JP3369460B2 - Electromagnetic wave detector - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electromagnetic wave exploration device for exploring the ground, the interior of concrete columns, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional electromagnetic wave exploring device for exploring the inside of the earth by receiving a reflected wave of an electromagnetic wave transmitted from a transmitting antenna with a receiving antenna is large and heavy. For example, JP-A-8-271641 As disclosed in, it is equipped with a traveling vehicle in the case of exploration of underground buried objects such as gas pipes, and in a shield machine in the case of reflector exploration during shield excavation. It is designed in a form that is specific to the application.

[0003]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Electromagnetic wave exploration technology is a very useful technology in all fields such as investigation of buried objects such as water pipes and gas pipes, investigation of reflectors during shield excavation, investigation of cultural assets and other general investigations. Therefore, a general-purpose market product is desired, but the conventional electromagnetic wave exploration device is limited to a specialized field, and a high level of technology is required for its operation.

Such a problem is also included in the latest electromagnetic wave exploration apparatus devised in recent years as described below. That is, FIG. 34 shows an example of a soundness survey of reinforcing bars and concrete inside a concrete column by the latest electromagnetic wave exploration device.
01 (computer exploration system) and the device body 10
A battery 102 that serves as a power source for operating 1;
At least a small electromagnetic wave radar antenna 103 is provided, and the antenna 103 is used to penetrate an electromagnetic wave into the concrete pillar 104 to investigate the properties of the reinforcing bar 105 and concrete.

Further, FIG. 35 shows a state-of-the-art road buried object searching method.
11 and a large electromagnetic wave radar antenna 112,
The radar antenna 112 is operated by a researcher to investigate the positions of the water pipe 113 and the gas pipe 114 buried inside the road, and to search for the presence of cavities and the like. In this case, A further problem is that a separate large-capacity power supply is required due to power consumption and other factors.

Therefore, the present invention provides a new type of electromagnetic wave exploration device that can be used for general purposes and facilitates its operation so that even an expert of electromagnetic wave exploration can perform accurate exploration to some extent. The purpose is to do so.

[0007]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention takes the following technical means. That is, the electromagnetic wave exploration device of the present invention includes an electromagnetic wave transmitting antenna, a transmitting circuit section for transmitting the electromagnetic wave from the antenna, a receiving antenna and a receiving circuit section for receiving the reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the transmitting antenna. It is characterized by comprising a processing circuit section for performing a required processing on the received reflected wave signal, and a display means for displaying data processed by the processing circuit section, which is a portable type. In this way, by configuring it portable while having the necessary components for electromagnetic wave exploration, it becomes possible to use it anywhere, and it is possible to meet the market needs for general-purpose products,
By performing necessary processing such as plane image generation and three-dimensional image generation by the processing circuit unit, even a person who does not have a high level of skill or knowledge can perform an accurate search operation.

In order to further reduce the weight and size,
The transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna can be arranged in a common antenna housing, and the transmitting circuit unit and the receiving circuit unit can be built in the antenna housing. Further, the processing circuit unit is composed of an analog circuit unit and a digital circuit unit that are integrally formed in a small size, and includes an antenna unit, a transmission / reception circuit unit,
It is preferable that the weight of the entire apparatus equipped with the analog circuit section, the digital circuit section and the display means is set to 5 kg or less.

If the antenna housing is connected to the lower part of the housing of the processing circuit section and the housing of the display means is connected to the front part of the housing of the processing circuit section, the antenna is located near the ground surface. When the display means is located at the exploration position, the display means is located slightly forward of the center of gravity of the entire apparatus, and the display means is arranged at a position that is easy to see while balancing the weight when carrying the device. It is possible to improve the operability while carrying.

Further, in order to make it possible to transmit an electromagnetic wave suitable for various search conditions and to provide it for more general use, a transmitting antenna is detachably attached and detached, and in order to respond to a change in the waveguide due to the size of the transmitting antenna, the electromagnetic wave is changed. It is desirable to provide means for adjusting the transmission power of the.

In order to further improve the convenience of carrying,
It is desirable to provide, as a power supply source, a suit type DC power supply device in which a plurality of solar cells are arranged on the surface of a suit worn by a person, and a storage battery connected in parallel with the device. Further, it is more preferable that the rechargeable battery is attached to a person's waist belt. According to such a configuration, by mounting the power source, which tends to be heavy, on the body of the operator, the feeling of weight when carrying the power source is reduced, and it is not necessary to use a hand to carry the power source. You can easily perform exploration work with both hands while moving by yourself.

