JP3438804B2 - Fire damper for building ventilation system - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fire damper used for a building ventilation device that allows ventilation between the attic of a roof of a building and the outdoors.

[0002]

[Prior art and its problems] A building ventilation system releases moisture and hot air trapped in the attic on the roof of the building to the outside to prevent spots, dew condensation and mold, and suppresses temperature rise inside the attic. . However, when a fire occurs in the building itself, the building ventilation system keeps the inside and outside of the building in communication with each other, so flames and high heat are emitted through the ventilation passage, which may cause fires and spread to surrounding buildings. On the contrary, in the case of a fire in an adjacent building, there is a risk that the flame or high heat may enter the room through the building ventilation device and cause fire spread. Therefore, there has been proposed a fire damper for a building ventilation device which is normally ventilated, and conversely stops ventilation in the event of a fire and shields the ventilation path.

For example, in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 63-201555, a valve body rotatably supported in a ventilation passage in a ridge ventilation device is opened against a spring by a temperature fuse so that the temperature fuse can be opened in case of fire. There is described a device of a fireproof damper that rotates the valve body by melting to cut off the ventilation path. The valve body 4 is pivotally supported by the hinge H at the center of the ventilation port 3 (ventilation path), the temperature fuse 6 which is substantially horizontal is connected to one side surface of the bottom portion thereof, and the coil spring 51 is stretched obliquely on the other side surface. Are connected (see FIG. 1 of the above publication). However, in the fireproof damper of the above invention, the large valve body 4 is mounted in the ventilation passage, and it is necessary to provide a space for the rotation of the valve body 4, and the temperature fuse 6 and the spring 51 are connected to a predetermined position. It is complicated to assemble with. Moreover,
If the spring 51 becomes loose due to secular change, there is a possibility that a reliable shielding state may not be obtained in case of a fire.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the problems of the above-mentioned conventional techniques, makes the fire-proof damper compact, and can be easily installed in the ridge ventilation device, and the damper automatically operates in the event of a fire. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a fire damper for a ridge ventilation device that reliably shields a ventilation path, has a small number of parts, has a simple structure, and can be easily assembled.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention shields the ventilation passage of a ridge ventilation device by naturally dropping or rotating the damper by its own weight in the event of a fire. It was made with an inspiration. That is, the fire damper for the building ventilation device of the present invention (Claim 1)
Is installed in the ridge of the building, and in the ridge ventilator provided with the upper ridge member and the lower ridge member, in the ventilation passage that communicates with the outdoor through the hollow part between the attic of the building and the upper ridge member and the lower ridge member. Between the attic and the hollow part in
And shieldable Damper vent path and the temperature deformable body supporting the damper for forming an opening in the air passage, the provided
The temperature variant at Atsushi Nobori is burnt out or elution is dropped by its own weight to the damper to close the opening, characterized in that.

Specifically, a case in which a pair of left and right openings are vertically formed is disposed in the air passage, and both vertical pieces of the damper, which is located above the case and has a substantially channel-shaped cross section, are raised. A fire damper (Claim 2) that falls by its own weight when it is warm to close the opening and a case with a horizontal opening formed in the air passage are provided, and a cross-section that is located above the case The V-shaped damper includes a fireproof damper (claim 3) that falls by its own weight when the temperature rises to close the opening. According to such a configuration, the damper is normally supported by a temperature deformable body such as a synthetic resin, solder, or a fuse, and these are burned out or eluted during a fire, so that the damper automatically falls due to its own weight, closing the opening. The ventilation path can be shielded .

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a vertical sectional view of a ridge ventilation device 1 attached to a gable roof. The ends of the right and left rafters 3 are fixed on the purlin 2 that constitutes the roof of the building, and an opening 4 that communicates with the attic K is formed on the purlin 2 including between them. Top plate 5 on the top of each rafter 3
Bases 8 pivotally supported on the lower ends of both sides of the case 6 are fixed on the upper side by nails. Both sides 8 of each base 8 and case 6
Has a hinge 10 with a spanning pin inserted through its entire length to allow each base 8 to incline in accordance with the roof slope and keep both side pieces 12 and the like of the case 6 vertically.

