JP3442684B2 - Free mechanism of gear reducer with motor - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gear reducer,
More specifically, it relates to a free mechanism of a gear reducer with a motor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A gear reducer with a motor in which a gear reducer and a motor are integrated is widely used. For example, Japanese Patent Publication 6
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-5176 discloses a speed reducer in which rotation by a hydraulic motor is decelerated through a planetary differential gear speed reducer and the output thereof is taken out. This special public Sho6
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-5176, for example, a crawler vehicle is driven by the extracted output.

[0003]

In such a conventional gear reducer with a motor, when the motor fails for some reason, the motor and the gear reducer are integrally connected. The output part of the gear reducer cannot be moved. In particular, when such a gear reducer with a motor is used as a traveling device of a vehicle, even if the vehicle is connected by a towing vehicle to be transported to a predetermined repair location and a failure is to be repaired at that location, the motor Since the connection between the gear reducer and the gear reducer cannot be disconnected, an extremely large amount of power is required when the vehicle is towed and pulled, which causes a problem that the vehicle cannot be substantially moved.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a connection between a motor and a gear reducer when it becomes necessary to freely operate the gear reducer with a motor for some reason. An object of the present invention is to provide a motorized gear reducer in which the entire motorized gear reducer can be easily operated by easily releasing and applying a small force to the output side portion of the reducer. .

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, the above object is achieved by attaching a first external gear to an input rotary shaft connected to a drive motor, and engaging a second external gear with the first external gear. The tip portion of the input rotary shaft on the side of the first external gear cannot rotate relative to the input rotary shaft and is movable in the axial direction of the input rotary shaft. Is engaged with the first external gear so as to be movable in the axial direction,
A motor-equipped gear reducer capable of selectively taking a state in which the tip portion and the first external gear are integrally rotated according to an axial movement of the tip portion and a free relative rotatable state. In a free mechanism of a motor-equipped gear reducer, a free end mechanism of the input rotary shaft on the side of the first external gear is composed of a shaft member having a shaft side spline on its outer periphery. The member has a small diameter portion extending from a position of a predetermined length in the axial direction from the tip of the first external gear side to a predetermined length, and the root side of the first external gear is longer than the length of the tooth portion of the gear. The first external gear has a cylindrical root portion, and the hollow portion of the cylindrical root portion has a cylindrical spline which is spline-engaged with an axial spline formed on the shaft member at both axial ends thereof, and both ends thereof. Between the cylinder side splines of the shaft side splines Diameter hole portion not spline engagement is formed, the tip portion moves to said first external gear direction
Are moved, the shaft side spline of the tip portion and the first external gear
The cylinder side spline of the first external tooth
The state that the car rotates together with the tip of the car
The part is moved in the direction opposite to the first external gear, and the shaft of the tip part is moved.
The side spline is located in the large diameter part of the outer one gear and
The cylinder side spline of the first external gear is a small diameter portion of the tip portion.
At a position where the tip portion and the first external gear are free
This is achieved by a free mechanism of a gear reducer with a motor, which is adapted to be in a counter-rotatable state .

In the present invention, the tip portion of the input rotary shaft connected to the drive motor is axially movable, and the tip portion and the first external gear are both moved in accordance with the axial movement of the tip portion. It is possible to selectively take a state in which the body rotates integrally and a state in which the relative rotation is free. Therefore,
If it is necessary to free the gear reducer with a motor for some reason, the tip portion of the input rotary shaft is free from the first external gear, and the connection between the drive motor and the reducer is released. It can be operated by applying a small force to the output side of the reducer.

The present invention can be widely applied to gear reduction gears, but in particular, a planetary differential gear reduction gear having a gear reduction portion at the front stage as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 64-5176 mentioned above. Can be applied to. In this case, the second external gear that meshes with the first external gear is preferably connected to the crank pin of the planetary differential gear reducer.

When the present invention is embodied specifically, the first external gear side end portion of the input rotary shaft is integrally attached to the front end portion of the main body of the input rotary shaft, and It is preferable that the cylindrical member has a spline groove at its tip on the gear side, and the shaft member is spline-coupled to the cylindrical member so as to be movable in the axial direction.