Further, in order to make it possible for a person who is not a specialist in electromagnetic wave exploration to relatively easily perform exploration, the processing circuit section stores means for storing sampling data based on reflected wave reception signals at a large number of exploration positions, It is preferable to include means for outputting the three-dimensional image display data of the electromagnetic wave reflector to the display means based on the data stored in the means. With this configuration, the shape of the buried object is displayed three-dimensionally based on the reflected wave data at a large number of exploration positions stored by the exploration procedure by the two-dimensional plane alternate raster scan operation. The device according to the present invention can be easily used, and the marketability can be further expanded. As the above-mentioned arithmetic means, a microprocessor (CPU) and peripheral chips (RAM, ROM,
It is desirable to adopt a computer including an I / O control chip).

Further, the processing circuit section stores means for storing sampling data based on reflected wave reception signals at a large number of search positions, and two-dimensional image data of reflection points at each search position based on the data stored in the means. And a storage means for storing at least two two-dimensional plane image data of the electromagnetic wave reflector, and at least two two-dimensional plane image data stored in the storage means are overlapped and output to the display means. As a means equipped with,
By displaying a two-dimensional plane image based on two or more raster scan scans in a multiple manner, the plane shape of the object to be searched (reflector) can be easily estimated. In particular, by mounting it together with the above-described three-dimensional image display function, it becomes easier to grasp the three-dimensional shape.

By providing the processing circuit section with means for estimating the physical properties of the electromagnetic wave reflector by calculation and outputting the physical property data to the display means, the versatility and ease of electromagnetic wave exploration are further improved. , Marketability expands. Furthermore, by having the above-mentioned three-dimensional shape display means together with this physical property display means, it is possible to specify whether the reflector is a metal tube or a plastic tube, or whether it is a stone or a concrete piece. It will be even easier.

In the present invention, as electromagnetic wave analysis and calculation methods, frequency measurement by real-time measurement, frequency measurement using Fourier transform method which is a frequency analysis method, time / frequency measurement method using cross-correlation method, etc. Usage, intensity measurement method to measure actual amplitude, peak point (N point peak measurement) measurement method,
Alternatively, any known method such as a method using a mask (window setting) can be applied.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A portable electromagnetic wave exploration device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Figure 1
11 shows one embodiment of the power supply device 1 of the electromagnetic wave exploration device of the present invention, which device 1 includes a power generation unit 4 including a large number of solar cells 3 arranged on the surface of a suit 2. ,
The power generation unit 4 and a storage battery 5 connected in parallel are provided.

The suit 2 is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,
It consists of a front button type vest and is made of synthetic fiber, cotton, leather, etc. A fastener may be used instead of the button. In addition to the vest, a sweatshirt, a shirt, or the like can be used as the suit 2.

As the solar battery cells 3, various conventionally known ones such as silicon type, compound semiconductor type, and wet type or organic semiconductor type can be used.
Further, as the silicon-based solar battery cell, a polycrystalline silicon-based one, a single crystal silicon-based one, or an amorphous silicon-based one can be used. In the illustrated embodiment, a single crystal silicon type is adopted and is attached to a rectangular plate-like substrate 6 having a width of about 110 mm and a length of about 60 mm, and the substrate 6 is a suit as shown in FIG. It is attached to the outer fabric 7 of 2.

Explaining the mounting structure of the substrate 6, a pair of left and right mounting holes 8 are provided at the upper end of the substrate 6, and the clips 9 attached to the mounting holes 8 are attached to the suit surface material 7
Sewn on. The board 6 may be sewn to the suit material with a string or a thread without using the clip.
According to such a mounting structure, swinging of the lower side of the substrate 6 is allowed, so that when the person wears the suit 2, the substrate 6 and the solar battery cells 3 can be prevented from being damaged, and the suit 2 can be flexible. It is possible to secure the wearability and improve the wearing comfort.

As shown in FIG. 4, a protective coating 10 is formed on the entire surface of each solar cell 3 to prevent deterioration and damage of the cell 3. The solar battery cells 3 may be mounted as needed according to the load of the electromagnetic wave exploration device and connected in series. In the illustrated embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 or 2, the number of the solar battery cells 3 is 6 on the shoulder portion of the suit 2 (indicated by reference numeral 3a), 28 on the back side (indicated by reference numeral 3b), and a total of 34. The pieces are arranged so as not to overlap each other. The cells 3 on the back side are arranged in three rows on the left and right to make effective use of the surface of the suit 2.

Each solar cell 3 has the suit 2 as described above.
All of these solar cells 3 are connected in series as shown in FIG. Note that two or more solar cells 3 may be connected in parallel. The rated power generation voltage of each solar battery cell 3 is about 0.5V to 0.6V, and the total rated power generation voltage of the above-mentioned 34 power generation units 4 is about 17V to 20.4V.

