JP3390690B2 - Friction stir welding method and structure - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to friction stir welding used for joining aluminum alloy materials and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a friction stir welding method, a round rod (referred to as a rotating body) inserted in a joint is rotated and moved along a joint line to generate heat, soften the joint, and cause plastic flow.
This is a method of solid phase bonding. The rotating body includes a small diameter portion to be inserted into the joint portion and a large diameter portion located outside. The small diameter portion and the large diameter portion are coaxial. Rotate the large diameter side. The boundary between the small diameter portion and the large diameter portion is slightly inserted in the joint portion. Joining by the friction stir welding method is applied to the butt portion and the overlapping portion. This is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-505090 (EP061).
5480B1), Welding & Metal Fabrication, Janua
ry 1995 pp. 13-16.

The material of the materials to be joined is disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-505090. Material to be joined,
For the material, dimensions, rotation speed, and moving speed of the rotor,
Welding Society National Conference Lecture Summary 56th ('95 -4) 2
It is shown on pages 08 to 209.

[0004]

According to various experiments of the friction stir welding method, a part of the upper surface of the joining portion of the two members is blown like a facet by the rotation of the large diameter portion of the rotating body. A depression is formed on the upper surface of the joint. Swelling occurs due to plastic deformation of the member on both sides of the recess.

Although the bulge may be removed, repair of the dent requires a putty or the like, which is expensive.

Further, if there is a gap between the end faces of the abutting portions of the two members before joining, a defect such as a dent occurs at the joining portion. As a result, the strength is reduced, which is a particular problem in a large structure. When the member becomes large, it becomes difficult to manage the gap, the dent becomes large, and a defect easily occurs.

When the presence of the recess does not matter because the joint is covered with another member, there is no problem except strength. However, on the side surface of the vehicle body of the vehicle, the dent must be removed from the viewpoint of appearance. Even when it is not visible, the depression may cause a problem in performance.

An object of the present invention is to prevent the occurrence of depressions at the joint.

[0009]

The above object is to butt the ends of the first member and the ends of the second member, and to form a gap between the ends, Each of the end portions of the first member and the second member has a protruding portion that protrudes in the same thickness direction from a surface in the thickness direction of the member, and a small diameter portion is provided at the tip of the large diameter portion. Is inserted from the protruding portion side, the small diameter portion is inserted in the abutted portion including the respective protruding portions, and the extension line of the surface and the respective protruding portions. between the top of the state where the boundary was positioned to the large diameter portion and the small-diameter portion, while rotating the rotating body, by relatively moving along said butted portion, the First
In the gap between the end of the member and the end of the second member,
This can be achieved by moving the metal of the protrusion .

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention is shown in FIGS.
The nineteenth embodiment is mainly used. The present invention is other
Will be described with reference to the example of the drawings. An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 as applied to a vehicle body of a railway vehicle. In FIG. 5, the body of the railway vehicle is a side structure 4
1, the roof structure 42, the floor structure 43, and the end structure 44 in the longitudinal direction. The side structure 41 is formed by arranging a plurality of hollow extrusion mold members (50, 60) in parallel and joining them. The joining is performed as shown in FIG. Roof structure 4
2. The floor structure 43 has the same structure. The side structure 41 and the roof structure 42 are connected to each other, and the side structure 41 and the floor structure 43 are connected to each other by MIG welding or the like.

FIG. 1 shows a joint portion (joint portion) of a hollow mold member constituting the side structure 41. Hollow mold material 50, 60
Is an extruded aluminum alloy material. Hollow mold material 5
0 and 60 are composed of two plates 51, 52, 61 and 62 and diagonal plates (ribs) 53 and 63 connecting them. There are a plurality of diagonal plates 53 and 63, which are arranged in a truss shape. The inclination directions of the plates 53 and 63 are alternate.

The end of one (first) hollow mold member 50 is contained in the end of the other (second) hollow mold member 60. Near the end of the hollow profile 50 is a vertical plate 54 joining the plates 51 and 52. 55 is a protruding piece that supports the end of the hollow mold member 60.

