JP3413225B2 - Surgical microscope - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a surgical microscope.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as means for specifying the position in the observation field of view of a microscope, Japanese Examined Patent Publication (Kokoku) No. 49-1220.
The pointing device disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication is known. this is,
An index, the display position of which is moved by operating a handle provided on the microscope barrel, is displayed in the observation visual field, and a specific position in the observation visual field can be visually recognized by the index. When such an indicating device is used in a surgical microscope, for example, the focus position in a surgical site with severe irregularities is specified, or the visual field center position is specified when the observation image is magnified and magnified, and a hemostatic laser irradiation device is used. It is possible to effectively specify the position in the observation visual field, such as specifying the laser irradiation position when using together.

As another means for focusing on a specific position in the observation visual field, there is one disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-95936. This is to identify the attention position of the observer in the observation visual field from the line of sight of the observer and focus on that position. Further, as another means for enlarging and changing the magnification of an observation image with a specific position within the observation visual field as the center of the visual field, there is one disclosed in JP-A-3-296011. In this system, a movable index is displayed on the monitor together with the observation image, and the microscope is controlled so that the observation image is magnified and magnified with the position designated by the index on the monitor as the center of the visual field.

[0004]

When the above-mentioned conventional technique is applied to a surgical microscope, there are the following problems. That is,
Generally, a surgical microscope uses an objective lens having a long focal length to secure a working space. Therefore, when the pointing device disclosed in the above Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 49-1220 is used as it is in the surgical microscope, the distance between the observation point and the microscope becomes large, and therefore the handle operation for moving the index is a surgical operation. There has been a problem that handling work becomes complicated because it must be interrupted. Also, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-9593
When focusing on a specific site in the visual field using the one disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 6, the operator must continue to look at the specific site for a certain period of time. Normally, the operator must constantly monitor the entire observation visual field during the operation, such as the change in color of the operation site and the presence or absence of a bleeding site. Therefore, such a configuration is not suitable for a surgical microscope. Further, the one disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-296011 has a problem that stereoscopic viewing is not possible because the image projected on the monitor is observed and the resolution is insufficient. It was

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art, and its object is to facilitate the recognition of the position on the scope during the operation by instructing the observation site. An object of the present invention is to provide a surgical microscope that can be used.

[0006]

Operation microscope SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present first invention provides a surgical microscope having an observation means for observing the optical image of the subject, the observation of the said observation means
A first point and a second point from the first observation region of the subject
An instruction unit having a steerable instructing section point of the observation
Means for controlling the first point and the second point to include the first point
The second observation area, which requires a narrower observation than the first observation area,
An observation area that expands to a region substantially the same as the first observation region
And a zone expanding means . In addition, the surgical microscope of the second aspect of the present invention uses the light of the subject.
For surgical microscopes with observation means for observing scientific images
At this time, the first
A finger capable of pointing the first point and the second point from the first observation area
The instruction means having a display part and the observation means are controlled to
At the observation center of the first observation region, the first point and the second point
Which includes a narrower observation than the first observation region
The observation center of the second observation area is moved to move the second observation area.
The second observation area is expanded with the observation center of the area as the expansion center.
Observation for generating a large magnified image at the observation position of the observation means
Area expanding means, and
is there. Further, at least the surgical microscope of the third invention is
And an objective lens for obtaining an optical image of the subject
Includes variable power optics to change the magnification of the optical image of the body.
In a surgical microscope having an observation means,
The first moving means for moving the step and the observing means
Is provided to hold the variable power optical system and to
Change the relative distance between the lens and the zoom optical system.
Second moving means capable of moving the variable power optical system,
The first observation area of the subject observed by the observation means
Has an indicator that can indicate the first and second points from the area
Before indicating the first point and the second point
It is possible to detect the relative position of the instruction section with respect to the observation means.
Effective detecting means, and including the first point and the second point,
A second observation area that is desired to be narrower than the first observation area
The detecting means for observing the
Based on the detection result of the first moving means and the second moving means.
Calculating means for calculating the movement amount of the moving means of
Based on the result, the first moving means and the second moving means
Driving means for driving the stage, as characterized in that it comprises
It consists of

[0007]