The connection structure between the solar cells 3 will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, the substrate 6 is connected to the positive electrode side connector 11 as shown in FIG.
And the negative electrode side connector 12 are respectively drawn out, and the positive and negative connectors 11 and 12 of the adjacent solar battery cells 3 are drawn out.
Is connected between the front cloth 7 and the back cloth 13 of the suit 2 so that the wiring 14 between the connectors 11 and 12 and the cell 3 and the connectors 11 and 12 do not touch the body of the suit wearer. .

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, in parallel with the solar cells 3 connected in series, the positive electrode side of the cells 3 is used as the cathode side, and when some of the cells 3 are shaded, the other cells 3 are A shade pass diode 15 for passing a current through the shaded cell 3 is connected to effectively output the electric power uttered by the outside. A diode 16 for preventing reverse current is connected in series with the power generation unit 4 at the positive terminal. Then, from both ends of the positive electrode, the positive connector 17
And the negative electrode side connector 18 are connected, and these connectors 1
7, 18 are pulled out from the lower side of the suit 2 as shown in FIG. In addition, in FIG. 3, the position of the vest neck is indicated by reference numeral 15.

The storage battery 5 (also referred to as "dry battery" for solar cells) is shown in FIG.
~ As shown in FIG. 9, the upper case 20 having a substantially semi-circular shape
And a lower case 21 having a substantially quarter arc shape attached to the lower part of the upper case, and a large number of sealed batteries 22 mounted in the cases 20 and 21.

The battery 5 is attached to the rear side of a person's waist mounting belt 23. By attaching the belt 23 to the waist of an operator, various kinds of work can be carried out conveniently while being carried. A buckle 24 is provided at the front of the belt 23 so that it can be fitted to the wearer's waist.

Inside the upper case 20, ten batteries 22 are mounted on each of the right side and the left side, and inside the lower case 21, ten batteries 22 are mounted. Each battery 22 is assumed to be 1.2V, and the ten batteries 22 on the right side of the upper case 20, the ten batteries 22 on the left side, and the ten batteries 22 of the lower case 21 are connected in series, respectively. The assembled battery unit 22A having a capacity of 12V and 2000 mA is configured, and the assembled battery unit 2 is composed of these sealed electric types.
2A are connected in parallel as shown in FIG. 10, and the battery 5 as a whole has a capacity of 12V 6000mA. As described above, when a required capacity is secured by using a large number of batteries 22, the resistance value of the battery 5 is lowered by connecting the battery units 22A in parallel to reduce the load resistance of the electromagnetic wave exploration device 26 and the like. By making them equal, it is possible to supply the generated power from the power generation unit 4 including a large number of solar cells 3 to the electromagnetic wave exploration device (DC electronic device) 26 and the rechargeable battery 5 in a well-balanced manner. In addition, each battery 2
The capacitance of 2 may be appropriately set according to the specified voltage used by the electromagnetic wave exploration device, and 1 V or 1.5 V may be used.

The output connector 25 of the battery 5 is provided on the side portion of the belt 23, and is connected in parallel with the power generation section 4 composed of the above-mentioned many solar battery cells 3 via the connector 25, and the electromagnetic wave probing device is used. Is configured to supply power to.

According to the suit type DC power supply device 1 according to the above-mentioned embodiment, the electric power from the power generation section 4 and the storage battery 5 is supplied to the electronic equipment 26 used, that is, the electromagnetic wave exploration device. The power supply to the device 26 is covered by the power generation power supply from the power generation unit 4 during sunshine, and the rated power generation voltage (rated generation voltage) of the power generation unit 4 is higher than the rated voltage (12 V) of the battery 5. Since the battery 5 is set higher than 5V, the battery 5 is efficiently charged by the surplus power, and when the sun goes dark, the power shortage is covered by the auxiliary power supply from the rechargeable battery 5. The storage battery 5 is an electronic device 26.
By balancing the load between and, if the device is used under sunshine and the device is not deteriorated, theoretically it can be continuously used without replacement of the battery 5.

According to the power supply device 1 according to the above-described embodiment, the suit 2 worn by a person is used as a base, and therefore, the suit 2 may be worn on the wearer's body at the time of use, which gives the wearer a feeling of weight. It does not give much difference and is most suitable for use while carrying. Furthermore, a large surface area for receiving sunlight can be secured without impairing the convenience of carrying, and the required electromotive force can be easily obtained.

