JP3454861B2 - Reference plane setting device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a reference plane setting device used for surveying and the like, and more specifically, to light emitting means and irradiation of light emitted from the light emitting means parallel to a plane orthogonal to a straight line. The present invention relates to a reference plane setting device including: an irradiation unit that emits light as light; and a rotation unit that rotates the irradiation light around the rotation axis with the one straight line as the rotation axis.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a device called a reference plane setting device or a laser planer is a surveying device that irradiates a laser beam to determine a constant plane. For example, if the rotation axis is leveled, the irradiation direction of the laser beam is parallel to the plane orthogonal to the rotation axis, that is, horizontal, so that the laser beam is moved in one horizontal plane by the operation of the rotating means. Therefore, the horizontal plane can be used as a horizontal reference plane. In order to find such one horizontal reference plane, a leveler was used before.In that case, an operator moving between measurement points with a pole and a measurement that collimates the pole from the leveler are used. Two surveyors were required.

On the other hand, when the laser planar is used, the measurement can be performed by one measurer. To be more specific, first place the laser planar body at a reference location within the measurement range, then stand near the wall or pillar on which the worker wants to carry out the marking work, or if the measurer receives the light receiver or pole. Place a measurement mark such as "" at the measurement point. Then, the worker observes the bright spots formed when the visible laser beam is incident on the wall or pole to perform the reference plane setting work, and the measurer receives the invisible laser beam with the light receiver provided in the target. And perform surveying work such as reading the measured values.

As described above, if the laser planar is used,
Since one person can perform the surveying work such as the setting of the reference plane, it is more convenient than the standard and the cost is also advantageous in terms of labor cost.

Such a laser planer mainly sets a horizontal reference plane on a wall, a pillar or the like in a building structure or a vertical reference plane on a floor, a ceiling or a pillar. Used for. Even in this case, one measurer can perform the surveying work simply and quickly, and is widely used for other reference plane setting work and surveying work because of the convenience of the work.

However, since the conventional laser planer can emit only one laser beam, it has the following various problems.

First, there is a problem when the distance between the laser planar and the object to be measured is large. That is, in the conventional laser planarizer, if the angular velocity of rotation of the laser beam is constant, a laser spot formed by the laser beam incident on the measurement object is proportional to the distance to the measurement object and is formed on the measurement object. It moves faster. Therefore, the time from the incidence of the laser beam having a certain width to the measurement point on the measurement target to the passage of the laser beam becomes shorter as the distance from the position where the laser planar is placed. From this, as compared with the light receiver placed at a short distance, the time the laser beam is incident becomes shorter for the light receiver placed at a longer distance, and as a result, the amount of light received by the light receiver decreases. The measurement distance may be limited due to the limit of the sensitivity of the light receiver.

Further, when it is desired to visually observe and observe a bright spot formed by the laser beam reflected on the object to be measured by using visible light as the laser beam by the observer's naked eyes, the laser planer is used. Since the moving speed of the bright spot increases as the distance from the object to be measured increases, it becomes difficult to follow the bright spot with eyes. The speed at which the bright spot moves on the measurement object is
If the value exceeds the observer's visual limit speed, the reference plane setting operation cannot be performed.

Since the upper limit of the measurement distance determined by the visual recognition limit speed is significantly smaller than the upper limit of the measurement distance determined by the light receiving sensitivity of the light receiver, it is particularly necessary to perform the reference plane setting operation by visual inspection. It can be said that the problem is big.

Regarding the moving speed of the bright spots which can secure observable visibility, there is a difference due to individual differences due to the nature of the observer and differences in skill level, but a laser beam with a diameter of 7 mmφ with an output intensity of 1 mW. When irradiated, the moving speed of 30 m / sec is the limit speed at which the bright spot can be observed, and if the moving speed is higher than that, the visibility is reduced and the bright spot cannot be observed, and the surveying work is performed. Is difficult,
It is said that. When this moving speed is converted into a distance, when the angular velocity at which the laser beam rotates is 360 degrees / second, it corresponds to the case where the distance between the measuring object and the laser planar is 4.8 m. Therefore, for the object to be measured over this distance, by the conventional laser planer, when trying to do the surveying work by observing the bright spots, in order to ensure the visibility of the bright spots, the output intensity of the laser beam, It is necessary to adjust either the angular velocity or the beam diameter.

