JP3411154B2 - Spacer particle dispersion and method for providing spacer particles between surfaces using the same - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for providing spacer particles, for example, between the surfaces of electrode substrates in a liquid crystal display device using a spacer particle dispersion liquid .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Spacer particles are provided between the surfaces of a pair of substrates of an electronic visual display device when the distance between the surfaces is kept uniform. For example, a liquid crystal display device has a structure in which a liquid crystal and spacer particles are sandwiched between two sheets of an electrode layer and an electrode substrate further provided with an alignment film on the electrode layer. It is used for adjusting the gap for enabling the alignment of liquid crystals between the electrode substrates. In such a case, as a method for providing spacer particles between the surfaces, the current mainstream is the spacer spraying method. For this, a diluted spacer particle dispersion in which a small amount of spacer particles are mixed in a solvent such as pure water or alcohol is used, and a wet method in which this is sprayed onto the substrate, and spacer particles are used without using a wet medium at all. There is a dry method of spraying. In addition, JP-A-5-
Japanese Patent No. 303102 discloses a method in which spacer particles are mixed with an ultraviolet curable or thermosetting resin as a medium and the spacer particles are arranged and fixed at arbitrary positions on the surface using a screen printing method.

[0003]

The points in providing spacer particles between the surfaces are as follows: (1) The amount of spacer particles used should be as small as possible, and one particle should be used as much as possible.
One of them is in a disjointed state (no aggregate of spacer particles should be present), and (2) the spacer particles are uniformly dispersed over the entire surface. It is difficult for the conventional spacer particle spraying method to uniformly spread over the entire surface, and in particular, in the case of spacer particles made of plastic, the particles are easily charged with static electricity to easily form a dumpling state. If spacer particles are provided in a state of dumpling between the surfaces, the distance between the facing surfaces cannot be set uniformly, in the case of a liquid crystal display device, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is disturbed, and further, in the electronic visual display device, The spacer-like particles cause a problem that the screen in that part becomes white and the display quality is deteriorated. Further, in the case of a touch panel type display device, if the intervals between the electrode substrates become uneven as described above, external pressure from the input pen or the like is not evenly transmitted during display, and stable signal input / output cannot be obtained.

On the other hand, in the method of providing the spacer particles between the surfaces by using the screen printing method, it becomes possible to evenly disperse the spacer particles, and the uniformity of the spacing between the surfaces can be kept good. It is useful. However, such a method has a problem in that, in screen printing, the spacer particles are printed while being covered with the resin component serving as a medium with a considerable spread, and the resin component remains on the surface as it is. Such spread of the resin component deteriorates the display quality in the case of an electronic visual display device, and in the case of a liquid crystal display device, causes a defective formation of an alignment film, an alignment defect of the alignment film, and an alignment disorder. Further, the amount of resin covering the spacer particles may become nonuniform, and in that case, the uniformity between the surfaces becomes unsatisfactory.

From the above, the present inventors have found that when the spacer particles are provided between the two surfaces facing each other,
As a method for providing the spacer particles with good dispersibility without being excessively covered with the resin component, a spacer particle dispersion liquid in which the spacer particles are dispersed in an organic solvent is screen-printed on at least one surface. Then, a method has already been proposed in which the organic solvent is evaporated and then the surfaces of the two are opposed to each other (see Japanese Patent Application No. 7-262646). It is an object of the present invention to further improve the method for providing spacer particles between the surfaces and to propose a method capable of providing the spacer particles uniformly between the surfaces with better dispersibility.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of continuing intensive studies in view of the above problems, the present inventors have used a spacer particle dispersion liquid in which spacer particles are dispersed in an organic solvent having a specific surface tension. As a result, they have found that the above problems can be solved, and completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is directed to at least one of the two surfaces that are provided to face each other.
Spacer with spacer particles dispersed in organic solvent
Screen-print the particle dispersion to evaporate the organic solvent.
And then arranging the two surfaces to face each other,
The spacer particles dispersion a) surface tension measured at 25 ° C. comprising an organic solvent 90 to 30 wt% and b) 10 to 70 wt% spacer particles 0.01~0.02N / m, and wherein the How to provide spacer particles between the surfaces
Is the law .

