JP3377638B2 - Fixed bed gasifier and gasification method for organic waste - Google Patents
Fixed bed gasifier and gasification method for organic wasteInfo
- Publication number
- JP3377638B2 JP3377638B2 JP01119195A JP1119195A JP3377638B2 JP 3377638 B2 JP3377638 B2 JP 3377638B2 JP 01119195 A JP01119195 A JP 01119195A JP 1119195 A JP1119195 A JP 1119195A JP 3377638 B2 JP3377638 B2 JP 3377638B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- room
- organic waste
- furnace
- residue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は廃タイヤ、廃プラスチッ
クスなどの有機系廃棄物をガス化するための固定床ガス
化炉及びそれを用いた有機系廃棄物のガス化方法、特に
有機系廃棄物を原料としてカーボンブラックを製造する
際のガス化装置として好適な固定床ガス化炉及びそれを
用いた有機系廃棄物のガス化方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fixed bed gasification furnace for gasifying organic waste such as waste tires and waste plastics, and a method for gasifying organic waste using the same, especially organic waste. The present invention relates to a fixed bed gasification furnace suitable as a gasifier when producing carbon black from waste as a raw material and a method for gasifying organic waste using the same.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来の廃タイヤ、廃プラスチックスなど
の有機系廃棄物をガス化するための固定床ガス化炉の１
例を図２に示す。図２の固定床ガス化炉３１において、
上部より供給される有機系廃棄物３２は、下部の残渣中
の固定炭素の部分燃焼により発生した熱により揮発分が
熱分解、ガス化され、固定炭素を主成分とする残渣３３
となる。残渣３３中の固定炭素は、バルブ３４を経て目
皿３５の下部に供給される酸素含有ガスと水蒸気を混合
したガス化剤３６により部分燃焼、ガス化すると共に、
揮発分が熱分解するのに必要な熱を供給する。揮発分が
熱分解、ガス化したガスと固定炭素がガス化したガスは
合流し、有機系廃棄物ガス化ガス３７として取り出され
る。このときの反応は次の式（１）、（２）及び（３）
のとおりである。2. Description of the Related Art A conventional fixed bed gasification furnace for gasifying organic waste such as waste tires and waste plastics.
An example is shown in FIG. In the fixed bed gasifier 31 of FIG.
In the organic waste 32 supplied from the upper portion, the volatile components are thermally decomposed and gasified by the heat generated by the partial combustion of the fixed carbon in the lower residue, and the residue 33 containing fixed carbon as a main component 33.
Becomes The fixed carbon in the residue 33 is partially combusted and gasified by a gasifying agent 36 that is a mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and water vapor supplied to the lower part of a perforated plate 35 via a valve 34.
It supplies the heat required for the volatile matter to undergo thermal decomposition. The gas in which the volatile components are thermally decomposed and gasified and the gas in which fixed carbon is gas are merged and taken out as an organic waste gasification gas 37. The reaction at this time is represented by the following equations (1), (2) and (3)
It is as follows.
【０００３】[0003]
【化１】 Ｃ＋Ｏ2 → ＣＯ＋ＣＯ2 ＋Ｑ1 （発熱） （１） （固定炭素の部分燃焼、ガス化による反応熱の供給） Ｃ＋Ｈ2 Ｏ → ＣＯ＋Ｈ2 −Ｑ3 （吸熱） （２） （固定炭素と水蒸気との反応によるガス化） Ｃn Ｈm → Ｃn1Ｈm1−Ｑ2 （吸熱） （３） （ｎ＞ｎ1 ，ｍ＞ｍ1 ） （揮発分の熱分解、ガス化）[Chemical formula 1] C + O 2 → CO + CO 2 + Q 1 (heat generation) (1) (Partial combustion of fixed carbon, supply of reaction heat by gasification) C + H 2 O → CO + H 2 -Q 3 (endotherm) (2) (fixed carbon gasification by reaction with steam) C n H m → C n1 H m1 -Q 2 ( endothermic) (3) (n> n1 , m> m1) ( volatiles pyrolysis, gasification)
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】有機系廃棄物のガス化
ガスをカーボンブラックの原料として使用する場合、ガ
ス化炉から発生するガスをカーボン生成燃焼炉に導き、
低酸素状態で燃焼させ、カーボンブラックを生成させ
る。このとき、低分子成分のガスは主として酸素と反応
して燃焼し、高温場を形成する。そして高分子炭化水素
ガスは高温場で脱水素、重縮合を繰り返しながら成長し
カーボンブラックとなる。すなわち、カーボンブラック
の歩留りを高くするためには、有機系廃棄物のガス化ガ
ス中におけるカーボンブラックの原料となるナフタレン
（Ｃ10Ｈ8 ）やアントラセン（Ｃ14Ｈ 10）などの芳香族
炭化水素を含む高分子炭化水素ガスを多く発生させる必
要があり、そのための揮発分の熱分解温度は５００〜７
００℃程度が適正である。熱分解温度が７００℃を超え
ると揮発分中のＣ−Ｃ結合が細かく切断され、メタン
（ＣＨ4 ）、エタン（Ｃ2 Ｈ6 ）、エチレン（Ｃ
2 Ｈ4 ）などの低分子炭化水素となり、５００℃未満で
は熱分解が十分に進行しない。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Gasification of organic waste
When using gas as a raw material for carbon black,
The gas generated from the gasification furnace is introduced to the carbon-producing combustion furnace,
Combustion in low oxygen conditions to produce carbon black
It At this time, the gas of low molecular components mainly reacts with oxygen.
