JP3461147B2 - Air pollutant removal equipment - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for removing air pollutants contained in exhaust gas such as combustion gas and exhaust gas from air, and a method for removing air pollutants from air. It relates to a device for continuous removal. 2. Description of the Related Art Since human beings were born on the earth, the act of burning things in human activities has been the basis of human activities including the acquisition of energy. In Japan, in particular, when processing used waste, it has long been customarily incinerated and exhausted into the atmosphere as a custom, almost in recent years.In recent years, oil, coal, natural gas, etc. Substances such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides generated by human activities such as combustion of fossil fuels, fine particles directly discharged from automobiles, factories, incinerators, etc. The pollutants of the particulate matter of the secondary pollutant generated by the chemical reaction in the atmosphere were released into the atmosphere. But,
Gaseous and particulate pollutants that have been exhausted by such burning human activities have now significantly changed the atmospheric environment, resulting in global warming due to carbon dioxide emissions, sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions. It has begun to give various effects to the global environment including human beings, such as acidification of the environment due to the incineration, and the generation of substances such as dioxin that have a direct effect on the human body due to incineration. In response to this reality, gaseous and particulate pollutants emitted into the atmosphere are regulated by the competent authorities based on the environmental standards for emissions from vehicles and facilities. In order to satisfy the maintenance and management standards, new filters and cooling devices, such as bag filters, are installed in the discharge section of the facility, and improvements are made to reduce the exhaust gas from vehicles. [0003] However, in plants and incinerators and other facilities and vehicles that emit pollutants, new filtration devices and cooling devices may be installed in the facilities to achieve emission regulations. Although the company has been working to reduce pollutant emissions by complying with environmental standards by developing engines with reduced emissions for vehicles, it is emitted directly into the atmosphere from factories, incinerators, and other facilities. Pollutants are converted into chemicals in the atmosphere by the chemical reaction, and when the unregulated gaseous substances emitted from the combustion process are released into the atmosphere, they are cooled and released. Air pollution is becoming more serious due to the increased emissions of particulate matter emitted from diesel vehicles into the atmosphere due to the increase in large diesel vehicles. There is a problem that these particulate matters floating in the air enter the respiratory tract and lungs and cause asthma and allergies, and adversely affect the human body. The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and has as its object to reduce the combustion gas discharged into the air from automobiles, factories, incinerators and the like. Air that reliably adsorbs and traps gaseous and particulate contaminants contained in exhaust gas and removes them from the air to produce clean air, as well as completely decomposes the adsorbed contaminants using microorganisms. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for removing contaminants. The present inventor has conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, found that sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide contained in exhaust gas such as combustion gas and exhaust gas. In a method for removing contaminants such as air from the air, the discharged exhaust gas is treated to a predetermined temperature, and a biological treatment reaction means comprising a layer of bacterial floor material, synthetic soil, and gravel, on which the obtained treated gas is laminated. And the contaminants are adsorbed by the biological treatment reaction means, and the adsorbed contaminants grow at a pH of 5 to 9 and a temperature of 40 to 50 ° C. and are contaminated by aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms which decompose the contaminants. A method for removing air pollutants characterized by the ability to decompose substances has been found. The exhaust gas temperature adjusting means is connected to a position close to the introduction port of the exhaust gas introduction pipe, and has an upper surface opened on the exhaust gas discharge side of the exhaust gas introduction pipe, and is formed into a concave shape extending in a required dimension. A required number of biological treatment reaction means are installed in the tank, and the required number of them are installed in parallel.The decomposition tank is connected to the branched exhaust gas introduction pipe and passes through the exhaust gas distribution branch pipe at regular intervals from the respective front end faces. The spray main pipe is brought into contact with the rear end face, and a longitudinally movable bacterial bed adjuster for replenishing the biological treatment reaction means with air and water is provided on the upper surface of the longitudinal side walls of these decomposition tanks, An apparatus for removing air pollutants, characterized in that a circulating water supply means for supplying the permeated water retained in the bottom of the decomposition tank via the storage tank to the bacteria bed conditioner, has been found. The present invention has been made based on this finding. Embodiments of the present invention will be described based on embodiments with reference to the drawings. 1 to 7, an air pollutant removing apparatus according to the present invention is configured such that an exhaust gas outlet of a factory, an incinerator or the like and an inlet 13 of an exhaust gas inlet pipe 18 are connected to each other. A caustic soda, slaked lime, or dilute sulfuric acid is ejected at a position close to the gas according to the substance contained in the exhaust gas to perform adjustment processing, and pH adjustment is performed so that the adjusted gas becomes pH 5 to 9 when dissolved in an aqueous solution. A tank 14 is connected, and connected to the pH adjusting tank 14 to adjust the pH-adjusted exhaust gas to a temperature of 40 ° C. to 50 ° C. suitable for the growth of microorganisms. A temperature adjustment tank 16 for adjusting the temperature of the exhaust gas is provided, and an introduction blower 17 for sucking and sending the adjusted exhaust gas is provided adjacent to the temperature adjustment tank 16 and connected to the exhaust gas introduction pipe 18. The required number of exhaust gas introduction pipes 18 according to the amount of exhaust gas to be introduced are arranged in parallel in close proximity to each other, and a bacterial bed conditioner 30 movable in the longitudinal direction is laid on the upper surface of the side wall and mounted. A switching valve 19 for switching the decomposition tank 1 for introducing the exhaust gas is provided at a substantially middle portion of the exhaust gas introduction pipe 18 branching to a substantially central portion of the front end side wall of the decomposition tank 1 and inserted therethrough.