[0007]

In the present invention, the spacer particles can be used without particular limitation as long as they are rigid particles. Preferable examples include crosslinked copolymer particles containing divinylbenzene as a main component, benzoguanamine / melamine / formaldehyde condensate particles, silica particles, glass particles and the like. These spacer particles are not necessarily spherical and may be rod-shaped bodies such as glass fiber spacers, but preferably spherical particles having a sphericity represented by the ratio of major axis to minor axis of 0.9 or more. It is preferably a particle. Also, it is preferable to use a particle size of 1 to 15 microns and a variation rate of 5% or less. However, the variation rate is considered in consideration of the finishing accuracy of the hole diameter of the printing plate and the clogging of spacer particles in the holes. Is preferably smaller.

The spacer particles are described in JP-A-5-25.
No. 300, JP-A-6-172649, JP-A-6-172660, JP-A-6-289402, etc., a thermoplastic resin on the surface, preferably a heat having a melting point of 250 ° C. or lower. With a plastic resin attached,
Alternatively, a coated product is preferable. In such a spacer particle, after being provided on the surface surface, it is possible to melt the thermoplastic resin by heating at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin to firmly bond the spacer particle to the surface surface. Become.

On the other hand, in the present invention, the organic solvent in which the spacer particles are dispersed needs to have a surface tension measured at 25 ° C. of 0.01 to 0.02 N / m. In the present invention, a known organic solvent having such surface tension and hardly soluble in the spacer particles is used without particular limitation. In that case, the spacer particles are likely to be uniformly dispersed in the organic solvent, and in the present invention, by using such a spacer particle dispersion liquid, screen printing can be performed between the surfaces with better dispersibility.

In the present invention, as the organic solvent having the above surface tension, a fluoro compound type organic solvent such as hydrofluorocarbon, 2,3-dihydrodecafluoropentane or the like; dichloropentafluoropropane (HCFC-
225), dichlorofluoroethane (HCFC-141
b) and other chlorofluorocarbons; perfluoropentane, perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane,
Perfluorooctane, perfluorononane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene, perfluorodecalin, perfluorotriethylamine, perfluorotripropylamine,
Perfluorotributylamine, perfluorotripentylamine, perfluorotrihexylamine, perfluoro-N-methylmorpholine, perfluoro-N-ethylmorpholine, perfluoro-N-propylmorpholine, perfluoro-N-butylmorpholine, perfluoro-N, N-dimethylcyclohexyl Examples include perfluoro compound-based organic solvents such as amine, perfluoro-2-propyltetrahydrofuran, perfluoro-2-butyltetrahydropyran, and perfluorobutyl ether. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In the present invention, the organic solvent having a surface tension of 0.015 to 0.020 N / m is used in consideration of the better dispersibility and the solvent evaporation property after printing. It is suitable.

In addition, from the evaporation rate of the solvent after printing the spacer particle dispersion, the vapor pressure is 1.33 to 15000 Pa.
(Measured value at 25 ° C.), preferably 5 to 100 Pa. In addition, the viscosity is 0.1-10,000 mPa · s due to the small amount of backing from the holes of the screen printing plate.
(Measured value at 25 ° C.), preferably 3 to 500 mPa · s
Are preferred. Furthermore, the boiling point is 5 because of the ease of recovery.
It is preferably 0 ° C. or higher, more preferably 110 ° C. or higher, and nonflammable one from the viewpoint of easy handling. From the above viewpoint,
In the present invention, as the organic solvent, perfluorononane, perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene, perfluorodecalin, perfluorotripropylamine, perfluorotributylamine, perfluorotripentylamine, perfluorotrihexylamine, perfluoro-
Most preferably, a perfluoro compound-based organic solvent such as N-butylmorpholine or perfluoro-N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine is used.