Then, it burns and forms a high temperature field. And high molecular hydrocarbons
The gas grows by repeating dehydrogenation and polycondensation at high temperature.
It becomes carbon black. That is, carbon black
In order to increase the yield of organic waste, gasification of organic waste
Naphthalene as a raw material for carbon black
(CTenH8) And anthracene (C14H Ten) Such as aromatic
It is necessary to generate a large amount of polymeric hydrocarbon gas containing hydrocarbons.
Therefore, the thermal decomposition temperature of volatile matter for that is 500 to 7
A temperature of about 00 ° C is appropriate. Pyrolysis temperature exceeds 700 ℃
Then, the C-C bond in the volatile matter is finely cut, and methane
(CHFour), Ethane (C2H6), Ethylene (C
2HFour) And other low molecular weight hydrocarbons,
Pyrolysis does not proceed sufficiently.
【０００５】このようにカーボンブラックの原料として
好ましい組成のガスを得るためには適正な温度管理が必
要である。従来の固定床ガス化炉では、通常ガス化剤全
体の供給量を炉内の有機系廃棄物の層高により制御する
ようにしているため、次のような問題点があった。有機
系廃棄物の供給量が変動すると、層高の変化に時間遅れ
があるため、ガス化剤供給量の変化も遅れ、ガス化剤／
有機系廃棄物の比がアンバランスとなる。その結果、前
記（１）、（２）式による固定炭素の部分燃焼、ガス化
による熱の供給もアンバランスとなるためガス化炉内温
度が変動し、（３）式による揮発分の熱分解温度が変動
して適正範囲を外れる場合がある。すなわち、有機系廃
棄物の供給量が減少するとガス化剤／有機系廃棄物の比
が一時的に過多となり、熱分解温度が上昇する。逆に有
機系廃棄物の供給量が増加するとガス化剤／有機系廃棄
物の比が一時的に過少となり、熱分解温度が低下する。
その結果、発生する有機系廃棄物ガス化ガスの性状が変
動し、これを使用するカーボンブラック製造工程などの
後続のプロセスの運転が不安定となる。As described above, proper temperature control is required to obtain a gas having a preferable composition as a raw material for carbon black. In the conventional fixed bed gasification furnace, since the supply amount of the entire gasifying agent is usually controlled by the height of the organic waste layer in the furnace, there are the following problems. When the supply amount of organic waste fluctuates, there is a time delay in the change in the bed height, and therefore the change in the gasification agent supply amount also delays.
The ratio of organic waste is unbalanced. As a result, the partial combustion of fixed carbon according to the equations (1) and (2) and the heat supply due to gasification also become unbalanced, so the temperature inside the gasification furnace fluctuates, and the thermal decomposition of the volatile matter according to equation (3) occurs. The temperature may fluctuate and fall outside the proper range. That is, when the supply amount of the organic waste is reduced, the ratio of the gasifying agent / the organic waste is temporarily excessive and the pyrolysis temperature rises. On the contrary, when the supply amount of the organic waste increases, the ratio of gasifying agent / organic waste temporarily becomes too small and the thermal decomposition temperature lowers.
As a result, the properties of the generated organic waste gasification gas fluctuate, and the operation of subsequent processes such as a carbon black manufacturing process using the same becomes unstable.