As shown in FIG. 2, the case 6 is a box whose upper and lower surfaces are open, and both side pieces 12 are provided with elongated openings 14 in the left-right symmetry along the longitudinal direction. A lid member 16 is fixed to both ends of the case 6 in the longitudinal direction,
A through hole 18 is formed near the center of the end surface of the lid member 16. A damper 20 having a substantially channel-shaped cross section is inserted in the upper portion of the case 6. The damper 20 is
The left and right vertical pieces 22 are provided upright on both sides of the horizontal piece 21, and the protrusions 24 having a U-shaped cross section that hang downward from the center of the horizontal piece 21 are provided over the entire length. Notches 25 are formed at both ends of the vertical piece 22, respectively. The projecting piece 28 of the temperature deformable body 26 is inserted into each through hole 18 of the lid member 16 from the outside.
The temperature deformable body 26 is made of hard vinyl chloride, and a projecting piece 28 is integrally projectingly provided on one surface of a square flange 27.
The protrusions 28 inserted from the left and right sides support both ends of the lower surface of the protrusion 24 of the damper 20. In this state, the damper 2
Each vertical piece 22 of 0 is located higher than the openings 14 on the left and right of the case 6, and the openings 14 are open (see FIG. 1). The case 6 and the damper 20 are made of a stainless steel plate, and together with the temperature deformable body 26, constitute a fire damper 30 of the present invention.

A waterproof sheet 33 is laid on the upper surfaces of the base plate 5 and the base 8 on each rafter 3 to a position where the upper edge of the waterproof sheet 33 covers each hinge 10. On top of them, the roofing board 3
2 and roof material 31 such as a roofing (not shown) are placed and fixed. Elastic foam sheets 34 on the left and right roof materials 31
Are adhered, the headstock 36 is placed thereon, the lower ridge member 40 is placed on each headstock 36, and nails are fixed to the roof material 31 through the headstock 36 from above. Each lower ridge member 40 has a through hole 46 in a vertical piece 44 standing from the screw hole 41,
On the outside of the upper surface of the sloped piece 42 along the roof, two flanges 48, which are the inner and outer sides, are erected parallel to each other, and a plurality of openings 47 are formed in each of them along the longitudinal direction. A heat insulating sheet 49 is attached to the lower surface of the inclined surface 42.

Above each lower ridge member 40, a pair of left and right upper ridge members 50 are attached. The large and small circular arc portions 52 and 54 provided at the central end of each upper ridge member 50 are inserted through each other in the longitudinal direction and are adapted to the roof slope. At the side edges of the inclined pieces 56 of each upper ridge member 50, a slot-like opening 5 is formed by bending a slit downward along the longitudinal and width directions.
8 are provided in plural, and vertical pieces 60 and small inclined pieces 6 are provided at both ends.
2 and the drainer 64 are extended. Each vertical piece 60
Are fixed to the upper piece 48a of the inner flange 48 of the lower ridge member 40 with screws 68, and each small inclined piece 62 abuts on the upper side of the outer flange 48. Reference numeral 66 in FIG.
Is a waterproof and heat insulating sheet. Upper and lower ridge members 4
An extruded profile made of aluminum alloy is used for 0 and 50.

The ridge ventilator 1 having the above-described structure is provided with a pair of left and right openings 14 of the case 6, the through holes 46 of the lower ridge member 40, and the upper ridge member from the opening 4 at the center of the attic K. Normally, it is communicated with the outside through a ventilation path communicating with each opening 58 of 50. Therefore, the moisture and hot air in the attic K are discharged to the outside through the ventilation passage, and the attic K
Prevent stains, condensation, mold, etc. inside. Also, the upper ridge member 5
Rainwater that has entered the hollow portion S between the upper and lower ridge members 40 and 50 through the respective 0 openings 58 is discharged to the outside through the left and right openings 47, respectively.

On the other hand, if a fire occurs in the building, as shown in FIG. 3 (A), the temperature deformable body 26 that supports the damper 20 at both ends of the protrusion 24 in the case 6 is hard chloride. Since it is made of vinyl, it softens and melts as the temperature rises, and burns off at high temperatures. Then, as shown in FIG. 3B, the damper 20 loses its support and falls by its own weight, and both ends of the ridge 24 are placed on the bottom piece 17 of the lid member 16.
Then, each vertical piece 22 of the damper 20 is in a state of closing the entire opening 14 of the case 6. When the opening 14 is closed, the ventilation path is in a shielded state, preventing flames due to an indoor fire and release of high heat to the outside, and suppressing burning. On the contrary, even if the temperature rises due to the fire from the adjacent house, the ventilation passage is blocked by the fall of the damper 20 as described above,
Prevent the spread of fire inside the building. As described above, the fire damper 30 is wholly compact, can be easily installed in the ventilation passage of the ridge ventilation device 1, and has a small number of parts and moving parts.
This has the advantage that the ventilation path can be reliably shielded in the event of a fire, and that it does not easily change over time. The temperature deformable body 26 may be made of a synthetic resin such as a thermoplastic acrylic resin, polyamide, or polyethylene. Also,
As will be described later, it is also possible to mold with a low-melting point metal such as Pb, Sn, Zn or the like that forms solder or fuse, or an alloy based on these.

