JP3413369B2 - Information processing device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus which shares a computing unit with a physical memory used when executing a plurality of programs.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, it has become possible to execute a plurality of programs of large size on a single computer by means of multi-programming technology and virtual memory technology. When executing programs, computer resources are shared and multiple programs are executed. At this time, a plurality of programs are stored in the virtual memory on the hard disk of the computer and the physical memory on the semiconductor memory, and the programs are executed. When executing the program, the arithmetic units are assigned according to the priority order of the program execution, and the program is executed.

An example of the above-mentioned conventional information processing apparatus will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of memory allocation of a conventional information processing apparatus. In FIG. 3, S
z1 is the execution environment of the program, that is, the size of the physical memory allocated to the user, that is, the environment allocation size. Pg is a program to be executed. Reference numeral 1 denotes a user environment holding unit that holds an environment allocation size assigned to each user who executes a program, a program execution priority, and the like. Reference numeral 11 denotes a memory size reading unit that extracts the environment allocation size Sz1 of the physical memory allocated for each user environment. An area allocation unit 12 allocates a physical memory used when the program is executed. A semiconductor memory 51 is a physical memory that stores a program. Reference numeral 52 is a virtual memory on the disk device. Reference numeral 2 is an arithmetic unit that executes a program.

The operation of the information processing apparatus configured as described above will be described below.

In executing a program using the virtual storage technology, the user environment holding unit 1 uses a physical memory, a disk,
It holds allocation information of computer resources necessary for executing programs such as arithmetic unit allocation. Then, the memory size reading unit 11 reads the environment allocation size Sz1 of the physical memory held in the user environment holding unit 1, and passes the environment allocation size Sz1 of the physical memory to the area allocating unit 12. The program Pg is copied from the virtual memory 52 to the physical memory 51 at the time of execution, the instructions and data of the program Pg in the physical memory 51 are read into the computing unit 2, and the program Pg is executed.

At this time, in copying the program Pg from the virtual memory 52 to the physical memory 51, if there is a free area in the physical memory 51, the program Pg is copied to the free area, but there is no free area in the physical memory 51. In this case, the program Pg that exceeds the size that can be stored in the physical memory 51 is removed from the physical memory 51 and returned to the virtual memory 52. This exchange of the program Pg is called swapping. The swapping causes the transfer of the program Pg between the physical memory 51 and the virtual memory 52, which slows down the execution of the program Pg.

On the other hand, FIG. 4 shows a block diagram for selecting a program to be executed by assigning the arithmetic unit 2 in the conventional information processing apparatus. In FIG. 4, Ys1 is a priority when executing a program included in the execution environment, that is, an environment priority, which is set and held in the user environment holding unit 1 for each user. Reference numeral 21 is an environment priority reading unit that extracts the environment priority Ys1. A program selection unit 22 selects a program Pg to be executed according to the execution priority. Reference numeral 2 denotes an arithmetic unit that executes the program Pg as in FIG.

The operation of the information processing apparatus configured as described above will be described below.

In the program execution using the multi-programming technique, a plurality of programs are sequentially executed according to the execution priority. Program execution priority Ys1
Are stored in the user environment storage unit 1 for each user.
Then, the environment priority reading unit 21 reads the environment priority Ys1 from the user environment holding unit 1 and sends it to the program selecting unit 22. Furthermore, in the program selection unit 22,
A program Pg having a high environmental priority Ys1 is selected from a plurality of programs, and the program Pg is sent to the computing unit 2 and executed.

[0011]

However, in the conventional information processing apparatus as shown in FIG. 3 or 4,
Each had the following problems.

That is, in the information processing apparatus shown in FIG. 3, even if the size required for the program Pg to use the physical memory 2 is small, the environment size of the physical memory set for each user environment for program execution. Sz1 applies. That is, even when a plurality of small programs and a large program are simultaneously executed in the same execution environment, an area in the physical memory 51 corresponding to the environment size Sz1 which is about the same size is allocated to the small program and the large program. As a result, the physical memory becomes full, and when executing a plurality of programs, swapping between the physical memory 51 and the virtual memory 52 is unlikely to occur when executing a small program, but swapping occurs when executing a large program. However, there is a problem that the execution of the program becomes slow.