In order to secure the visibility by adjusting the output intensity of the laser beam, it is necessary to increase the output intensity according to the length of the distance. However, due to safety standards, the laser beam emitted to the outside of the device has a limit value for the output intensity per unit area of the beam cross section, so there is a certain limit to the improvement of visibility, which is not practical. Absent.

When the angular velocity of rotation of the laser beam is adjusted to keep the moving speed of the bright spot constant to improve the visibility, the angular velocity must be reduced in proportion to the length of the distance. However, if the angular velocity is reduced, after one bright spot passes through the measurement point set on the measurement object such as a wall, the laser beam is rotated 360 degrees and is incident again,
The time interval until the bright spot can be observed again becomes long. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of measurement accuracy and work, the observer generally observes and confirms the bright spots observed on the object to be measured a plurality of times to perform the reference plane setting work. Therefore, if it is attempted to reduce the angular velocity of the rotation of the laser beam to ensure the visibility, the time required for the measurement becomes long, and the workability of the reference plane setting work is significantly reduced.

When the diameter of the laser beam is increased, it is easier to see, but it is easy for an observer to make an error in which position in the bright spot is defined as the reference plane, and even when a photodetector is used, Since the light receiving surface becomes large, it is difficult to improve the positioning accuracy of the reference plane, and the setting accuracy of the reference plane may decrease. Therefore, increasing the diameter of the irradiation light such as a laser beam is not a practical solution.

However, instead of changing the size of the diameter in this way, a means for changing the cross-sectional shape of the laser beam, for example, so that what is observed when the irradiation light is reflected by the object to be measured becomes a bright line. For example, it is possible to improve the visibility without lowering the measurement accuracy.

In such a case, among the conventional laser planarizers, there has been one in which a laser beam is rotated and vibrated in parallel with a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis. When using this laser planer to set the reference plane by visual observation by the measurer, due to the afterimage phenomenon that human eyes have,
Since the bright spots are recognized as bright lines on the retina, the visibility has been improved and certain results have been achieved.

However, in this case, since it is necessary to provide a driving device for vibrating the irradiation light, the device becomes large in size, which is inconvenient in handling on site, and a simple and quick reference plane setting operation cannot be performed. Further, since such a driving device is expensive, it has been a factor of increasing the cost of the laser planar.

Further, when an infrared ray is used to perform a surveying operation by a light receiver, it is meaningless because there is no advantage due to the residual phenomenon.

By the way, the laser planar is, for example, 2
When measuring the height difference between points, place poles, staff, etc. at any measurement point and observe the laser spot on the scale plate of the measurement mark to obtain a specific numerical value. It can also be used for reading, so to speak, quantitative measurement work. However, since the width of the scale plate is narrow, it is possible to visually recognize the bright spots and to roughly see the values on the scale plate, but it is difficult to read them accurately. There was a certain limit to the improvement of accuracy.

Therefore, when performing the above quantitative measurement,
The position of the laser spot formed on the light receiving element of the light receiver is electrically measured using the light receiver to obtain a measured value with a certain accuracy. On the other hand, when a light receiver is used, infrared light is used as the laser beam because of the problem of the reach of the laser beam, the sensitivity of the light receiving element, and the manufacturing cost.

However, infrared light is invisible, and it is not possible to visually confirm at which position on the scale plate the light receiver should be placed to receive the laser light. For this reason, the arrangement of the photodetector has to rely on intuition and experience, which is very inconvenient for the surveying work, and the advantages of the laser planarizer for simplicity have not been fully utilized.

[0021]

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, and its object is to prevent deterioration of visibility and measurement accuracy due to an increase in measurement distance, which is a standard. It is an object of the present invention to provide a reference plane setting device that improves the efficiency of the plane setting work and also improves the efficiency of the surveying work using the light receiver.

[0022]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object,
The present invention provides a light emitting means, an irradiation means for emitting light emitted from the light emitting means as irradiation light parallel to a plane orthogonal to a straight line, and the straight line as a rotation axis around the rotation axis. In a reference plane setting device provided with a rotation driving means for rotationally driving the irradiation light, the irradiation means emits a plurality of irradiation lights traveling on the same plane orthogonal to the rotation axis, and the rotation driving means has the rotation axis. It is characterized in that the plurality of irradiation lights are rotationally driven around.