FIG. 4 relates to a different form of fire damper. The fireproof damper 70 shown in FIG.
The damper 72 having a channel-shaped cross section is inserted downward, and the lower ends of both vertical pieces 74 of the damper 72 are supported by the same temperature deformable body 76 as described above to open the openings 14 of the left and right side pieces 12. . Then, in the event of a fire, the temperature deformable body 76
Is melted and burned down, the damper 72 is dropped by its own weight, and both vertical pieces 74 close each opening 14, thereby shielding the ventilation passage in the ridge ventilation device and preventing fire spread.

In the fire damper 80 shown in FIG. 4B, the left and right side pieces 83 of the case 82 extend obliquely upward and symmetrically, and a horizontal opening 84 is formed at the bottom between the side pieces 83. Form. On the other hand, the damper 8 located above the case 82
6 has a substantially V-shaped cross section, the left and right vertical pieces 87 are inclined similarly to the side pieces 83, and both ends of the bottom piece 88 are supported by the same temperature deformable body 89 as described above, and the opening portion is formed. 84 is open. At the time of a fire, the temperature deformable body 89 is burned off as in the above case, and the damper 86 falls by its own weight to close the opening portion 84, so that the ventilation path is shielded and the fire spread is prevented. This damper 86 is a case 8
Even if the set position with respect to 2 is slightly deviated, since the vertical pieces 87 are guided by the inclined surfaces of the side pieces 83 of the case 82, the opening 84 can be reliably closed.

FIG. 5 relates to a fire protection damper 90 of the reference embodiment. In the case 91, a pair of side pieces 94 having a lower hinge 92 side as an inclined surface 93 are erected symmetrically, and an opening 95 is formed between the hinges 92. At the center of the opening 95, a hinge 96 is installed over the entire length along the longitudinal direction,
A pair of bilaterally symmetrical dampers 97 having a substantially cross section are rotatably supported. The upper ends of the dampers 97 are welded to each other by a temperature-changing body 98 made of solder on each inner side surface of the damper 97 so that the dampers 97 are in an upright state to open the openings 95. In this case, the dampers 97 are displaced leftward and rightward by the width dimension of the temperature deformable body 98, and the respective centers of gravity are biased. Then, in the event of a fire, the temperature deformable body 98 elutes, each damper 97 rotates in the left-right direction by its own weight, and each tip edge makes surface contact with the inclined surface 93 of the case 91. For this reason, the opening 95 is closed by both dampers 97, and the ventilation passage in the ridge ventilation device is shielded to prevent the spread of fire. It is desirable for fire prevention to attach a heat resistant sheet to the lower side of the hinge 96 so as to straddle the dampers 97 on both sides.

Further, a heavy weight W made of steel or the like for urging the rotation is fixed to the center of the side surface of each damper 97. These weights W may be further projected in the left-right direction in order to increase the rotation moment of each damper 97. Further, in the figure, the pair of dampers 97 are pivotally supported by the central hinge 96, but they are pivotally supported by the hinges 92 of the left and right cases 91 in opposite lateral directions, and are rotated toward the center side in the event of a fire, so that each leading edge is centered. You may make it overlap with. Also,
One damper 97 is provided only on one hinge 92 of the case 91.
The damper 97 may be pivotally supported and the front edge of the damper 97 may be in surface contact with the inclined surface 93 of the opposite side piece 94 in the event of a fire.