On the extension line of the center of the plate 54 in the thickness direction (the horizontal direction in FIG. 1), the ends of the thick portions (projections) 56, 66 for joining the two hollow mold members 50, 60 (that is, , The end of the abutting portion of the hollow mold members 50 and 60 (joint portion W
Center)) is located. Plates 51 and 5 near the joint W
Numerals 2, 61, 62 project from the front surface side (outside in the thickness direction of the hollow mold member, the side for performing the bonding work, that is, the rotating body 70 side of the bonding tool) at a predetermined width and at a predetermined height, and are thick. It is a meat part. Thus, the thick portions 56 and 66 are composed of the protruding portion and other portions. The sizes of the thick portions 56 and 66 are determined by the size of the rotating body 70 and the gap between the two hollow mold members 50 and 60, as will be described later. Thick portions 56, 66 are at the ends of the plates 51, 52, 61, 62, respectively. The front surface (outer surface) of the thick portions 56 and 66 and the plate (non-projecting portion) 51,
The front surfaces (outer surfaces) of 52, 61 and 62 are smoothly connected and are inclined. When the two thick portions 56 and 66 are butted, the shape is trapezoidal.

It should be noted that the abutment of the mold members 50 and 60 or the abutment of the thick portions 56 and 66 means the end 5 of the two mold members.
6a and 66a are in contact with each other, and there is a gap between the end portions 56a and 66a of the two mold members.

Rotating bodies 70, 70, which are joining tools, are arranged above and below the joining portion of the hollow mold members. The rotating body 70 has a small-diameter round bar (small-diameter part) 72 installed at the tip of a large-diameter round bar (large-diameter part) 71 at the base. The large diameter portion 71 and the small diameter portion 72 are coaxial. Upper rotating body 70
The lower rotating body 70 is located substantially vertically. The two rotating bodies 70, 70 may be separated from each other along the joining line, but in order to prevent bending of the hollow mold members 50, 60, it is preferable that they are not separated greatly. The rotating body 70 is a material harder than the hollow mold members 50 and 60.

While rotating the two rotating bodies 70, 70, the small diameter portion 72 is inserted into the joint portion of the hollow mold members 50, 60. Then, the two hollow mold members 50 and 60 are moved horizontally along the longitudinal direction of the joint. Two rotating bodies 7
0 and 70 are moved at the same time.

During friction stir welding, the upper rotating body 7
At 0, the boundary (substantially flat) 73 between the large-diameter portion 71 and the small-diameter portion 72 is defined by the plate 5 of the general portion (non-projecting portion).
It is positioned slightly above (inside the protruding portions of the thick portions 56, 66) 73a above the upper surface of 1, 61 (the outer surface in the thickness direction of the hollow mold members 50, 60). Lower rotating body 70
In addition, the boundary 73 between the large-diameter portion 71 and the small-diameter portion 72 is slightly lower (thick wall) than the lower surface (the outer surface in the thickness direction of the hollow mold member) of the plates 51 and 61 of the general portion (non-projecting portion). Part 5
6 and 66). That is,
The boundary 73 between the upper and lower rotating bodies 70, 70 is the plate 51 of the non-projecting portion,
Outer than the extension of the outer surface of 61 (thick-walled portions 56, 66
Is located in the protrusion of the thick portions 56 and 66. The line 73a in FIG. 1 is the position of the boundary 73. Thus, the small-diameter portion 72 is located at the abutting portion, and the boundary 73 between the large-diameter portion 71 and the small-diameter portion 72 is thicker than the thick-walled portions 56 and 66 and the extension line of the outer surface of the plates 51 and 61. Meat 56, 66
Located between the top of the.

During the joining operation, the mold members 50 and 60 are mounted and fixed on a pedestal. There is no pedestal around the thick part on the bottom surface. The center of rotation of the rotating body 70 is at the center of the joint, that is, the center of the thickness of the plate 54.