In the first aspect of the present invention, the pointing portion of the pointing means covers the object.
Point the first and second points from the first observation area of the specimen.
The observation area is controlled by the observation area expanding means,
From the first observation area including the first and second points of the body
The second observation area, which is desired to be narrow, is referred to as the first observation area.
Expand to approximately the same area. Further, in the second invention,
From the first observation region of the subject to the first
The point 1 and the second point are designated by the observation area expanding means.
The first and second points of the subject by controlling the observation means
Second view that includes a narrower observation than the first observation area including
Move the observation center of the observation area to observe the second observation area
Enlarged image of the second observation area with the center as the center of enlargement
Is generated at the observation position of the observation means. In addition, the third invention
Then, the first observation region of the subject is indicated by the instruction unit of the instruction means.
From the first point and the second point by the detecting means
View of the indicator that indicates the first point and the second point of the subject
The position relative to the detection means is detected, and this detection result
Based on the movement amount of the first moving means and the second moving means
Calculate and drive the drive means based on this calculation result
By including the first point and the second point of the subject,
The second observation area, which requires a narrower observation than the first observation area,
Magnification observation is possible with an observation means.

[0008]

EXAMPLES Examples will be described with reference to the drawings. First Example FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an optical system of this example. Figure 1
In the figure, 1 is an objective lens capable of changing the focal position of the observation object point by changing the lens interval, and 2, 3 and 4 are a pair of variable magnification lenses, an imaging lens and an eyepiece for stereoscopic viewing respectively. , And these constitute a stereoscopic observation optical system in the mirror body 5. Reference numerals 6 and 7 denote a movable portion and a fixed portion, respectively, which constitute a focusing mechanism. The movable portion 6 is integrally fixed to the mirror body 5, and the fixed portion 7 is provided with an observation light beam via a roller guide 8. It is movable in the direction of arrow 9 parallel to the axis. Reference numerals 10 and 11 denote a movable portion and a fixed portion, respectively, which constitute a horizontal movement mechanism. The movable portion 10 is integrally fixed to a fixed portion 7 of the focusing mechanism, and the fixed portion 11 is a pedestal (not shown) installed in an operating room. Is attached to. Further, the movable portion 10 is movable in the arrow 13 direction with respect to the fixed portion 7 via the roller guide 12. The mirror body 5 has a motor 14 (not shown) for changing the lens interval of the objective lens 1.
However, the fixed portion 7 of the focusing mechanism also has a motor 15 (not shown) built therein for moving the movable portion 6 in the direction of arrow 9, and each motor is operated by a drive circuit described later,
Positional sensors 16 and 17 detect the distance between the lenses that move with the operation of the motor and the amount of movement of the movable portion 6.

Reference numeral 18 denotes an axis 19 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing with respect to the mirror body 5.
A first arm, which is rotatably mounted around a plane perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, and is rotatably mounted in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, is rotatable about a shaft 21 perpendicular to the plane of the first arm 18. The attached second arms and 22 are attached to the second arm 20 so as to be rotatable about an axis 23 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, and have a sharp tip portion, and a switch 24 on the holding portion. , 25 is a surgical tool for instructing a surgical site. Encoders 26, 27, 28 (not shown) are built in the rotating parts of the shafts 19, 21, 23, respectively.
By measuring the amount of rotation of each axis by these encoders, the mirror body 5 and the first arm 1 which are displaced around each axis
8, the mutual position of the second arm 20 and the surgical instrument 22 can be detected.

FIG. 2 shows an electric circuit block of this embodiment. In FIG. 2, the switches 24 and 25 arranged on the surgical instrument 22 are connected to a switch circuit 29 that outputs an operation signal to each circuit according to each switching operation.
The switch circuit 29 receives the signals from the encoders 26, 27 and 28 and calculates the tip position of the surgical instrument 22. The position calculation circuit 30 receives the signals from the position calculation circuit 30 and the motor 14 for changing the lens interval. It is connected to a second arithmetic circuit 32 that receives signals from the first arithmetic circuit 31 and the position arithmetic circuit 30 that calculate the driving direction and the driving amount, and that calculates the driving direction and the driving amount of the motor 15 for moving the focusing mechanism. And outputs an operation signal to each arithmetic circuit. The first arithmetic circuit 31 is the motor 1
4 is connected to a first drive circuit 34 that outputs a drive signal,
The second arithmetic circuit 32 is connected to a second drive circuit 35 that outputs a drive signal to the motor 15. Further, the first arithmetic circuit 31 and the second arithmetic circuit 32 are mutually connected by a signal line, and further, the memory circuit 33 is connected to the second arithmetic circuit 32 by a signal line. Further, the position sensors 16 and 17 for detecting the distances between the lenses and the respective movement amounts of the focusing mechanism, in other words, the driving amounts of the motors 14 and 15, are respectively provided with the first arithmetic circuit 31 and the first arithmetic circuit 31, respectively.
It is connected to the second arithmetic circuit 32.

