JP3384218B2 - Recording liquid - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a recording liquid and to it
It relates to the dye used . Specifically, it relates to a recording liquid suitable for ink jet recording and a dye used therefor .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A so-called ink jet recording method has been put into practical use in which droplets of a recording liquid containing a water-soluble dye such as a direct dye or an acid dye are ejected from a minute ejection orifice to perform recording. Regarding this recording liquid, P of electrophotographic paper is used.
Fast fixing to general-purpose office paper such as PC (plain paper copier) paper and fan-hold paper (continuous paper for computers), and good print quality, that is, bleeding In addition to being required to have a clear outline and a good stability during storage as a recording liquid, the solvent that can be used is significantly limited.

On the other hand, dyes for recording liquids have sufficient solubility in the above-mentioned limited solvents and are stable even when stored as recording liquids for a long period of time.
Further, although it is required that the printed image has a high density and is excellent in water resistance and light resistance, it has been difficult to satisfy many of these requirements at the same time. Therefore, various methods (for example, JP-A-61-101574, JP-A-61-101576, JP-A-61-195176) are used.
No. 61-62562, JP-A 61-2477.
71, JP-A-62-156168, JP-A-62-2
46974, JP-A-63-63765, JP-A-63.
-295685, JP-A-1-123866, JP-A-1-240584, JP-A-2-16171, JP-A-3-122171, JP-A-3-203970, JP-A-4-153272). Has been proposed, but has not yet fully satisfied the demands of the market.

Further, JP-A-4-279671 and P
CT International Publication WO 94/16021 describes that a dye having a structure in which two molecules of a monoazo dye having a triazinyl group, which are similar to those of the present invention, are linked via a divalent organic bonding group can be used for inkjet recording. Has been done. However, in the former case, the divalent organic linking group as a linking group is not important, and only a linking group different from the present application such as (substituted) phenylenediamine is exemplified. Since such a linking group is structurally planar, when a dye having such a linking group is used, the color development of a recorded image is poor and the color density is insufficient.

Further, these groups are conjugated, and when such a group is contained, the color tone is deepened, resulting in a strong bluish color tone. Further, as a group linked to a triazinyl group (group represented by Z, group represented by X ₁ or X ₂ in the present application), NHC ₂ H ₄ OH, morpholino group or the like is directly bonded to the triazinyl group by N atom. Is preferred, and the examples are limited to dyes having such a structure. Such dyes also tend to reduce the color saturation of the image.

Further, in the latter, the divalent organic bonding group as a linking group is a (substituted) phenylenediamine or substituted piperazine group different from the present application, and among these, the (substituted) phenylenediamine divalent organic bond. Groups are not preferred for the reasons stated above. Further, when the substituted piperazines are used as the divalent organic bonding group, they are insufficient in light resistance and water resistance as specifically shown in Comparative Example 2 described later.

[0007]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has good print quality even when recorded on plain paper for ink jet recording, writing instruments, etc., and has a high density of recorded images, light resistance and It is an object of the present invention to provide a magenta recording liquid which is excellent in water resistance and color tone of a recorded image and has good stability when stored for a long period of time.

In particular, the magenta dye that has been conventionally used in a recording liquid has a high water resistance, and since the recording material is mainly paper, it has a high affinity for cellulose, that is, a commercially available product having a high directivity. Dyes such as sulfur dyes, azoic dyes, etc. were used, but these have an unclear color tone, and conversely, acid dyes with a clear tone have poor water resistance and magenta that satisfies both the color tone and water resistance. The development of dyes has been desired.

[0009]

The present inventors have confirmed that, when a specific dye is used as a recording liquid component, both the color tone and the water resistance are particularly satisfied and the above object is achieved. The present invention has been achieved. That is, the gist of the present invention resides in a recording liquid containing an aqueous medium and at least one dye whose free acid type is represented by the following general formula (I).

[0010]

[Chemical 7]

[Wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ and R ₆ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms] Group, halogen atom, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group, substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl group, substituted or unsubstituted amino group, nitro group, sulfonate group, sulfonyl group, carboxyl group, Or represents a carboxylic acid ester group, m, n
Represents the numbers 0, 1, or 2, respectively, and X ₁ , X
₂ represents a group of -OR ₇ , R ₇ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms,
It represents an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a cyclohexyl group, or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, and these may have a substituent other than a hydrogen atom, and Y is any of the following general formulas (II) to (V). A single divalent linking group is shown.

