JP3387865B2 - High ridge cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for cultivating agricultural crops such as vegetables and flowers, and other plants above the ground. 2. Description of the Related Art When cultivating crops such as strawberries, a so-called soil cultivation method using ridges formed on the ground of a cultivation area has conventionally been adopted. In the soil cultivation method, most of the series of operations from raising seedlings to harvesting are performed in a squatting or crouching position.Especially, during planting, it involves heavy labor such as transport of seedlings. It is hard work. [0003] In order to improve such working conditions, improvement and development of containers for raising seedlings and the like have been carried out. Some of the so-called elevated cultivation methods and the like, in which various operations during the cultivation period can be performed in an upright posture, have been performed. Implemented locally. [0004] In the case of a general field, the cultivated area is actually up to a depth of about 30 to 40 cm from the ground. Below this, even if the plant roots elongate, a dense and firm soil layer is formed. Therefore, the root cannot function sufficiently. In other words, in the conventional soil cultivation method, the extension area where the plant root can function is insufficient, and therefore, the growth of the plant is largely dependent on the plant root on the upper part of the soil layer, and the original yield may not be obtained. is there. Therefore, the applicant of the present invention has to use a relatively small amount of cultivated soil as a container for raising seedlings such as strawberries and leafy vegetables.
Developed a container for raising seedlings with good root growth.
No. 437, for example. Further, a device for holding the container for raising seedlings and an auxiliary device suitable for fertilization and watering have been developed and disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-16495. By combining these seedling raising containers and holding devices and the like, a series of operations from raising seedlings to harvesting can be performed in an upright posture, so that working conditions can be improved. [0006] In addition, as a cultivation method for holding a cultivation container at a position higher than the ground, the present applicant has proposed a method in which a cultivation container having a shape in which a plurality of container bodies are connected by a connecting member is bridged over a frame and held. Developed and disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-298870. By adopting such a cultivation method, it is possible to work in an upright posture, and a large number of conventional cultivation containers can be locked to the frame by a single locking operation. Efficiency can be improved. [0007] In the case of the conventional elevated cultivation method, the cultivation container and the holding device are separate, and after the holding device composed of a support or a frame is installed on the ground,
Since a cultivation container must be set, much labor and time are required for the installation work, and the equipment cost is also large. In addition, since the ratio of support members and the like is large compared to the part that actually contributes to cultivation, a large installation space is required,
The cultivation number per unit area is small, and the yield may decrease. [0008] Regardless of whether the cultivation container is a single container or a connected container, it is necessary to perform the filling operation of the cultivation soil into each container. A lot of time and effort is spent on soil filling. In addition, it is necessary to use expensive cultivation soil specially prepared, leading to an increase in cultivation costs,
It also takes a lot of effort to transport soil to the cultivation area. In addition, since the elongation region of the plant root is limited, if the size of the cultivation container does not correspond to the type of plant seedling, sufficient root volume may not be obtained and may be lower than the original yield, More careful cultivation management than conventional soil cultivation is required. In cultivation of leafy vegetables and the like, especially in forced cultivation, temperature control is extremely important. It is necessary to avoid a rapid temperature change and maintain a constant temperature according to the growth stage. In the case of the elevated cultivation method, since a relatively small amount of cultivated soil is held at a position higher than the ground, it is susceptible to a change in temperature, and it is extremely difficult to accurately control the temperature. Further, in the case of the conventional elevated cultivation method, it is possible to work in a standing position, but with the aging of farmers in recent years, working in the standing position is burdensome for the elderly and is avoided. Instead, there is an increasing demand for a cultivation method capable of working in a sitting posture sitting on a chair or a work table placed in a furrow. [0011] The problem to be solved by the present invention is that installation of a large number of cultivation vessels and filling work for cultivation soil are not required, work can be performed in a seated position, and it is hardly affected by a change in temperature, and an increase in yield is achieved. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high ridge cultivation method. [0012] According to the high ridge cultivation method of the present invention, cultivated soil support means is provided on a tray placed on the ground,