As described above, the tip end portion of the input rotary shaft is constituted by the tubular member having the spline groove and the shaft member coupled to the spline groove, and the connected state of the tubular member and the shaft member is maintained even if the shaft member moves. The shaft side spline having a predetermined length is formed in the tip end portion of the tubular member in the slackened state, and the shaft side spline and the tubular side spline formed on the base side tubular portion of the first external gear are By selectively taking the engaged state and the disengaged state, the input rotary shaft and the first external gear can be brought into the engaged state and the free state by the movement of the shaft member.

In this case, the tip end portion on the input rotary shaft side is a spring member that normally urges the shaft member toward the first external gear side to spline the shaft side spline and the cylinder side spline. It is preferable to have. As a result, the shaft member meshes with the first external gear during steady operation.

Further, in order to easily make the shaft member in the engaged state with the first external gear and in the free state, the speed reducer is provided with a lid on the outside of the first external gear, and the input is provided. The rotating shaft includes a pin member that engages with the axial tip of the shaft member and a member with a recess that engages with the outer end of the pin member. Depending on the mounting direction of the recessed member, the shaft-side spline and the cylinder are provided. It is preferable to be able to selectively take a state in which the side splines are engaged with the splines and a state in which the side splines are free from each other.

With this configuration, when the concave member is attached to the outside in a convex state in accordance with the attaching direction of the member with the concave portion, the shaft side spline and the cylinder side spline are coupled to each other, and the concave portion member is attached to the inside. With the convex state, the shaft member is pushed inward, so that the shaft side spline and the cylinder side spline are in a free state, and the connected state and the free state can be achieved very easily. In particular, in order to simplify the movement of the shaft member, the recessed member is bolted to the lid member so that the shaft member can be easily attached and detached without using a special tool. Can be moved.

In this case, in order to allow relative rotation between the shaft member and the pin member pressing the shaft member, a ball member is provided at the tip of the shaft member so that the shaft member rotates together with the input rotary shaft. It is preferable to allow this.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a gear reducer with a motor according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the drive motor is a hydraulic motor, and the reducer connected to the hydraulic motor has a gear reduction mechanism at the first stage and a gear reduction mechanism at the second stage. The stage is a two-stage reduction mechanism of a planetary differential gear reducer. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a connecting portion between the right end portion of the input rotary shaft of FIG. 1 and the first external gear, (a)
Is the state in which the input rotary shaft and the first external gear are connected,
In (b), the connection between the input rotary shaft and the first external gear is released to be in a free state.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is an application of the present invention to a speed reducer with a hydraulic motor for traveling drive of a vehicle with traveling wheels, and a hydraulic motor 3 of the type described later is mounted on a frame (not shown) of the vehicle. The rotation of the hydraulic motor 3 is reduced by the speed reducer 5, and the sprocket (not shown) of the traveling drive system is driven with a large output torque via the flange 37a of the hub 37. The output shaft 11 of the hydraulic motor 3 is an input rotary shaft of the speed reducer 5 of the present invention, and is rotatably supported by a bearing 15 in a casing 13 of the hydraulic motor 3. The casing 13 of the hydraulic motor 3 constitutes a support block of the speed reducer 5 of the present invention, and will be referred to as a support block hereinafter.

First, the structure of the planetary differential gear reducer will be described. The main body of the support block 13 is composed of a disk-shaped portion 17 that constitutes the main body of the hydraulic motor 3 and a columnar portion 21 that projects from the disk-shaped portion 17.

On the surface of the disk-shaped portion 17, a bearing mounting hole 17b having a predetermined depth and a support block 13 are provided between adjacent columnar portions 21.
Hole 17 for bolting the vehicle to the frame 1 of the vehicle
forming c. Further, a central hole 21a into which the input rotary shaft 11 is fitted is formed in the central portion of the columnar portion 21.
Further, as shown on the left side of FIG. 1, the end disc 25 forming a part of the support block 13 is integrally coupled to the columnar portion 21 of the support block by a pin (not shown) to support the end disc 25. It is fixed to the columnar portion 21 of the block with bolts 24. The screw hole 21e is a fastening hole for the bolt 24 and is formed in the columnar portion 21.

The end disc 25 has a pin hole (not shown) corresponding to the pin hole of the columnar portion 21 and a bolt through hole 25c corresponding to the screw hole 21e. The bearing mounting hole 25 corresponding to the bearing mounting hole 17b formed in 17
forming d. Roller bearings 27 and 29 are mounted in the bearing mounting holes 17b and 25d, respectively, and both ends of the crank pin 31 are rotatably supported between the bearings 27 and 29 as pins for taking out the rotational movement of the pinion 33. The crank pin 31 has two crank portions 31a and 31c which are eccentrically arranged with respect to the rotation axis thereof, and the pinion 33 has the crank portion 3
It is fitted to 1a and 31c.

