an optical system, since only the mirror is used, there is an advantage that the deterioration of the image quality is small.

FIG. 9 is an optical system 1 shown in FIG. 1 or 7.
It is a figure which shows the other example of 03. Optical system 103 shown in FIG.
Is a configuration in which the position of the surface can be changed more flexibly by including convex lenses (207, 208) in the optical system shown in FIG. In the optical system shown in FIG. 9, a plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices (20
1, 202), a total reflection mirror 203 (for example, reflectance / transmittance = 100/0), and a partial reflection mirror 204 (for example, reflectance / transmittance = 50/50), for example, a convex lens (207 , 208) to change the image position, the surface 20 which is limited by the size limitation of the device.
It is possible to more flexibly set the positional relationship between the No. 5 and the surface 206. Of course, the use of a lens optical system that uses not only a convex lens but also a combination lens may be advantageous in terms of distortion, as in the case of a normal lens optical system. Further, in this case, the case where the virtual image is used is shown as an example, but it is obvious that the same can be done when the real image is used.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of the optical system 103 shown in FIG. 1 or 7. Optical system 1 shown in FIG.
Reference numeral 03 denotes a system in which a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device is further added to the optical system shown in FIG. That is, a plurality of twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display devices (211, 212,
213, 214, 215) and, for example, a total reflection mirror 216.
(Eg reflectance / transmittance = 100/0), partial reflecting mirror 217 (eg reflectance / transmittance = 50/50), 21
8 (for example, reflectance / transmittance = 33.3 / 66.7),
219 (for example, reflectance / transmittance = 25/75), 22
0 (for example, reflectance / transmittance = 20/80),
An optical system for arranging a plurality of binary images is configured. In the optical system 103 shown in FIG. 10, the two-dimensional image of the binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device 211 is reflected by the total reflection mirror 216 to change the partial reflection mirrors (217 to 220) by changing the respective arrangements. A transparent surface 221 and
Binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device (212 to 215)
Of the two-dimensional image of each of which is reflected by the partial reflection mirrors (217 to 220) and further transmitted through the partial reflection mirrors (222 to 2).
25) can be arranged at different positions in the depth direction. Since the optical system 103 shown in FIG. 10 uses only a mirror, it has an advantage of little deterioration in image quality. Note that FIG. 10 describes the case where the number of binocular or multi-lens type stereoscopic display devices is 5, but it is obvious that the same configuration can be made with other numbers. Also in this case, it is similarly clear that the position of the surface can be easily controlled by adding the lens optical system as shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another example of the optical system 103 shown in FIG. 1 or 7. Optical system 1 shown in FIG.
Reference numeral 03 denotes a plurality of projector-type twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display devices (231, 232, 233, 234, 23).
5) and shutters (241, 242, 243, 244,
245) and the scattering plates (236, 237, 238, 23)
9, 240) from each projector type binocular type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device (231 to 235) through shutters (241 to 245) and scattering plates (236 to 24).
The optical system for arranging a plurality of binary images is constructed by projecting a two-dimensional image on (0). here,
The scattering plates (236 to 240) are, for example, a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal device, a holographic polymer dispersion type liquid crystal device, a combination device of liquid crystal and a multi-lens array, a scattering state / transmission state, a reflection state / transmission state. The state can be controlled. Further, the shutters (241 to 245) are, for example, twisted nematic liquid crystal elements, ferroelectric liquid crystal elements,
Alternatively, the transmission / blocking state can be controlled like a mechanical shutter element. Scattering plate (236-24
0) are arranged with different depth positions, and these scattering plates (2
36 to 240), the respective focusing surfaces of the projector type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices (231 to 235) are aligned to project a two-dimensional image, and the scattering plate (236 to 2).
40) is driven in synchronization with the timing of the scattering state / transmission state of the shutter 40 and the timing of the transmission state / blocking state of the shutters 241-245, so that the scattering plate (2) is time-divided.
36-240), the depth position of the surface formed above can be controlled. As in the optical system 103 shown in FIG. 11, a projector-type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device (231 to 231) is used.
235) has the advantage that the degree of freedom in the layout of the device is large. In the optical system 103 shown in FIG. 11, the case where the number of projector-type binocular or multi-lens stereoscopic display devices is five has been described, but it is clear that the same configuration can be made with other numbers. . Also,
Instead of the shutters (241 to 245), the lamp of the projector type two-dimensional display device (231 to 235) is turned on / off.
Obviously, it may be turned off. In the above embodiment, the vicinity of the three-dimensional display device, or the case where there is a surface inside or deeper than this, was mainly described, but by adding an optical device to these surfaces, apart from the two-dimensional display device, Alternatively, it can be easily arranged on the front surface. An example thereof is shown in FIG. For example, it is apparent that the inner surface 302 can be converted to the position of the outer surface 304 by disposing the lens optical system 303 on the front surface of the optical system 301 described in the above embodiment. In such a case, since the three-dimensional stereoscopic image floats in the space and is reproduced, there is an advantage that it is easier for a person to perceive the three-dimensional stereoscopic image as compared with the case where the three-dimensional stereoscopic image is inside or behind the device.