[0012]

[Chemical 8]

(In the general formula (II), a and b are 0 to 0, respectively.
Represents a number of 6, and c represents a number of 0 or 1. )

[0014]

[Chemical 9]

(In the general formula (V), Z is a hydrogen atom, or
It represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. )

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention is described in detail below.
The dye used in the present invention is in the form of a free acid as defined in claim 1.
Is represented by the general formula (I). Specifically, in the general formula (I), R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ ,
The substituents represented by R ₅ and R ₆ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms (eg, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, Trifluoromethyl group, dimethylaminomethyl group, etc.), alkoxy group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms (eg, methoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, etc.), halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom,
Bromine atom, etc.), hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group (eg, carbamoyl group,
N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl group, phenylcarbamoyl group, etc.), substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl group (eg, sulfamoyl group, N-methylsulfamoyl group, N-ethylsulfamoyl group, N-ethyl-N-phenyl) Sulfamoyl group, N, N-dimethylsulfamoyl group, p-carboxyphenylsulfamoyl group and the like), substituted or unsubstituted amino group (for example, N-methylamino group, carbamoylamino group, N, N- Diethylamino group, acetylamino group, N-methyl-N-acetylamino group, etc.), nitro group, sulfonate group (eg, phenoxysulfonyl group, etc.), sulfonyl group (eg, hydroxyethylsulfonyl group, benzylsulfonyl group, etc.) ) And carboxylate groups (eg, methoxycarbonyl groups, etc.) And the like.

M and n represent 0, 1 or 2, respectively.
X ₁ and X ₂ each represent a group of —OR ₇ , and the substituents represented by R ₇ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (eg, methyl group). Group, ethyl group, n-butyl group, n-octyl group, ethylhexyl group, isopropyl group, alkyl group such as tert-butyl group), substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms (for example, vinyl group, Allyl group etc.), aryl group (eg phenyl group, 4-nitrophenyl group, 4-butylphenyl group, 4-carboxyphenyl group etc.), aralkyl group (eg benzyl group, phenethyl group etc.), cyclohexyl group, etc. Examples thereof include a nitrogen heterocyclic group (eg, pyridyl group).

Y represents a divalent linking group represented by any of the following general formulas (II) to (V).

[0019]

[Chemical 10]

(In the general formula (II), a and b are 0 to 0, respectively.
Represents a number of 6, and c represents a number of 0 or 1. )

[0021]

[Chemical 11]

(In the general formula (V), Z is a hydrogen atom, or
It represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In the present invention, the dye having a structure in which the number of carboxyl groups is 3 or less in the general formula (I) is generally preferable from the viewpoint of water resistance. In the present invention, m and n are preferably 0 or 1.

When m and n are 0 or 1, at least one of R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ and at least one of R ₄ , R ₅ and R ₆ is preferably a group other than a hydrogen atom. More preferably, when m and n in the general formula (I) are 1, the bonding position of the SO ₃ H group to the phenyl group is substituted at the ortho position with respect to the bonding position of the azo group. It is better to use dyes.

In the general formula (I), when m and n are 0, at least one of R _{1 to} R ₃ and at least one of R _{4 to} R ₆ are hydrogen atoms, and R _{1 to} R _At least one of ₃ and at least one of R _{4 to} R ₆ is a trifluoromethyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl group, a lower alkyl of sulfonic acid (hereinafter, “lower alkyl” means “a carbon number of 1 to 4”). An alkyl group), an sulfonic acid group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a COOH group, or a carboxylic acid lower alkyl ester group, and each group is a phenyl group. It is preferable to use a dye having a structure in which the position of bonding to the group is ortho to the bonding position of the azo group.

On the other hand, in the general formula (I),

[0026]

[Chemical 12]

Dyes of structure are preferred. Further, X ₁ and X ₂ in the general formula (I) are preferably OH groups,

[0028]

[Chemical 13]

Dyes of structure are also preferred. Further, among the dyes represented by the general formula (I), a dye having a bilaterally symmetrical structure is preferably used via a linking group Y whose free acid type is represented by the following general formula (VI). This dye is preferable in terms of color tone, water resistance, and practicality.