Next, the operation of this embodiment having the above structure will be described. In the figure, the light emitted from the operation site O is imaged through the objective lens 1, the variable power lens 2, and the imaging lens 3, and is observed by the operator through the eyepiece lens 4. At this time, since the surgical site O has irregularities, there are a focused portion and a non-focused portion within the same visual field.

When focusing on an out-of-focus portion, the operator operates the surgical instrument 22, moves the tip of the surgical instrument 22 to the out-of-focus portion, and turns on the switch 24. The switch circuit 29 which has received the ON information of the switch 24
Outputs an arithmetic command to the position arithmetic circuit 30 and the first arithmetic circuit 31, and in the position arithmetic circuit 30, the encoders 26, 27,
The tip position of the surgical instrument 22 is calculated from the angle information of 28 and the length of each arm connected to each encoder. In this case, the tip position of the surgical instrument 22 is the height from the distal end of the surgical instrument 22 to the mirror body 5. When the first arithmetic circuit 31 receives the tip position information of the surgical instrument 22, it receives the current focal position information of the objective lens 1 from the position sensor 16 to calculate the positional deviation amount of the both in the observation optical axis direction, and The lens movement direction and the movement amount of the objective lens 1 for correcting the deviation are determined. Then, the first drive circuit 34 drives the motor 14 based on the calculation result of the first calculation circuit 31 to correct the deviation amount, and
The arithmetic circuit 31 confirms that the deviation amount is corrected by the signal from the position sensor 16 and stops the motor 14.

Further, since forceps or the like is inserted through the surgical site opening P to treat the surgical site O, if it is desired to keep the distance between the surgical process opening surface P'and the body 5 constant, the operator Is the surgical tool 22
Is operated, its tip is moved to contact with P ', and the switch 25 is turned on. The switch circuit 29 which has received the ON information of the switch 25 receives the position calculation circuit 30 and the second calculation circuit 3 from the position calculation circuit 30.
An arithmetic command is output to 2, and the position arithmetic circuit 30 calculates the tip position (height) of the surgical instrument 22 from the angle information of the encoders 26, 27 and 28 and the length of each arm connected to each encoder. In the second arithmetic circuit 32, when the tip position information of the surgical instrument 22 is received, the mirror body 5 in the case of being lifted in the optical axis direction by L as a distance for inserting forceps or the like from that position.
Position is calculated, and the calculation result is stored in the memory circuit 33.

When the mirror body 5 is moved in the direction of the arrow 13 by the horizontal movement mechanism to focus on the surgical site O, the surgical instrument 22 is first operated to focus the distal end of the surgical instrument 22. Position switch circuit 29 and position calculation circuit 3 from switch circuit 29.
0, and causes the first arithmetic circuit 31 and the second arithmetic circuit 32 to output arithmetic instructions. The position calculation circuit 30 that has received the calculation command calculates the tip position of the surgical instrument 22 from the angle information of the encoders 26, 27, 28, and the second calculation circuit 32 calculates the current mirror body 5.
Position information of the mirror body 5 stored in the memory circuit 33, and
The position shift amount in the observation optical axis direction is calculated from both position information, and at the same time, the moving direction and the moving amount of the mirror body 5 for correcting the position shift are determined. Further, in the first arithmetic circuit 31,
The tip position information of the surgical instrument 22 and the current focus position information of the objective lens 1 from the position sensor 16 are received, the amount of positional deviation in the observation axis direction between them is calculated, and further calculated by the second arithmetic circuit 32 from this calculated value. By subtracting the moved amount of the mirror body 5 thus determined, the lens moving direction and the moving amount of the objective lens 1 for correcting the positional deviation are determined. Then, the first drive circuit 34 and the second drive circuit 35 drive the motors 14 and 15 based on the calculation results of the first calculation circuit 31 and the second calculation circuit 32, respectively, to correct the deviation amount, and perform the first calculation. In the circuit 31 and the second arithmetic circuit 32, it is confirmed that the deviation amount is corrected by the signals from the position sensors 16 and 17, and the motors 14 and 15 are stopped.

As described above, according to the structure of the present embodiment, a simple structure in which the surgical instrument 22 for instructing the surgical site is mechanically attached to the mirror body 5 makes it possible to focus the portion to be focused in the observation visual field. Instructions can be made easily and the operability of focusing during surgery can be improved because the scope 5 can be focused on the surgical site O at a distance of L from the surgical opening surface P'at all times. Therefore, the surgical operation can be performed efficiently. Further, in the description of this embodiment, since it is necessary to constantly monitor the distance between the mirror body 5 and the surgical operation part opening surface portion P ′, the upper portion of the focusing mechanism in FIG. Although limited, the same effect can be obtained by tilting the mirror body 5 about the center Q of the objective lens.