The method is characterized in that embankment is performed so as to cover the cultivation support means to form a high ridge, and plants are cultivated on the ridge. As a result, plants can be cultivated on ridges that protrude higher on the ground than conventional cultivation ridges, making it possible to work in a seated position and expanding the exposed area of the cultivation soil to provide a good oxygen supply to the soil. Thus, the plant root elongation region and the nutrient absorption capacity are increased, the plant seedlings are activated, and the yield can be increased. Also, installation of a large number of cultivation containers and filling work for cultivation soil are not required. Since the lower surface of the embankment is in contact with the ground via the tray, it is hardly affected by a change in ambient temperature, and the temperature can be easily controlled. In addition, when potatoes are cultivated, crops can be dug out simply by breaking the embankment, so that the harvesting work is facilitated. In addition, as the soil forming the embankment, either the soil of the cultivation site or the specially prepared soil prepared separately may be used. As the cultivation support means, an inverted U-shaped grooved cultivation support member, an elastic plate-shaped member curved in an inverted U-shaped groove, a shelf-shaped cultivation support member, a water-retaining block body, or the like is used. Can be. By supporting the embankment from the inside of the embankment by such embankment support means, a high ridge can be formed that does not collapse the embankment by various operations such as watering, fertilization, and disinfection during the cultivation period. When using an inverted U-shaped grooved cultivation support member or an elastic plate material curved into an inverted U-shaped groove,
A space in which a tubular body for temperature control and the like can be arranged can be formed inside the embankment. Further, since the elastic plate material curved in the shape of the inverted U-shaped groove is restored to the plate shape when removed from the tray, the storage and storage space when not in use can be relatively small. Since the shelf-shaped cultivation support member and the water-retaining block have a large cultivation support force, a relatively large high ridge can be formed. The high ridge cultivation method of the present invention is characterized in that embankment and mulching are performed on a tray placed on the ground to form a high ridge, and plants are cultivated on the ridge.
Thereby, a plant can be cultivated on a high ridge that protrudes higher on the ground than a conventional ridge for soil culture. Since the surface of the embankment is mulched and the lower surface is in contact with the ground via the tray, it is less susceptible to changes in ambient temperature and temperature management becomes easier. By providing a net or a porous portion in the film material constituting the mulching, air permeability and water permeability to the embankment are provided, so that the oxygen supply function to the soil and the permeability of water and fertilizer are improved. Since the humidity and the like in the embankment are appropriately maintained, the plant seedlings are activated, and the yield can be increased. A cultivation retaining portion can be provided on the above-mentioned inverted U-shaped grooved soil support member, an elastic plate material curved in an inverted U-shaped groove shape, or a film material constituting mulching. As a result, the embankment fixing function is enhanced, so that there is no possibility that the embankment will collapse even when plant seedlings with a large amount of watering or plant seedlings with a long cultivation period are cultivated. Further, the high ridge cultivation method of the present invention is characterized in that a high ridge is formed by performing embankment on a tray supported at a position higher than the ground, and a plant is cultivated on the ridge. Thereby, a plant seedling can be grown on a high ridge that protrudes higher on the ground than a conventional ridge for soil culture. In addition, as the soil forming the embankment, either the soil of the cultivation site or the specially prepared soil prepared separately may be used. The height of the ridge is desirably 60 to 110 cm. As a result, the elongation region of the plant root, which is a crop, falls within this height range, and a necessary and sufficient amount of root is obtained only in the ridge.