In the present invention, the concentration of the spacer particles dispersed in the organic solvent is 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 15 to 50% by weight. Here, when the dispersion concentration is less than 10% by weight, the particle density in the organic solvent becomes low, and it becomes impossible to perform screen printing with a sufficient number of spacer particles scattered on the surface and a sufficient printing rate. On the other hand, when the dispersion concentration is more than 70% by weight, the viscosity is excessively increased and it becomes unsuitable for screen printing.

Dispersion of spacer particles in an organic solvent is
Disperse the spacers one by one so that the spacers do not solidify and form an aggregated state.
As a method of dispersing, ultrasonic waves, a homogenizer, a mixer, a shaker, and the like are used to make them uniform.

Next, in the present invention, the above-mentioned spacer particle dispersion liquid is usually used when spacer particles are provided between two surfaces facing each other. That is, the spacer particle dispersion liquid is screen-printed on the surface of at least one of the two surfaces facing each other to evaporate the organic solvent, and then the two surfaces are made to face each other, whereby the space between the surfaces can be satisfactorily improved. Spacer particles can be provided. In that case, the space between the two surfaces on which the spacer particles are provided may be any space between the two surfaces provided facing each other. Usually, it is preferably applied between a pair of transparent electrode substrates in various electronic visual display devices such as liquid crystal display devices and electrochromic display devices. In particular, it is preferably applied between the electrode substrates in the liquid crystal display device.

As a structure of the electrode substrate for such a liquid crystal display device, a known structure is adopted without particular limitation. Generally, a transparent electrode substrate 1 such as the cross-sectional view shown in FIG.
A structure in which the electrode layers 2a and 2b are formed on the surfaces of a and 1b and the alignment films 3a and 3b are further formed on the surfaces of the electrode layers is adopted.

As the electrode substrate, a known transparent insulating substrate such as a glass substrate, a plastic substrate, a silicon substrate or a plastic film is advantageously used. The electrode layer is also not particularly limited. In a common example, for a pair of electrode substrates, a signal line wiring pattern is formed as an electrode layer of one substrate, and a scanning line wiring pattern is formed as an electrode layer of the other substrate. As a material for the electrode layer, any known material can be used without limitation as long as it is transparent and has conductivity. For example, ITO (Indium
Tin Oxide), SnO ₂ , In ₂ O _{3 and the} like. Further, as the alignment layer formed on the surface of the electrode layer, known alignment layers can be used without any limitation. For example, a thin film made of a heat resistant resin such as a polyimide resin and having its surface oriented by a rubbing cloth is used.

The spacer particles may be provided on one surface or on both surfaces between the surfaces provided facing each other. In the case of a liquid crystal display device, it is general that spacer particles are provided on one surface and then the surfaces are opposed to each other. In that case, the spacer particles are generally provided on the alignment film surface of the electrode substrate, but when the spacer particles are first provided on the electrode layer of the electrode substrate and then the alignment film is formed so as to cover the spacer particles. Alternatively, it may be provided on the electrode layer of the electrode substrate. Further, the spacer particles are provided on a portion of the electrode substrate that is patterned with a light opaque material, that is, on the so-called black matrix, and are not provided in the area of the display pixel, because the spacer particles do not hinder the image display and display quality. It is suitable for improving.

In the present invention, as a method for screen-printing the spacer particle dispersion liquid on the surface, a known screen-printing method in which the printing liquid is extruded from the holes of the screen-printing plate having a printing pattern is used without limitation. Specifically, the surface of the target surface is superposed so that the holes of the screen printing plate are located at intended positions on the surface, and the spacer particle dispersion liquid is applied onto the screen printing plate (FIG. 2). . Next, it is preferable that the screen printing plate is rubbed with a squeegee to press the spacer particles of the spacer particle dispersion into the respective holes (FIG. 3), and then the screen printing plate is removed.

Here, the screen printing plate may be either an elastic or non-elastic mesh or a flat plate. For example, the elastic body includes a mesh made of nylon wire, tetron wire, stainless steel wire or a plate coated with a photosensitive emulsion, and the non-elastic body includes nickel, cobalt,
Examples include chromium, molybdenum, titanium, gold, platinum and stainless steel.