On the other hand, in the case shown in FIG. 4, when a plurality of programs are executed by the same user, the priority for using the arithmetic unit 2 in the program selection unit 22 is the same as the environment priority Y.
It became s1 and there was a problem that when trying to execute a specific program with priority, there is a problem.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to prevent a physical memory in a computer from being occupied by a small program in an information processing apparatus for executing a plurality of programs. The purpose is to effectively prevent the delay of the execution of the program by effectively utilizing the physical memory and preferentially allocating the arithmetic unit to the program which should be truly preferentially executed.

[0015]

In order to achieve the above object, the means of the invention of claim 1 processes a plurality of programs requested to be processed by an execution environment in accordance with a command of a command means. The information processing apparatus configured as described above is targeted.

Then, as shown in FIG. 2, in the information processing apparatus, an execution priority held by the execution environment for executing the program is extracted as an environment priority, and an execution priority included in the program. , A priority input section for inputting as a program priority, an output of the priority input, a priority changing section for writing the program priority inside the program, and an output of the priority changing section,
When the program is executed, the program priority reading unit that reads the program priority from the program and the outputs of the environment priority reading unit and the program priority reading unit are received, and the environmental priority and the program priority are compared to give priority. A priority comparison unit that outputs the one with the lower priority as the runtime priority is provided.

Further, the command means receives the output of the comparison section and commands the selection of a program in accordance with the execution priority when the program is executed.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the virtual memory is arranged in parallel with the physical memory and the memory contents can be transferred to the physical memory, and the program. And a region measuring unit that measures the memory size of the storage region referred to during program execution as the program size, and the priority input unit controls the program size measured by the region measuring unit. The programs are compared, and the input is made so that the smaller size has lower priority.

[0019]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the run-time priority of the program is not set higher than the environment priority held by the user environment holding unit, and the program whose run-time priority is desired to be lowered is the program run-time priority. It is possible to automatically execute the operation in the lowered state. That is, even for the same program, by changing the execution priority for each user, the priority for allocating the arithmetic unit for each program is retained, and the arithmetic unit has priority over the program to be preferentially executed. Assigned to. Therefore, the selection of the program to be executed becomes smooth, and the delay in the execution of the program is prevented.

In the invention of claim 2, in the operation of the invention of claim 1, the priority input section compares the sizes of the programs measured by the area measuring section, and the priority of the smaller program size is determined. Since the input is low, the one with the larger program size is executed with priority. Therefore, a large program is often executed with plenty of physical memory, which reduces the frequency of swapping with virtual memory due to lack of free space in physical memory. Loss will be reduced.

[0021]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(First Embodiment) First, the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the memory allocation unit of the information processing apparatus according to the first embodiment. In FIG. 1, 51 is a physical memory, 52 is a virtual memory, 1 is a user environment holding unit, and 2 is a computing unit. The user environment holding unit 1 has an environment allocation size S that is allocated in advance so as to occupy a predetermined area of the physical memory 51 for each user environment.
Holds z1. Further, 11 is a memory size reading unit for taking out the environment allocation size Sz1 of the user environment for executing the program, and 12 is an area allocation unit for allocating an area for using the physical memory 51 when the program Pg is executed. The above configuration is basically the same as that of the conventional information processing apparatus.

Here, the size of the storage area referred to in a unit time by executing the program Pg is the program size Sz2.
Area measuring section 13 for measuring as, the program changing section 14 for writing the program size Sz2 measured by the area measuring section 13 into the program Pg, and the program size reading section 15 for reading the program size Sz2 from the program Pg when the program Pg is executed. And a size comparison unit 16 that compares the environment allocation size Sz1 with the program size Sz2 and outputs the smaller one as the runtime allocation size Szj.

The operation of the information processing apparatus configured as above will be described.

