JP3377646B2 - Solid oxide fuel cell module - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power generation layer in a cell laminated in an internal structure, that is, an electrochemical supply of supplied fuel and supplied air to a power generation unit. The present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell (hereinafter referred to as SOFC) module that can maintain an operating temperature required for an electrochemical reaction with heat generated in these power generation units during power generation by a chemical reaction. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a basic configuration of a conventional SOFC module. In the figure, 01 is an internal structure that houses the power generation unit, 02 is a heat insulating material provided to surround the internal structure 01 to prevent the dissipation of heat generated in the power generation unit, and 03 holds the heat insulating material 02, A module outer wall forming the outer structure of the SOFC module, 04 holds a heat insulating material together with the module outer wall 03, a module inner wall forming the SOFC module inner structure, 06 is an air-side regenerative heat exchanger, and 07 is a fuel-side regenerative heat exchange. Vessel 08 is a radiation converter. In such an SOFC module, the operating temperature required for power generation is as high as about 1000 ° C., and the power generation section in the internal structure 01 needs to be maintained at this high temperature. For this reason, in an SOFC module called a self-contained SOFC module, a necessary high operating temperature is generated and held in the internal structure 01 by self-heating generated in the power generation unit during power generation. That is, in order to generate electric power by an electrochemical reaction, the supply fuel SF and the supply air S at normal temperature are used.
When A is supplied into the internal structure 01, the inside of the internal structure 01 may be cooled by these supply gases SF and SA, and the operating temperature may not be maintained. Therefore, the internal structure 0
A fuel-side regenerative heat exchanger 07 is installed in the module inner wall 4 on the upper side of the fuel cell 1, and the normal-temperature supply fuel SF introduced from the outside into the fuel-side regenerative heat exchanger 07 is used for power generation and becomes hot. The exhaust gas EF is heated to about 800 ° C., and an air-side regenerative heat exchanger 06 is installed at the lower end of the module inner wall 04 to supply room-temperature supply air introduced from outside into the air-side regenerative heat exchanger 06. The SA is heated to about 800 ° C. by the high temperature exhaust air EA which is used for power generation in the power generation unit or for cooling the internal structure 01, and the heated supply gas SA, SF is internally heated. It is supplied in the structure 01. Further, as described above, the heat insulating material 02 is disposed between the module outer wall 03 and the module inner wall 04,
By surrounding the internal structure 01 defined inside the module inner wall 04 with the heat insulating material 02, heat is prevented from flowing out from inside the internal structure 01, and the internal structure 01 is kept warm. . On the other hand, the self-heating generated in the power generation unit is caused by the supply air SA flowing through the internal structure 01 and the supply fuel SF.
Through the radiant heat from the air-side regenerative heat exchanger 06 via the radiant heat to the radiant converter 08,
Preheating of the air flowing into the fuel-side regenerative heat exchanger 0
7 and the air-side regenerative heat exchanger 06 are used for preheating the supplied fuel SF and the supplied air SA, and are directly used to enhance the thermal efficiency of the SOFC module. 07 and the exhaust fuel ES and exhaust air EA flowing out of the air-side regenerative heat exchanger 06 are radiated to the outside. Among them, a part of the heat not recovered by the fuel-side regenerative heat exchanger 07 and the air-side regenerative heat exchanger 06 and contained in the exhaust fuel EF and the exhaust air EA and radiated to the outside is partly omitted from the SOFC module. Is collected by an external device constituting the device. However, the heat dissipated from the module outer wall 03 to the outside, which is not used indirectly for improving the thermal efficiency of the SOFC module, is equivalent to 20% of the entire fuel calorific value used for power generation. The amount of heat dissipated from the module outer wall 03 located at the lower part of the structure 01 and the lower surface accounts for about half of the total amount of heat dissipated, significantly affects the thermal efficiency of the SOFC module, and is converted into the amount of electricity of the entire fuel calorific value. That is, this is a cause of obstructing improvement of the power generation efficiency of the SOFC module, which is a characteristic feature. When the heat insulation is reinforced to reduce the heat dissipated from the outer wall 03 of the module in order to increase the thermal efficiency of the SOFC module, the temperature rise of the air in the internal structure 01 increases, and the temperature in the internal structure 01 increases. This raises a new problem that makes it difficult to control the power generation unit within an appropriate operating temperature range. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the conventional SOFC module by setting the power generation unit within an appropriate operating temperature range without increasing the temperature rise in the internal structure. A solid oxide fuel cell module that can be controlled and that can reduce the amount of heat dissipated to the outside from the module outer wall, particularly the module outer wall located below the internal structure, and improve the power generation efficiency of the SOFC module The task is to provide [0010] Therefore, the solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention has the following means. [0011] (1) defined in the upper portion of the heat insulating material in enclosed module inner wall <br/> Internal installed inside the structure in the lower provided with a power generating unit, the hot exhaust air heated by the power generating unit Outside
An upper radiant converter to the exhaust pipe was passed through the discharge, it is arranged with a spacing below the upper radiation converter, the lower surface of the outlet of the pipe for introducing the supply air from outside into the module inner wall
Consists of a lower radiation conversion body was opened, the outer peripheral edge is being inserted into the module inner wall surface supporting lifting, provided with a radiation conversion body formed of porous material having air permeability. [0012] (2) below the lower radiation converter, interposed the first header to equalize the flow of supply air flowing from the lower surface of the lower radiation converter, the outer circumferential edge is inserted into the module inner wall surface supported Te, formed by a porous material having air permeability
A porous body for an air preheater was provided. (3) Piping between the air preheater porous body
Is supplied into the first header, and the second header is interposed to make the flow of most of the supply air flowing through the porous body for preheating air uniform. The second header uniformly introduces the supply air. The supplied air is heated and used for power generation or cooling in the internal structure, and is externalized from the internal structure through the exhaust pipe.
Exhaust air discharged to the air is heated to a temperature close to the operating temperature, and supplied between the upper radiation converter and the lower radiation converter.
Then, the inside of the lower radiation conversion body supplied in the first header is
With the part of the supply air that has passed,
An air-side regenerative heat exchanger supplied to the internal structure through the section was provided at the lower end of the inner wall of the module. The solid oxide fuel cell module of the present invention has the following features:
By the above-described means, the supply air near room temperature, which is introduced by piping below the inner wall of the module, is introduced below the high-temperature heated lower radiation converter in the upper internal structure.
Then, the portion of the feed air introduced below the lower radiation converter, a ceramic material such as a lower radiation converter is formed by a porous material, and likewise formed of a porous material in the internal structure of the upper the interior of the upper portion radiant converter which is heated at a high temperature passes while being heated, it flows into the internal structure of a high temperature. Furthermore, the majority of the supply air introduced below the lower radiant converter is made uniform in the first header and likewise for the high temperature heated air preheater of the upper internal structure. It flows while being heated in the porous body, and flows into the second header below the porous body for the air preheater. The supply air that has flowed into the second header is uniformly accumulated at the second header from the outlet of the porous body for the air preheater.
That is, it is introduced into the air-side regenerative heat exchanger provided at the lower end of the module inner wall. Feed air introduced into the air-side the regenerative heat exchanger is used for power generation in the internal structure, or be used for cooling in the internal structure, is heated in the middle of the exhaust air is discharged to the outside becomes hot, hot Become upper
A first radiant converter and a lower radiant converter.
