JP3393166B2 - Geographic information system - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a geographic information system capable of quickly analyzing data without creating duplicate data and creating a map according to the purpose of use.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a geographical information system has been developed which uses an information processing apparatus (hereinafter referred to as "computer") to create a map or the like. This Geographic Information System
GIS (Geographic Information)
n System, and map creation (Automa
Ted Mapping), disaster prevention planning, facility management, transportation / delivery planning, marketing analysis, or the creation of city planning maps, land use basic planning maps, etc. as part of the administrative support system. In addition, these maps are not limited to showing the actual boundaries of the area (the boundaries of the municipalities), the boundaries of the lot numbers, roads, rivers, houses, etc.

That is, in the above-mentioned map, a region is specified on a base map (for example, a map issued by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan) and is divided into a city plan map and a land use basic plan map, etc. Agricultural land that meets certain conditions is represented as a production green space, and in the restricted areas of residential land, it is represented by color coding such as specific areas of building type (building height restricted area, etc.) and factory non-buildable areas. .

As described above, in order to specify the area according to the purpose or use, the area is surrounded by a straight line or a curved line, and the area is colored or a pattern such as a hatch is applied.

In the development of graphic processing in recent information processing systems (especially, graphic processing displayed on a display device), the concept of polygon is used.

A polygon is a graphic model described by approximating a closed region on the ground surface, which is considered to have the same attribute, to a polygon. Although the boundary line that defines the boundary of the polygon is a curve, by approximating it as a set of line segments, there is an advantage that the processing speed becomes high because complicated calculation is not required in drawing and area calculation. The boundary line that composes this polygon is the arc (Ar
Call c). Generally, the polygon itself does not have coordinates, and it is the arcs that do. Therefore, the polygon must refer to the arc to determine its shape.
This arc reference is a basic technique in GIS, and is an essential technique for sharing a boundary line between polygons adjacent to each other.

The geographical information system is created by specifying the area using such polygons.

The concept of the data structure of the conventional geographical information system is shown in FIG. The composite polygon 20 is composed of a polygon p1 and a polygon p2, and the arcs a1 and a2 are
The arcs a3 and a4 are exclusive data as the specified values when the polygon p1 is generated, and the arcs a3 and a4 are the exclusive data as the specified values when the polygon p2 is generated. The arcs a1 and a3, and the arcs a2 and a4 are data of the same boundary line for specifying the area.

The polygon construction method as described above is shown in FIG.
0 is shown. To simplify the explanation, the arc of the polygon will be described as a straight line.

First, when the area X is defined as a polygon X, by inputting coordinates using a mouse or the like connected to a computer, arcs x1, x2, x3, x4,
Enter x5 and x6 as default values. The arcs x1 to x6 are stored in the memory as the prescribed values of the area X.

Next, when the area Y is defined as the polygon Y, the arcs y1, y2, y3,
y4 and y5 are input as prescribed values and stored in the memory as prescribed values for the region Y.

Then, the polygon generation program is activated to generate a polygon 1 in the area X and a polygon 2 in the area Y based on the data stored in the memory. By combining this polygon 1 and polygon 2, a composite polygon 2
1 is created.

For example, the specific area X is a neighboring commercial area. In a normal map, no other polygon is generated inside the neighboring commercial area. However, in city planning maps, fire protection areas are often defined within neighboring commercial areas.
At this time, a part of the boundary line of the fire prevention area often completely coincides with a part of the boundary line of the neighboring commercial area. The arcs a1 and a3 and the arcs a2 and a4 illustrated in the previous section are examples of the boundary lines that are completely coincident with each other. However, these arcs that originally match will be double defined by the data creating means described in the previous section.

FIG. 11 shows another data structure of the conventional geographical information system. This is a composite polygon 2
2 includes a polygon p1, a polygon p2, and a polygon p3. Then, these polygons p1, p2,
By synthesizing p3 side by side, a synthetic polygon 22 that is identical in appearance to the synthetic polygon 20 is created.

In this way, by creating a plurality of types of polygons at a plurality of locations on a map of a certain area, a map classified by purpose and use is created.

[0016]

However, in the data structure of the composite polygon 20 as described above, since the polygon coverage also separates the arcs, the polygon p1
The overlapping boundary lines of the polygon p2 (the arcs a1 and a3 and the arcs a2 and a4 shown in FIG. 9) have to be registered in duplicate.

Such data registration unnecessarily increases the amount of data and consumes a large amount of memory capacity of the computer, so that it takes time to read the stored data. It was In addition, extra time was required for data input.