Referring to FIG. 4, the relationship between the sizes of the respective portions will be described. The width W1 of the top of the thick portions 56, 66 when the two thick portions 56, 66 are butted is larger than the diameter d of the small diameter portion 72. Is larger and smaller than the diameter D of the large diameter portion 71. Two thick parts 5
The width W2 of the base portions of 6, 66 is larger than the diameter D of the large diameter portion 71. The height H1 of the protruding portions of the thick portions 56 and 66 is equal to the small diameter portion 72.
Greater than the length of. The lower end of the large diameter portion 71 is provided with a thick portion 56,
When positioned at the position 73a of 66, the tip of the small diameter portion 72 reaches the projection piece 55 or is located in the vicinity thereof. The top plates 51, 61 of the joints 56, 66 and the base plates 51, 6
The first side is connected with slopes 56c and 66c.

FIG. 2 shows a state in which the friction stir welding is completed. FIG. 2 shows the upper joint of FIG. The lower joint is symmetrical to the upper joint. A recess K is formed on the outer surface side of the joint W toward the inside of the hollow mold member.
There are thick portions 56T and 66T on both sides of the depression K. The thick portions 56T and 66T are the rest of the thick portions 56 and 66. The thick portions 56T and 66T include those that are plastically deformed. The bottom surface of the recess K is located at a position 73a outside the outer surfaces of the plates 51 and 61 of the general portion.

If the upper surface side of FIG. 1 is taken as the outer surface side of the vehicle body of the railway vehicle, an extra portion of the joint portion of the upper surface (the plate 51 of the general portion,
The upper surface of the upper surface of 61 is cut from above the extension line) with a grinder so as to be flush with the upper surfaces of the plates 51 and 61 of the general portion. Since the upper surface is cut, cutting work is easy. Similarly, on the lower surface side, the depression K and the thick portions 56T and 66 are formed.
Although there is T, if it is on the inner surface side of the vehicle body, cutting is not necessary because it is covered with a decorative plate. FIG. 3 shows the mold material 50 placed on the mount 111,
60 is joined from above and below, and then, the state where the thick portions 56T and 66T on the upper surface side are removed in a state of being placed on the gantry 111 is shown.

According to this, the occurrence of the depression K can be substantially prevented. Therefore, overlay welding and repair with putty can be eliminated.

Further, in the above embodiment, the end portions 56a, 66a of the thick portions 56, 66 are in contact with each other, but if there is a gap between them, the thick portion 56 fluidized by friction stir welding. , 66 base materials are pushed into this gap. Therefore, even if there is a gap, no defect occurs in the joint. Specifically, the height of the thick portion (the plates 51, 52, 6
If the protrusion width from the outer surface of 1 and 62) is set to 1 mm, even if the gap is 1 mm, bonding can be performed without defects. Further, the position of the recess K can be located outside from the extension line of the outer surface of the plates 51, 52, 61, 62. That is, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of the depression substantially easily.

The width W2 of the base portions of the thick portions 56 and 66 is larger than the diameter D of the large diameter portion 71. The width W1 at the top of the thick portions 56, 66 is larger than the diameter d of the small diameter portion 72. When the center of the rotating body 70 is displaced from the center of the thick portions 56, 56,
And the gap between the two molds.

The tops of the thick portions 56 and 66 and the base are connected by slopes 56c and 66c. That is, when the two thick portions 56 and 66 are butted, they are trapezoidal. Therefore, there is no extra portion in the hollow mold member as compared with the case where the thick portions 56 and 66 are projected in a quadrangle without the slopes 56c and 66c. Therefore, the material of the hollow mold member can be reduced and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, the amount of cutting by the grinder can be reduced, which is easy. Thick part 5
Since 6 and 66 are for replenishing the metal at the joint between the two mold members, they may have a trapezoidal shape. In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the protruding portion 51 is formed from the outer surface of the non-projecting plate 51, 62.
The trapezoidal portions of the protrusions 56 and 66 may be provided after the a and 61a are slightly raised.