Supplied in the header, passes through the inside of the lower radiation converter,
Mixed with a part of the supply air that has cooled the radiant converter
Then, it passes through the inside of the upper radiation conversion body and is supplied into the internal structure. As described above, the heat generated in the power generation unit in the internal structure heats the lower radiation conversion body and the air preheating porous body newly installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the module, and raises the temperature to pass through it. Since the supply air was heated extra, and the amount of heat transferred to the outer wall of the module was reduced,
Heat radiation to the outside from the lower part of the module outer wall can be reduced. As a result, the thermal efficiency of the SOFC module is significantly improved, and the power generation efficiency can be increased. In addition, the heat insulation structure of the internal structure is the same as before, and it is used for heating the supply air where the heat dissipated from the lower and lower surfaces of the outer wall of the module is absorbed by the newly installed lower radiation converter and the porous body for air preheating. Therefore, the temperature in the internal structure does not increase, and it does not make it difficult to control an appropriate operating temperature range of the power generation unit. Further, the load on the air-side regenerative heat exchanger, which heats the supply air at room temperature to near the operating temperature, can be reduced by heating the lower radiation conversion body and the porous body for air preheating, thereby achieving compactness. An embodiment of a solid oxide fuel cell module according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a basic configuration of one embodiment of the solid oxide fuel cell module of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an internal structure which is defined in the module inner wall 10 and accommodates the power generation unit, and 2 denotes a space filled between the module outer wall 3 and the module inner wall 10 to generate heat inside the internal structure. Insulation to prevent radiation to the surface, 4
Is an upper radiation conversion body whose outer peripheral edge is inserted and supported on the inner surface of the module inner wall 10, and is disposed in contact with the upper surface of the bottom surface of the internal structure 1 like the radiation conversion body 08 shown in FIG. Reference numeral 5 denotes a lower radiation conversion body which is similarly supported by inserting the outer peripheral edge thereof into the inner surface of the module inner wall 10, and is disposed below the upper radiation conversion body 4 with an interval provided therebetween. A radiation converter 6 is formed by the upper radiator 4 and the lower radiator 5,
The supply air SA is heated by the high temperature of the internal structure 1 and is heated. The radiation conversion body 6 is made of a porous ceramic body and has a structure through which a gas such as supply air SA can pass. Reference numeral 7 denotes a lower radiation converter 5 whose outer peripheral edge is inserted into the inner surface of the module inner wall 10 like the radiation converter 6.
A porous body for air preheating installed at intervals below the
Similarly, it is formed of a material through which gas can pass. Reference numeral 8 denotes a first header provided between the lower radiation conversion body 5 and the porous body 7 for air preheating. The first header 8 uniformly supplies the supply air SA introduced below the lower radiation conversion body 5 from the outside via the pipe 11. It is made to flow into the porous body 7 for air preheating. Reference numeral 9 denotes a second header provided below the air preheating porous body 7, which uniformly collects supply air passing through the air preheating porous body 7 so as to form a uniform flow. Reference numeral 12 denotes an air-side regenerative heat exchanger disposed at the lower end inside the module inner wall 10, an air inlet for introducing the supply air SA accumulated in the second header 9 into the inside, and the inside of the internal structure 1. The exhaust air EA that has been heated by power generation or cooling is provided through an exhaust pipe 13 provided through the radiant converter 6 and the air preheating porous body 7, and the introduced supply air is exhausted air. The EA is heated to a high temperature. Further, the air-side regenerative heat exchanger 12 supplies the heated supply air SA with an air discharge pipe 14 for discharging between the upper radiant converter 4 and the lower radiant converter 5, and an air for discharging into the second header 9. Discharge pipe 15 and supply air S
An exhaust discharge pipe 16 is provided for exhausting the exhaust air EA having heated A. In the upper part of the module inner wall 10,
A normal temperature supply fuel SF similar to that shown in FIG. 2 was introduced, and the exhaust fuel EF heated by power generation in the internal structure 1 was used.
A fuel-side regenerative heat exchanger 17 for heating to about 800 ° C. is provided. The present embodiment is configured as described above, and the supply air SA from the outside flows in below the newly installed lower radiation converter 4 and partially passes through the lower radiation converter 5. It flows into the upper radiation conversion body 4. At the time of the rise, the heat radiation from the internal structure 1 is absorbed, the temperature becomes high, the heat transfer to the lower part of the module inner wall 10 is reduced, and the heat radiation from the module outer wall 3 to the outside is reduced. Most of the remaining part is the lower radiation converter 4.