Further, in the case of creating arc data as the same boundary line used in a plurality of polygons as described above, for example, the arcs a1 and a3 shown in FIG. 9 are not a single line segment but several types of arcs. A curve is represented by combining line segments.

When approximating this curve with several kinds of line segments,
For example, if the arc data is created twice, it is very difficult to mark the same location both times and use the same line segment as the arc data. The arc data you have will be registered. The result of polygon overlaying based on these two types of data is shown in FIG. This Figure 1
The black-filled surface shown in 2 is generated as a result of the two data being slightly deviated, and the sliver polygon (S
Liver Polygon). Due to the occurrence of this sliver polygon, the boundary line becomes multiple, the thickness of the boundary line changes due to overlapping, or when color coding is performed, it is not intended as a part of the composite polygon. Sometimes the color of was colored.

Further, since there are a plurality of boundary lines in this way, it is not possible to distinguish which boundary line is the actual boundary line, and the data for segmenting a specific area becomes very complicated.

Next, the composite polygon 22 shown in FIG.
Can be seen as one polygon at first glance, but since the polygon is actually divided, an unnecessary boundary line may be displayed. In order to solve this, when the polygons on both sides have the same code (that is, the attribute as the production green space is stored as data, and this is judged), this boundary line is deleted as an unnecessary boundary line. However, if the boundary line is a boundary line of a municipality, etc., even if it is one production green space, unconditionally deleting the boundary line is far from the purpose of the map. It will be. Similarly, for example,
In the case of a land readjustment area, the land readjustment area has a name. In this case, even if adjacent areas have the same purpose and use, a boundary line is required for each name.

Further, when it is attempted to display a mark indicating the specific area on this polygon, the mark is assigned to each polygon, so that even if one polygon is simulated as shown in FIG. The problem that the mark appears appears. If you use the polygon integration method that does not use duplicated data like this, even if you take one boundary line, complicated condition setting is required, and all these conditions must be registered when registering data. Therefore, the time and expense required for registering a huge amount of data was increased.

Further, when a target map is created on the basis of such complicated conditions, the processing (execution program etc.) inside the computer becomes complicated and the map editing processing takes a very long time. It was happening.

The invention of the present application has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional circumstances, and it cancels the overlapping registration of arc data of polygons caused by overlapping a plurality of polygons in the same area depending on the use and purpose, and uses the map to be created Since it is possible to judge the necessity of arc data according to the purpose, it is an object to provide a geographical information system that can quickly and accurately create a map according to use and purpose with the minimum required data.

[0025]

According to the present invention, arc data input means for inputting the shape of the boundary line of each specific area (polygon) as an arc and independent arc data that does not depend on the specific area (polygon). Arc data registering means for registering the arc data as application data in order to specify which arc data each specific area (polygon) uses, and selected arc data And a polygon generating means for performing a calculation based on the usage data to generate a polygon, an expression style determining means for determining the color and thickness of the arc of the generated polygon, and a polygon for the background topographic map. It is characterized by having an output means for displaying and outputting a map.

Further, the present invention is characterized by comprising priority order setting means for setting a priority order for the generated polygons.

[0027]

[0028]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the geographical information system according to the present invention, disaster prevention plan maps, facility management maps, transportation / delivery plan maps, marketing analysis maps, etc., or city planning maps as an administrative support system, land use basic plans, etc. When creating a map that specifies areas with different purposes such as diagrams, the basic map data and the boundaries of the specific areas (polygons) used in all these maps are registered as arc data.

Then, in order to represent a specific area in a map classified by usage / purpose, arc data used in each specific area is registered as usage data, and the geographic information system is activated. By this system, the necessity of each arc data is given as usage data to a polygon generation program or the like to create a desired map.

[0030]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A data structure of a geographical information system and a data construction method thereof will be described below as an embodiment according to the present invention with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the concept of the data structure of the system.

The completed polygon 1 is a specific area shown on the map. Polygon p1 and polygon p2
Are elements for forming the completed polygon 1. The arcs a1 and a2 are independent data, do not depend on the polygon p1 and the polygon p2, and are used as the prescribed values when the polygon p1 is generated, but are also the prescribed values when the polygon p2 is generated. Is data used as.

The above data structure has a PCR (Polyg)
on Create Rule), the definition of which is shown in FIG.

Polygon coverage can be automatically generated by a polygon generation program or the like if a boundary line surrounding the specified surface is given as arc data. Therefore, which polygon is required for the arc data? It is only necessary to know.