【０００６】本発明はこのような従来技術における問題
点を解決し、有機系廃棄物の供給量の変動に起因する炉
内温度の変動幅を少なくし、安定した熱分解温度を維持
することができる固定床ガス化炉及びそれを用いた有機
系廃棄物のガス化方法を提供することを目的とする。The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, reduces the fluctuation range of the temperature in the furnace due to the fluctuation of the supply amount of organic waste, and maintains a stable pyrolysis temperature. An object of the present invention is to provide a fixed bed gasification furnace that can be used and a method for gasifying organic waste using the same.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は
（１）有機系廃棄物を投入し、ガス化剤を供給してガス
化する固定床ガス化炉において、炉内が炉の外壁を構成
する縦方向に配置された外筒内に設置された内筒により
下部で連通するＡ室とＢ室とに分割されており、Ａ室で
は下方で固定炭素を主成分とする残渣をガス化剤と反応
させて燃焼あるいはガス化したガスにより供給した有機
系廃棄物中の揮発分の大部分を熱分解・ガス化し、Ａ室
で燃焼あるいはガス化されなかった固定炭素を主成分と
する残渣をＢ室に導入し、Ｂ室においてガス化剤と反応
させて燃焼あるいはガス化するように構成されており、
Ａ室における炉内温度を検出し、その温度によりＡ室へ
のガス化剤供給量を制御する手段と、Ａ室における有機
系廃棄物の層高を検出し、その層高によりＢ室へのガス
化剤供給量を制御する手段と、Ｂ室における残渣の層高
を検出し、その層高によりＡ室からＢ室への残渣の導入
量を制御する手段とを備えてなることを特徴とする固定
床ガス化炉、
（２）固定床ガス化炉内に有機系廃棄物を投入し、ガス
化剤を供給してガス化する有機系廃棄物のガス化方法に
おいて、炉内が炉の外壁を構成する縦方向に配置された
外筒内に設置された内筒により下部で連通するＡ室とＢ
室とに分割されており、Ａ室では下方で固定炭素を主成
分とする残渣をガス化剤と反応させて燃焼あるいはガス
化したガスにより供給した有機系廃棄物中の揮発分の大
部分を熱分解・ガス化し、Ａ室で燃焼あるいはガス化さ
れなかった固定炭素を主成分とする残渣をＢ室に導入
し、Ｂ室においてガス化剤と反応させて燃焼あるいはガ
ス化するように構成された固定床ガス化炉を使用し、Ａ
室における炉内温度を検出してその温度によりＡ室への
ガス化剤供給量を制御し、Ａ室における有機系廃棄物の
層高を検出してその層高によりＢ室へのガス化剤供給量
を制御し、かつ、Ｂ室における残渣の層高を検出してそ
の層高によりＡ室からＢ室への残渣の導入量を制御しな
がらガス化することを特徴とする有機系廃棄物のガス化
方法、である。According to the present invention, (1) in a fixed bed gasification furnace in which organic waste is charged and a gasifying agent is supplied to gasify, the inside of the furnace constitutes the outer wall of the furnace.
By the inner cylinder installed in the outer cylinder arranged in the vertical direction
It is divided into a room A and a room B communicating at the bottom.
Reacts the residue containing fixed carbon as a main component with the gasifying agent below
Organic supplied by gas that is burned or gasified
Most of the volatile components in the system waste are pyrolyzed and gasified, and A room
Mainly composed of fixed carbon that was not burned or gasified in
The residue is introduced into chamber B and reacts with the gasifying agent in chamber B.
Is configured to burn or gasify,
A means for detecting the temperature in the furnace in the A chamber and controlling the amount of gasifying agent supplied to the A chamber by the temperature, and detecting the bed height of the organic waste in the A room, and detecting the bed height to the B room A means for controlling the gasifying agent supply amount and a means for detecting the layer height of the residue in the B chamber and controlling the introduction amount of the residue from the A chamber to the B chamber by the layer height. (2) In the method for gasifying organic waste, in which the organic waste is put into the fixed bed gasification furnace and gasified by supplying a gasifying agent, the inside of the furnace is Arranged in the vertical direction that constitutes the outer wall
Room A and B that communicate with each other at the bottom by the inner cylinder installed in the outer cylinder
It is divided into a room and room A, and in room A, fixed carbon is mainly formed at the bottom.
Combustion or gas
Large amount of volatiles in organic waste supplied by the converted gas
Part is pyrolyzed and gasified and burned or gasified in the A chamber
Introduced into the chamber B the residue that has not been fixed carbon as the main component
Then, in room B, it reacts with the gasifying agent to burn or gas.
Using a fixed bed gasifier configured to
The temperature inside the furnace in the chamber is detected, and the gasifier supply amount to the chamber A is controlled by the temperature, the bed height of the organic waste in the room A is detected, and the gasifier to the room B is detected by the bed height. An organic waste characterized by controlling the supply amount, detecting the bed height of the residue in the B chamber, and controlling the introduction amount of the residue from the A chamber to the B chamber by the bed height to be gasified. The gasification method of.