It is possible to achieve the original yield. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a mode of high ridge cultivation according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing an operation state in the high ridge cultivation shown in FIG. . In the present embodiment, a cultivated soil support member 12 is provided along a longitudinal direction on a tray 11 placed on the ground 10 of a cultivation site, and the cultivated soil support member 12 is covered with the soil of the cultivation site. A high ridge 14 having a height of about 60 cm is formed by embankment 13, and plant seedlings 15 planted at regular intervals along the high ridge 14 are grown. The cultivation support member 12 has an inverted U-shaped groove, a plurality of cultivation locking portions 12a are provided on an outer peripheral surface thereof, and a drain hole 11a for discharging extra moisture is formed on a bottom surface of the tray 11. . In addition, embankment 13
As the cultivation soil for forming the cultivation soil, besides the soil at the cultivation site, a specially prepared cultivation soil may be used. Since the plant seedlings 15 are grown on the high ridges 14 protruding higher on the ground 10 than the conventional soil cultivation ridges, as shown in FIG. It is possible to do. Therefore, worker 1
It is possible to reduce the physical burden when, for example, 7 is an elderly person. In addition, installation of a large number of cultivation containers and cultivation soil filling work in the conventional elevated cultivation method are not required. In the high ridge 14, since the exposed area of the cultivated soil is wider than that of the conventional ridge, oxygen is sufficiently supplied from the air to the soil, and the elongation region of the plant root 19 expands, and the necessary and sufficient root volume is obtained. Is obtained and the nutrient absorption capacity is increased, whereby the plant seedlings 15 are activated, and the yield can be increased. Since the lower surface of the embankment 13 is in contact with the ground 10 via the tray 11, it is hardly affected by a change in ambient temperature, and temperature management is relatively easy. Cultivation support member 12
Since a tunnel-like space is formed in the inner periphery of the tubular body, a tubular body 1 for circulating a liquid or a gas for temperature adjustment is provided here.
6 and the like can be arranged, and a gas for temperature control can be directly passed. In addition, the use of the buried soil for forming the embankment 13 can be reduced due to the existence of the tunnel-shaped space. Since the cultivation support member 12 having the cultivation locking portion 12a on the outer peripheral surface is used, the embankment 13 is not collapsed by various operations such as watering, fertilization, and disinfection during the cultivation period. Even in the case of a variety requiring a large amount of watering or a variety having a long cultivation period, there is no possibility that the embankment 13 will collapse. When potatoes and the like are cultivated in the high ridge 14, crops can be dug out only by breaking the embankment 13, so that harvesting work is extremely easy. After the end of the cultivation period, the embankment 13 is broken and the cultivated soil is returned to the cultivation area.
1 and the cultivation soil support member 12 may be removed, so that the withdrawal operation is easy and does not hinder the subsequent cultivation activities. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a high ridge cultivation mode according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a high ridge formation process in the high ridge cultivation shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, a cultivation support member 22 is installed on a tray 21 placed on a ground 20 of a cultivation area, and an embankment 23 is formed so as to cover the cultivation support member 22, and a high ridge 24.
, And plant seedlings 25 planted along the high ridges 24 are grown. The soil cultivation support member 22 is formed of a foamed synthetic resin plate having elasticity, and a drain hole 26 is provided on the bottom surface of the tray 21. The cultivated soil composing the embankment 23 uses the soil of the cultivation area. This allows the ground 20
Since the plant seedlings 25 can be grown on the high ridges 24 that protrude higher, the work in the seated position can be performed as in the case of the first embodiment. Here, a method for forming the high ridges 24 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 4A, when the cultivation support member 22 having a flat plate shape is curved and installed on the tray 21, both ends of the cultivation support member 22 are restrained by both side walls of the tray 21. As shown in FIG. 7, the soil cultivation support member 22 has an inverted U-shaped groove shape. When arranging the tubular body 28 for temperature adjustment, the tubular body 28 is placed on the tray 21 before the cultivation support member 22 is installed. After that, high ridges 24 are formed by performing embankment 23 so as to cover cultivation support member 22. The embankment support member 22 is formed of a foamed synthetic resin plate, has good adhesion to the embankment, and has air permeability and water permeability, so that collapse of the embankment 23 can be prevented. The water content and the air content in 23 can be kept moderate. The soil cultivation support member 22 curved in an inverted U-shaped groove,
Since it is restored to a flat shape by removing it from the tray 21, the storage and storage space when not in use can be relatively small. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a mode of high ridge cultivation according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, after embankment 32 is placed on a tray 31 placed on the ground 30, the surface is covered with a multi-film 33, thereby forming a high ridge 34.