Second Embodiment FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of the optical system of this embodiment. In the figure, the same members as those in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 51 is an objective lens, and 52, 53 and 54 are a pair of variable power lenses for stereoscopic viewing, an imaging lens and an eyepiece lens, respectively, which constitute a stereoscopic observation optical system in a mirror body 55. ing. Mirror body 5
5 is a motor 56 (not shown) for changing the lens spacing of the variable power lens 52, and the fixed portion 11 of the horizontal moving mechanism is a motor (not shown) for moving the movable portion 10 of the horizontal moving mechanism in the direction of arrow 13. 57 are respectively built in, each motor is operated by a drive circuit to be described later, and the lens interval and the movable portion 1 are moved according to the operation of the motor.
The amount of movement of 0 is detected by the position sensors 58 and 59.

Reference numeral 60 denotes an ultrasonic wave receiving portion of an ultrasonic wave position sensor 61 which will be described later, and the ultrasonic wave receiving portion 60 is fixed to the mirror body 55. Reference numeral 62 denotes a surgical instrument for instructing an operating portion, which has a sharp tip portion and has a switch 65 attached to the holding portion. The surgical tool 62 includes an ultrasonic position sensor 61.
The two ultrasonic wave transmitters 63, 64 are fixed, and the position of the distal end portion with respect to the mirror body 55 is determined by the ultrasonic wave transmitters 6 and 6.
Ultrasonic position sensor 61 composed of 3, 64 and receiver 60
Can be detected by.

FIG. 4 shows an electric circuit block of this embodiment. In FIG. 4, the switch 65 attached to the surgical instrument 24 is connected to a switch circuit 66 that outputs an operation signal to each circuit according to the switching operation of the switch 65. The switch circuit 66 includes the ultrasonic position sensor 6
1. A position calculation circuit 67 for calculating the tip position of the surgical instrument 62 in response to the signal from No. 1 and driving directions of the motor 56 for changing the lens interval and the motor 57 for horizontal movement mechanism in response to the signal from the position calculation circuit 67. And an arithmetic circuit 68 for calculating the drive amount
Is connected to and outputs an operation signal to each circuit. Also,
The arithmetic circuit 68 is connected to the memory circuit 69, a first drive circuit 70 that outputs a drive signal to the motor 56, and a second drive circuit 71 that outputs a drive signal to the motor 57. Further, the position sensors 58 and 59 for detecting the lens interval and the respective movement amounts of the horizontal movement mechanism, in other words, the drive amounts of the motors 56 and 57, are connected to the arithmetic circuit 68, respectively.

Next, the operation of this embodiment having the above structure will be described. In the figure, the light emitted from the operation site O forms an image through the objective lens 51, the variable power lens 52, and the imaging lens 53, and is observed by the operator through the eyepiece lens 54. When enlarging the observation visual field to the full extent with one point in the observation visual field as the center of the visual field, the operator operates the surgical instrument 62, and the tip thereof is two points representing the diameter d of the part 73 of the observation visual field 72 as shown in FIG. The switch 65 is turned on at each point while moving to contact with a and b.

First, the switch circuit 66 which receives the ON information of the switch 65 at the point a outputs a calculation command to the position calculation circuit 67 and the calculation circuit 68, and the position calculation circuit 67 transmits ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic position sensor 61. The tip position of the surgical instrument 62 is calculated from the position information of the parts 63 and 64. In addition, the arithmetic circuit 6
At 8, the tip position information of the surgical instrument 62 is received and stored in the memory circuit 69. Next, switch 65 is turned on at point b.
Upon receiving the information, the switch circuit 66 outputs a calculation command to the position calculation circuit 67 and the calculation circuit 68 as in the case of the point a, and the position calculation circuit 67 detects the position information of the ultrasonic wave transmitting units 63 and 64 at the point b. The tip position of the surgical instrument 62 is calculated. Further, the arithmetic circuit 68 receives the tip position information of the surgical instrument 62 at the point b, reads the tip position information of the surgical instrument 62 at the point a from the memory circuit 69, and based on these information, the current visual field center to one of the observation visual fields. The distance x to the center of the circle of the part 73 and the diameter d of the part 73 of the observation field of view are calculated,
Further, the moving direction and the moving amount of the horizontal moving mechanism for matching the respective centers, and the lens moving direction and the moving amount of the variable magnification lens 52 for setting the diameter d to the size of the observation visual field 72 are determined.