【０００８】本発明の固定床ガス化炉は、炉内が原料を
供給し主として原料中の揮発分を熱分解・ガス化させる
Ａ室と、Ａ室で揮発分の大部分が熱分解・ガス化されて
残った固定炭素を主成分とする残渣を導入して燃焼ある
いはガス化させるＢ室との２室に分割されている。原料
である有機系廃棄物はＡ室に投入され、下方で固定炭素
を主成分とする残渣が、供給されるガス化剤と反応して
燃焼あるいはガス化したガスにより５００〜７００℃に
加熱され、揮発分の大部分が熱分解・ガス化される。揮
発分の大部分が熱分解・ガス化された後の固定炭素を主
成分とする残渣は、ガス化炉の下部でＡ室と連通してい
るＢ室に移動し、ガス化剤を供給され１０００〜１５０
０℃で燃焼あるいはガス化される。Ａ室から出る揮発分
の熱分解・ガス化ガスを主体とするガスとＢ室から出る
残渣の燃焼、ガス化ガスを主体とするガスはガス化炉内
の上部で混合され、有機系廃棄物のガス化ガスとして取
出される。In the fixed bed gasification furnace of the present invention, the inside of the furnace supplies the raw material and mainly pyrolyzes and gasifies the volatile components in the raw material, and most of the volatile components in the A chamber are pyrolyzed and gasified. It is divided into two chambers, a B chamber for introducing and burning or gasifying the residue containing the fixed carbon remaining after being liquefied. The organic waste, which is a raw material, is put into the chamber A, and the residue containing fixed carbon as a main component is heated to 500 to 700 ° C. by the gas combusted or gasified by reacting with the supplied gasifying agent in the lower part. Most of the volatiles are pyrolyzed and gasified. Most of the volatile matter is pyrolyzed and gasified, and the residue containing fixed carbon as the main component moves to the B chamber communicating with the A chamber in the lower part of the gasification furnace and is supplied with the gasifying agent. 1000-150
Combusted or gasified at 0 ° C. Gases mainly composed of pyrolysis / gasification gas of volatiles from room A and combustion of residue from room B, gas mainly composed of gasification gas are mixed in the upper part of the gasification furnace, and organic waste Is taken out as a gasification gas of.
【０００９】Ａ室及びＢ室に供給するガス化剤として
は、空気、酸素、酸素富化空気などの酸素含有ガス及び
／又は水蒸気を使用する。通常は、Ａ室には酸素含有ガ
スを、Ｂ室には酸素含有ガスと水蒸気の混合ガスを供給
するのが好ましい。As the gasifying agent supplied to the chambers A and B, oxygen-containing gas such as air, oxygen, oxygen-enriched air and / or steam is used. Usually, it is preferable to supply the oxygen-containing gas to the chamber A and the mixed gas of the oxygen-containing gas and steam to the chamber B.
【００１０】本発明のガス化炉においては、Ａ室及びＢ
室へのガス化剤の供給量並びにＡ室からＢ室への残渣の
導入量を制御することにより、適切な温度範囲でのガス
化が行えるようにしている。すなわち、ガス化炉の運転
中は、Ａ室における炉内温度を検出してその温度により
Ａ室へのガス化剤供給量を制御し、Ａ室における有機系
廃棄物の層高を検出してその層高によりＢ室へのガス化
剤供給量を制御し、かつ、Ｂ室における残渣の層高を検
出してその層高によりＡ室からＢ室への残渣の導入量を
制御しながらガス化する。In the gasification furnace of the present invention, chamber A and B
By controlling the supply amount of the gasifying agent to the chamber and the introduction amount of the residue from the A chamber to the B chamber, gasification can be performed in an appropriate temperature range. That is, during the operation of the gasification furnace, the temperature inside the furnace in the chamber A is detected, the amount of the gasifying agent supplied to the chamber A is controlled by the temperature, and the bed height of the organic waste in the chamber A is detected. The amount of gasifying agent supplied to the B chamber is controlled by the bed height, and the bed height of the residue in the B chamber is detected to control the introduction amount of the residue from the A room to the B chamber by the bed height. Turn into.
【００１１】[0011]
【作用】ガス化炉内への有機系廃棄物の供給量が減少す
ると、Ａ室内の有機系廃棄物の層高が低くなるとともに
酸素／有機系廃棄物の比が一時的に過大となり、熱分解
・ガス化温度が上昇する。そこでＡ室の炉内温度を常時
計測しておき、炉内温度の上昇に応じてＡ室に供給する
ガス化剤の量を減少させて温度の上昇を抑制する。[Function] When the supply amount of the organic waste into the gasification furnace is reduced, the height of the organic waste in the chamber A becomes low, and the oxygen / organic waste ratio becomes temporarily excessive, resulting in heat generation. Decomposition / gasification temperature rises. Therefore, the temperature inside the furnace of the chamber A is constantly measured, and the amount of the gasifying agent supplied to the chamber A is reduced according to the increase in the temperature inside the chamber to suppress the temperature rise.
【００１２】Ａ室に供給するガス化剤の量が減少すると
有機系廃棄物の層が高くなるので、Ｂ室に供給するガス
化剤の量を増加させて固定炭素を主成分とする残渣のガ
ス化速度を増大させ、それによりＢ室内の残渣層の高さ
が低くなるので、Ａ室からＢ室への残渣の移動速度を増
加させることによりＡ室内の有機系廃棄物の層高を低く
することができる。Ａ室内の有機系廃棄物の層が低くな
ってきたらＢ室に供給するガス化剤量を減少させること
により、最終的には安定した運転ができるようになる。When the amount of the gasifying agent supplied to the chamber A is reduced, the layer of the organic waste becomes high. Therefore, the amount of the gasifying agent supplied to the chamber B is increased to remove the residue of fixed carbon as a main component. Since the gasification rate is increased, and the height of the residue layer in the B chamber is lowered, the bed height of the organic waste in the A chamber is lowered by increasing the moving speed of the residue from the A chamber to the B chamber. can do. When the organic waste layer in the chamber A becomes low, the amount of gasifying agent supplied to the chamber B is reduced to allow stable operation in the end.