That is, before the program is executed, the area measuring unit 13 executes the program Pg on a trial basis for a certain period of time, measures the size of the storage area referred to during the execution of the program Pg, and determines the size of the program size. Sz2. In addition, in the program changing unit 14, the area measuring unit 13
The program size Sz2 of the storage area measured in step S4 is written in the program Pg in advance. Furthermore, when executing the program Pg, the program size reading unit 1
In step 5, the program size Sz2 described in the program Pg is read when the program Pg is executed, and this program size Sz2 is sent to the size comparison unit 16. on the other hand,
In the user environment holding unit 1 for executing the program,
The allocation information of the computer resources such as the physical memory, the disk amount, and the allocation of the arithmetic units necessary for executing the program is held, and the memory size reading unit 11 allows the user who is held in the user environment holding unit 1 to The environment allocation size Sz1 of the allocated physical memory is fetched and sent to the size comparison unit 16. Then, the size comparing unit 16 compares the program size Sz2 read by the program size reading unit 15 with the environment allocation size Sz1 read by the memory size reading unit 11, and the smaller one is the execution allocation size Szj. It is sent to the area allocation unit 12. After that, the area allocation unit 12 follows the physical memory 5 used by the program Pg according to the runtime allocation size Szj from the size comparison unit 16.
One area is allocated.

Here, the program Pg is copied from the virtual memory 52 to the physical memory 51 at the time of execution, and the instructions and data of the program Pg in the physical memory 51 are stored in the arithmetic unit 2.
Is read into and the program Pg is executed. When the program Pg is copied from the virtual memory 52 to the physical memory 51, if the physical memory 51 has a free area, the program Pg is copied to the free area. However, if there is no free area in the physical memory 51, the program P that exceeds the runtime allocation size Szj of the physical memory 51 and is used.
g is removed from physical memory 51 and returned to virtual memory 52. However, the runtime allocation size Szj is not determined only by the environment allocation size Sz1 of the execution environment, but is set accordingly if the program Pg to be executed is small.

In the first embodiment, the area occupied by the program Pg, which requires only a small storage area, in the physical memory 51 is small, and as a result, the capacity of the physical memory 51 is large. That is, the physical memory 51 is efficiently allocated by minimizing the size of the physical memory 51 allocated during program execution according to the program.

In particular, by arranging the virtual memory 52 and replacing the storage location of the program Pg with the virtual memory 52 when the physical memory 51 runs out of free space, the capacity of the physical memory 51 is exceeded. However, if the programs are exchanged or swapped frequently, the time loss associated with the transfer of the program Pg may increase. Here, in the second embodiment, since the capacity of the physical memory 51 has a margin as described above, the frequency of swapping even if the program Pg that requires a large storage area is executed is reduced, Time loss due to swapping can be effectively reduced. That is, it is possible to effectively prevent the delay in the execution of the program Pg.

(Second Embodiment) Next, a second embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of selecting a program to be executed by allocating the arithmetic unit 2 of the information processing apparatus according to the second embodiment corresponding to the present invention. Reference numeral 21 is an environment priority reading unit that reads the environment priority Ys1 of the user environment holding unit 1, 23 is a priority input unit that inputs the program priority Ys2, and 24 is a program change that writes the program priority Ys2 into the program Pg. Part, 25 is the program priority Y written in the program Pg.
Priority reading unit for reading s2, 26 indicates environment priority Y
s1 is compared with the program priority Ys2, and the lower one has a priority comparison unit that sets the execution priority Ysj to the lower one, 22 a program selection unit that selects the program Pg to be executed according to the execution priority Ysj, and 2 the program Pg. It is an arithmetic unit to execute.

The operation of the information processing apparatus configured as described above will be described below.

When the program priority Ys2 for executing the program Pg is manually input by the priority input unit 23 prior to the program execution, the program changing unit 2
In 4, the program priority Ya2 is written in the program Pg in advance. When the program Pg is executed, the program priority reading unit 2 reads the program priority written in the program Pg and sends it to the priority comparing unit 26. On the other hand, the environment priority Ys1 held in the user environment holding unit 1 is read by the environment priority reading unit 21, and the environment priority Ys1 is sent to the priority comparing unit 26. The priority comparison unit 26 compares the environmental priority Ys1 and the program priority Ys2, and the lower one is sent to the program selection unit 22 as the runtime priority Ysj. The program selection unit 22 selects a program Pg having a high execution priority Ysj from a plurality of programs, sends the program Pg to the computing unit 2, and executes the contents of the program Pg.