The first drive circuit 70 is provided with an arithmetic circuit 68.
The motor 56 is driven on the basis of the result of the calculation, and the magnification of the mirror body 55 is changed so that the diameter d of the part 73 of the observation field of view becomes full of the observation field of view 72, and the magnification change is completed by the signal from the position sensor 58. After confirming the above, the motor 56 is stopped. The second drive circuit 71 also drives the motor 57 based on the calculation result of the calculation circuit 68, and the observation field of view 72
The horizontal moving mechanism is driven so that the center of the circle of the part 73 of the above-mentioned part coincides with the center of the visual field of the mirror body 55, and it is confirmed by the signal from the position sensor 59 that the matching is completed, and the motor 57 is stopped.

As described above, according to the configuration of this embodiment, since the ultrasonic position sensor 61 is used, the surgical instrument 62 can be operated more freely with respect to the mirror body 55, and the operability can be improved. it can. Further, the same effect can be obtained by attaching the ultrasonic wave transmitting units 63 and 64 to the existing surgical instrument, and the function can be effectively expanded to the existing surgical microscope. In the description of the present embodiment, for the sake of simplification, the horizontal moving device of the horizontal moving mechanism is assumed to be movable in only one direction of the arrow 13 in FIG. If it is movable in the direction, it can be more practical.

Third Embodiment FIG. 6 shows a schematic configuration of the optical system of this embodiment. Figure 6
In the above, reference numeral 91 is an objective lens, and reference numerals 92, 93 and 94 are a pair of variable magnification lenses for stereoscopic viewing, an imaging lens and an eyepiece lens, respectively, which constitute a stereoscopic observation optical system. Reference numerals 95 and 98 denote a variable power lens 92 and an imaging lens 93, respectively.
Half mirror, 96,97 arranged in the optical path between
Is an imaging lens and a two-dimensional infrared position sensor that form an infrared spot detection unit together with the half mirror 95.
Is an image display unit corresponding to the two-dimensional infrared position sensor 97 and the projection lens that constitutes the infrared spot display unit together with the half mirror 98. The stereoscopic observation optical system, the infrared spot detection unit, and the infrared spot display unit are all built in a mirror body 101 attached to a mount (not shown).

Reference numeral 102 denotes a fixed portion of a blood flow measuring device 112, which will be described later, which is integrally fixed to the mirror body 101, and 103 denotes a movable portion of the blood flow measuring device 112 in which an ultrasonic wave transmitting portion 104 and a receiving portion 105 are arranged. is there. The movable part 103 is the fixed part 102.
On the other hand, it is movable in a plane perpendicular to the observation optical axis via the roller guide 106. The ultrasonic wave transmission unit 104 and the reception unit 105 are movable so that the ultrasonic wave pulse emitted from the transmission unit 104 and reflected by the operation unit O is received by the reception unit 105 when the stereoscopic observation optical system is at the focus position.
It is located inside.

Further, a motor 107 (not shown) for moving the movable portion 103 in the horizontal direction is built in the fixed portion 102, and the motor 107 is operated by a drive circuit 115 which will be described later and moves in accordance with the operation of the motor 107. The position sensor 108 detects the amount of movement of the movable portion 103. Reference numeral 109 is a surgical instrument for emitting an infrared laser beam from the distal end, and a switch 110 is arranged in its holding portion.

FIG. 7 shows an electric circuit block of this embodiment. In FIG. 7, the switch 110 is connected to a switch circuit 111 that outputs an operation signal to each circuit according to the switching operation of the switch 110. The switch circuit 111 calculates the infrared laser light irradiation position by a signal from the two-dimensional infrared position sensor 97 that receives the infrared light emitted from the surgical instrument 109 and reflected by the surgical site O to form a spot image. 113 and an arithmetic circuit 114 for calculating a driving direction and a driving amount of the motor 107 based on a signal from the position arithmetic circuit 113, and outputs an operation signal to each circuit. The arithmetic circuit 114 is connected to the drive circuit 115 that outputs a drive signal to the motor 107, and the position sensor 108 that detects the drive amount of the motor 107 is connected to the arithmetic circuit 114.

Further, the arithmetic circuit 114 is the memory circuit 11
9 and a blood flow measuring device 112, and a motor 10
The blood flow measurement device 11 receives the drive end information of 7 and determines the position information.
2 to operate the blood flow measuring device 112. The image forming circuit 116 is connected to the two-dimensional infrared position sensor 97, the blood flow measuring device 112 and the image display device 100,
Upon receiving signals from the two-dimensional infrared position sensor 97 and the blood flow measuring device 112, an image is displayed in the visual field via the image display device 100.