【００１３】逆にガス化炉内への有機系廃棄物の供給量
が増加すると、Ａ室の有機系廃棄物の層高が高くなると
ともに酸素／有機系廃棄物の比が一時的に過少となり、
熱分解・ガス化温度が低下する。そこでＡ室の炉内温度
の低下に応じてＡ室に供給するガス化剤の量を増加させ
て温度の低下を抑制する。On the contrary, when the supply amount of the organic waste into the gasification furnace is increased, the height of the organic waste in the chamber A is increased and the oxygen / organic waste ratio is temporarily too small. ,
Pyrolysis / gasification temperature decreases. Therefore, the amount of the gasifying agent supplied to the chamber A is increased in accordance with the decrease in the temperature inside the furnace in the chamber A to suppress the decrease in temperature.
【００１４】Ａ室に供給するガス化剤の量が増加すると
有機系廃棄物の層が低くなるので、Ｂ室に供給するガス
化剤の量を減少させて固定炭素を主成分とする残渣のガ
ス化速度を低下させ、それによりＢ室内の残渣層の高さ
が高くなるので、Ａ室からＢ室への残渣の移動速度を低
下させることによりＡ室内の有機系廃棄物の層高を高く
することができる。Ａ室内の有機系廃棄物の層が高くな
ってきたらＢ室に供給するガス化剤量を増加させること
により、最終的には安定した運転ができるようになる。When the amount of the gasifying agent supplied to the chamber A is increased, the layer of the organic waste is lowered. Therefore, the amount of the gasifying agent supplied to the chamber B is decreased to remove the residue containing fixed carbon as a main component. Since the gasification rate is decreased, and the height of the residue layer in the B chamber is increased, the layer height of the organic waste in the A chamber is increased by decreasing the moving speed of the residue from the A chamber to the B chamber. can do. When the layer of organic waste in the room A becomes higher, the amount of the gasifying agent supplied to the room B is increased so that stable operation can be finally achieved.
【００１５】このように本発明のガス化炉によれば、有
機系廃棄物の供給量が変動してもガス化炉内の温度をほ
ぼ一定に保つことができ、その結果揮発分の熱分解温度
もほぼ一定に保持されるので、性状の安定した高分子炭
化水素成分の含有割合の大きい有機系廃棄物ガス化ガス
を発生させることができる。本発明のガス化炉及びそれ
を用いた有機系廃棄物のガス化方法は、有機系廃棄物を
原料としてカーボンブラックを製造するプロセスにおけ
るガス化炉として好適なものであるが、有機系廃棄物や
石炭をガス化し、燃料油や可燃性ガスなどを回収するた
めの固定床ガス化炉としても好適である。As described above, according to the gasification furnace of the present invention, the temperature in the gasification furnace can be kept substantially constant even if the supply amount of the organic waste changes, and as a result, the thermal decomposition of the volatile matter. Since the temperature is also kept substantially constant, it is possible to generate an organic waste gasification gas having a stable content of a high-molecular hydrocarbon component in a large proportion. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The gasification furnace of the present invention and the method for gasifying organic waste using the same are suitable as a gasification furnace in a process for producing carbon black from an organic waste as a raw material. It is also suitable as a fixed bed gasification furnace for gasifying coal and coal and recovering fuel oil and combustible gas.
【００１６】[0016]
【実施例】以下実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説
明する。
（実施例）図１は本発明の固定床ガス化炉の１例を示す
概念図である。この固定床ガス化炉１は、該固定床ガス
化炉１の外壁を構成する外筒３の内側に、緩やかに傾斜
した回転可能な円錐形の目皿４とその上にＡ室５を形成
する内筒２とを有し、内筒２の断面積と内筒２と外筒３
との間の部分（Ｂ室６）の断面積の比がほぼ１：１とな
るように設定されている。目皿４の下部もＡ室５及びＢ
室６に対応してＡ１室７とＢ１室８とに区分されてお
り、Ａ１室７にはバルブ１１を介して空気９が供給さ
れ、Ｂ１室８にはバルブ１２を介して酸素と水蒸気を混
合した混合ガス１０が供給される。The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. (Example) FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a fixed bed gasification furnace of the present invention. In this fixed bed gasification furnace 1, a gently inclined slanted conical shaped perforated plate 4 and an A chamber 5 are formed inside an outer cylinder 3 forming the outer wall of the fixed bed gasification furnace 1. The inner cylinder 2, and the cross-sectional area of the inner cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 3.