As for the shape of the holes, those used in known screen printing plates can be applied without any limitation. In particular, straight, tapered through holes made by etching, laser light transmission, electroforming and electroless plating, etc., as long as the solvent does not reach the back with no printing pressure,
Spacer particles are preferable because they can be easily arranged in the through holes.

In particular, as a screen printing plate, a large number of through holes are formed in a non-elastic plate as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 7-63001, and the through holes are formed from one opening to the other. A large number of through holes are formed in a screen printing plate characterized by a taper shape in which the hole diameter increases toward the opening of the plate, and a non-elastic plate as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 7-63002. It is preferable to use a screen printing plate having a concave portion lower than the non-elastic plate surface around one opening of the through hole. Also,
Squeegee pressure in screen printing is 10 ~ 500mP
a, squeegee hardness is 55 to 85 °, squeegee angle is 30
It is preferable to set the angle to 90 ° and the sliding speed to 1 to 500 mm / sec.

Next, in the present invention, the organic solvent is evaporated after screen printing. The method is not particularly limited, but specifically, a drying furnace (clean)
It is preferable to use any of the oven hot plate far-infrared radiation type vacuum drying method. It is necessary to appropriately determine the temperature and time of the evaporation conditions depending on the type of organic solvent to be used and the spacer particles and the surface condition.

In any case, care must be taken to prevent dust from adhering to the surface due to dust generated from the device and the inside of the device. As the spacer particles, those having a thermoplastic resin on the surface thereof, or
In the case of using the coated particles, it is preferable to melt the resin on the surface of the spacer particles and fix the spacer particles to the surface of the substrate after or while the organic solvent is being evaporated. In this way, spacer particles are provided on at least one surface between the surfaces provided facing each other, and then the surfaces are made to face each other, whereby the spacer particles can be favorably provided between the surfaces. Become.

[0026]

As can be understood from the above description, the spacer particle dispersion liquid of the present invention has extremely good dispersibility of the spacer particles in the organic solvent. Therefore, when the spacer particle dispersion liquid is screen-printed, the spacer particles can be uniformly arranged at an arbitrary position between the surfaces provided facing each other with extremely high dispersibility. As a result, the distance between the surfaces provided opposite to each other becomes uniform, and the display quality of the electronic visual display device becomes good. For example, in the case of a liquid crystal display device, display quality is improved without disturbing the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules injected between the electrode substrates, and a clear image can be obtained.

Further, in the case of a liquid crystal display device, alignment failure and alignment disorder of the alignment film on the electrode substrate are suppressed, and further, after the spacer particles are provided on the electrode substrate, the alignment film is formed thereon. In addition, defective formation of the alignment film can be prevented. Further, in the case of a touch panel type display device, it is possible to make a pressure equalizing contact of the input external pressure with an input pen or the like, and a stable input / output signal can be obtained.

[0028]

EXAMPLES Examples and comparative examples are shown below for illustrating the present invention in detail, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In addition, various test results in Examples and Comparative Examples are values measured according to the following criteria.

Spacer Particle Printing Rate on the Substrate After the spacer particle dispersion liquid was screen printed using a predetermined screen printing plate, the glass substrate on which the solvent had been evaporated was observed with a microscope. For the measurement, 25 spots are irregularly marked on the glass substrate, 100 print points are arbitrarily selected from the tens of thousands of print spots, and the average value of the ratio of one spacer particle printed at the print points is determined. The spacer particle printing rate was used.

Flammability of Spacer Particle Dispersion The presence or absence of flammability was confirmed with a tag open type flash point measuring device. A polarizing plate was attached to the color unevenness liquid crystal cell, a voltage was applied, and the color unevenness of the cell was visually observed. The evaluation was performed based on the following criteria. A: The display state is uniform and no color unevenness is observed. B: A portion with slight color unevenness is recognized. C: A portion having considerably dark color unevenness is recognized.