[0030]

[Chemical 14]

(Wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₇ , m, Y
Is the same definition as in the general formula (I).) The dye represented by the general formula (I) used in the present invention may be used as it is as a free acid type (structure of the general formula (I)). However, it may be used in a salt form. Further, a dye having a salt type structure in which a part of the free acid group may be used, and the salt type dye and the free acid type dye may be used in combination. An example of such a salt type is N
Examples thereof include salts of alkali metals such as a, Li and K, salts of ammonium which may be substituted with an alkyl group or hydroxyalkyl group, and salts of organic amine. Examples of organic amines include lower alkylamines, hydroxy-substituted lower alkylamines, carboxy-substituted lower alkylamines, and polyamines having 2 to 10 alkyleneimine units having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. In the case of these salt types, the type is not limited to one type, and a plurality of types may be mixed.

Specific examples of these dyes include, for example, the following No. Examples thereof include dyes having the structures shown in (1) to (24).

[0033]

[Chemical 15]

[0034]

[Chemical 16]

[0035]

[Chemical 17]

[0036]

[Chemical 18]

[0037]

[Chemical 19]

[0038]

[Chemical 20]

The dye represented by formula (I) can be produced by a method known per se. For example, the above No. The dye represented by (1) can be produced by the steps (A) to (B). (A) From 2-aminobenzoic acid and 1-amino-8-hydroxy-3,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (H acid), a conventional method [for example, "New dye chemistry" by Yutaka Hosoda (December 21, 1973) (Published by Gihodo, pp. 396-409)], a monoazo compound is produced through a diazotization coupling step.

(B) The obtained monoazo compound is added to a cyanuric chloride suspension while maintaining pH 4 to 6 and temperature 0 to 5 ° C., and the reaction is carried out for several hours. Then, at room temperature, weakly alkaline 1,4-bisaminopropylpiperazine is added to the monoazo compound in a molar ratio of 0.5 to carry out a condensation reaction for several hours. Then, a 25% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is added to 50 to 60 ° C. to carry out a hydrolysis reaction, followed by cooling and salting out with sodium chloride to obtain the target dye.

In the recording liquid of the present invention, as a coloring agent, all the dyes containing at least one dye selected from the dyes represented by the general formula (I) are added in a total amount of 0.5 based on the total weight of the recording liquid. It is preferably contained in a proportion of from 5 to 5% by weight, particularly from 2 to 4% by weight. The solvent used in the present invention includes water and water-soluble organic solvents such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol,
Polyethylene glycol (weight molecular weight about 190-40
0), glycerin, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, thiodiethanol, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene glycol monoallyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 2-pyrrolidone, sulfolane. ,Ethyl alcohol,
It preferably contains isopropanol or the like. These water-soluble organic solvents are usually used in an amount of 1 to the total amount of the recording liquid.
Used in the range of 50% by weight. On the other hand, water is used in the range of 45 to 95% by weight with respect to the total amount of the recording liquid.

The recording liquid of the present invention contains 0.
1-10 wt% urea, preferably 0.5-5 wt% urea,
By adding a compound selected from thiourea, biuret, and semicarbazide, or by adding 0.001 to 5.0% by weight of a surfactant, the quick-drying property after printing and the printing quality can be further improved. it can.

[0043]

EXAMPLES The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples as long as the gist thereof is not exceeded. Example 1 10 parts by weight of diethylene glycol, 3 parts by weight of isopropyl alcohol, No. Dye 3 of (1)
Water was added to parts by weight and the pH was adjusted to 9 with 5% by weight aqueous ammonia to make the total amount 100 parts by weight. This composition was thoroughly mixed and dissolved, and Teflon (registered trademark) having a pore size of 1 μm was dissolved.
After pressure filtration with a filter, degassing was performed with a vacuum pump and an ultrasonic cleaner to prepare a recording liquid.

An ink jet printer (trade name: HG-3000, manufactured by Epson) using the obtained recording liquid
Inkjet recording was carried out on an electrophotographic paper (product of Xerox Co., Ltd.) to obtain a magenta color printed matter having a clear color tone (saturation). The results of various evaluations by the methods (a), (b) and (c) are shown below. (A) Light resistance of recorded image: The recording paper was irradiated with a xenon fade meter (manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.) for 100 hours, but the discoloration and fading after irradiation was small. (B) Water resistance of recorded image: (1) Test method After the recorded image was immersed in tap water for 5 minutes, the bleeding of the image was visually examined. The OD value of the solid printed portion before and after immersion was measured with a Macbeth densitometer (trade name: TR927, product of Macbeth Co.).