The pinion 33 has tooth-shaped external teeth formed by equidistant curves to the pericycloid curve on the outer peripheral surface, and the bearing 35 is provided on the crank portion 31a or 31c of the crankpin 31.
It is provided with a pin hole 33b which is engaged via. Further, a columnar groove (not shown) is formed which radially extends from the center of the pinion 33 and is slightly larger than the columnar part 21 formed on the support block 13.

In this embodiment, a ball bearing 36 is provided on the outer periphery of the disk-shaped portion 17 of the support block 13 and the end disk 25.
The hubs 37 are rotatably supported by mounting a and 36b. The hub 37 drives a drive sprocket of the vehicle, and has a number of inner teeth formed on the inner peripheral surface thereof which is slightly larger than the number of outer teeth formed on the outer periphery of the pinion 33. The groove for the columnar portion of the pinion 33 is loosely fitted in the columnar portion 21 formed by the columnar portion 21 of the support block 13, and the crank portions 31a, 31 are rotated by the rotation of the crank pin 31.
The central axis of c revolves with respect to the axis of rotation of the crank pin 31, so that the two pinions 33 revolve eccentrically, and the outer teeth engage with the internal gear of the hub 37.

In this embodiment, the first external gear 41 is fixed to the right end of the input rotary shaft 11 as will be described later, and the teeth of the first external gear 41 are attached to the right ends of the crank pins 31 supported at both ends. The second external gear 43 having a larger number of teeth is fixedly attached, and both gears 41 and 43 are meshed. Both gears 41,
A lid 47 is hermetically fastened to the outer side of 43, and an oil seal 49 is provided on the outer side of the bearing 36a that rotatably supports the hub 37 to prevent leakage of lubricating oil from the speed reducer 5.

The rotation of the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 3, that is, the input rotary shaft 11 of the speed reducer is transmitted through the first external gear 41 fixed to the input rotary shaft 11 to the second external gear 43 meshing with the both external gears 41, 43. Is transmitted after being decelerated (the first stage deceleration) according to the gear ratio. The rotation of the second external gear 43 causes the crank portion 31a of the crank pin 31 rotatably supported by the support block 13 to revolve, and the pinion 33 engages the pin hole 33b with the crank portion 31a via the bearing 35. Therefore, the eccentric revolution movement is performed by the revolution movement of the crank portion 31a. At this time, a plurality of crank pins 31
Of the pinion 33 functions so that only the rotation motion component of the revolution motion component and the rotation motion component of the pinion 33 is extracted to the hub 37. Therefore, the external teeth 33a formed on the outer periphery of the pinion 33 due to the eccentric revolution movement of the pinion 33 are
The hub 37 is engaged with an internal gear formed on the inner circumference of the hub 7 to rotate the hub 37 at a reduced speed (second speed reduction). In this way, the hub 37
The traveling system of the vehicle is driven by the sprocket attached to the collar 37a.

Next, the structure of the hydraulic motor 3 will be described. The support block 13 of the speed reducer described above simultaneously serves as the main body of the motor 3. A cylindrical inner hole 13a is formed in the motor body 13, and the input rotary shaft 11 of the speed reducer described above is formed.
Is rotatably supported by the motor body through the inner hole 13a. The cylinder block 51 is connected to the rotary shaft 11 by a spline,
A plurality of pistons 52 are mounted on the shaft so as to be slidable in the axial direction. The swash plate 53 is obliquely attached in the inner hole 13a of the main body. The tip of the piston 52 mentioned above contacts the swash plate 53 via the shoe 52a.

A valve plate 55 is provided between the left end surface of the cylinder block 51 and the lid 54 that closes the inner hole of the main body 13, and the valve plate 55 is supplied with pressure oil through the hole of the cylinder block. There is a half-moon type port for distribution.

In the hydraulic motor 3 described above, pressure oil is supplied to and discharged from the hole of the cylinder block 51 via the valve plate 55. The piston 52 slidably fitted in the hole to which the pressure oil is supplied receives a component force from the slope of the swash plate 53, and the component block causes the cylinder block 51 to rotate together with the rotating shaft 11. Thus, the hydraulic oil causes the hydraulic motor 3 to rotate in one direction.