The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the portion (B chamber 6) between and is set to be approximately 1: 1. The lower part of the plate 4 is also in the chambers A and B.
It is divided into an A1 chamber 7 and a B1 chamber 8 corresponding to the chamber 6, air 9 is supplied to the A1 chamber 7 via a valve 11, and oxygen and water vapor are supplied to the B1 chamber 8 via a valve 12. Mixed gas mixture 10 is supplied.
【００１７】この固定床ガス化炉１には、Ａ室５内の有
機系廃棄物２５の層高及びＢ室６内の残渣２６の層高を
測定する手段として超音波式レベル計１３及び１４が、
また、Ａ室５内の温度を測定する手段として熱電対１５
が設置されており、これらの超音波式レベル計１３、１
４及び熱電対１５からの信号を受けてバルブ１１及び１
２の開閉度、目皿４を回転させるモータ２０に直結した
無段変速機１９を調整する制御装置１６が設置されてい
る。なお、図１では制御器１６は一つの装置でバルブ１
１、１２の開閉度及び無段変速機１９を制御する形で示
されているが、制御装置を個別に設置しそれぞれバルブ
１１、１２及び無段変速機１９を制御する形としてもよ
いことはもちろんである。In this fixed bed gasification furnace 1, ultrasonic level meters 13 and 14 are used as means for measuring the bed height of the organic waste 25 in the A chamber 5 and the bed height of the residue 26 in the B chamber 6. But,
Further, as a means for measuring the temperature in the A chamber 5, a thermocouple 15
Is installed, these ultrasonic level meters 13, 1
4 and thermocouple 15 receive signals from valves 11 and 1
A control device 16 for adjusting the open / close degree of 2 and the continuously variable transmission 19 directly connected to the motor 20 for rotating the plate 4 is installed. It should be noted that in FIG.
Although the open / close degrees of 1 and 12 and the continuously variable transmission 19 are controlled, the control device may be separately installed to control the valves 11 and 12 and the continuously variable transmission 19, respectively. Of course.
【００１８】この固定床ガス化炉１を使用して有機系廃
棄物の代表例の一つである廃タイヤ（揮発分７０％、固
定炭素３０％）のガス化試験を行った。チップ状に切断
された廃タイヤ（有機系廃棄物）２１はフィーダ２２を
介して投入口２３からＡ室に供給され、目皿４の上に廃
タイヤの層を形成する。そして廃タイヤ層の上部の揮発
分熱分解域２３で揮発分が熱分解、ガス化し、固定炭素
を主成分とする残渣２６が下方に移動し、一部が固定炭
素部分燃焼域２４でＡ１室７から供給される空気９によ
り部分燃焼、ガス化する。残る部分は目皿４の回転に伴
いＢ室６に移動し、Ｂ１室８から供給されるガス化剤と
しての酸素と水蒸気との混合ガス１０により部分燃焼、
ガス化する。揮発分が熱分解、ガス化したガスと固定炭
素が部分燃焼、ガス化したガスが混合されガス化ガス２
７としてガス化炉から取り出される。Using this fixed bed gasification furnace 1, a waste tire (volatile matter 70%, fixed carbon 30%), which is one of the typical examples of organic waste, was subjected to a gasification test. The waste tire (organic waste) 21 cut into chips is supplied to the chamber A from the input port 23 via the feeder 22, and forms a layer of the waste tire on the eye plate 4. Then, the volatile matter is thermally decomposed and gasified in the volatile matter thermal decomposition area 23 above the waste tire layer, the residue 26 containing fixed carbon as a main component moves downward, and a part of the residue 26 is fixed carbon partial combustion area 24 in the A1 chamber. Air 9 supplied from 7 partially burns and gasifies. The remaining portion moves to the B chamber 6 with the rotation of the plate 4, and is partially burned by the mixed gas 10 of oxygen and steam as a gasifying agent supplied from the B1 chamber 8.
Gasify. Gasification gas that gasification gas and gas that fixed gas partly burns, and gasification that volatile matter pyrolyzes, and is mixed gasification gas 2
It is taken out from the gasification furnace as 7.
【００１９】この間、熱電対１５によりＡ室５内の温度
（有機系廃棄物層の直上における温度、ほぼガス化ガス
の温度に等しい）Ｔを測定し、この値と予め設定した値
（例えば５００℃）との差に応じて制御装置１６により
Ａ１室７に供給する空気９の量をバルブ１１により調整
する。During this period, the temperature (the temperature just above the organic waste layer, which is almost equal to the temperature of the gasification gas) T in the chamber A 5 is measured by the thermocouple 15, and this value and a preset value (for example, 500) are measured. The amount of the air 9 supplied to the A1 chamber 7 is adjusted by the control device 16 by the valve 11 according to the difference between the temperature and the temperature.