The plate 54 prevents the thick portions 56 and 66 from being bent inward by the compressive force of the rotating bodies 70 and 70.

In FIG. 1, the shape of the right end of the hollow mold member 50 may be the shape of the left end or the right end shape of the hollow mold member 60. The same applies to the hollow mold member 60. The point is that two mold materials can be joined.

The rotating body 70 moves by detecting an abutting portion with an optical sensor. Slopes 56c and 66 of the thick portions 56 and 66
By detecting c, the position of the rotating body 70 in the width direction is determined. In FIG. 7, the slopes 56n and 66n for sensing are provided at the portions where the two thick portions 56m and 66m face each other. The slopes 56n (66n) are thick parts 56m and 66m, respectively.
It may be provided on one side or on one side.

In each of the above embodiments, the end faces 56 of the two joints are formed.
Although a and 66a are parallel to the axis of the rotating body 70, the two end surfaces 56a and 66a may be inclined with respect to the axis of the rotating body 70. For example, the end surface 56a of the one member 50 may be inclined, and the end surface 66a of the other member 60 may overlap with this. According to this, even if the distance between the two end faces is large, the metal fluidized by the rotation of the rotating body 70 can be prevented from flowing out from between the piece 55. This shape is suitable for connecting pipes.

The joining device will be described with reference to FIG. The hollow mold members 50 and 60 are placed on the mounts 111 and 111, and are fixed by the clamps 113. Two hollow profiles 50, 60
The abutting part has a predetermined gap. The abutting portions of the two hollow mold members 50 and 60 are appropriately temporarily welded together.

The upper rotating body 70 is suspended from the traveling body 121 traveling in the width direction. The traveling body 121 moves along the upper frame of the gate-shaped traveling body 122. The traveling body 122 travels along rails 123 along the longitudinal direction on both sides of the hollow mold members 50 and 60. The lower rotating body 70 is installed on the traveling body 131 between the two mounts 111, 111. The traveling body 131 is placed on the traveling body 132,
Move in the width direction. The traveling body 132 travels along the rail 133 along the longitudinal direction of the hollow mold members 50 and 60. Below the upper rotating body 70 is the lower rotating body 70. The traveling bodies 121 and 131 move the rotating bodies 70 and 70 up and down.

The traveling members 121 and 131 have hollow mold members 50,
A plurality of rollers 124 and 134 that hold down 60 are installed. The rollers 124 and 134 are the rotating bodies 70 and 70.
On both sides of the thick portions 56, 66 in front of the. The rollers 124 and 134 are provided in a plurality of rows along the traveling direction as required. Rollers can be added before and after the rotating body 70.

Sensors (not shown) for detecting the positions to be joined are installed on the traveling bodies 121 and 131. The traveling bodies 121 and 131 are moved in the width direction by the sensor. When a laser is used as the sensor, the slope 56c,
56c, 66c, 66c are obtained and the center to be joined is detected.

After the upper and lower surfaces of the mold members 50 and 60 are joined by the rotating bodies 70 and 70, the mold members 50 and 60 are attached to the mounts 111 and 111.
With the placed, cut the thick part on the top surface to finish it smoothly. The grinding grinder work can be made smoother if done manually. For this reason, it is preferable that the thick portion to be cut is on the upper surface.

The cutting work can be shortened by first cutting the thick portion with a machine and then manually cutting. In this case, a cutting tool is installed on the traveling body 121 slightly behind the rotating body 70. Rotating body 70
When the tool rotates, the cutting tool also performs the cutting work.

For example, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the end mill 126 is installed on the traveling body 121 on the upper surface side behind the rotating body 70 on the upper surface side. The end mill 126 cuts the thick portions 56 and 66. The position of the lower end of the end mill 126 is slightly above the upper surfaces of the plates 51 and 61 on the upper surfaces of the hollow mold members 50 and 60. The diameter of the end mill 126 is sufficiently larger than the width of the thick portions 56 and 66 at the above positions.
The rollers 124, 124 are pressed from above and below in the vicinity of the end mill 126 so that the cutting amount by the end mill 126 becomes the same.