In this embodiment, the hydraulic motor 3 is used as the drive motor and is integrally provided on the speed reducer 5.
However, the drive motor in the present invention may be a motor other than the hydraulic motor, and the drive motor and the speed reducer may not be integrated as long as they are connected.

Next, the free mechanism of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. The spline 11 is provided at the right end of the input rotary shaft 11 of the speed reducer in FIG.
The tubular body 61 is integrally attached by a or the like. The spline 11a is formed up to the right side of the hollow hole of the tubular body 61, and the shaft member 6 is provided to the spline 11a.
In the state where 3 is spline-coupled, as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), it is movable in the axial direction. Therefore,
The shaft member 63 is movable in the axial direction at the tip of the input rotary shaft 11, but does not rotate relatively.

As shown in FIG . 2, a shaft is formed on the outer periphery of the shaft member 63.
A side spline 63a is formed , and the shaft side spline 63a is positioned at a predetermined length from the right end of the shaft member 63.
The shaft side spline 63a is formed through the small diameter portion 63b extending from the position to a predetermined length . The tip from the small diameter portion 63b
The side of the shaft side spline 63a (the right side in FIG. 2) is
The axial length is set shorter than the moving length of the shaft member 63 (the length that can be moved in the axial direction).

As shown in FIG . 2, the root portion of the first external gear 41 is longer than the tooth portion of the gear of the first external gear 41.
It has a have tubular, is formed with a cylindrical side spline 41a at both ends of the hollow hole of the root portion, two ends of the cylindrical side spray
Large-diameter holes 41b are formed between the lines 41a.
It That is, adjacent to the tip side portion of the cylinder side spline 41a formed in the hollow hole of the root portion of the first external gear 41 (to the left of the tip side portion of the cylinder side spline 41a in FIGS . 1 and 2 ), A hole portion 41b having a diameter is formed . Figure 2
As shown in (a), the cylinder side spline 41a is provided with the shaft member 6
It is possible to spline-connect with the shaft side spline 63a of No. 3. The tip side portion of the cylinder side spline 41a (in FIG. 2,
The axial length of the right side portion) is also set shorter than the moving length of the shaft member 63. As shown in FIG. 2B, the shaft member 63 moves to the left to move the tip of the shaft side spline 63a .
When the end side portion is located in the large diameter hole 41b, the engagement between the cylinder side spline 41a at the base portion of the first external gear 41 and the shaft side spline 63a of the shaft member 63 is released.

The shaft member 63 is constantly urged to the right in the axial direction by a compression spring 65 mounted on the outer peripheral portion of the tubular member 61, and as shown in FIG. 2A, the shaft side spline 63a of the shaft member 63. And the cylinder side spline 41a of the first gear member
Are engaged. The right end surface of the compression spring 65 is in contact with the flange portion 63c integrally attached to the shaft member 63. A recess 63d is formed at the right end of the shaft member 63, and a ball member 66 is provided in the recess 63d so as to be freely rotatable. The ball member 66 has a tip slightly outside the right end of the shaft member 63. Overhangs. A pin member 67 with a collar 67a is in contact with the outside of the right end surface of the shaft member 63. The pin member 67 is fitted in the axial hole 47a of the lid member 47 provided on the right end surface of the speed reducer,
The right end surface of the pin member 67 has a cover recessed member 6
8 is attached to the lid member 47 with bolts 69. In FIG. 2 (a), the cover recessed member 68 projects outward, while in FIG. 2 (b),
The cover recessed member 68 projects inward. A recess is formed at the left end (inner wall) of the lid member 47 coaxially with the axial hole 47a, and a ring-shaped thrust bearing is provided between the recess at the left end of the lid member 47 and the right end of the first external gear 41. The bush 70 is interposed. In FIG. 2A, the flange 67 a of the pin member 67 is located inside the thrust bearing bush 70, while in FIG. 2B, the flange 67 a of the pin member 67 is the first external gear 41. It is located inside the cylindrical root part of.

In the state of FIG. 2A, the shaft member 63 is urged rightward by the spring 65, and the shaft member 63 is pressed by the urging force to the right side as shown in FIG. 2A. While being positioned, the first external gear 41 is in contact with the thrust bearing bush 70.
The ball member 66 formed at the tip of the shaft member 63 approaches the pin member 67 and comes into contact with or in a minute clearance state. In this state, the shaft side spline 63a of the shaft member 63 is spline-coupled with the cylinder side spline 41a of the first external gear 41, and the rotation of the input rotary shaft 11 is transmitted to the first external gear 41 via the shaft member 63. It Therefore, this state is the steady operation state.