Furthermore, since a plurality of solar cells 3 are arranged at least on the shoulders of the suit 2, the solar cells 3a on the shoulders of the suit are effectively irradiated with the sunlight radiated from above, and the number of the solar cells 3a is small. The electromotive force can be obtained more advantageously in the solar battery cell.

Further, since the plurality of solar battery cells 3b are arranged on either the ventral side or the back side of the person, the solar battery cells 3b are irradiated with the sunlight radiated obliquely from above. As the worker faces like this,
It is possible to prevent some of the solar cells from being in the shadow of a person and effectively secure the electromotive force. In addition, as in the above-described embodiment, it is most preferable to dispose the solar battery cells 3b on either the ventral side or the dorsal side of the person and also on the shoulder portion.

Further, each solar cell 3 is connected to the substrate 6 respectively.
Since the upper part of the substrate 6 is attached to the suit cloth 7 so as to allow the lower side swing of each substrate 6, the substrate 6 reinforces the solar cell 3 to prevent damage, and Since the lower part of the substrate 6 is allowed to swing, the flexibility of the suit material 7 is ensured and the comfort of the suit 2 is ensured.

In addition, when the solar cells 3 are connected in series, if some of the cells 3 are hidden depending on the situation, the solar cells 3 have the characteristic that they act in the same way as diodes in the reverse direction. Therefore, the output as a whole may be significantly reduced, but in the above-described embodiment, the solar cells 3 are connected in parallel with the solar cells 3 connected in series.
By connecting the diode 15 with the positive electrode side as the cathode side, a circuit that passes through the shaded cell 3 is configured, so that the decrease in power generation efficiency due to the shade can be minimized.

As an auxiliary power source for cloudy weather during the daytime, a storage battery 5 is connected in parallel with a power generation section 4 composed of a plurality of solar cells 3, so that the power consumption of the electromagnetic wave exploration device 26 is , Load-balancing the rated generated power of the power generation unit 4 including the solar battery cells 3 and supplementing the change in sunshine with the storage battery 5 to reduce the consumption of the battery 5 as much as possible, and replace the battery. You can work without it.

Further, since the storage battery 5 is attached to the person's waist belt 23, it is as portable as the power generation unit 4 using the solar battery cells 3,
The electromagnetic wave exploration workability can be improved. Moreover, if the rated generated voltage of the entire solar cells 3 connected in series is set to be higher than the specified voltage of the rechargeable battery 5 by 5 V or more,
When the output of the power generation unit 4 by the solar battery cells is larger than the load of the electromagnetic wave exploration device, the storage battery 5 is efficiently charged by the surplus of the power generation amount, and the consumption of the battery 5 can be further reduced. it can.

Further, since the storage battery 5 is formed by connecting the battery portion 22A composed of the sealed battery 22 in parallel, the resistance value of the battery is lowered to reduce the electromagnetic wave exploration device 26 and the storage battery. By balancing the load on the battery 5, it is possible to effectively use the power generated by the solar battery cells 3.

FIG. 12 is test data showing that the power supply device 1 according to the above embodiment can continuously use the rechargeable battery 5 of 12V / 6A specifications for one day. In this test, an electronic device having a power consumption capacity of an actual load of 1.5 A was used. Usually, when such a battery 5 is used alone, in the case of an actual load of 1.5 A, a capacity of 6 A results in a nominal capacity value of about 3 hours and continuous use for one day is impossible. However, in the power supply device 1 according to the above-described embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, there is almost no consumption of the battery 5 until sunset, and after sunset (around 16:30 in November).
It is clear that it has disappeared naturally.

13 to 33 show an embodiment of the electromagnetic wave exploration device 26 which operates by receiving power supply from the power supply device 1. First, the basic circuit configuration of the device 26 will be described. As shown in FIG. 13, an electromagnetic wave transmission antenna 30, a transmission circuit section 31 for marking an electromagnetic wave transmission signal on the antenna 30, and a transmission antenna 30 are transmitted. A receiving antenna 32 that receives a reflected wave of an electromagnetic wave, a receiving circuit unit 33 that performs a receiving process, and a reflected wave signal received by the receiving antenna 32, that is, an output signal of the receiving circuit unit 33 are input, and a required signal is input to the signal. A processing circuit unit 34 that performs processing and a display unit 35 that displays the data processed by the processing circuit unit 34 are provided.

As shown in FIG. 14, the transmission circuit section 31 has
The transmission antenna 30 is provided with a pulse transmission unit 36 for transmitting electromagnetic waves, and a high voltage stamp 37 for operating the pulse transmission unit 36. Further, as will be described later, the transmission antenna 30 is attachable / detachable to / from various sizes in order to adapt to various exploration depths, and in order to cope with a change in the waveguide due to the antenna size of the transmission antenna 30. As a means for adjusting the transmission output of the electromagnetic wave, an output adjusting circuit 37a of the high pressure stamp 37 is provided.