[Embodiment 3] In this embodiment, a twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device which can be used in each of the above-described embodiments will be described. For example, as described in "3D Display" (Chihiro Masuda, Sangyo Tosho Co., Ltd.), a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device is a stereoscopic display device of the three-dimensional object, the left and right parallax images of the right eye, This is a device that provides a means for distributing to the left eye, and is a system in which an observer can perceive a three-dimensional display by fusing the distributed left and right parallax images. In particular, in the case of the multi-view system, it is a system that can be applied by providing a parallax image viewed from the position of the observer even when the observer moves. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a polarizing glasses type twin-lens stereoscopic display device that can be used in each of the above-described embodiments. The two-dimensional stereoscopic display device of the polarized glasses type shown in FIG. 13 is a two-dimensional display device (for example, CRT, P
DP, liquid crystal display, etc.) (401, 402),
Polarizing filter (403, 404), half mirror 40
And an optical system including 5. The main axis is 2 in the polarization direction.
With a book, the polarization filter transmits light in the same polarization direction as the polarization direction of the polarization filter and does not transmit light in the polarization direction orthogonal thereto. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, by appropriately matching the polarization directions of the polarization filters (403, 404) arranged in front of the two-dimensional display device (401, 402) and the polarization glasses 406, Only the light from the two-dimensional display device 401 for the right eye can reach the right eye, and only the light from the two-dimensional display device 402 for the left eye can reach the left eye.

FIG. 14 is a view showing an example of an anaglyph type twin-lens type stereoscopic display device which can be used in each of the embodiments. The anaglyph type twin-lens type stereoscopic display device shown in FIG. 14 is a two-dimensional display device (for example, CRT, PDP, liquid crystal display, etc.) and glasses 412 with red-blue filters.
It is composed of an optical system including and. Red and blue are almost complementary in color, and the red part is almost invisible with the blue filter, and vice versa. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 14, the left and right parallax images are displayed in red and blue on the display surface 411 of the two-dimensional display device, and the glasses 412 with red-blue filters are used.
In combination with the above, only the light from the right parallax image reaches the right eye, and only the light from the left parallax image reaches the left eye.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a liquid crystal shutter eyeglass type twin-lens type stereoscopic display device which can be used in each of the embodiments. The liquid crystal shutter glasses type twin-lens type stereoscopic display device shown in FIG. 15 is a two-dimensional display device (for example, CRT,
(PDP, liquid crystal display, etc.) 421 and shutter glasses 422. Here, the shutter glasses 422
Is composed of a polarizing plate (423, 425) and a polarizing element 424 capable of temporally changing the polarization direction by a voltage. In FIG. 15, 426 is an element driver. In the binocular stereoscopic display device of the liquid crystal shutter glasses method shown in FIG. 15, right and left parallax images are alternately displayed on the two-dimensional display device 421, and in synchronization with this, the left and right eyes of the shutter glasses 422 are displayed. Is turned on and off alternately. By performing this within the afterimage time of a person, there is no flicker, only the parallax image for the right eye displayed on the two-dimensional display device 421 reaches the right eye, and the parallax image for the left eye is displayed on the two-dimensional display device 421. Only the parallax image for the left eye can reach. Heretofore, an example of using the twin-lens stereoscopic display device that requires the observer to wear glasses has been described. In such a method, there is a drawback that compels the observer to wear glasses, but since there is almost no restriction on the observation position, even if a plurality of these devices are used as in the present invention, the arrangement thereof This has the advantage that it is easy and the range of observation positions can be made large.