【００２０】また、超音波式レベル計１３によりガス化
炉１の頂部からＡ室５内の廃タイヤ（有機系廃棄物）２
５の層の上面までの距離ｈ１を測定し、ガス化炉の頂部
から目皿４の上面までの高さＨから、廃タイヤ（有機系
廃棄物）２５の層高を（Ｈ−ｈ１）として求め、この値
と予め設定した値との差に応じて制御装置１６によりＢ
１室８に供給する混合ガス１０の量をバルブ１１により
調整する。In addition, a waste tire (organic waste) 2 in the chamber A 5 from the top of the gasification furnace 1 by the ultrasonic level meter 13
The distance h1 to the upper surface of the layer of No. 5 was measured, and the layer height of the waste tire (organic waste) 25 was defined as (H-h1) from the height H from the top of the gasification furnace to the upper surface of the plate 4. The controller 16 determines the value of B according to the difference between this value and a preset value.
The amount of the mixed gas 10 supplied to the one chamber 8 is adjusted by the valve 11.
【００２１】さらに、超音波式レベル計１４によりガス
化炉１の頂部からＢ室６内の残渣２６の層の上面までの
距離ｈ２を測定し、ガス化炉の頂部から目皿４の上面ま
での高さＨから、残渣２６の層高を（Ｈ−ｈ２）として
求め、この値と予め設定した値との差に応じて制御装置
１６により目皿４の回転数を機械式無段変速機１９によ
り調整する。これによってＡ室５からＢ室６への残渣２
６の移動速度を調整することができる。Further, the distance h2 from the top of the gasification furnace 1 to the upper surface of the layer of the residue 26 in the B chamber 6 is measured by the ultrasonic level meter 14, and from the top of the gasification furnace to the upper surface of the plate 4. From the height H of the residue 26 as (H-h2), and the controller 16 controls the rotation speed of the perforated plate 4 according to the difference between this value and a preset value. Adjust by 19. As a result, residue 2 from room A 5 to room B 6
The moving speed of 6 can be adjusted.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の効果】本発明の固定床ガス化炉及びそれを用い
たガス化法によれば、廃タイヤなどの有機系廃棄物中の
揮発分をほぼ一定の適正温度で熱分解、ガス化できるの
で、性状の安定した高分子炭化水素ガスを多量に発生さ
せることが可能となる。本発明によって得られる高分子
炭化水素ガスを高濃度で含むガス化ガスは、カーボンブ
ラックの製造用原料として特に好適である。According to the fixed bed gasification furnace and the gasification method using the same of the present invention, the volatile components in organic waste such as waste tires can be pyrolyzed and gasified at a substantially constant appropriate temperature. Therefore, it becomes possible to generate a large amount of polymer hydrocarbon gas having stable properties. The gasification gas containing the high molecular hydrocarbon gas obtained by the present invention in a high concentration is particularly suitable as a raw material for producing carbon black.
【図１】本発明の固定床ガス化炉の１例を示す概念図。FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a fixed bed gasification furnace of the present invention.
【図２】従来の固定床ガス化炉の１例を示す概念図。FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a conventional fixed bed gasification furnace.
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Claims (2)
してガス化する固定床ガス化炉において、炉内が炉の外
壁を構成する縦方向に配置された外筒内に設置された内
筒により下部で連通するＡ室とＢ室とに分割されてお
り、Ａ室では下方で固定炭素を主成分とする残渣をガス
化剤と反応させて燃焼あるいはガス化したガスにより供
給した有機系廃棄物中の揮発分の大部分を熱分解・ガス
化し、Ａ室で燃焼あるいはガス化されなかった固定炭素
を主成分とする残渣をＢ室に導入し、Ｂ室においてガス
化剤と反応させて燃焼あるいはガス化するように構成さ
れており、Ａ室における炉内温度を検出し、その温度に
よりＡ室へのガス化剤供給量を制御する手段と、Ａ室に
おける有機系廃棄物の層高を検出し、その層高によりＢ
室へのガス化剤供給量を制御する手段と、Ｂ室における
残渣の層高を検出し、その層高によりＡ室からＢ室への
残渣の導入量を制御する手段とを備えてなることを特徴
とする固定床ガス化炉。1. A fixed bed gasification furnace in which an organic waste is charged and a gasifying agent is supplied to gasify the inside of the furnace is outside the furnace.
Inside installed in an external cylinder that is vertically arranged to form the wall
It is divided into a chamber A and a chamber B that communicate with each other by a cylinder.
In room A, the residue containing fixed carbon as a main component is gasified at the bottom.
It is provided by the gas that is burnt or gasified by reacting with the agent.
Most of the volatile components in the supplied organic waste are pyrolyzed and gas.
Carbon that has turned into gas and has not been burnt or gasified in chamber A
The residue containing as a main component is introduced into chamber B, and gas is stored in chamber B.