As a result, the execution priority Ysj of the program Pg is the environment priority Ys1 held by the user environment holding unit 1.
The program Pg whose run-time priority Ysj is desired to be lowered can be executed in a state where it is automatically lowered during program execution without being set higher than the above. That is, even with the same program, the execution priority can be changed for each user, and the priority for assigning the arithmetic unit 2 can be held as the execution priority for each program. Therefore, the computing unit 2 can be preferentially assigned to the program Pg desired to be executed preferentially, the program Pg can be smoothly selected, and the delay in execution of the program can be prevented.

Although the embodiment is omitted, in the second embodiment, the program priority Ys2 is set by the priority input unit 23.
Instead of the user manually inputting, the area measuring unit 13 is provided as in the first embodiment, and the priority input unit 23 compares the size Sz2 of each program measured by the area measuring unit 13, The smaller program size Sz2 may be input with a lower priority. In this case, the program with the larger program size Sz2 is preferentially executed, so the program P with the larger program size Sz2 is executed.
The g is often executed in a state where the physical memory 51 has a margin. Therefore, the physical memory 51 runs out of free space and the frequency of swapping is reduced, and the time loss due to swapping can be reduced.

[0034]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the invention, as the information processing apparatus, the environment priority held by the execution environment for executing the program is taken out, while the program priority of the program is stored inside the program. To read this program priority when executing the program, and compare the environmental priority with the program priority and output the one with the lower priority as the runtime priority,
Since the program is configured to be selected according to the execution priority when the program is executed, even if the same program is used, the execution priority can be changed for each user.
An arithmetic unit can be preferentially assigned to a program to be preferentially executed, so that it is possible to prevent a delay in program execution due to program selection and improve processing speed.

According to the invention of claim 2, in the invention of claim 1, the virtual memory is arranged, the program is executed for a predetermined time, and the memory size of the storage area referred to during execution of the program is set as the program size. I measured the size of each program and compared the sizes of the programs, so I input a lower priority for the one with the smaller program size.
The frequency of swapping between the physical memory and the virtual memory can be reduced, and thus the processing speed can be significantly improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an area allocation system based on a memory size of an information processing apparatus according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a program selection system according to a priority of an information processing apparatus according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an area allocation system based on a memory size of an information processing apparatus according to a conventional example.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a program selection system based on priorities of information processing apparatuses according to the related art.

[Explanation of symbols]

Sz1 environment allocation size Sz2 program size Szj runtime size Ys1 environmental priority Ys2 program priority Ysj runtime priority Pg program 1 User environment holding unit 2 calculator 11 Memory size reading unit 12 Area allocation section 13 Area measurement section 14 Program change section 15 Program size reading section 16 size comparison section 21 Environmental priority reading section 22 Program selection section 23 Priority input section 24 Program change section 25 Program priority reading section 26 Priority comparison section 51 physical memory 52 virtual memory

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A-4-76732 (JP, A) JP-A-4-155449 (JP, A) "ACOS Software ACOS-4 / MVP XE Supervisor Manual DDA72-3" , Japan, NEC Corporation, March 1988, 3rd edition, pp. 42-44, 66, 67 (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G06F 9/46 G06F 15/00 310 G06F 1/00 370

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. An information processing apparatus configured to process a plurality of programs requested to be processed by the execution environment in accordance with a command from a command means, the execution priority being held by the execution environment for executing the program. , An environment priority reading unit that retrieves as an environment priority, a priority input unit that inputs the execution priority of the program as a program priority, an output of the priority input, and the program priority described above. To the program priority reading section, which receives the output of the priority changing section, reads the program priority from the program when the program is executed, and the environment priority reading section and the program priority reading section. Output, the environmental priority and the program priority are compared, and the one with the lower priority is given priority at runtime. And a priority comparison unit that outputs the above-mentioned, and the command means receives the output of the comparison unit and commands the selection of a program according to the execution priority when the program is executed. apparatus. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a virtual memory arranged in parallel with the physical memory and configured so that the memory contents can be transferred to the physical memory, and the program is executed for a predetermined time, An area measurement unit that measures the memory size of the storage area referred to by the program during execution as a program size is provided.The priority input unit compares the program sizes measured by the area measurement unit for each program and An information processing apparatus, characterized in that an input is made such that the smaller one has a lower priority.