A circulating water supply means is provided for supplying permeated water retained in the bottom of the bed through the storage tank 10 to the bacteria bed conditioner 30, and the decomposition tank 1 is installed indoors. The decomposition tank 1 has a width of 5.4 m and a depth of 20.4.
A frame body is formed on four sides of a rectangular bottom plate having a height of 4.0 m with a height of 4.0 m, and a partition wall 2 having a height of 1.3 m to 2.0 m is formed in the longitudinal direction of the frame bottom plate. A drain groove 6 is provided in parallel with a position where the horizontal width of the bottom plate is divided into three, and a drain groove 6 inclined toward the rear end is provided on the central axis in the longitudinal direction of the divided basic central division chamber 3a. The edge of the groove 6 is joined with the end of the bottom surface inclined downward from both ends,
A distribution port 5 that can flow from the left and right divided chambers 3b and 3c to the central divided chamber 3a at predetermined intervals at a required portion at the lowest part of the partitioning machine 2 passes therethrough. The inside of the decomposition tank 1 is filled with a wire mesh 9 of 5 mm mesh on the drain 6 and 0.3 to 0.5 m from the bottom.
Is filled with gravels having a particle size of 5 cm to 10 cm.
7 The surface is partitioned by a wire mesh 9 of 5 mm mesh.
A synthetic soil 38 filled with ceramic or porous stone rock of 0 mm to 50 mm is laminated, and 5 m
1.5m to 1.m after partitioning with a wire mesh 9 of m mesh.
A biological treatment reaction means is formed by laminating a bacterial bed material 39 such as an organic compost with a thickness of 8 m, and a central division chamber 3a is formed at substantially the center of the front end side wall of the decomposition tank 1 in which these are formed.
Exhaust gas introduction pipe 18 inserted into the middle part of the synthetic soil 38 from the outside and the exhaust gas distribution main pipe 2 directly connected outside the front end side wall
0 is disposed so as to penetrate the rear end side wall while closing the end portion. An exhaust gas dispersing branch pipe 21 is provided, and the air supplied from the supply blower 26 along the longitudinal direction is conveyed along the longitudinal direction to the middle part of the gravel layer 37 at the side wall edge of each of the divided chambers 3 provided on the bottom. Grain 3
An air injection pipe 24 for injecting the inside 7 is provided with an air regulating valve 25 at the rear end of the decomposition tank 1 at the rear end of the air injection pipe 24. The exhaust gas main pipe 20 is provided with slit-shaped exhaust gas distribution holes 22 at predetermined positions along the longitudinal direction at predetermined positions on the upper semicircle and at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction of the bottom center axis. A drain hole 23 is formed. In the exhaust gas distribution branch pipe 21, slit-shaped exhaust gas distribution holes 22 are formed at predetermined positions on the circumference at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction. A slit-shaped air injection hole is formed in the air injection pipe 24 at a predetermined position on a half circumference at predetermined intervals along a longitudinal direction. A temperature sensor 28 is provided at a required position opposite to the lowermost longitudinal side wall surface of the bacterial bed material layer 39 of the decomposition tank 1, and a temperature sensor 2 is provided at a required position opposite to the upper end of the outer surface of the left and right partition walls 2.