Example 1 A thin film of silicon dioxide (thickness 1000 ± 2) was formed on a glass substrate.
00 angstrom), and a transparent electrode (thickness 300 ± 1
50 Å). Further, a polyimide resin was applied thereon, baked and cured to form an alignment film, and the alignment film was rubbed to prepare an electrode substrate. On the other hand, perfluorotripentylamine (surface tension 0.018 N / m, boiling point 217 ° C., viscosity 26 mPa.
s, vapor pressure 13.3 Pa), and spherical plastics with a diameter of 9 μm as spacer particles (trade name: Eposter GP
-H90, manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. was added so as to be 25% by weight, and a spacer particle dispersion liquid was prepared by ultrasonically mixing and dispersing as a spacer-containing solvent uniformly. The presence or absence of flammability of this spacer particle dispersion was measured. The obtained spacer particle dispersion liquid was screen-printed on the electrode substrate. As the screen printing plate, the one shown in the sectional view of FIG. 2 was used. This screen printing plate is made of nickel,
The through holes having a thickness of 330 mm × 230 mm × 20 μm, the diameter of the opening 8 of the upper surface is 50 μm, and the diameter of the opening 9 of the lower surface is 15 μm are formed at equal intervals with a density of 150 / mm 2. Further, a recess 10 having a diameter of 40 μm and a depth of 2 μm is provided around the opening on the lower surface.

Squeegee pressure in screen printing is 1.
The squeegee hardness was 0 ° / 250 mm, the squeegee angle was 70 °, and the sliding speed was 100 mm / sec. After that, the screen printing plate is removed, the electrode substrate on which the spacer particle dispersion is screen printed is placed on a hot plate, the solvent is completely evaporated, and the electrode substrate placed on the alignment film on which the spacer particles are rubbed is removed. Obtained.
The printing rate of spacer particles on this electrode substrate was measured. The counter substrate was bonded to the electrode substrate obtained above by a usual method using a sealant. A liquid crystal was put in the obtained empty cell to prepare a liquid crystal cell according to a conventional method. Color unevenness was measured for this liquid crystal cell. The above results are shown in Table 1.