In the above embodiment, the pair of hollow mold members to be joined each have a thick wall portion, but it is also possible when only one hollow mold member 60 has a thick wall portion 66 as shown in FIG. The metal of the thick portion 66 moves to the gap between the hollow mold members 50 and 60 and the upper surface of the plate of the hollow mold member 50. Further, in one hollow mold member 60, the plate 61 on the upper surface has a thick portion,
The same applies when the lower hollow plate 61 of the other hollow mold member 50 has a thick portion.

Although the extrusion mold member of the above-mentioned embodiment is a hollow mold member, it is applicable to a solid extrusion mold member. Examples will be shown below.

In FIG. 12, thick-walled portions 3 and 3 have thick-walled portions 34 and 35 respectively at the ends of the flat plate-shaped extruded mold members 31 and 32.
An example of a joint shape in which 4 and 35 are butted and joined to each other will be shown. At this time, a backing jig (frame) 36 is arranged on the extrusion mold members 31 and 32. The backing jig 36 is made of a material harder than the extrusion mold members 31 and 32 in order to prevent the backing jig 36 from being bonded to the bonding portion W. By moving the rotating body 70 while rotating it along the abutting surface of this joint, the joint W shown in FIG. 13 is obtained. Thick parts 34, 3
The conditions of the rotating body 70 for No. 5 are the same as those in the above embodiment. Next, as shown in FIG. 14, the recess K and the thick portion are removed smoothly with a grinder or the like. Roller 12 of joining device
4 or the like is the same as the previous clean.

In the case of an extruded die member having only one joint, a roller for supporting the extruded die member can be arranged in place of the lower rotating body 70 in the example of FIG. According to this, it is not necessary to support all the surfaces of the mold members 31, 32, and the structure of the gantry can be simplified.

15 to 17, a plurality of ribs 39 are provided on one surface of the plate, and the thick portion 34 is provided on the surface opposite to the ribs 39.
This is a case where the extruded mold members 37 and 38 having b and 35b are friction stir welded. The lower end of the rib 39 and the lower surfaces of the thick portions 34 and 35 are placed on the frame 36B. Friction stir welding is the same as in the above embodiment.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 18 to 19, the extruded mold members 37c, 3c having thick portions 34b, 35b on the rib 39 side are provided.
This is the case of 8c. According to this, the gantry 36C side becomes flat. Therefore, when there may be some unevenness on the side opposite to the rib 39, the finishing process for smoothing can be omitted, and the manufacturing can be performed at low cost. The joint portion W becomes a good joint portion and can have a predetermined thickness.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 18 to 19, when the mold members 37c and 38c are applied to the vehicle body, the thick portions 34b,
Since 35b is on the inside of the vehicle, it is possible to eliminate the need to cut the thick portions 34b and 35b. However, an unbonded portion is likely to be formed on the vehicle outer side of the bonded portion, and it is necessary to fill the space between the end portions of the thick portion 34b and the thick portion 35b with putty and paint. However, in the embodiments of FIGS. 15 to 17, there is no unbonded portion on the outside of the vehicle, and there is no need for painting. Further, in the embodiment of FIGS. 15 to 17, the rib 3 is provided around the thick portions 34b and 35b.
Since there is no 9, it is easy to press with the roller 124.

An example of FIGS. 20 to 22 will be described. FIG. 22
In, the side structure 416 of the railway vehicle is configured by combining a plurality of extruded mold members 150 and 160. Extrusion profile 150, 150 between the doorway 171 and the window 172,
And the extruded profile 15 between the windows 172 and 172.
Each of the extrusion direction of 0,150 is a longitudinal direction in FIG. 22. Extrusion profile 160 below the window 172, 1
60 and the extruded profiles 50, 16 above the window 172
Each of the extrusion direction of 0 is a lateral direction in FIG 22. That is, the extrusion direction of the extrusion molding material 150 and the extrusion direction of the extrusion molding material 160 are orthogonal to each other.