9 are provided. On the upper surfaces of the opposed longitudinal side walls of the disassembling tank 1, wheels which are arranged in front and rear, and which are also wheels 33 provided opposite to the left and right ends of the machine frame, are provided at the upper end edges of the inner surfaces of both side walls. A germ bed adjuster 30 is mounted between the side walls so as to extend over the moving passage 4 having a missing portion, and a motor 31 provided on the machine frame of the germ bed adjuster 30 extends around the outer periphery of one wheel. The adjusting band 34 is tensioned and driven to be driven to reciprocate freely, and an axle 4 for connecting the driven one wheel to the other wheel.
A stirrer 35 is provided at a required location of the size 0 so as to protrude up and down and rotate in conjunction with the drive so as to be capable of sufficiently stirring the bacterial bed material 39. A spray nozzle 36 is provided at a front edge of the machine frame at predetermined intervals to spray the liquid to be fed onto the bacterial bed material 39. In order to supply the liquid to the liquid tank 32, the permeated water remaining in the bottom of each decomposition tank 1 is connected to a drain pipe 8 by providing a drain adjustment valve 7 at the outer end of the decomposition tank 1 at the rear end of the drainage groove 6. The drain pipe 8 is provided with piping so that permeated water can be stored in the storage tank 10.
In 1, a circulating water supply means is formed by piping so that permeated water can be supplied to the liquid tank 32 by the water supply hose 12. With the above-described structure, gaseous substances such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide contained in combustion gas and exhaust gas discharged from factories, incinerators, vehicles and the like, and fine particles directly discharged or Exhaust gas containing particulate pollutants of secondary pollutants generated by chemical reaction in the atmosphere where gaseous substances are emitted is directly connected to the discharge port, or polluted air is sucked in to introduce exhaust gas When the introduced exhaust gas is introduced into the pipe 18 and dissolved in the aqueous solution, the pH becomes 5 to 9 suitable for the growth of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that decompose contaminants that are propagated by the biological treatment reaction means in the decomposition tank 1. Is temporarily stored in the pH adjustment tank 14 to be adjusted
Dilute sulfuric acid or caustic soda, slaked lime or the like is sprayed from a pH adjusting chemical injector 15 provided on the side surface of the H adjusting tank 14 to perform adjustment processing, and the adjusted exhaust gas is heated to 40 ° C to 50 ° C at a temperature suitable for growth of microorganisms. The temperature is temporarily stored in the temperature control tank 16 to be adjusted, the temperature is detected by a temperature sensor installed in the temperature control layer 16, the temperature is adjusted by a heater and a cooler, and the exhaust gas is sucked by the introduction blower 17 and supplied. Then, the exhaust gas is introduced by switching and adjusting the switching valve 19 to one of the decomposition tanks 1 installed in two or more tanks in order to replace the used exhaust gas with the facility to be covered.
0 and the respective exhaust gas spraying branch pipes 21 are sprayed into the synthetic soil layer 38 filled with ceramic or porous rock having a particle diameter of 10 mm to 50 mm of the biological treatment reaction means, and the sprayed exhaust gas is contaminated while passing through the synthetic soil. The substance is adsorbed, and the non-adsorbed substance rises to 1.5 m to 1.8 m in the upper layer.