Example 2 A liquid crystal cell was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the spacer particle concentration of the spacer particle dispersion was changed to 15% by weight. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 3 A liquid crystal cell was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the spacer particle concentration of the spacer particle dispersion was changed to 50% by weight. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 4 In Example 1, the organic solvent of the spacer particle dispersion was changed to perfluorotrihexylamine (surface tension 0.018).
N / m, boiling point 253 ° C., viscosity 138 mPa · s, vapor pressure 2.7 Pa) except that the procedure of Example 1 was repeated to obtain a liquid crystal cell. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 5 In Example 1, the organic solvent of the spacer particle dispersion liquid was changed to perfluorotributylamine (surface tension: 0.016N).
/ M, boiling point 178 ° C, viscosity 5.3 mPa · s, vapor pressure 5
A liquid crystal cell was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pressure was changed to 3.2 Pa). The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 6 In Example 1, the organic solvent of the spacer particle dispersion was perfluoroheptane (surface tension 0.013 N / m, boiling point 80 ° C., viscosity 1.0 mPa · s, vapor pressure 10000 P).
A liquid crystal cell was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a) was changed. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 7 Using perfluorotripentylamine as an organic solvent,
As spacer particles, spherical silica having a diameter of 5 μm (trade name: Spacer Silica LS-50WH, manufactured by Tokuyama Corp.) was blended so as to be 35% by weight, and was uniformly mixed and dispersed as a spacer-containing solvent by ultrasonic waves. A dispersion was obtained. The screen printing plate is made of nickel, has a diameter of 330 mm × 230 mm × 20 μm (thickness), a diameter of the opening 8 of the upper surface is 40 μm, and a diameter of the opening 9 of the lower surface is 8 μm. The holes were provided at a density of 25 / mm 2 at intervals, and further, the recesses 10 having a diameter of 60 μm and a depth of 2 μm were used around the openings on the lower surface. This screen printing plate was used to screen print on the same electrode substrate as in Example 1, and then the solvent was completely evaporated to obtain an electrode substrate in which spacer particles were provided on the alignment film. The counter substrate was bonded to this electrode substrate by a usual method using a sealant. A liquid crystal was put in the obtained empty cell to prepare a liquid crystal cell according to a conventional method.
The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 8 Perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene (surface tension: 0.019 N / m, boiling point: 215 ° C., viscosity: 16) was used as an organic solvent.
mPa · s, vapor pressure 13.2 Pa), 35% by weight of spherical silica having a diameter of 5 μm as spacer particles and having polymethylmethacrylate on the surface (trade name: Spacer Silica LS-50MP, manufactured by Tokuyama Corp.) To obtain a spacer particle dispersion, which was uniformly mixed and dispersed as a spacer-containing solvent with a homogenizer. After screen-printing this on an electrode substrate in the same manner as in Example 1, the thermoplastic resin on the surface of silica was melted while the solvent was being evaporated in a clean oven, and the spacer particles were rubbed onto the rubbed alignment film. A fused electrode substrate was obtained. After spraying the surface of the electrode substrate on which the spacer particles were mounted with a high-pressure clean nitrogen gas, when observed with an optical microscope, all the spacer particles remained at arbitrary positions. The counter substrate was adhered to the electrode substrate obtained in the same manner as above by a usual method using a sealant. A liquid crystal was put in the obtained empty cell to prepare a liquid crystal cell according to a conventional method.
The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1 Spacer particles in Example 1 were placed on an electrode substrate, and spacer particles dispersed in a 50% alcohol aqueous solution so that the spacer particles had a concentration of 1% were sprayed with an inert gas. A liquid crystal cell was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the spraying was carried out as a mist.
The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2 In Example 1, the organic solvent of the spacer particle dispersion was 1,2-propanediol (surface tension 0.072 N / m,
Boiling point 187 ° C, viscosity 48 mPa · s, vapor pressure 12 Pa)
A liquid crystal cell was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3 In Example 1, the organic solvent of the spacer particle dispersion was 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (surface tension 0.0).
27 N / m, boiling point 197 ° C., viscosity 35 mPa · s, vapor pressure 2.7 Pa) except that the procedure of Example 1 was repeated to obtain a liquid crystal cell. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0043]

[Table 1]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a general liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which a spacer particle dispersion liquid is applied onto a screen printing plate in screen printing.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which the spacer particle dispersion liquid is pressed into the holes by rubbing the top of the screen printing plate with a squeegee in screen printing.

[Explanation of symbols]

1a, 1b electrode substrate 2a, 2b electrode layer 3a, 3b Alignment film 4 Spacer particles 5 liquid crystal 6 screen printing plate 7 Organic solvent 8 Top opening 9 Lower surface opening 10 recess 11 squeegee

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Osamu Miyamura 1-1, Mikage-cho, Tokuyama City, Yamaguchi Prefecture Tokuyama Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshiro Yukinari 6663-2 Funatsu, Kawaguchiko-cho, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi Kawaguchiko Precision Co., Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-7-181501 (JP, A) JP-A-2-91617 (JP, A) JP-A-48-37096 (JP, A) JP-A-60-154231 (JP, A) JP-A-9-283303 (JP, A) JP-A-7-20080 (JP, A) JP-A-5-178997 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02F 1/1339 500 G02F 1/13 101 G09F 9/00-9/46

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. At least one of two surfaces provided facing each other.
Spacer particles are dispersed in the organic solvent on the other side of the surface.
Screen printing of spacer particle dispersion liquid and organic solvent
And then place the two sides facing each other.
Therefore, the above-mentioned spacer particle dispersion is a) an organic solvent 90 having a surface tension of 0.01 to 0.02 N / m measured at 25 ° C.
˜30% by weight and b) 10 to 70% by weight of spacer particles.
How to provide. Wherein between two surfaces to provide a spacer particles The method of claim 1, wherein the between two surfaces of the electrode substrates in the liquid crystal display device.