(2) Test result The above-mentioned result image had little bleeding. Further, the change in the density of the solid printed portion before and after the immersion was represented by the OD residual rate by the following formula, and was 93.1%. (C) Storage stability of recording liquid: When the recording liquid was sealed in a Teflon (registered trademark) container and stored at 5 ° C. and 60 ° C. for 1 month, the change was examined and precipitation of insoluble matter was observed. There wasn't.

[0046]

[Equation 1] Example 2 5 parts by weight of glycerin, 10 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, No. Water was added to 2.5 parts by weight of the dye of (2), and the pH was adjusted to 9 with an aqueous lithium hydroxide solution so that the total amount was 100 parts by weight. This composition was treated by the method described in Example 1 and recorded. A liquid was prepared. Printing was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 using this recording liquid, and as a result, a magenta color recorded product having a clear color tone (saturation) was obtained. Further, various evaluations according to (a) to (c) of Example 1 were performed on the recorded matter. As a result, good results were obtained as in the case of Example 1. The OD residual rate was 82.1%.

[Examples 3 and 4] Nos. 1 and 2 used in Example 1 were used. Instead of 3 parts by weight of the dye of (1), the N
o. (20) and No. A recording liquid was prepared and printing was carried out by the method of Example 1 except that the dyes of (24) were used, and (a) to (c) of Example 1 were applied to the recorded matter.
Various evaluations were performed. As a result, as in Example 1, good results were obtained. OD residual rate is 9 each
It was 0.1% and 92.2%.

[Embodiment 5] The above-mentioned No. 1 used in Embodiment 1 is used. Instead of 3 parts by weight of the dye of (1), the above No.
The dye of (1) and No. Dye of (20) is 1.5
A recording liquid was prepared and printed by the method of Example 1 except that each part was mixed by weight, and the recorded matter was evaluated in accordance with (a) to (c) of Example 1. . As a result, as in Example 1, good results were obtained. The OD residual rate was 91.9%, respectively.

[Examples 6 to 24] The No. 1 used in Example 1 was used. Instead of the dye of (1), the above No.
(3) -No. (19), No. (21) -No. (2
A recording liquid was prepared and printed by the method of Example 1 except that each of the dyes of 3) was used, and various evaluations according to (a) to (c) of Example 1 were performed on the recorded matter. . As a result, as in Example 1, good results were obtained. In addition, No. OD when using the dye of (3) (Example 6)
The residual rate was 92.1%.

Comparative Example 1 The above-mentioned No. 1 used in Example 1 was used. A recording liquid was prepared and printing was carried out by the method of Example 1 except that the dye having the structure (A) below was used instead of the dye (1). Various evaluations according to a) to (c) were performed.

[0051]

[Chemical 21]

[Comparative Example 2] The above-mentioned No. 1 used in Example 1 was used. Instead of the dye of (1), international publication WO94 / 1
A recording liquid was prepared and printing was carried out by the method of Example 1 except that the dye having the structure (B) below, which was used in Example 2 of 6021, was used. )-(C).

[0053]

[Chemical formula 22]

Comparative Example 3 The above-mentioned No. 1 used in Example 1 was used. Instead of the dye of (1), JP-A-4-27067
A recording liquid was prepared and printing was carried out by the method of Example 1 except that a dye having the structure (C) below, in which Z in the compound described in Example 5 of the publication No. 1 was an OH group, was used. Various evaluations according to (a) to (c) of Example 1 were performed on the recorded matter.

[0055]

[Chemical formula 23]

The results of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are summarized in Table 1 below.

[0057]

[Table 1] In Table 1 above, the evaluation of the color tone is represented by the color saturation of the image,
Specifically, a color difference meter using the CIE1976 (L ^* a ^* b ^* ) color system (trade name: SZ-Σ80, a product of Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.)
The color tone of the recorded image is measured to obtain the values of L ^* , a ^* , and b ^* , and the values are obtained from the values of a ^* and b ^* .