The receiving circuit section 33 has a high frequency receiving section 39 connected to the receiving antenna 32 via a terminator 38.
And a frequency converter 40 for converting a received wave of an extremely high frequency (nanosecond level) received by the high frequency receiver 39 into a frequency of millisecond level. Further, a tuning adjustment unit 41 for tuning the operation of the frequency conversion unit 40 to the delay of the received wave caused by the change of the frequency of the transmitted / received wave due to the change of the size of the transmitting antenna, and the frequency for ensuring a predetermined number of samplings. A conversion adjusting unit 42 for adjusting the conversion coefficient is provided. This frequency converter 40
The output signal of is amplified by the high gain amplifier section 43 and input to the processing circuit section 34.

The operation timings of the transmission circuit section 31 and the reception circuit section 33 are based on the timing pulse from the control section 44, and the synchronized operation is compensated. In addition, the control unit 44 outputs a trigger to the processing circuit unit 34 so that the operation of the processing circuit unit 34 is synchronized with the transmission / reception timing of electromagnetic waves.

As shown in FIG. 13, the processing circuit section 34 includes an analog circuit section 45 for performing required analog processing as a pre-stage for digitally processing the received wave signal input from the receiving circuit section 33, and the circuit section 45. A digital circuit section 46 for inputting the output signal of 1) through an A / D converter to perform required digital processing, and a memory connected to the digital circuit section 46 for storing and storing sampling data of the return wave signal and the like. IC memory card interface section 47 as means
It consists of and.

The circuit configuration of the processing circuit section 34 is designed based on the contents of the electromagnetic wave analysis, and the present apparatus 26 directly displays the detection signal (reflected wave signal) waveform as shown in FIG. Mode (direct display mode), a mode in which the intensity of the detection signal waveform is color-displayed for each search position and displayed in a two-dimensional cross section (two-dimensional cross-section display mode), as shown in FIG. The standard function includes a mode (waveform processing mode) in which the waveforms of the mode) and the two-dimensional cross-section display mode (B mode) are subjected to difference processing or binarization processing and displayed. Furthermore, in the device according to the present embodiment, as a special processing function, as shown in FIG. 17, a mode (3D display mode) for displaying a contour image of a reflection position by 3D cross-section display is mounted,
It is easy to see if there is any reflection. Furthermore, the object type and the property judgment algorithm are mounted by many experience data of electromagnetic wave exploration, and it is realized as an object identification function.

First, the theory of electromagnetic wave exploration analysis by the device 26 will be described below. The equation (1) defines the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave, and indicates that the propagation velocity in the ground is determined by the relative permittivity of the object to be probed.

[0045]

[Equation 1] Where T is the propagation time, εγ is the relative permittivity of the exploration target, L
Is the propagation distance (distance to the reflector), ν is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves, and C is the speed of light (3 × 10 ⁸ m / sec).

The following expression (2) is a defining expression showing the reflection point distance L when a reflector (search object) is present and there is a reflection point, and the main physical constant at this time is also the search object. It has a relative dielectric constant. L = ν × T (2) The following equation (3) is a defining equation showing the change in the intensity of the electromagnetic wave, that is, the attenuation rate α, and the resistivity is the main physical constant here. ing.

[0047]

[Equation 2] Here, ρ is a specific resistance defined by ρ = 1 / σ (σ is conductivity), and π is a circular constant.

Based on the basic principle expressed by the mathematical expressions (1) to (3), the basic waveform of the received wave (reflected wave) when there is no reflecting object (search object) is as shown in FIG. . The electromagnetic wave used for electromagnetic wave exploration is a signal with a very high frequency in the nanosecond (nsec) range.
Since it is common to convert the frequency to the millisecond (msec) range for expression, the range after frequency conversion is also used in the figure.

FIG. 19 shows a waveform of a reflected wave when a reflecting object is present. As described above, in the presence of a reflector, when an electromagnetic wave of frequency f ⁰ is transmitted from the transmitting antenna as a search signal, a reflected wave from the ground is received by the receiving antenna, but the reflected wave is roughly classified. There are reflected waves from the ground surface and reflected waves from the inside that penetrated into the ground. The return wave received by the receiving antenna is an attenuation waveform that is a combination of the reflected wave from the ground surface and the reflected wave from the ground, which is generally called a surface reflected wave.