Next, an example of using a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device without glasses will be described below.
In this case, in many cases, the position of the observer is greatly restricted. Therefore, when this is applied to the present invention, it is clear that it is necessary to arrange the devices so that the observation positions of a plurality of twin-eye or multi-eye stereoscopic display devices overlap. In this method, there is a drawback that the observation position is limited by this, but the observer is not required to wear glasses,
Further, in the case of the multi-view type, there is an advantage that it can respond to the movement of the observer. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a parallax barrier type twin-lens stereoscopic display device that can be used in each of the above-described embodiments. The parallax barrier type twin-lens stereoscopic display device shown in FIG. 16 is a two-dimensional display device (for example,
CRT, PDP, liquid crystal display, etc.) 431 and a parallax barrier 432. As shown in FIG. 16, the parallax barrier 432 can separately present the parallax image for the right eye and the parallax image for the left eye according to the position of the pixel and the position of the left and right eyes of the two-dimensional display device 431 located immediately before the parallax barrier 432. . Therefore, as shown in FIG.
By appropriately matching the pixel array of the two-dimensional display device 431 and the pitch of the parallax barrier 432, only the parallax image for the right eye displayed on the two-dimensional display device 431 reaches the right eye, and the left eye does not. Can only reach the parallax image for the left eye displayed on the two-dimensional display device 431.

FIG. 17 is a view showing an example of a lenticular type twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device which can be used in each of the embodiments. The lenticular-type twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device shown in FIG. 17A is a two-dimensional display device (eg, CRT, PDP, liquid crystal display) 441 and lenticular screen 442.
It is composed of an optical system including and. As shown in the principle diagram of FIG. 17B, the lenticular screen 442 has a function of changing the light traveling direction of the pixel according to the position of the pixel of the two-dimensional display device 441 located immediately before the lenticular screen 442.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 17, the two-dimensional display device 44
By appropriately adjusting the pixel arrangement of 1 and the pitch of the lenticular screen 442, only the right-eye parallax image displayed on the two-dimensional display device 441 reaches the right eye, and the two-dimensional display device reaches the left eye. Only the parallax image for the left eye displayed at 441 can be reached. Further, by displaying many multi-view parallax images (left-right parallax images when viewed from various angles) within one pitch of the lenticular screen 442, it is possible to provide a multi-view stereoscopic display device.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a projector type twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device which can be used in each of the embodiments. The projector type twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device shown in FIG. 18 includes a plurality of two-dimensional display projectors (for example, CRT type, liquid crystal type, DLP type) 451 and a Fresnel lens 453.
And lenticular screen (double-sided lens type) 454
It is composed of an optical system including and. As shown in FIG. 18, the double-sided lens-type lenticular screen 454 has a function of providing light from a plurality of projectors 451 to the eyes located at positions along the direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, by appropriately aligning the arrangement of the plurality of projectors 451 with the position of the lenticular screen 454, only the light from the projector for the right eye can reach the right eye, and the light in the left eye can reach. Can only reach the light from the projector for the left eye. In addition, as shown in FIG.
By using a plurality of two or more projectors and, if necessary, a half mirror 452 to display a large number of multi-view parallax images (left-right parallax images when viewed from various angles), It can also be a stereoscopic display device.