[0058]

[Equation 2]

A value of 60 or more is ◯, and 55 or more is 6
Those with less than 0 were evaluated as Δ, and those with 55 or less were evaluated as x. Regarding the light resistance, ○ indicates that discoloration or fading is hardly recognized by visual observation.
Δ indicates that discoloration and discoloration is slightly observed, and × indicates that discoloration and discoloration is remarkable and not at a practical level. Regarding the water-resistant bleeding, ○ indicates that the bleeding is hardly observed, but the image is slightly recognized, but the outline of the image is slightly blurred, and the decrease in the image density is hardly recognized. △ indicates the bleeding. However, the range of bleeding is small, the decrease in image density is small, x is markedly bleeding, and the range of bleeding is large, and it is difficult to identify the original image portion, indicating a state of not being practical.

Regarding the storage stability, when the recording liquid was taken in a test tube and observed, ◯ represents a state in which no insoluble matter was observed at all, Δ represents a state in which a small amount of insoluble matter was observed, and × represents insoluble matter. , Represents a state that is not at a practical level.

[0061]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The recording liquid of the present invention is used for ink jet recording and writing instruments, and when recorded on plain paper, a clear magenta color recorded matter can be obtained, and its printing density and light resistance In addition to excellent water resistance, it also has good storage stability as a recording liquid.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C09D 11/00-11/20 CA (STN) REGISTRY (STN)

Claims (10)

(57) [Claims] 1. A recording liquid comprising an aqueous medium and at least one dye whose free acid type is selected from the dyes represented by the following general formula (I). [Chemical 1] [Wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ and R ₆ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, halogen atom,
Hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group, substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl group,
A substituted or unsubstituted amino group, nitro group, sulfonic acid ester group, sulfonyl group, carboxyl group, or carboxylic acid ester group, wherein m and n each represent a number of 0, 1, or 2, and X
₁ and X ₂ each represent a —OR ₇ group, R ₇ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group,
A cyclohexyl group or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, which may have a substituent other than a hydrogen atom among these, Y is represented by any one of the following general formulas (II) to (V) A divalent linking group is shown. [Chemical 2] (In the general formula (II), a and b each represent a number of 0 to 6, and c represents a number of 0 or 1.) (In the general formula (V), Z is a hydrogen atom or has 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Represents an alkyl group. )] 2. The method according to claim 1, which contains at least one kind of dye selected from dyes having a structure in which the number of carboxyl groups (COOH groups) is 3 or less in the general formula (I). Recording liquid. 3. In the general formula (I), m and n are 1, and the SO ₃ H group is bonded to the phenyl group at the ortho position with respect to the azo group. The recording liquid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the recording liquid contains at least one dye selected from structural dyes. 4. In the general formula (I), m and n are 0 and R is
_At least one of _{1 to} R ₃ and at least one of R _{4 to} R ₆ are hydrogen atoms, and at least 1 of R _{1 to} R ₃
And at least one of R _{4 to} R ₆ is a trifluoromethyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl group, a sulfonic acid group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms , a COOH group, or a carboxylic acid having 1 carbon atom. To 4 alkyl ester groups, and the position at which the group is bonded to each phenyl group is selected from dyes having a structure that is ortho to the bonding position of the azo group. The recording liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which contains at least one kind of dye. 5. In the general formula (I), The recording liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which contains at least one kind of dye selected from structural dyes. 6. The composition according to claim ₁ , which contains at least one dye having a structure in which the groups represented by X ₁ and X ₂ in the general formula (I) are OH groups. The recording liquid according to any one. 7. In the general formula (I), 7. The recording liquid according to claim 1, further comprising at least one kind of dye selected from structural dyes. 8. In the general formula (I), The recording liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which contains at least one dye selected from structural dyes. 9. At least one dye selected from the dyes represented by the general formula (I) is contained in a proportion of 0.5 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the recording liquid. The recording liquid according to claim 1. 10. A dye for ink jet recording, wherein the type of free acid is represented by the following general formula (I). [Chemical 7] [Wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ and R ₆ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, halogen atom,
Hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group, substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl group,
A substituted or unsubstituted amino group, nitro group, sulfonic acid ester group, sulfonyl group, carboxyl group, or carboxylic acid ester group, wherein m and n each represent a number of 0, 1, or 2, and X
₁ and X ₂ each represent a —OR ₇ group, R ₇ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aralkyl group,
A cyclohexyl group or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, which may have a substituent other than a hydrogen atom among these, Y is represented by any one of the following general formulas (II) to (V) A divalent linking group is shown. [Chemical 8] (In the general formula (II), a and b each represent a number of 0 to 6, and c represents a number of 0 or 1.) (In the general formula (V), Z is a hydrogen atom or has 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Represents an alkyl group. )]