If the relative permittivity in the ground is εγ1, for example,
As shown in FIG. 20A, the frequency becomes f1 within the region of the attenuation signal of the first cycle of the return wave (that is, the first cycle of the reflected wave from the ground surface), and the relative permittivity in the ground is, for example, εγ2. Then, within the region of the attenuation signal of the first cycle of the return wave, the frequency f
It becomes 2.

The exploration device 26 according to the present embodiment is provided with a receiving antenna capable of detecting the frequency change of the surface reflected wave, and the average relative permittivity change is calculated based on the phenomenon of the frequency changes f1 and f2 described above. It is observable.

Here, as shown in the characteristic graph of FIG. 21, the correlation between the frequency and the relative permittivity is as follows. The value of the rate εγ draws an exponential curve, which can be expressed by the following equation (4). Apply the frequencies f1 and f2 in the region of the attenuation signal of the first cycle of the return wave to this equation (4). Thus, the relative permittivity εγ1 and εγ2 can be obtained. εγ = a × b1 ^{/ f} (4) where a is the first relative permittivity regression coefficient and b is the second relative permittivity regression coefficient, which is obtained in advance by experiments.

Therefore, the average relative permittivity when the electromagnetic wave propagates through the object to be searched is the above-mentioned frequency change f1,
If the phenomenon of f2 is observed, it can be obtained from the correlation between the relative permittivity and the frequency shown in the characteristic graph of FIG. 21, and if the time T1 until the reflection object detection waveform appears (see FIG. 19), these can be obtained. By calculating the propagation velocity ν of the electromagnetic wave in the ground by applying the equation (2), the depth L to the reflecting object can be calculated.

Next, the theory of evaluation and determination of the physical properties of the reflector (exploration target) will be described. In order to detect the physical properties of the reflector by electromagnetic waves, it is necessary to observe the frequency change of the reflected object detection waveform of the reflected wave shown in FIG. 20 (b) and analyze it. Here, if the basic principle of electromagnetic waves is arranged,
The propagation speed of electromagnetic waves is determined by the relative permittivity, the penetration depth of electromagnetic waves is determined by the specific resistance, and the reflection intensity at an arbitrary point is also determined by the specific resistance. Furthermore, the reflection intensity at an arbitrary point changes due to the relative permittivity difference between the ground and the reflector and the shape factor of the reflector, but the change in the reflection intensity due to the shape factor is Snell's law of reflection. Therefore, it can be observed as a frequency change.

Therefore, by calculating the relative permittivity in the ground, the attenuation factor of the electromagnetic wave, the reflection intensity, and the frequency change of the reflection point based on the observation of the reflected wave, the property of the specified object can be almost estimated. For reference, the correlation between the attenuation rate and the specific resistance is shown in FIG. This relationship can be defined by the following equation (5). Note that c and d are constants determined by experiments.

[0056]

[Equation 3]

Further, the physical properties can be approximated by the equation (6) as shown in FIG. In addition, e, g, and h are constants obtained by experiments.

[0058]

[Equation 4]

The physical property value data for general exploration targets are shown in Table 1.
In the apparatus of this embodiment, the physical property value data is converted into a database in the form of table data that distinguishes the geology, and stored in an appropriate storage means such as a ROM in the digital circuit section. When both the rate and the specific resistance are given as a logical matrix, the corresponding geological type is extracted.

[0060]

[Table 1]

FIG. 24 is a conceptual diagram of the extraction method using the logic matrix, in which the specific resistance ρ (or conductivity σ) is given in the X-axis direction and the relative permittivity εγ is given in the Y-axis direction, and both are matched. Alternatively, by extracting a similar geological type and displaying it on the display means, the analogy of the physical properties of the reflector (exploration target buried object) is facilitated.

FIG. 25 schematically shows the flow of operation of the processing circuit section 34. First, in step S1, various initial data are input from the database as initial settings, and
The exploration signal (natural decay waveform) at the start of exploration is input as reference data, and the initial relative permittivity (propagation velocity) and geology are primarily measured. In the next step S2, when the received signal is A / D converted, the reference data is subjected to logical judgment and cross-correlation judgment processing, and if it can be recognized as a natural decay waveform, step S
In 3, the relative permittivity is measured by the surface wave component and the propagation velocity is calculated. Then, in the next step S4, the attenuation rate is calculated for the natural attenuation waveform, and the specific resistance (conductivity) obtained therefrom and the relative permittivity obtained in step S3 are used as parameters from the database to obtain the corresponding geological features as described above. Extract the type. The operation is realized as a program and data provided to the CPU of the digital circuit unit 46, and the program and data are stored in the ROM connected to the CPU. In addition, the program and data can
It can also be configured to supply to the RAM connected to the PU.