Arc element 2 for generating a polygon
Are arcs a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a
7 and a8, and all arc elements 2 are input with data in advance. Then, application data (PCR definition) 3 for each arc used for polygon coverage is set.

In order to generate the completed polygon 4 which is the polygon coverage 1, the arcs a1, a2, a3 and a4 are used.
Since it suffices to provide the polygon generation program or the like as a prescribed value, this data structure has an arc "a1" of "o
n ", arc" a2 "is" on ", arc" a3 "is"
on ", arc" a4 "is" on ", arc" a5 "
Is "off", arc "a6" is "off", arc "
It is only necessary to define application data in which "a7" is "off" and the arc "a8" is "off".

Further, in order to generate the completed polygon 5 which is the polygon coverage 2, the arc a1 to the arc a are generated.
Since 8 may be given to the polygon generation program etc. as a prescribed value, the arc "a1" has "o" in this data structure.
n ", arc" a2 "is" on ", arc" a3 "is"
on ", arc" a4 "is" on ", arc" a5 "
Is "on", arc "a6" is "on", arc "a
7 "may be defined as" on "and the arc" a8 "may be defined as" on ".

In this way, how to use the arc, which is the prescribed value for generating the polygon, in which polygon is "on" for the arc to be used and "off" for the arc not to be used. It can be added according to purpose.

At this time, the system also has a flow of automatically giving on and off when an attribute (for example, administrative field) is given to the arc instead of directly giving on and off to the arc. This is possible by defining in advance a combination of on and off, which is equivalent to being an administrative world, as a schema.

Further, although the above-mentioned usage data has a data structure having one kind of usage data for one polygon coverage, it is created by the system so as to have a plurality of kinds of usage data for one polygon coverage. It may be possible to display more diversified arc data depending on the scale of enlargement of the map.

As described above, o is used as application data in the arc.
After adding n and off, a polygon is automatically generated. At this time, it is a perforated polygon as shown in FIG. 4 that requires special attention in processing. In FIG. 4, an empty polygon 8 outside the specific area exists in the specific polygon 7. At this time, such polygon data can be described by constructing a polygon tree based on the inside / outside determination, which is a part of the automatic generation processing.

FIG. 3 shows a state in which a plurality of polygons are overlaid.

In this case, three polygons generated by the above data structure are overlapped with each other. The polygon p2 is overlapped with the polygon p3, and the polygon p1 is overlapped with the polygon p2.

At this time, each of the polygons p1, p2, and p3 has a boundary line, but the arc a1 is used to generate all these polygons. If such an arc is not shared, a plurality of arcs a1 exist,
Therefore, there is no expression method other than overlapping all the colors of the polygons p1, p2, and p3 for each arc. But PCR
According to him, the sharing of the arc is done.

Therefore, the color of the arc a1 shared by setting the priority 6 to the overlapping polygons uses the thick red line designated for the polygon p1 having the highest priority. .

The data construction method of the above geographic information system will be described using a flowchart.

FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of polygon generation.

First, the boundary line for designating a specific area on the map is grasped according to the purpose and purpose (step S).
1).

Next, the geographical information system set in the computer is started (step S2).

Then, the shape of the arc which is the boundary line of the specified area is input using a mouse or the like which is an input device connected to the computer.

The arcs to be set are created for all arcs according to various uses / purposes, and in advance, which polygon is to be used and which polygon is to be generated in the map according to the uses / purposes. Set and input (step S3).

Next, the above-mentioned registered arc is edited and passed as a prescribed value to a polygon generation program or the like. Then, the polygon generation program or the like which has received the arc data of the specified value automatically performs an arithmetic operation based on the data to generate a polygon (step S4).

Here, it is determined whether or not there is an error. If there is an error, the process returns to step S3 and the arc is edited again. If there is no error, the process proceeds to the next step (step S5).

Each polygon is generated by the polygon generation program (step S6).

Then, the map in which the areas for each purpose and purpose are specified is completed (step S7).

When the target map is created, the process ends.

Here, a method of constructing data for coloring the arc after automatically generating the polygon will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

First, one polygon is extracted (step S10).

Next, the arc used as the boundary line is marked. For example, in the case of a disaster prevention map, the boundaries of evacuation areas and wide-area evacuation areas are designated (step S1).
1).

Then, it is judged whether the marking process has been completed for all the target polygons. If not completed, the process returns to step S10. When the processing is completed, the following processing is performed. (Step S12).

The already registered arc is taken out (step S13). Then, the information of all the polygons that use the extracted arc is extracted (step S14). This is possible because the used polygon has already been set for the arc in step S11.