FIG. 19 is a view showing an example of a diffraction grating type twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device which can be used in each of the embodiments. A diffraction grating type twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device shown in FIG. 19 is a two-dimensional display device (eg, CRT, PDP, liquid crystal display, etc.) 461.
And an optical system including the multi-diffraction grating element 462. As shown in FIG. 19, the diffraction grating 462 has a function of changing the traveling direction of light of the pixel of the two-dimensional display device 461 located immediately before the diffraction grating 462. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 19, a two-dimensional display device 461 and a multi-diffraction grating element 462 in which a plurality of diffraction gratings having different directions are combined.
By appropriately adjusting the pitch with the pixel array of, the parallax image for the right eye displayed on the two-dimensional display device 461 reaches the right eye, and the left eye displayed on the two-dimensional display device 461 for the left eye. Only parallax images for the eye can reach. In addition, the number of types of diffraction gratings should be two or more, and many multi-view parallax images (left and right parallax images when viewed from various angles) are displayed on the multi-view stereoscopic display device. You can also

Next, the case where the head track method is used will be described. As described above, in the binocular stereoscopic display device with glasses, the image cannot change with the movement of the observer. Further, in the binocular stereoscopic display device without glasses, the position range allowed for the observer is narrow. Therefore, the position of the observer is detected by, for example, an infrared sensor, a magnetic sensor, a sensor using a camera and image processing, and the image is changed or the observation position is changed by the head track. It is a technique. Clearly, the use of this technique is also useful in the present invention. As an example of the head track system, a large convex lens system (backlight division system) will be described.

20 and 21 are views showing an example of a large-convex lens type twin-lens type stereoscopic display device which can be used in each of the above-mentioned embodiments. FIG. 20 shows an operating unit for the right eye, and FIG. 21 shows an operating unit for the left eye. The large-convex lens-type multi-view stereoscopic display device combines the images for the right eye and the left eye coming from the operating units for the right eye and the left eye with the half mirror (501, 511) and presents them to the observer 500. The method to do is taken. The operating principle of this system will be described below. First, the observer 500 is irradiated with infrared rays, and this is photographed by a camera. It is assumed that the high-brightness part is a human face or head, and this is binarized and then divided into left and right parts, and each part is left. It is distributed to the two-dimensional display device 513 for the eye and the two-dimensional display device 503 for the right eye.
The feature is that the image of half of the face on the distributed two-dimensional display device (503, 513) is used as a backlight of the liquid crystal display unit (502, 512). That is, the half image of the face on the two-dimensional display device (503, 513) is optically observed by the observer 500 by the Fresnel convex lens (504, 514) at the same position as the liquid crystal display portion (502, 512). Will illuminate half of the face. When the observer 500 moves, the two-dimensional display device (503, 51
Since the image of half of the face displayed in 3) is also automatically moved, the face of the observer 500 is always illuminated separately on the left and right sides. The half image of this face is displayed on the LCD (50
2, 512), it is possible to always present different images to the left and right eyes of the observer 500 regardless of the position of the observer 500. Therefore, a binocular stereoscopic display device without glasses having a wide observation area can be provided. Although the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the above-described embodiment, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Of course,

[0028]

The effects obtained by the typical ones of the inventions disclosed in the present application will be briefly described as follows. (1) According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the contradiction between the physiological factors of stereoscopic vision. (2) According to the present invention, the amount of information can be reduced, electrically rewritable, and a three-dimensional moving image can be displayed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the three-dimensional display device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method for displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image in the three-dimensional display device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method for displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image in the three-dimensional display device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method for displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image in the three-dimensional display device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a method of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image in the three-dimensional display device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an overall schematic configuration in the case where a binocular stereoscopic display device with glasses is used as a component of an optical system in a three-dimensional display device form of an embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a diagram showing an example of the optical system shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.

9 is a diagram showing another example of the optical system shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.