[0023]

[Function] Since a plurality of irradiation lights rotate in the same plane,
The amount of irradiation light incident on the same measurement point increases per unit time, the position of the irradiation light is easily detected, and the restriction on the measurement distance is relaxed.

If two or more of the plurality of irradiation lights are made visible, the number of visible bright spots per unit time can be increased.

Further, when carrying out a surveying work using a light receiver,
If multiple invisible light laser beams are used, the number of invisible laser beams that enter the target per unit time increases, so the probability that the light receiver receives invisible light increases, and the placement of the light receiver is determined. Easier to do.

Further, if a plurality of irradiation lights are composed of a mixture of visible light and invisible light, the light receiver can be arranged while observing the bright spots formed by the visible light. Arrangement becomes easy to decide.

[0027]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 1 is a housing which constitutes a main body of a reference plane setting device. A rotary head 2 is arranged on an upper surface of the housing 1 and fixed to the rotary head 2. The shaft 3 is supported by the holding unit 4 housed in the housing 1,
A motor 6 attached to the outside of the holding unit 4 via a stay 5 is connected to a pulley 7 provided on the rotary shaft 3 via a belt 8 so that the rotary head 2 can be rotationally driven by the motor 6. .

[0028] The lower end of the holding unit 4 and the light emitting means 9 ₁ is provided, the light from the light emitting means 9 _1, the rotation shaft 3
The light guide path 10 formed in the above, the optical system described later in detail in the rotary head 2, and the irradiation hole 12 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary head 2.
_The irradiation means composed of ₂ and ₂ irradiates the rotating head 2 with irradiation light parallel to the plane orthogonal to the rotation axis 11 of the rotating head 2, and the rotating means composed of the motor 6 and the rotating head 2 rotates the irradiation light around the rotation axis 11. I made it rotate.

The holding unit 4 is swingably supported on the housing 1 via a ball joint 13 at the upper end thereof, and is rotated on two adjacent side surfaces of the housing 1 as shown in FIG. 3 (a). A leveling screw 14x in the X-axis direction and a leveling screw 14y in the Y-axis direction, which are adjusting means for adjusting the inclination of the axis 11, are respectively screwed into the holding unit, and the holding unit is urged by a spring 15 provided in the housing 1 The leveling screws are brought into contact with each other, and the attitude of the holding unit is controlled by both leveling screws so that the inclination of the rotation axis 11 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction can be adjusted. The holding unit 4 is provided with bubble tubes, which are detection display means for detecting and displaying the inclination of the rotation axis, in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, and each window 61x formed in the housing 1. 61
Each bubble tube was made visible through y, 61z. When setting the horizontal reference plane, the bubble tube 59x in the X-axis direction
The leveling screw 14x in the X-axis direction and the leveling screw 14y in the Y-axis direction are adjusted while observing the bubble tube 59y in the Y-axis direction, and the leveling work is performed so that the rotation axis 11 becomes vertical.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 (a), the leveling screws 14x and 14y are brought into direct contact with the holding unit 4. However, as shown in FIG. May be brought into contact with the protrusions 21x, 21y formed on the holding unit 4 via the crank levers 22x, 22y. According to this, the fulcrums 23x, 23 of the crank levers are formed.
By setting the ratio of the distance between each protrusion and each leveling screw to y to be small, more precise adjustment can be performed.

An optical system as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is provided in the rotary head 2. The optical system includes a light emitting means 9 ₁
From a first beam splitter 41 into which a light beam 31 such as a laser beam introduced into the rotary head 2 through a light guide path 10 in the rotary shaft 3 is incident, and a second beam splitter 41 provided on the side of the first beam splitter 41 And a beam splitter 42. In the first beam splitter 41, the incident light beam 31
From the first irradiation hole 12 ₁ formed on one side around the rotary head by transmitting a part of the light beam as a vertical beam 32 and reflecting the remaining part to enter the second beam splitter 42. The first irradiation light 34 ₁ is irradiated to the outside,
In addition, the second part formed on the other side around the rotary head 2 by reflecting the remaining part of the reflected light from the first beam splitter 41.
The second irradiation light 34 ₂ is emitted from the irradiation hole 12 ₂ to the outside. Here, since the first and second beam splitters are arranged so that the first and second irradiation lights 34 ₁ and 34 ₂ are included in the same plane orthogonal to the rotation axis, the rotation axis 11
If the light beam is leveled so as to be vertical as described above, both irradiation lights are irradiated along the same horizontal reference plane.