Next, the operation of this embodiment having the above structure will be described. In the figure, the light emitted from the surgical site O is an objective lens 91, a variable power lens 92, half mirrors 95, 9
8. An image is formed through the image forming lens 93 and observed by the operator through the eyepiece lens 94. The infrared laser light emitted from the surgical instrument 109 is reflected by the surgical site O to form a spot image, and the half mirror 9 is passed through the objective lens 91 and the variable power lens 92.
The image is reflected by the image pickup lens 5 and is imaged on the light receiving surface of the two-dimensional infrared position sensor 97 by the imaging lens 96. In addition, the image display device 10
At 0, a spot image is displayed corresponding to the position of the infrared spot image incident on the two-dimensional infrared position sensor 97 via the image forming circuit 116. This image is formed by the projection lens 99, the half mirror 98, and the image formation. An image is formed through the lens 93 and overlaps with the observation image through the eyepiece lens 94 so that the image is observed by the operator. Here, these infrared spot detection unit and display unit,
The position of the infrared spot image on the operation site O and the position of the infrared spot image on the observation image formed by the image display device 100 are set to correspond to each other.

When measuring the flow velocity and the flow rate of blood in the blood vessel within the observation visual field, the operator operates the surgical instrument 109 to make the infrared spot image perpendicular to the blood vessel 118 in the observation visual field 117 as shown in FIG. It moves to two points a and b so as to be cut off, and turns on the switch 110 at each point. First, the switch circuit 11 that has received the ON information of the switch 110 at point a
1 outputs a calculation command to the position calculation circuit 113 and the calculation circuit 114, and the position calculation circuit 113 calculates the position of the infrared spot image from the position information of the two-dimensional infrared position sensor 97. Further, the arithmetic circuit 114 receives the position information of the infrared spot image and stores it in the memory circuit 119. Next, the switch circuit 111, which has received the ON information of the switch 110 at the point b, operates in the same way as at the point a on the position calculation circuit 113.
And an arithmetic command is output to the arithmetic circuit 114, and the position arithmetic circuit 113 calculates the position of the infrared spot image at the point b. Further, the arithmetic circuit 114 receives the position information of the infrared spot image at the point b, reads the position information of the infrared spot image at the point a from the memory circuit 119, and connects the points a and b with a straight line from these information. At this time, the position of the midpoint c of the line segment and the length of the line segment, that is, the blood vessel diameter L are calculated, and the blood flow is made so that the reflection point of the ultrasonic pulse transmitted from the ultrasonic wave transmission unit 104 overlaps with the point c. Moving part 10 of measuring device 112
The moving direction and the moving amount of 3 are determined.

The drive circuit 115 is the arithmetic circuit 114.
The motor 107 is driven based on the calculation result of
03 is moved, the signal from the position sensor 108 confirms that the reflection point overlaps the point c, and the motor 107 is stopped. At the same time, the arithmetic circuit 114 sends the information of the blood vessel diameter L to the blood flow measuring device 112 and operates the blood flow measuring device 112. The blood flow measuring device 112 reflects the ultrasonic pulse transmitted from the transmitting unit 104 at the point c and receives the ultrasonic pulse at the receiving unit 105. Based on the information obtained by the receiving unit 105, the blood flow measuring device 112 uses ultrasonic Doppler blood flow measuring means to measure the inside of the blood vessel. The blood flow velocity and flow rate are measured, and the measured values are used as the image forming circuit 11.
6, It is designed to be displayed in the observation visual field through the image display device 100.

As described above, according to the configuration of this embodiment, the laser light emitted from the surgical instrument 109 is used,
It is possible to perform pointing and detection of a specific position without contact. Therefore, it is possible to effectively deal with a surgical site where it is difficult to give an instruction by contact such as blood flow measurement of a blood vessel.

Fourth Embodiment FIG. 9 is a view showing the schematic arrangement of an optical system according to this embodiment and an electric circuit block. In FIG. 9, a reference numeral 200 is spatially movably supported by a support arm and a gantry (neither is shown) via a focusing unit (not shown) so as to enable focusing operation along the observation optical axis Q. A mirror body 204 is a WD variable means attached to the mirror body 200, which is composed of at least two lenses and has a variable lens interval so as to make the focal length variable. In the mirror body 200, a pair of variable power optical systems for observing the substance are arranged on a plane parallel to the observation optical axis Q, in this case, perpendicular to the paper surface. In the figure, a member indicated by reference numeral 203 indicates a variable power optical system provided in the right observation optical path. Also, the same mirror body 20
A distance measuring optical system, which will be described later, is arranged on a plane within 0 and parallel to the observation optical axis Q, which is parallel to the paper surface in this case.
An observation lens barrel 202 having a prism and an eyepiece lens is installed on the optical path of the observation optical axis Q.