10 is a diagram showing another example of the optical system shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.

11 is a diagram showing another example of the optical system shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.

12 is a diagram showing another example of the optical system shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a polarizing glasses-type twin-lens stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of an anaglyph type twin-lens stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a liquid crystal shutter glasses-type twin-lens stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a parallax barrier type twin-lens type stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a lenticular-type twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a projector-type twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of a diffraction grating type twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of a large-convex lens type twin-lens stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of a large-convex lens type twin-lens stereoscopic display device that can be used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an example of a conventional three-dimensional display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

GL ... left parallax image, GR ... right parallax image, 1L5, 1L6 ... left two-dimensional image, 1R5, 1R6 ... right two-dimensional image, 100, 50
0, 607 ... Observer, 101, 102, 205, 20
6,221-225,302,304 ... Surface, 103,3
01 ... Optical system, 104, 601 ... Three-dimensional object, 201,
202, 211-215 ... Binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device, 203, 216 ... Total reflection mirror, 204, 217-
220, 405, 452, 501, 511 ... Partial reflecting mirror, 207, 208 ... Convex lens, 231-235 ... Projector type twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device, 236
-240 ... Scattering plate, 241-245 ... Shutter, 303
... Lens optical system, 401, 402, 421, 431, 4
41, 461, 503, 513, 605 ... Two-dimensional display device, 403, 404 ... Polarizing filter, 406 ... Polarizing glasses, 411 ... Display surface of two-dimensional display device, 412 ... Red-blue filter glasses, 422 ... Shutter glasses, 423,4
25 ... Polarizing plate, 424 ... Polarizing element, 426 ... Element driver, 432 ... Parallax barrier, 442, 454 ...
Lenticular screen, 451 ... Projector type two-dimensional display device, 453 ... Fresnel lens, 462 ... Diffraction grating, 502, 512 ... Liquid crystal display section, 504, 514 ...
Fresnel convex lens, 602, 603 ... Camera, 604 ...
Video signal converter, 606 ... Liquid crystal shutter glasses.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (56) References JP2000-333211 (JP, A) Patent 3324695 (JP, B2) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H04N 13/04

Claims (23)