On the other hand, when the reflected waveform from the reflector is recognized, the position (distance) of the reflector is calculated and measured in step S5 as described above. Then, after this step S5 or step S4, the measurement result is displayed and output in step S6, the data is updated, and if it is in the repeated search mode, the process returns to step S2 and the same processing is repeated for the next search signal.

In the apparatus 26 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 26, the XY search area on the ground surface is scanned for each search position (xn, yn) by the procedure of the alternating raster scan system, and the search position The return wave signal can be recorded and stored in the IC memory card together with the search position data. The return wave signal recorded and stored here is the signal before being processed by the processing circuit section, that is, the output signal (return wave signal) of the receiving circuit section, and the amplitude at 512 equal division points within a predetermined time. Is represented as a set of sampling data that is binarized with a resolution of 12 bits. By recording the unprocessed signal in this way,
It becomes possible to reproduce, and it is possible to display in various modes by once performing raster scan scanning. As the IC memory card, a standard 2 MB flash ROM card with a maximum of 16 MB can be used, and a maximum of 12 bits / 512 points of sampling reflected wave waveform data (1A scope waveform)
It is possible to record and reproduce 10000 points.

The processing circuit section 34 and the display means 35 are configured to realize the above-mentioned two-dimensional display mode and three-dimensional display mode by collectively processing and displaying the recorded and stored data.

The display screen structure of this three-dimensional display mode is shown in FIG. 27. The XY plane is the ground surface, and the XZ plane and the YZ plane are the underground cross sections. In the present device 26, the digital circuit section 46 of the processing circuit section 34 is provided with a storage unit for storing a three-dimensional shape. More specifically, this storage means can be realized as a three-dimensional array variable stored in the RAM connected to the CPU. Then, based on the reflected wave signal data at each search position stored in the IC memory, the delay time element of the reflection point is determined by the cross-correlation process with the reference waveform for surface wave processing, and from this delay time, the delay time element for each search position is determined. The reflection point depth position (Xn, Yn, Zn) is calculated, and information indicating that a reflection point exists is written in the storage means (for example, a bit of the reflection point position is set).

On the other hand, in parallel with the above reflection point position calculation,
Alternatively, when the shape is output as an image to the display means based on the three-dimensional reflection point position data stored in the storage means, that is, the contour shape data of the reflector after the completion of the calculation, the three-dimensional shape of the reflector becomes the contour point. Is represented as a set of. here,
In the device 26 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 27A, 27B, and 27C, a program for estimating and displaying an XZ sectional image and a YZ sectional image from contour data in addition to an XYZ stereoscopic image is displayed. Has been done.

Further, in order to make the three-dimensional image display more practical, the digital circuit portion of the device 26 of the present invention has a two-dimensional image of the reflection point at each search position based on the sampling data of the reflected wave signal. Means for calculating data, storage means for storing at least two two-dimensional plane image data of the electromagnetic wave reflector, and at least two two-dimensional plane image data stored in the storage means are overlapped and output to the display means. And means for doing so. With such a configuration, the raster scan scanning is repeatedly performed in the exploration range, and the two-dimensional images obtained by the respective scannings can be superimposed and displayed.

This storage means can also be realized as a two-dimensional array variable stored in the RAM connected to the CPU. With such multiple display, it is possible to detect the fluctuation of the contour points as shown in FIG. 28, and thereby, it is possible to estimate the approximate two-dimensional plane shape, and in addition to this,
By displaying the three-dimensional image, the three-dimensional shape can be easily estimated.

Next, a specific configuration of the device 26 according to this embodiment, such as the arrangement of parts, will be described with reference to FIGS. 29 to 33. The transmitting antenna 30 and the receiving antenna 32 are shown in FIG.
Wiring on a common substrate 50 as shown in FIG.
Is attached to an antenna housing 51 having a rectangular shape with a downward opening. In the antenna housing 51, a transmission circuit unit 31 for marking an electromagnetic wave transmission signal (pulse signal) on the transmission antenna and a reception circuit unit 33 by a reception antenna 32 are built in. In this way, the transmitting / receiving antenna 30,
By integrally forming the electromagnetic wave transmission / reception unit 70 including the 32 and the transmission / reception circuit units 31 and 33, the weight of the device 26 is reduced,
We are aiming for miniaturization. The antenna housing 51 is made of a material that absorbs electromagnetic waves, and functions as a shield box that prevents electromagnetic waves from leaking to information. A housing 51 is provided between the transmitting / receiving antennas 31 and 32.
A shield 71 made of an electromagnetic wave absorber that divides the inside is provided, and a transmission circuit unit 31 and a reception circuit unit 33 are built in each internal space partitioned by the shield 71, and the transmission circuit unit 31 and Interference with the receiving circuit unit 33 is prevented from occurring.