And plant seedlings 35 planted along the high ridges 34 are grown. A drain hole 36 is provided on the bottom surface of the tray 31. Thereby, the plant seedling 35 can be grown on the high ridge 34 projecting higher on the ground 30 than the conventional ridge. The surface of the embankment 32 is covered with the multi-film 33, and the lower surface is the tray 31.
, And is hardly affected by a change in ambient temperature, and temperature management is easy. Since the multi-film 33 is provided with a mesh portion 33a along its longitudinal direction, the multi-film 33 has air permeability and water permeability to the embankment 32, so that the multi-film 33 has an oxygen supply function during cultivation and a water and fertilizer. Excellent permeability. Therefore, during the cultivation period, the humidity and the like in the embankment 32 are appropriately maintained, and the plant seedling 35 grows smoothly, and the yield can be increased. Since the embankment locking portion 33b is provided on the lower surface of the multi-film 33, the collapse of the embankment 32 can be prevented even when the plant seedling 35 is a variety with a large amount of watering or a variety with a long cultivation period. . FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a mode of high ridge cultivation according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a shelf-shaped cultivation support member 42 is installed on a tray 41 placed on the ground 40 of the cultivation area, and an embankment 43 is formed so as to cover the cultivation support member 42 to form a high ridge 44. A plant seedling 45 planted along the high ridge 44 is grown. A drain hole 46 is provided on the bottom surface of the tray 41, and the soil cultivation support member 42 is composed of a plurality of lattice-shaped shelf members 42a and a pair of plate members 42b supporting these. It should be noted that a tubular body 49 for temperature adjustment may be arranged between the plate members 42b. The lattice-shaped shelf 42a has good air permeability and water permeability, so that no extra moisture or the like stays in the embankment 43 and does not hinder the elongation of the plant root 48. Since the cultivation support member 42 has a large cultivation support force, a relatively large high ridge 44 can be formed, which is suitable when the plant seedling 45 is a tall variety. Further, when the cultivation support member 42 is installed on the tray 41, the size and shape of the embankment 43 formed thereon can be changed by changing the angle between the two plate members 42b. Other functions and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a mode of high ridge cultivation according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a tray-shaped cultivation support member 5 is placed on a tray 51 placed on the ground 50 of a cultivation area.
2 and the embankment 5 so as to cover the cultivation support member 52.
3 to form high ridges 54, and plant seedlings 55 planted along the high ridges 54 are grown. A drain hole 56 is provided on the bottom surface of the tray 51, and the soil cultivation support member 52 is composed of a plurality of lattice-shaped shelf members 52a and columns 52b for supporting them. In this case, the same effect as in the case of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 6 can be obtained. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a mode of high ridge cultivation according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a plurality of cultivation soil support blocks 62 are installed on a tray 61 placed on the ground 60 of the cultivation area, and the embankment 63 is formed so as to cover the cultivation soil support blocks 62 to form high ridges 64. Plant seedlings 65 planted along the ridges 64 are grown. A drain hole 66 is provided on the bottom surface of the tray 61, and the soil cultivation support block 62 is formed of vegetable fiber and has water retention and decomposability in soil. Since the cultivation support block 62 has a large pressure resistance, it is suitable for forming a relatively large embankment 63 using a large amount of cultivation. Since the cultivation support block 62 has water retention during the cultivation period, it is effective for maintaining the water content in the embankment 63. Since decomposition in the soil is completed at the end of the cultivation period, there is no need to collect the soil. There is no hindrance to cultivation activities. Other functions, effects, and the like are the same as those in the above-described embodiment. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a mode of high ridge cultivation according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, embankment 74 is performed on a tray 73 supported at a position higher than the ground 72 of the cultivation area by a support 70 and a support member 71, and a high ridge 7 is formed.
5 and plant seedlings 76 planted along the high ridges 75
Has been cultivated. In the present embodiment, the high ridge 75 can be formed at a relatively high position.