[0017] FIG. 6, fire damper 10 of another different reference form
Regarding 0. One damper 102 is rotatably supported by the hinge 92 on the right side of the case 91, and the center of the right side surface of the damper 102 is welded to a temperature-changing body 104 made of solder to stand upright to open the opening 95. ing. Also, the case 91
A guide 106 having a triangular cross section is fixed above the inner surface of the right side piece 94, and a weight W having a wedge-shaped cross section is provided between the guide 106 and the right side surface of the damper 102 at the lower end of the temperature. It is inserted so as to be close to the deformable body 104. Therefore, when the temperature deformable body 104 elutes at the time of fire, the wedge-shaped weight W falls and gives a counterclockwise rotational force to the damper 102. Therefore, the damper 102 rotates to the position of the broken line in the figure, the inclined portion 103 at the tip thereof is brought into surface contact with the inclined surface 93 on the left side, and the opening portion 95 is closed. Moreover,
Since the wedge-shaped weight W is placed on the upper surface of the damper 102 that closes the opening 95, pressure may be applied to the ventilation path due to a temperature difference between the inside and the outside, and the ventilation state may be inadvertently returned to. Can also be prevented. The temperature deformable body 104 and the guide 10
A plurality of weights 6 and weights W may be installed along the longitudinal direction of the damper 102. In addition, a pair of dampers 10
2 is symmetrically attached to each hinge 92, and a guide 106 and a weight W are also provided in the same manner.
Can also be configured to overlap each other.

The present invention is not limited to each of the forms described above. As shown in FIG. 7, the applied ridge ventilation device is attached to a roof having different left and right slopes, the lower ridge member 40 is fixed only to the left roof side, and the same upper ridge member having the opening 58 is provided. 50 also attached only to the left, the and right, even the 'building ventilation system 1' is used for no openings completion of framework members 50, fire damper 30, as shown, of course, fire protection damper described above 70 and 80 can be adopted. In addition, if the ridge ventilation device is long in the longitudinal direction, multiple fire dampers used inside may be installed in series, or
The case of each fire-damping damper may be elongated, and a plurality of dampers may be provided above the inside thereof. In the case of the former,
In the latter case, it is necessary to consider the fire protection structure between each case and the blockage between each damper.

Further, as the temperature deformable body, in addition to the above-mentioned one, a double-sided tape which is stuck between the parallel surfaces of the case and the damper, which face each other in close proximity to each other, or nylon epoxy, rubber epoxy, or the like is used. Structural adhesive
Various adhesives such as (JIS K 6800), hot melt, and cyanoacrylate adhesive can also be used.

[0020]

As described above, the present invention
According to (Claim 1) , the moisture and hot air inside the attic are released to the outside by normally opening the ventilation passage of the ridge ventilation device to communicate with the inside and outside of the building, and stains, condensation, and mold inside the attic are concerned. In case of fire, the damper will automatically fall or rotate due to its own weight to close the opening in the ventilation path, and the ventilation path can be reliably shielded from burning inside the building and surroundings. It is possible to prevent the spread of fire. In addition, claim 2,
According to the invention of 3, since the whole is compact, the number of parts and the number of moving parts are small, it is easy to install, the ventilation passage can be surely shielded by the burning of the temperature deformable body, and it can withstand aged deterioration. Fireproof performance can be maintained .

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a building ventilation device using a fireproof damper of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the fire damper of the present invention.

FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are vertical cross-sectional views showing a state before and after the operation of the fireproof damper of the present invention.

FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are vertical cross-sectional views of fire protection dampers of different forms according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a fire protection damper according to a reference embodiment.

6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a fire damper different, the reference embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of a building ventilation device of a different form using the fireproof damper of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1,1 '……………………………… Building ventilation device 6,8 2 ………………………… Case 14,84 4 ……………………………… Opening 20,72,8 6 ... .................. damper 22,74,87 ..................... vertical piece 26,76,8 9 ... .................. temperature deformable body 30,70,8 0 ... .................. fire damper 40 ....................................... under wing member 50 ....................................... completion of framework member S ..................... ………………… Hollow part

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A ridge ventilation device which is attached to a ridge of a building and includes an upper ridge member and a lower ridge member, and communicates the outside of the building with the outside through a hollow portion between the upper ridge member and the lower ridge member. between the attic and the hollow portion of the air passage, and shieldable damper vent path and the temperature deformable body supporting the damper for forming an opening in the air passage, the provided heating A fire protection damper for a building ventilation device, characterized in that the temperature deformable body is sometimes burned or eluted and the damper is dropped by its own weight to close the opening. 2. A case, in which a pair of left and right openings are vertically formed, is arranged in the air passage, and both vertical pieces of the damper, which is located above the case and has a substantially channel-shaped cross section, are naturally arranged when the temperature rises. The fire damper for a building ventilation device according to claim 1, wherein the fire damper is dropped to close the opening. 3. A case, in which a horizontal opening is formed, is arranged in the ventilation passage, and a damper having a substantially V-shaped cross section, which is located above the case, spontaneously falls when the temperature rises, so that the opening is closed. The fire damper for a ridge ventilation device according to claim 1, which is closed .