After being uniformly distributed by the first header 8 provided under the air-cooling device 1 and further preheated by the air preheating porous body 7, it flows into the air-side regenerative heat exchanger 12. In the air-side regenerative heat exchanger 12,
Further, the supply air SA preheated by the exhaust air EA flows below the existing upper radiant converter 4, and together with the supply air SA passing through the lower radiator 5, the upper radiant converter 4.
, The temperature further rises, enters the internal structure 1, reacts with the supplied fuel SF in the power generation unit, generates power, and generates heat.
The self-heating of the power generation unit keeps the power generation unit of the internal structure 1 at a high temperature, is efficiently used for heating the supply air SA flowing in the internal structure 1, and the other is radiated from the module outer wall 3. As described above, the supply air SA is preheated by the newly provided lower radiation converter 5 and the air preheating porous body 7,
By heating the supply air SA more than in the conventional apparatus to remove heat, the heat dissipated from the module outer wall 3 located below the internal structure 1 can be reduced, and the efficiency of the module can be improved. In addition, by using the dissipated heat for preheating the supply air SA, the capacity of the air-side regenerative heat exchanger 12 can be reduced, and the size can be reduced. As described above, according to the solid oxide fuel cell module of the present invention, the power generation unit having the power generation layer for generating power according to the configuration shown in the claims is provided.
It can be controlled to an appropriate operating temperature range,
The amount of heat dissipated from the outer wall of the module to the outside and not contributing to the improvement of the power generation efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell can be reduced. Thus, a solid oxide fuel cell module having excellent thermal efficiency can be obtained.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a basic configuration of one embodiment of a solid oxide fuel cell module of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a basic configuration of a conventional solid oxide fuel cell module. FIG. [Description of Signs] 1 Internal structure 2 Insulation material 3 Module outer wall 4 Upper radiation converter 5 Lower radiation converter 6 Radiation converter 7 Air preheating porous body 8 First header 9 Second header 10 Module inner wall 11 Pipe 12 Air side regenerative heat exchanger 13 Exhaust pipes 14, 15 Air exhaust pipe 16 Exhaust exhaust pipe 17 Fuel side regenerative heat exchanger

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Katsumi Nagata 1-1, Akunouramachi, Nagasaki City Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Nagasaki Shipyard (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H01M 8/04 -8/24

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] An upper part inside a module inner wall surrounded by a heat insulating material
The heat generated by the electrochemical reaction between supply fuel and supply air supplied to the power generation unit provided in the internal structure partitioned into
In the solid oxide fuel cell module to perform the maintaining the operating temperature power generation, discharge the installed inside structure in the lower side, the exhaust air of the heated high temperature by the power generating unit
And maintain the internal structure at the operating temperature required for power generation.
Upper radiation converter the exhaust pipe was passed through, and is Installation provided apart in the upper radiation converter bottom side was opened an outlet pipe for transferring to the supply the module inner wall from the outside air to the lower surface It is formed of a lower radiation conversion body, is inserted into the inner wall of the module , and is formed of a porous body having air permeability.
And a radiation converter, wherein the first header is inserted into the module inner wall interposed lower radiation converter bottom side, ventilation
And air pre dexterity porous body formed of a porous body having said between the air preheater dexterity porous body interposed a second header disposed in said module inner wall within the lower end, before the said pipe
The inside of the porous body for the air preheater is supplied into the first header.
Most of the supply air introduced through the
The exhaust air discharged from the internal structure through the exhaust pipe to the outside is introduced and heated, and the upper radiation conversion body and the upper radiation converter are heated.
Supply between the lower radiation converter and the first header.
Of the supply air supplied and passed through the lower radiation conversion body
A solid oxide fuel cell module, comprising: an air-side regenerative heat exchanger that, together with a part thereof, passes through the upper radiation conversion body and supplies the internal structure.