Extrusion mold members 150 having the same extrusion direction, the joints between the 150 and the extrusion mold members 16
The joint portion of 0 and 160 is joined by forming a thick portion as in the above embodiment.

The portion where the extrusion directions are orthogonal to each other is as shown in FIG. FIG. 21 is before friction stir welding. The extruded shape members 150 and 160 have ribs 153 and 16 on one side of the plate.
Have three. It is not a hollow material. Extruded material 150, 1
Plates 1 near the ends of the ribs 153, 163 of 60 and the joints
51 and 161 are mounted on the mount 36B. Rib 153,
The 163 side is the inside of the vehicle, and the plates 151, 161 side is the outside of the vehicle.

The end of the extrusion 150 constitutes a thick portion 156 protrudes in a counter-rib 153 side. Thick part 156
Protrudes toward the extrusion mold member 160 to be further joined,
The protrusion 157 is configured. The protruding portion 157 overlaps the outer surface side of the plate 161 of the extruded mold member 160. Stand 36
The rib 163 near B is cut away. The protrusion amount L2 (shown in FIG. 23) of the protrusion 157 is similar to the width L1 of the thick portion. That is, the protruding portion 157 has the thick portion 15
Equivalent to 6. The tip of the projecting portion 157 is slanted similarly to the thick portion 156.

When the rotor 70 is inserted from above and friction stir welding is performed, the end portions 1 of the two extruded mold members 150 and 160 are
Since the protrusion 157 is located above the portion 150c (shown in FIG. 23) between the portions 50b and 160b, metal such as the protrusion 157 is supplied to the gap 150c. Further, the metal is also supplied above the extrusion mold material 160. Therefore, as compared with the case where there is no thick portion 156 and the protruding portion 157, or the case where there is no protruding portion only, good joining can be obtained.

Since the rib 153 of the extrusion mold member 160 is cut out so as to overlap the protruding portion, the plate 161 in the vicinity of the protruding portion 157 can be pressed down and good joining can be achieved.

FIG. 23 shows the thick portion 156 and the protruding portion 1.
57 is provided on the rib 153 side. Plates 151, 1
61 is mounted on the mount 36C. The rib 163 near the end 160b is cut out. The thick portion 156 and the protruding portion 157 of the extruded mold material 160 are on the rib 153 side (the inner surface side of the vehicle).

A triangular groove 158 is formed on the outer surface of the thick portion 156 at a position corresponding to the end 150b of the extruded mold material 150 and the end 160b of the extruded mold material 160. First, it becomes a position mark when the position of the rotating body 70 is determined. It also becomes the mark of the sensor.

In the case of an extruded mold material in which the extruding directions are orthogonal to each other, it is possible to use only the thick portion 156. Providing the protrusion toward the adjacent member can also be applied to a hollow member or the like. Also, those two extrusion are not orthogonal, i.e. can be applied to the case between the parallel members.

It can be applied to the known joining of honeycomb panels. The honeycomb panel includes two face plates, a honeycomb-shaped core member between the two face plates, and an edge member arranged around the core member.
Consists of. The objects to be joined can also be applied to pipes and the like. In this case, the terms such as the plate and the like in the above-mentioned embodiment are appropriately read as a cylinder.

The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the wording of the claims or the wording of the means for solving the problems, and those skilled in the art can easily replace them. It extends to a range.

[0055]

According to the present invention, even if the gap between the joints is large, it is possible to substantially eliminate the recesses in the joints.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a joint portion according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view after friction stir welding in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state in which finishing processing is performed after friction stir welding in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the size of each part.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a vehicle body of a railway vehicle.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of a joint according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of a joint according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the joining device.

9 is a side view of a main part of the joining device of FIG.