(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] that of different display surfaces depth position
In each case , a plurality of twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display means are used.
We, the right and left parallax images to be displayed object to be presented in separate respective observer's right and left eyes show table, a three-dimensional representation method for generating a three-dimensional image, the plurality of A three-dimensional display method, wherein the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the display surface is changed independently for each display surface. 2. When the display target object is an object displayed at a depth position close to the observer, to the right of the display target object displayed on the display surface close to the observer of the plurality of display surfaces. And the brightness of the left parallax image is increased, the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the display surface far from the observer is decreased, and the display target object is located at a depth position far from the observer. In the case of an object to be displayed, the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the display surface of the plurality of display surfaces close to the observer is lowered, and the display object is displayed on the display surface far from the observer. The three-dimensional display method according to claim 1, wherein the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object is increased. 3. The right and left parallax images of the display target object are displayed on the plurality of display surfaces so that the right and left parallax images of the display target object overlap with each other when viewed from the right eye and the left eye of an observer. The three-dimensional display method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the overall brightness seen by an observer is equal to the brightness of the display target object. 4. The three-dimensional moving image is generated by sequentially switching the right and left parallax images of the display target object in time to be displayed. The three-dimensional display method according to item 1. 5. The right and left parallax images of the display target object in a case comprising a body image things you move in the depth direction, when the moving direction of the object is a direction approaching the observer, the display In synchronization with the switching of the right and left parallax images of the target object, the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface of the plurality of display surfaces close to the viewer is sequentially increased, and the brightness is displayed on the display surface far from the viewer. Sequentially lowering the brightness of the object image, and when the moving direction of the object is a direction away from the observer, the plurality of display images are displayed in synchronization with the switching of the right and left parallax images of the display target object. The brightness of the object image to be displayed on the display surface close to the observer out of the surfaces is sequentially lowered,
The three-dimensional display method according to claim 4, wherein the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface far from the observer is sequentially increased. 6. A first means for generating right and left parallax images of a display target object, and different depths when viewed from the observer's right and left parallax images of the display target object generated by said first means. It is displayed on each of a plurality of display surfaces at the position
The right and left parallax images of the display target object respectively.
Multiple presentations to the right and left eyes of the observer.
A second means comprising a binocular or a multi-view stereoscopic display means, and a second means for independently changing the brightness of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on each display surface for each display surface. Three
A three-dimensional display device comprising: 7. The second means displays the right and left parallax images of the display target object on the plurality of display surfaces so as to overlap with each other when viewed from the right and left eyes of an observer. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 6. 8. The second means displays the right and left parallax images of the display target object by sequentially switching them temporally,
The three-dimensional display device according to claim 6 or 7, which generates a three-dimensional moving image. Wherein said third means, right and left parallax images of the display target object, in a case that includes a body image things you move in the depth direction, the movement direction of the object approaches the observer In the case of the direction, in synchronization with the switching of the right and left parallax images of the display target object, sequentially increasing the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface of the plurality of display surfaces close to the observer, The luminance of the object image displayed on the display surface far from the observer is sequentially lowered, and, when the moving direction of the object is a direction away from the observer, for switching between the right and left parallax images of the display target object. Synchronously, sequentially lowering the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface of the plurality of display surfaces close to the observer,
9. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 8, wherein the brightness of the object image displayed on the display surface far from the observer is sequentially increased. 10. The second means comprises a plurality of binocular stereoscopic display devices with glasses, and a binocular arranged at a depth position farthest from an observer among the plurality of binocular stereoscopic display devices with glasses. Combined with a stereoscopic display device, a total reflection mirror or a partial reflection mirror for arranging an image displayed on the binocular stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of an observer, and arranged at a depth position farthest from the observer. Combined with a twin-lens stereoscopic display device other than the twin-lens stereoscopic display device described above, and a partial reflecting mirror for arranging the images displayed on each twin-lens stereoscopic display device as images on the line of sight of the observer, respectively. 7. The eyeglasses for eye-type use.
The three-dimensional display device according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 11. The second means comprises a plurality of binocular stereoscopic display devices with glasses, and a binocular arranged at a depth position farthest from an observer among the plurality of binocular stereoscopic display devices with glasses. A combination of a total reflection mirror and a lens, or a combination of a partial reflection mirror and a lens, which is combined with a stereoscopic display device and arranges an image displayed on the twin-eye stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of an observer. , Combined with a twin-lens type stereoscopic display device other than the twin-lens type stereoscopic display device arranged at the farthest depth position from the observer, and displaying an image displayed on each twin-lens type stereoscopic display device on the observer's line of sight. 7. A combination of a partial reflecting mirror and a lens, which is arranged as an image of, and binocular eyeglasses.