Then, by rotating the rotary head 2, both irradiation lights 3
Since 4 ₁ and 34 ₂ also rotate on the same plane, the amount of irradiation light incident on the same measurement point per unit time is increased as compared with the conventional technique in which one irradiation light is used, so that the measurement distance becomes long. However, the irradiation light can be detected with high sensitivity by the light receiver, and the visibility of the bright spots when both irradiation lights are visible light is also improved.

In the above embodiment, the two irradiation lights are emitted, but as shown in FIG. 6, the third beam splitter 4 is used.
3 is provided, and three irradiation holes 1 provided in the rotary head 2 are provided.
2 _1, 12 _2, 12 ₃ from three irradiation light 34 _1, 34 _2, 3
It is also possible to irradiate 4 ₃ . In this case, it is of course possible to further increase the number of beam splitters to increase the number of irradiation lights to 4 or more.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the rotary head 2 is provided with a plurality of light emitting means 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , 9 ₃ and a plurality of irradiation lights 34 ₁ , 34 ₂ , 34 ₃ from these plurality of light emitting means are provided. It is also possible to irradiate, and in this case, if a part of the plurality of irradiation lights is visible light, while observing the bright spot made by visible light when detecting the irradiation light with the light receiver. This is particularly advantageous in field work because the position of the light receiver can be adjusted.

In this embodiment, the above-mentioned housing 1 is formed into a substantially cubic or substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. on the reference side 52 which is one side provided with no 14y, to form the threaded holes 54 _1, 54 ₂ fixing a housing-side fixing means as shown in FIG. 2, the reference bottom surface 51 and the reference side 52 The mounting reference surface is fixed to the support 55 shown in FIG. In this case, the reference lower surface 51 and the reference side surface 52 are precisely machined so that the intersecting angle θ formed by the both surfaces is a right angle. Then, as shown in FIG.
The reference lower surface 51 of the housing 1 is placed and fixed on the upper side to perform the setting work of the horizontal reference plane, and the reference side surface 52 is fixed on the support body 55 as shown in FIG. The setting work of can be done. In this way, if the reference lower surface 51 and the reference side surface 52 of the housing 1 are made orthogonal to each other, the horizontal reference plane and the vertical reference plane can be set by one leveling work, so that the work can be performed efficiently. You can proceed.

This will be described more specifically with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 8A, the upper surface 57 of the support 55 and the level surface 58 form an angle α. The housing 1 is placed on the support 55 with the reference lower surface 51 facing down, and the leveling screws 14x and 14y are used for leveling so that the rotation axis 11 is vertical, and the horizontal reference plane setting operation is performed. After leveling, the rotation axis 11 and the reference side surface 52 form an angle α, and the rotation axis 11 is also orthogonal to the level surface 58.

With the support 55 as it is, as shown in FIG. 8B, the casing 1 is supported by the support 55 with the reference side surface 52 facing downward.
If the upper surface 57 of the support body 55 and the reference side surface 52 are aligned with each other, the vertical rotation axis 11 is tilted by 90 degrees, so that the rotation axis 11 becomes the level surface 58 regardless of the size of α. Become parallel. Therefore, the horizontal reference plane defined by the irradiation light 34 ₁ , 34 ₂ etc. is tilted by 90 degrees to become the vertical reference plane regardless of the size of α, and it is not necessary to perform leveling again, and the vertical reference plane is immediately generated. The reference plane setting work can be performed.

As shown in FIG. 1, the bubble tubes 59x, 59y, 5 are arranged so that the inclinations of the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis can be detected.
If three 9z are provided, the reference lower surface 51 and the reference side surface 52,
Leveling work can be performed with either side down. Therefore, contrary to the above-mentioned procedure, one leveling is performed regardless of the setting order of the horizontal and vertical reference planes, such as leveling in the state of FIG. 8 (b) and then changing to the state of FIG. 8 (a). The work of setting two reference planes can be performed by the semi-work.