Next, the distance measuring optical system will be described.
Reference numeral 211 is a projection lens installed on the optical axis of the distance measuring optical system, 212 is an LED that is arranged at the focal position of the projection lens 211 and emits infrared light as a light source for index projection, and is in a focused state. In, the surgical site O is conjugated with the LED 212. 213 is an LED 212 via the WD variable means 204
Which transmits the infrared light reflected by the surgical site O and transmits the infrared light only, 214 is a lens for collecting the infrared light reflected by the surgical site O, and 215 is a rear side of the lens 214. It is a position detection sensor (hereinafter referred to as “PSD”) that is installed at the focal position and receives the infrared light condensed by the lens 214 to detect the position. PSD215 is
The displacement amount from the center of the center of gravity of the incident light spot is detected by two electric signals, and the image of the LED 212 is focused on the center position of the PSD 215 at the time of focusing, and the image of the LED 212 at the time of non-focusing. The image is PSD21
The image is formed on either one of the left and right positions of 5. That is, the center of the LED 212 and the center of the PSD 215 are arranged so as to be optically coincident with each other.

The mirror body 200 is further provided with a distance measuring means 220 for measuring the distance between the operation part opening P'and the mirror body 200.
Is provided. The distance measuring means 220 includes a projection lens 2
22, an LED 221 arranged at the focal position of the projection lens 222, which emits infrared light as a light source for index projection,
It is composed of a filter 223 that receives the infrared light emitted from the LED 221 and reflected by the opening P'of the surgical site and transmits only the infrared light, a condenser lens 224, and a position detection sensor 225. Further, although not shown, it is assumed that a lighting means for observation is provided.

Further, 205 is an operation switch which is provided with an initial setting switch and a focus switch (not shown) and outputs an operation signal by the switching operation of these switches, and 210 is an LED 212 which receives a focus operation signal from the operation switch 205. The distance measuring circuit 216 is composed of a light emitting circuit for emitting light and a distance measuring arithmetic circuit (neither is shown) for detecting the focus state from the output signal of the PSD 215 in synchronization with this light emission. WD conversion for calculating the drive amount of the WD variable means 204 based on the output signal of the arithmetic circuit and the focus operation amount from the focus drive circuit 228 and outputting the operation signal to the drive circuit (not shown) of the WD variable means 204. It is an operation circuit.

Reference numeral 229 denotes a light emitting circuit for causing the LED 221 to emit light in response to a distance measurement signal from an arithmetic circuit 227, which will be described later, and a distance measurement arithmetic circuit (not shown) for performing distance measurement in synchronization with this light emission by the output signal of PSD 225 The constructed distance measuring circuit 227 receives the initial setting operation signal and the focus operation signal from the operation switch 205, and transmits and receives data to and from the distance measuring circuit 229 and the memory 226 in accordance with these operation signals and the distance measuring circuit. The arithmetic circuit 228 is composed of a focusing arithmetic circuit for calculating the manipulated variable of the focusing unit (not shown) according to the output of the circuit 229, and the arithmetic circuit 22 is the arithmetic circuit 22.
7 is a focusing drive circuit for driving the focusing unit in accordance with the output signal of the focusing calculation circuit 7;

Next, the operation of this embodiment having the above structure will be described. In the figure, first, when the operator observes the surgical site O in the body cavity, the position of the mirror body 200 is operated to move the distance L between the lowermost end of the mirror body 200 and the surface part around the body cavity.
It is assumed that 1 is determined and the initial setting switch of the operation switch 205 is pressed. At this time, in the arithmetic circuit 227, the initial setting signal is input to the internal control circuit, and accordingly, the distance measuring signal is output to the distance measuring circuit 229. When the distance measurement signal is input, the distance measurement circuit 229 causes the light emitting circuit to emit an LED.
The distance measurement data, that is, the distance L1 obtained by the PSD 225 and the distance measurement calculation circuit by inputting 221 is input, and this is stored in the memory 226.

After that, when the operator operates the mirror body 200 to change the observation site and the observation direction and presses the focus switch of the operation switch 205 for focus adjustment, the arithmetic circuit 22
7, a focus operation signal is sent, a distance measurement signal is output from the control circuit inside the arithmetic circuit 227 to the distance measurement circuit 229, and the LED 221 is caused to emit light to obtain distance measurement data. Further, this distance measurement data and the initial distance measurement data L1 stored in the memory 226 are compared by a focusing operation circuit, and the focusing operation amount of the focusing unit is calculated so as to eliminate the difference, and the focusing drive is performed. Output to the circuit 228. The focusing drive circuit 228 drives the focusing unit based on the focusing operation amount.