On the other hand, when it becomes necessary to operate the speed reducer 5 by an external force for some reason, it is necessary to disconnect the drive motor 3 and the speed reducer 5. In this case,
First, the bolts 69 fixing the recessed member 68 to the lid member 47 are removed, the recessed member 68 is turned over as shown in FIG. 2B, and in this state, the bolts 69 are fastened to the lid member 47. As a result, the pin member 67 is pressed leftward by the outer surface of the recess of the recessed member 68 that is convex inward, whereby the shaft member 63 is moved leftward via the ball member 66. By this movement, the spline connection between the shaft side spline 63a of the shaft member 63 and the cylinder side spline 41a of the first external gear 41 is released, and thus the input rotary shaft 11 and the first external gear 41 become free. When the shaft member 63 is moved in the axial direction, the spring member 65 is compressed, so that the movement of the shaft member 63 to the left is performed without being obstructed.

In this way, according to the present invention, the connection between the speed reducer 5 and the drive motor 3 can be easily broken, whereby the output side of the speed reducer 5 can be operated with a relatively small force. Therefore, the speed reducer can be operated without being hindered by the drive motor 3.

[0034]

According to the present invention, when it is necessary for the gear reducer with a motor to freely operate for some reason, the connection between the motor and the gear reducer can be easily released to reduce the speed. By applying a small force to the output side part of the machine, the entire gear reducer with motor can be easily operated.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a gear reducer with a motor according to the present invention, in which the first stage is a gear reduction mechanism and the second stage is a two-stage reduction mechanism of a planetary differential gear reducer. Has become.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a connecting portion between the input rotary shaft and the first external gear of FIG. 1, in which the input rotary shaft and the first external gear are connected to each other in FIG. The rotation shaft and the first external gear are disconnected from each other and are in a free state.

[Explanation of symbols]

3 drive motor 5 reducer 11 Input rotation axis 41 First external gear 41a Tube side spline 41b Large diameter hole 43 Second external gear 47 lid member 63 shaft member 63a Spline on the shaft side 63b Small diameter part 65 compression spring 66 ball members 68 Recessed member

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Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A first external gear is attached to an input rotary shaft connected to a drive motor, and a second external gear is meshed with the first external gear. The tip portion on the side of the external gear cannot rotate relative to the input rotary shaft and is movable in the axial direction of the input rotary shaft, and the tip portion is movable in the axial direction with respect to the first external gear. In this configuration, the tip portion and the first external gear can selectively take a state of integrally rotating in accordance with the axial movement of the tip portion and a free relative rotatable state. In a free mechanism of a gear reducer with a motor, a tip portion of the input rotary shaft on the side of the first external gear is composed of a shaft member having a shaft side spline on the outer periphery, and the shaft member extends from the tip of the first external gear side to the shaft. Direction is a small diameter part from the position of the predetermined length to the predetermined length. The root side of the first external gear has a cylindrical shape longer than the length of the tooth portion of the gear, and the hollow portion of the cylindrical root portion of the first external gear has the shaft at both ends in the axial direction. A cylinder-side spline that is spline-engaged with the shaft-side spline formed in the member, and a large-diameter hole that does not spline-engage with the shaft-side spline is formed between the cylinder-side splines at both ends, and the tip portion is the first part. 1 Moved in the direction of external gear
The axial side spline of the tip portion and the cylinder side of the first external gear
The spline is engaged so that the tip portion and the first external gear are
It takes a state of rotating integrally, and the tip part is
It is moved in the direction opposite to the first external gear and the shaft side sp
The line is located at the large diameter portion of the outer first gear and
The cylinder side spline of the external gear is located in the small diameter part of the tip.
The free rotation of the tip and the first external gear.
A free mechanism of a gear reducer with a motor, which is adapted to be in a possible state . 2. A pin member engaging with an axial tip of the shaft member is provided, and a ball member is provided between the axial tip of the shaft member and the pin member. Item 1. A free mechanism of a gear reducer with a motor according to Item 1. 3. The free mechanism of a gear reducer with a motor according to claim 2, wherein the pin member is provided with a flange at an end portion on the shaft member side.