The priority of all polygons sharing the arc is determined to determine which polygon has the highest display priority (step S15).

Based on the priority order, the expression style such as the color and thickness of the arc is determined and the data is registered (step S16).

It is determined whether or not the processing has been completed for all required arcs (step S17). If not completed, the process returns to step S13. When the processing is completed, the processing is completed.

An explanatory diagram as a concrete example in which the map is divided into the specific areas is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

First, as shown in FIG. 7, arc data 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 are registered. In this case, for example, as the arc data 9, not only one line segment but line segment data 91 to 9n that approximates the curve of the arc data 9 is registered. Similarly, for the arc data 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 as well, each straight line data that approximates the curve is registered.

Then, in order to generate the polygon 17 of the specific area, the arc data 9 uses the usage data (PCR).
on ”, arc data 10 is“ on ”, arc data 1
1 is “off”, arc data 12 is “off”, arc data 13 is “on”, arc data 14 is “of”
f ", arc data 15 is" on ", arc data 16
Is "off".

Further, in order to generate the polygon 18 of the specific area, the arc data 9 is "o" as the usage data (PCR).
ff ”, arc data 10 is“ off ”, arc data 11 is“ on ”, arc data 12 is“ on ”, arc data 13 is“ on ”, arc data 14 is“ on ”,
The arc data 15 is “off” and the arc data 16 is “off”.
off ”.

Further, in order to generate the polygon 19 of the specific area, the arc data 9 is used as the usage data (PCR).
off ”, arc data 10 is“ off ”, arc data 11 is“ off ”, arc data 12 is“ on ”, arc data 13 is“ off ”, arc data 14 is“ o ”.
n ", arc data 15 is" on ", arc data 16
Is "on".

The above arc data 9, 10, 11, 1
If 2, 13, 14, 15, and 16 are defined as usage data and given to a polygon generation program or the like, a specific area as shown in FIG. 8 can be represented.

A map created using the data structure and data construction method of the geographical information system in this embodiment is output as a drawing by a printer (monochrome or color) or an XY plotter connected to a computer as an output. Alternatively, it may be displayed on a CRT display device.

[0072]

As described above, according to the present invention, arcs, which are the prescribed values for generating polygons, are registered as independent arc data, and which arc data is used by the generated polygons is determined. Since it is specified, it is not necessary to register duplicate data. As a result, the amount of data is reduced, and the time required for data registration can be significantly reduced. Further, as the amount of data decreases, the memory capacity in the computer also decreases, and the access time to the data is greatly shortened.

Further, since all the different arc data are registered according to the maps according to various uses and purposes, and only the arc data necessary for the desired map is extracted and used, a map can be created over a wide variety of types. It is possible to quickly and accurately edit the map in order to eliminate overlapping display of marks and the like and without setting complicated conditions such as the presence or absence of a boundary line.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a structural conceptual diagram showing a data structure of a geographical information system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the definition of the data structure of the geographical information system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an application example of the data structure of the geographical information system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an application example of the data structure of the geographical information system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a data construction method of a geographical information system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a data construction method of a geographical information system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a specific example of the data structure of the geographical information system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a specific example when polygon generation is executed by the data structure of the geographical information system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a structural conceptual diagram showing a data structure of a conventional geographical information system.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a data structure of a conventional geographical information system.

FIG. 11 is a structural conceptual diagram showing another data structure of the conventional geographic information system.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a first problem of the conventional geographic information system.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a second problem of the conventional geographic information system.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Completed polygon 2 ... Arc element 3 ... Application data (PCR definition) 4 ... Completed polygon 5 of polygon coverage 1 ... Completed polygon 6 of polygon coverage 2 ... Priority 7 ... ..Specific polygons 8 ... Sky polygons 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ...
Ark 17, 18, 19 ... Polygon of a specific area

Front page continuation (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G09B 29/00 G06F 15/62 G06T 1/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. Arc data input means for inputting the shape of the boundary line of each specific area (polygon) as an arc,
Arc data registration means for registering arc data as independent data that does not depend on a specific area (polygon), and uses arc data to specify which arc data each specific area (polygon) uses Usage data registration means for registering as data, polygon generation means for performing calculation based on the selected arc data and usage data to generate polygons, and expression style determination means for determining the color and thickness of arcs of the generated polygons. A geographical information system characterized by comprising output means for displaying and outputting a map created by combining polygons with a topographic map as a background. 2. The geographical information system according to claim 1, further comprising priority order setting means for setting a priority order to the generated polygons.