Configured to react with an agent to burn or gasify
The means for detecting the temperature inside the furnace in room A and controlling the amount of gasifying agent supplied to room A by that temperature, and the height of the organic waste in room A are detected and B
A means for controlling the amount of gasifying agent supplied to the chamber and a means for detecting the bed height of the residue in the B chamber and controlling the amount of the residue introduced from the A chamber to the B chamber by the bed height. A fixed bed gasification furnace.
し、ガス化剤を供給してガス化する有機系廃棄物のガス
化方法において、炉内が炉の外壁を構成する縦方向に配
置された外筒内に設置された内筒により下部で連通する
Ａ室とＢ室とに分割されており、Ａ室では下方で固定炭
素を主成分とする残渣をガス化剤と反応させて燃焼ある
いはガス化したガスにより供給した有機系廃棄物中の揮
発分の大部分を熱分解・ガス化し、Ａ室で燃焼あるいは
ガス化されなかった固定炭素を主成分とする残渣をＢ室
に導入し、Ｂ室においてガス化剤と反応させて燃焼ある
いはガス化するように構成された固定床ガス化炉を使用
し、Ａ室における炉内温度を検出してその温度によりＡ
室へのガス化剤供給量を制御し、Ａ室における有機系廃
棄物の層高を検出してその層高によりＢ室へのガス化剤
供給量を制御し、かつ、Ｂ室における残渣の層高を検出
してその層高によりＡ室からＢ室への残渣の導入量を制
御しながらガス化することを特徴とする有機系廃棄物の
ガス化方法。2. In a method for gasifying organic waste, which comprises charging organic waste into a fixed-bed gasification furnace and supplying a gasifying agent to gasify the same, the furnace interior constitutes the outer wall of the furnace. Distributed in the direction
Connected at the bottom by the inner cylinder installed inside the installed outer cylinder
It is divided into A room and B room.
Combustion occurs by reacting the residue containing silicon as the main component with the gasifying agent
Volatilization of organic waste supplied by gasification or gasification
Most of the emission is pyrolyzed and gasified and burned in chamber A or
Residue containing fixed carbon that was not gasified as the main component in room B
It is burned by reacting with the gasifying agent in chamber B
Or using a fixed bed gasification furnace configured to gasify, the temperature inside the furnace in room A is detected, and A
The amount of the gasifying agent supplied to the room is controlled, the height of the organic waste in the room A is detected, the amount of the gasifying agent supplied to the room B is controlled by the height of the bed, and the amount of the residue in the room B is controlled. A method for gasifying organic waste, characterized by detecting a bed height and controlling gas introduction while controlling an amount of introduction of a residue from a room A to a room B according to the bed height.
Priority Applications (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP01119195A JP3377638B2 (en) | 1995-01-27 | 1995-01-27 | Fixed bed gasifier and gasification method for organic waste |
| ES01126578T ES2236115T3 (en) | 1994-12-01 | 1995-07-14 | FIXED MILK GASIFICATION OVENS AND PROCEDURE TO GASIFY ORGANIC WASTE. |
| DE1995634110 DE69534110T2 (en) | 1994-12-01 | 1995-07-14 | Fixed bed gasifier and process for the gasification of organic waste |
| EP01126578A EP1207192B1 (en) | 1994-12-01 | 1995-07-14 | Fixed-bed gasification furnaces and methods for gasifying organic waste |
| DE1995634579 DE69534579T2 (en) | 1994-12-01 | 1995-07-14 | Fixed bed gasifier and process for the gasification of organic waste |
| ES95111105T ES2271943T3 (en) | 1994-07-20 | 1995-07-14 | COMBUSTION OF ORGANIC WASTE. |
| ES04013048T ES2250941T3 (en) | 1994-12-01 | 1995-07-14 | OVEN FOR FIXED MILK GASIFICATION AND PROCEDURE TO GASIFY ORGANIC WASTE. |
| DE69535239T DE69535239T2 (en) | 1994-07-20 | 1995-07-14 | Combustion of organic waste |
| EP95111105A EP0693539B1 (en) | 1994-07-20 | 1995-07-14 | Combustion of organic wastes |
| EP04013048A EP1462505B1 (en) | 1994-12-01 | 1995-07-14 | Fixed-bed gasification furnaces and methods for gasifying organic waste |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP01119195A JP3377638B2 (en) | 1995-01-27 | 1995-01-27 | Fixed bed gasifier and gasification method for organic waste |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08199175A JPH08199175A (en) | 1996-08-06 |
| JP3377638B2 true JP3377638B2 (en) | 2003-02-17 |
Family
ID=11771177
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP01119195A Expired - Fee Related JP3377638B2 (en) | 1994-07-20 | 1995-01-27 | Fixed bed gasifier and gasification method for organic waste |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3377638B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6633563B2 (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2020-01-22 | ヤンマー株式会社 | Gasifier |
| JP6668283B2 (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2020-03-18 | ヤンマー株式会社 | Gasifier |
-
1995
- 1995-01-27 JP JP01119195A patent/JP3377638B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH08199175A (en) | 1996-08-06 |
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