Further, in this embodiment, the housing 1 has a dustproof and waterproof structure. To describe this in detail, it can be screwed and fixed to an elevator bracket or a tripod which is a support using screw holes 54 ₁ and 54 ₂ , but the screw holes are not to penetrate into the housing. It is a hole. Also, the rotating shaft 3
A bearing shield 6 such as a dust seal is provided between the housing 1 and the housing 1.
0 ₁ is provided, and a leveling screw shield 60 ₂ is provided between the leveling screws 14 x and 14 y and the housing 1.該整as an example of quasi-screw shield 60 ₂ is provided with a straight portion which does not threaded between the threaded portion and the thumb of the leveling screw, and said straight portion through an O-ring, O-ring attached to the housing An example is one in which the holding part is slidably attached. Further, glass or the like is fitted into the windows 61x, 61y, 61z shown in FIG. 1 to form a dust-proof and water-proof structure.

In this way, since the inside of the housing 1 is shielded from the outside, dust, water drops, etc. cannot enter the inside of the housing,
Since the present invention can be easily handled at a work site where dust or the like floats, the work efficiency is improved and the breakdown is reduced.

[0041]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Under the condition that the rotational angular velocities of the rotating means are equal, the irradiation light is incident on the object to be measured per unit time when a plurality of irradiation lights are used as compared with the case where a single irradiation light is used. This increases the number of times the light is received and the amount of received light increases.

Further, since it is possible to increase the number of times the irradiation light is incident on the object to be measured per unit time without vibrating the single laser beam parallel to the plane perpendicular to the rotation axis, the driving device can be increased. There is no need to provide it separately.

In particular, if the plurality of irradiation lights are visible lights,
It becomes easy to visually recognize the bright spots on the measurement object, and the efficiency of the work for setting the reference plane is improved.

Further, if the plurality of irradiation lights are made invisible, the probability that the irradiation lights are incident on the photodetector is increased, so that the photodetector can be easily arranged and the workability is improved.

If visible light and non-visible light are mixed among a plurality of irradiation lights, they can be used for both visual marking and for surveying using a photodetector. It becomes possible to provide a laser planer,
Since it is possible to move the light receiver that receives invisible light while visually observing the bright spots created by visible light, the workability of quantitative surveying work is particularly excellent.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an example of the device of the present invention

[Fig. 2] Its sectional view

3A is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 3B is a plan view of another embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing an arrangement example of an optical system when there are two irradiation lights.

5 is a plan view of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an arrangement example of an optical system when there are three irradiation lights.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing another arrangement example of the optical system.

8A and 8B are views showing the inclination of the support and the inclination of the rotation axis.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 housing 2 rotating head 3 rotating shaft
4 Holding unit 6 Motors 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , 9 ₃ Light emitting means 11 Rotation axis 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , 12 ₃ Irradiation holes 14x, 14y Leveling screw 15 Spring 34 ₁ First irradiation light 34 ₂ Second irradiation light 34
₃ Third irradiation light 41 First beam splitter 42 Second beam splitter 43 Third beam splitter 51 Reference lower surface 52 Reference side surfaces 54 ₁ , 54 ₂ Screw holes 59x, 59y, 59z
Bubble tube 60 ₁ Bearing shield 60 ₁ Leveling screw shield 61x, 61y, 61z Window

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-4-372813 (JP, A) JP-A-59-153111 (JP, A) JP-A-60-79312 (JP, A) Actual development Sho-62- 83914 (JP, U) (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01C 5/00 G01C 15/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A light emitting means, an irradiating means for irradiating the light emitted by the light emitting means as irradiation light parallel to a plane orthogonal to a straight line, and the straight line as a rotation axis around the rotation axis. In a reference plane setting device provided with a rotation driving means for rotationally driving the irradiation light, the irradiation means irradiates a plurality of irradiation lights included in the same plane orthogonal to the rotation axis, and the rotation driving means has the rotation axis. A reference plane setting device characterized in that the plurality of irradiation lights are rotationally driven around the center. 2. The reference plane setting device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of irradiation lights is visible light.