The three-dimensional display device according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 12. The second means is the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses, and the farthest from an observer among the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereo display devices without glasses. A total reflection mirror that is combined with a twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device arranged at a depth position and arranges an image displayed on the twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of an observer. Alternatively, a partial reflection mirror and a twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device other than the twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device arranged at a depth position farthest from the observer are combined, and each twin-lens type or multi-lens type The partial reflection mirror for arranging the image displayed on the eye type stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of the observer, respectively. Three-dimensional display device. 13. The second means is a plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses, and the farthest from an observer among the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses. A total reflection mirror that is combined with a twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device arranged at a depth position and arranges an image displayed on the twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of an observer. And a lens, or a combination of a partial reflecting mirror and a lens, and a binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display other than the binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device arranged at the depth position farthest from the observer. A combination of a device and a combination of a partial reflecting mirror and a lens for arranging an image displayed on each twin-lens type or multi-lens type stereoscopic display device as an image on the line of sight of an observer. Claim 6 Stone according to claim 9
The three-dimensional display device according to any one of 1. 14. The second means comprises a plurality of scattering plates arranged at different depth positions as viewed from an observer and capable of switching control between a transmission state and a scattering state, or switching between a reflection state and a transmission state. A plurality of controllable reflectors, a plurality of projection-type binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display device that projects a parallax image on each of the plurality of scatterers or the plurality of reflectors, and the plurality of scatterers or Arranged between a plurality of reflectors and the plurality of projection type binocular or multi-eye stereoscopic display devices, switching between a transmission state and a scattering state of the plurality of scattering plates, or a reflection state of the plurality of reflecting plates. 10. A plurality of shutters that switch between a transmission state and a blocking state in synchronization with switching between the transmission state and the transmission state.
The three-dimensional display device according to any one of 1. 15. The lens optical system is installed between a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions viewed from the observer and the observer.
The three-dimensional display device according to claim 4. 16. The plurality of binocular stereoscopic display devices with glasses include a first two-dimensional display device that displays a right parallax image of the display target object, and a first two-dimensional display device that displays a left parallax image of the display target object. Two two-dimensional display devices, a first polarizing filter arranged in front of the first two-dimensional display device, and a second polarizing filter arranged in front of the second two-dimensional display device. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the two-eye glasses are polarized glasses. 17. The plurality of binocular stereoscopic display devices with glasses include a two-dimensional display device that displays right and left parallax images of the display target object in different colors, and the binocular glasses are , Eyeglasses with color filters provided for the right and left eyes with color filters of the same color as the colors of the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the two-dimensional display device. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 10 or 11. 18. The plurality of binocular stereoscopic display devices with glasses have a two-dimensional display device that alternately displays a right or left parallax image of the display target object, and the binocular glasses are characterized by: 11. The shutter glasses in which the right eye or the left eye is alternately turned on / off in synchronization with the right or left parallax image of the display target object displayed on the two-dimensional display device. 11. The three-dimensional display device according to item 11. 19. At least one of the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses, a two-dimensional display device for simultaneously displaying right and left parallax images of the display target object in different regions, respectively. 13. A parallax barrier which is disposed in front of the two-dimensional display device and which separates right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the two-dimensional display device. Item 13. The three-dimensional display device according to item 13. 20. At least one of the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses, a two-dimensional display device for simultaneously displaying right and left parallax images of the display target object in different regions, respectively. 14. A lenticular screen, which is disposed in front of the two-dimensional display device and separates the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the two-dimensional display device from each other. The three-dimensional display device described in. 21. At least one of the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses, a two-dimensional display device that simultaneously displays right and left parallax images of the display target object in different regions, respectively. 13. A diffraction grating element that is disposed in front of the two-dimensional display device and separates the right and left parallax images of the display target object displayed on the two-dimensional display device. The three-dimensional display device according to item 13. 22. At least one of the plurality of binocular or multi-view stereoscopic display devices without glasses includes a plurality of projectors for projecting right and left parallax images of the display target object, and a front portion of the plurality of projectors. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 12 or 13, further comprising a lenticular screen disposed in the. 23. At least one of the plurality of binocular stereoscopic display devices without glasses includes an image capturing unit that captures an image of the observer, and an image of one half of the face of the observer captured by the image capturing unit. , A second display device for displaying the other half image of the observer's face photographed by the photographing means, and a transmission type for displaying the right parallax image of the display target object. In the two-dimensional display device, a first transmissive two-dimensional display device that uses an image of a half of the face of the observer displayed on the first display device as irradiation light, and a transmissive two-dimensional display device that displays a left parallax image. In the two-dimensional display device, the second
A second transmissive two-dimensional display device that uses as an irradiation light an image of a half of the face of the observer displayed on the display device, and a half of the face of the observer displayed on the first display device. A first optical system that makes an image enter the right eye of the observer, and a second optical system that makes an image of a half of the face of the observer displayed on the second display device enter the left eye of the observer. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 12 or 13, further comprising an optical system.