On the other hand, in the distance measuring circuit 210, the LED 212 is caused to emit light by the focusing operation signal, the focus shift amount is calculated from the output signal of the PSD 215, and it is output to the WD variable operation circuit 216. When the amount of focus deviation is input, WD
The variable operation circuit 216 calculates the WD variable operation amount necessary for focusing based on the focus shift amount and the focus operation amount from the focus drive circuit 228, and drives the WD variable means via a drive circuit (not shown). In this way, it is possible to maintain the distance L1, that is, the distance between the lowermost end portion of the mirror body 200 and the surface portion around the body cavity while adjusting the focus during the intraoperative focus operation.

As described above, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, when the operator performs a focusing operation again during the operation in accordance with the change of the observation direction or the observation site, the operator sets the lowermost end of the body and the body cavity which are set in advance. The distance (L1) from the surface portion in the vicinity can be reliably maintained. Therefore, the position of the mirror body is kept constant even during the operation when the operation site O advances into the body cavity, and the operator who observes from the observation lens barrel can continue the operation without changing the posture. In addition, by maintaining such a distance (L1), a space below the mirror body can be secured, insertion and removal operability into and from a body cavity of an instrument used for surgery is improved, and damage to the sterilization drape by the instrument is achieved. Can also be prevented.

When the configuration of this embodiment and the construction of the first embodiment are combined, the lowest end of the mirror body is used when focusing is performed on an arbitrary portion of the observation site using the multi-joint arm of the first embodiment. Since the focusing part is driven so that the distance between the part and the surface part near the body cavity is kept at a preset value, it becomes possible to focus and maintain the distance at the observation site only by the operation by the multi-joint arm, The operability can be further improved.

[0042]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily recognize the pointed position on the mirror body by pointing the observation site during the operation. Therefore, it is effective for improving the efficiency of surgical operation.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an optical system of the first embodiment for surgery microscope.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an electric circuit block of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an optical system of a second embodiment of the surgical microscope of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an electric circuit block of a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of magnifying and scaling a part of the observation visual field in the second embodiment.

6 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an optical system of the third embodiment for surgery microscope.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an electric circuit block of a third embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a method of measuring a blood vessel diameter in an observation visual field in the third embodiment.

9 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration and an electric circuit block of the optical system of the fourth embodiment for surgery microscope.

[Explanation of symbols]

5,55,101,200 ・ ・ ・ Mirror body 22, 62, 109 ... surgical tools 61 ... Ultrasonic position sensor 112 ... Blood flow measuring device 204 ... WD variable means

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02B 21/00

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A surgical microscope having an observation means for observing an optical image of a subject, the first observation of the subject being observed by the observation means.
The first point and the second point are controlled by controlling the observation means by controlling the observation means and the pointing means having the pointing part capable of pointing the first point and the second point from the area.
A second view that requires an observation narrower than the first observation area.
Enlarge the observation area to the same area as the first observation area
An operating microscope for enlarging an observation area . 2. An observer for observing an optical image of a subject.
First observation of the subject observed by the observation means in a surgical microscope having steps
It has an indicator that can indicate the first and second points from the area.
And an observation center of the first observation region by controlling the observation means.
In the first observation region including the first point and the second point
Observation center of the second observation region for narrower observation
And move the observation center of the second observation region to the enlargement center.
Then, an enlarged image of the second observation region is enlarged to the observation hand.
A surgical microscope , comprising: an observation region enlarging unit that is generated at a step observation position . 3. At least for obtaining an optical image of a subject.
Change the observation magnification of the objective lens and the optical image of the subject
Microscope with observation means including variable power optical system for
In the mirror, when the first moving means for moving the observing means and the variable power optical system provided in the observing means are held.
Together, the relative distance between the objective lens and the variable power optical system.
A second movable optical system that can move the variable power optical system to change the separation.
A moving means and a first observation of the subject observed by the observing means
It has an indicator that can indicate the first and second points from the area.
And an instruction means for instructing the first point and the second point.
Detection means capable of detecting a relative position with respect to the observation means
And the first observation region including the first point and the second point.
The second observation area for which a narrower observation is desired is used as the observation means.
Based on the detection result of the detection means for more magnified observation
The movement of the first moving means and the second moving means.
Calculating means for calculating an amount, and the first moving means and the first moving means based on the calculation result.
Drive means for driving the second moving means,
Characteristic surgical microscope.