Is suitable for a variety of short stature. Other functions, effects, and the like are the same as those in the above-described embodiment. According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. (1) A cultivation support means is set on a tray placed on the ground, and embankment is performed so as to cover the cultivation support means to form a high ridge. Plants can be cultivated in high ridges that protrude higher on the ground than in the soil cultivation ridges, making it possible to work in a seated position, increasing the exposed area of the cultivation soil, improving oxygen supply to the soil, The root elongation region and the nutrient absorption capacity are increased, and the plant seedlings are activated, so that the yield can be increased, and the installation of a large number of cultivation containers and the filling operation of the soil are not required. Since the lower surface of the embankment is in contact with the ground via the tray, it is less affected by a change in ambient temperature, and the temperature can be easily controlled. When potatoes are cultivated, crops can be dug out simply by breaking the embankment, which facilitates the harvesting operation. (2) As a soil cultivation support means, an inverted U-shaped grooved soil cultivation support member, an elastic U-shaped groove-shaped elastic plate-shaped member,
By using a shelf-shaped soil support member, a block body having water retention, etc., the soil can be supported from the inside of the embankment, so high ridges that do not collapse during various operations such as watering, fertilization, disinfection during the cultivation period Can be formed. Reverse U
By using a groove-shaped cultivation support member and an elastic plate material curved in an inverted U-shaped groove, a space in which a temperature-controlling tubular body and the like can be arranged inside the embankment can be formed. Since the elastic plate material curved in the shape of an inverted U-shaped groove is restored to the plate shape when removed from the tray, the storage and storage space when not in use can be relatively small. The shelf-shaped cultivation support member and the water-retaining block have a large cultivation support force, so that a relatively large high ridge can be formed. (3) Embankment and mulching are performed on a tray placed on the ground to form high ridges, and plants are cultivated on the ridges. Plants can be grown on high ridges that protrude high. Since the surface of the embankment is mulched and the lower surface is in contact with the ground via the tray, it is less susceptible to changes in ambient temperature and temperature management becomes easier. (4) By providing a net portion or a porous portion in the film material constituting the mulching, air permeability and water permeability to the embankment are provided, so that the oxygen supply function to the soil and the permeability of moisture, fertilizer, etc. are improved. Since the temperature and the like in the embankment are appropriately maintained, the plant seedlings are activated, and the yield can be increased. (5) The soil cultivation fixing function is enhanced by providing the soil cultivation retaining portion on the inverted U-shaped grooved soil cultivation support member, the elastic plate material curved in the inverted U-shaped groove shape, and the film material constituting the mulching. Therefore, even when plant seedlings with a large amount of watering or plant seedlings with a long cultivation period are cultivated, there is no possibility that the embankment will collapse. (6) Embankment is performed on a tray supported at a position higher than the ground to form high ridges, and plants are cultivated on the high ridges. Also, plant seedlings can be grown on high ridges that protrude above the ground.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a mode of high ridge cultivation of a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an operation state in high ridge cultivation. FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a mode of high ridge cultivation according to a second embodiment. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a ridge formation process in high ridge cultivation. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a mode of high ridge cultivation according to a third embodiment. FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating a mode of high ridge cultivation according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a mode of high ridge cultivation according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 8 is a perspective view illustrating a mode of high ridge cultivation according to a sixth embodiment. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a high ridge cultivation mode according to a seventh embodiment. [Description of Signs] 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 72 Ground 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 73 Tray 11a, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66 Drainage holes 12, 22, 42, 52 soil support members 12a, 33b soil anchors 13, 23, 32, 43, 53, 63, 74 embankments 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 75 high ridges 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 76 Plant seedlings 16, 28, 49 Tubular body 17 Worker 18 Chair 19, 48 Plant root 33 Multi-film 33a Net-like portion 42a, 52a Lattice-shaped shelf 42b Plate 52b Column 62 Cultivation soil support block 70 Column 71 Support member

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims 1] An inverted U-shaped groove on a tray placed on the ground
Cultivation support member, elastic plate material curved in inverted U-shaped groove, shelf shape
Of soil cultivation support member, water-retaining block
By setting up a soil embankment supporting means higher than both sides of the tray by using a slip , forming a high ridge by performing embankment so as to cover the cultivation support means, and cultivating a plant on the ridge High ridge cultivation method.