FIG. 10 is a left side view of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another joint portion.

FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a joint portion according to another embodiment of the present invention.

13 is a vertical cross-sectional view after friction stir welding in FIG.

FIG. 14 is a vertical cross-sectional view after finishing the thick portion in FIG. 12 to be smooth.

FIG. 15 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a joint portion according to another embodiment of the present invention.

16 is a vertical cross-sectional view after friction stir welding in FIG.

17 is a vertical cross-sectional view after finishing the thick portion in FIG. 13 to be smooth.

FIG. 18 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a joint portion according to another embodiment of the present invention.

19 is a vertical cross-sectional view after friction stir welding in FIG.

20 is a right side view of FIG. 21. FIG.

FIG. 21 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another joint portion,
It is -21 sectional drawing.

FIG. 22 is a front view of a side structure of a railway vehicle.

FIG. 23 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another joint portion.

[Explanation of symbols]

31, 32, 37, 37c, 38, 38c: Mold material, 3
6, 36B, 36C: Frame, 39: Rib, 70: Rotating body for joining, 71: Large diameter part, 72: Small diameter part, 50, 60:
Hollow mold material, 51, 52, 53, 54, 61, 62, 6
3: plate, 56, 66: thick part, 56c, 66c: slope,
111: Frame, 150, 160: Extrusion material, 151,
161: plate, 153, 163: rib, 156: thick part,
157: a protrusion.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hisanobu Okamura 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki Hitachi Ltd. Hitachi Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Kinya Aota 7-chome, Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki No. 1 in Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-10-216964 (JP, A) JP-A-11-28582 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23K 20/12

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An end portion of a first member and an end portion of a second member are abutted with each other, and a gap is formed between the end portions, the first member and the second member. Each of the end portions of the member has a protruding portion that protrudes in the same thickness direction from a surface of the member in the thickness direction, and the rotating body having a small diameter portion at the tip of the large diameter portion has It is inserted from the side, in a state where the small diameter portion is inserted into the butted portion including the respective protruding portions, and between the extension line of the surface and the top of the respective protruding portions, With the boundary between the large-diameter portion and the small-diameter portion positioned, while rotating the rotating body, by relatively moving along the abutted portion, the end portion of the first member and Moving the metal of the protrusion into a gap between the end of the second member and the end of the second member;拌 bonding method. 2. The protrusion according to claim 1, wherein the protruding portion of the first member is located below the end portion, and the relative movement is performed by directing the small diameter portion above the large diameter portion. And a friction stir welding method characterized by: 3. The end portion of the first member and the end portion of the second member are joined together by friction stir welding, and the first member is substantially the first plate and the plate. A second plate parallel to each other and a third plate connecting the first plate and the second plate, wherein the second member is substantially the same as the first plate. A parallel second plate, and a third plate connecting the first plate and the second plate, wherein the first plates are outside and the second plates are outside the member. From the first plate and the third plate, which are joined to each other, and projecting pieces for supporting the other first plate on the side of the second plate. Yes, the first member and the second member are protrusions that protrude outward from the first member and the second member at each of the ends of the first plate of the butting portion. Department And the protrusions are previously provided on the respective first plates, and the protrusions are provided between the tops of the two protrusions and the extension lines of the outer surfaces of the respective first plates. There is a side face of the outer junction, the structure surface of the side of the outer side of the joint, characterized in, that the recessed with respect to the two protrusions. 4. The projection according to claim 3, which is a connecting portion between the one second plate and the third plate and supports the other second plate on the side of the first plate. A piece, the first member and the second member projecting outward of the first member and the second member at each of the ends of the second plate of the butting portion. A second protrusion that is provided in advance on each of the second plates, the tops of the two second protrusions, and each of the second protrusions. There is a side face of the outer side of the joint portion between the extension line of the outer surface of the second plate, the surface on the side <br/> of the outer side of the joint portion for joining said second plate with each other Is recessed with respect to the two second protrusions.