And a germ bed material layer 39 such as an organic compost layered with a thickness of 0.3 m, and sedimented to enter a gravel grain layer 37 filled with 0.3 cm to 0.5 m thickness of 5 cm to 10 cm gravels. The contaminants adsorbed and taken into the biological treatment reaction means are decomposed by aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms which inhabit the biological treatment reaction means at a pH of 5 to 9 and a temperature of 40 ° C to 50 ° C. 7 days to 10 considering the decomposition time in two decomposition tanks 1
The decomposition tank 1 is replaced and used every time it is used continuously. In order to constantly activate the activity of the microorganisms growing in the biological treatment reaction means, the bacterial bed material layer 39 is stirred while being moved in the longitudinal direction by the bacterial bed conditioner 30 mounted between the longitudinal side walls of the decomposition tank 1. The liquid containing microorganisms and activator is sprayed while taking in air to adjust the amount of microorganisms and water content, and the air supplied from the blower 26 supplied from the air injection pipe 24 to the lowermost gravel layer 37. An environment suitable for microbial activity is maintained by providing a supply of water. And the bacteria bed adjusting machine 30
Is gradually settled, and the permeated water containing microorganisms is retained in the bottom of the gravel layer 39. The retained permeated water is drained from the drain 6 to the storage tank 10 and temporarily stored. Thereafter, the circulation step of supplying water to the liquid tank 32 of the bacteria bed conditioner 30 by the water supply pump 11 and spraying the liquid is performed repeatedly. As described above, the present invention has the above-described structure, and includes gaseous substances and particles such as combustion gas and exhaust gas discharged into the air from automobiles, factories, incinerators and the like. Just by spraying the exhaust gas containing the pollutants of the pollutants to the biological treatment reaction means provided in the decomposition tank, the pollutants can be surely adsorbed and collected without leaking to the outside. In addition to being capable of being reduced in the air, the adsorbed pollutants have an excellent air pollutant removal effect that can be completely decomposed by microorganisms growing in the biological treatment reaction means. In addition, since the biological treatment reaction means is composed of three layers, ie, a bacterial bed material layer, a synthetic soil layer, and a gravel bed layer, the soil of the bacterial bed material layer does not enter the gaps between the gravel bed layers, thereby causing clogging. Without this, efficient exhaust gas purification becomes possible.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a plan view of an apparatus for removing air pollutants of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line aa of FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line bb of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a main part of an exhaust gas distribution main pipe. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line c-c in FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a main part of the exhaust gas distribution branch pipe. FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line dd of FIG. 6; [Description of Signs] 1 decomposition tank 2 partition wall 3 division room 3a center 3b right 3c left 4 movement passage 5 distribution port 6 drain groove 7 drain adjustment valve 8 drain pipe 9 wire mesh 10 storage tank 11 water supply pump 12 water supply hose 13 inlet 14 pH adjusting tank 15 pH adjusting chemical injector 16 Temperature adjusting tank 17 Introducing blower 18 Exhaust gas introduction pipe 19 Switching valve 20 Exhaust gas spraying main pipe 21 Exhaust gas branch pipe 22 Exhaust gas spraying hole 23 Drain hole 24 Air injection pipe 25 Air adjusting valve 26 Sending Supply blower 28 Temperature sensor 29 Temperature sensor 30 Bacterial bed adjuster 31 Electric motor 32 Liquid tank 33 Tuning 34 Tuning 35 Stirring spring 36 Spray nozzle 37 Gravel layer 38 Synthetic soil layer 39 Bacterial bed material layer 40 Axle

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-7-24242 (JP, A) JP-A-7-313837 (JP, A) JP-A 5-329323 (JP, A) JP-A 10-108 43537 (JP, A) JP-A-10-43543 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B01D 53/85, 53/50, 53/56 B01D 53/62, 53/81

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims 1] An air pollutant removal apparatus for removing pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide contained in exhaust gas such as combustion gas and exhaust gas from the air. A device that removes air pollutants by adsorbing and decomposing pollutants by treating the exhaust gas thus obtained to a predetermined temperature and spraying the obtained exhaust gas on soil where microorganisms grow. 16) is connected to the exhaust gas introduction pipe (18) at a position adjacent to the introduction port (13), and is formed to have a concave shape with a required dimension extended by opening an upper surface on the exhaust gas discharge side of the exhaust gas introduction pipe (18). The required number of biological treatment reaction means comprising a layer of bacterial bed material (39), synthetic soil (38) and gravels (37) is installed in the decomposition tank (1) in parallel with the decomposition tank (1). 1) is connected to a branched exhaust gas introduction pipe (18). Exhaust gas spray branch pipe at regular intervals from the front end surface of respectively (2
An exhaust gas distribution main pipe (20) passing through 1) is brought into contact with the rear end surface, and an air injection pipe (24) is provided in a longitudinal direction at a predetermined location near the bottom of the decomposition tank (1).
On the upper surface of the side wall in the longitudinal direction of these decomposition tanks (1), there is provided a bacterial bed conditioner (30) movable in the longitudinal direction for replenishing the biological treatment reaction means with air and water. )
Decomposition tank (1) Storage tank (10)
An air pollutant removing device, comprising a circulating water supply means for supplying water through the air.