All the constituent circuits of the transmitting / receiving circuit portions 31 and 33 may be built in the antenna housing 51, or a part of the constituent circuits may be built in the antenna housing 51. For example, the pulse transmitting unit 36 and the terminator 38 shown in FIG. 14 are built in the antenna housing 51, and other constituent circuits such as the high voltage stamp 37 and the high frequency receiving unit 39 are provided on the analog substrate 45 in the housing 55 of the processing circuit unit 34. Can be configured to. Further, the pulse transmitter 36, the terminator 38, the high voltage stamp 37, the high frequency receiver 39, the frequency converter 40, the tuning adjuster 41, the conversion adjustor 42, and the high gain amplifier 43 can be built in the antenna housing 51. .

A connector 54 for connecting the signal lines 52 and 53 to the processing circuit unit 34 is provided on the upper surface of the antenna housing 51, and the signal line 52 from the processing circuit unit 34 to the transmitting circuit unit 31 and the receiving circuit unit. A signal line 53 from 33 to the processing circuit unit 34 is detachably attached.

On the other hand, the processing circuit section 34 (including the analog circuit board 45, the digital circuit board 46, and the IC memory card interface board 47) is provided in a main housing 55 having a substantially rectangular box shape. As described above, by integrally mounting the analog circuit board 45 and the digital circuit board 46 in the common casing, downsizing of the device,
The weight can be reduced. Although not shown, it is preferable to provide a handle on the upper portion of the housing 55 so that the device 26 can be held by one hand to improve the exploration workability while carrying.

The digital circuit board 46 is provided with a CPU, a ROM, a RAM and the like for performing the above-mentioned various calculations, and a required program for performing various processes is incorporated in the ROM or the RAM. . The built-in method of the program is fixedly written in the flash ROM, and the contents can be rewritten only by a dedicated in-circuit simulator. In addition, it is equipped with a one-chip memory to realize the copy protection function, and is protected so that it does not operate unless the symbols match.
As the CPU, the latest 32-bit RISC chip is used to improve the processing capacity.
A C chip may be adopted.

The digital circuit section 46 is connected to the IC memory card interface section 47 and exchanges data with each other. As shown in FIG. 29, a card insertion hole 57 is formed in a side portion (front side portion in the illustrated embodiment) of the main casing 55 so that the IC memory card 56 can be attached to the IC memory card interface portion 47. (See FIG. 30).

A cylindrical support 58 extending downward is attached to the lower surface of the housing 55 of the processing circuit section 34, and an antenna housing 51 is swingably connected to the lower end of the support 58 via a hinge 59. Has been done. Further, the antenna housing 51 is detachable at the hinge 59, and can be variously replaced with an antenna size suitable for various search conditions and depths.

The above-mentioned signal lines 52 and 53 are guided from the inside of the main housing 55 into the inside of the support column 58 and are drawn out from the middle of the support column 58 near the lower end. By guiding the signal line 53, the signal lines 52 and 53 are prevented from being damaged, and do not interfere with the exploration work. A power switch 59 is provided above the main housing 55.

As shown in FIG. 13, the display means 35 includes a liquid crystal graphic display device 60, a liquid crystal controller 61 that receives data from the digital circuit section 46 and outputs a control signal to the display device 60, and these display devices 60. And an inverter 62 for operating the controller 61, which are built in the display means housing 63.

The display means housing 63 is connected to the main housing 55 via the universal swing rod 64 so that the liquid crystal display screen can be oriented in an optimum direction. A light-proof plate 65 for securing the visibility of the liquid crystal display screen is attached to the front and left and right sides of the housing 63.

On the upper surface of the display means housing 63, various operation buttons 66 are located behind the liquid crystal display screen.
Is provided so that when the user holds the handle attached to the upper part of the main housing with one hand, the other hand can easily operate the buttons.

According to the electromagnetic wave exploring apparatus 26 of the present embodiment, the electromagnetic wave transmitting antenna 30 and the transmitting circuit section 31 for transmitting the electromagnetic wave from the antenna 30 are equipped with various functions as described above. And the transmitting antenna 30
The receiving antenna 32 and the receiving circuit unit 33 that receive the reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the device, the processing circuit unit 34 that performs the required processing on the received reflected wave signal, and the data processed by the processing circuit unit 34. Since it is configured to be portable with display means 35 for displaying, it can be used in all aspects, and electromagnetic wave exploration can be performed in a wide range of fields.

In particular, the transmission / reception antennas 30 and 32 are detachable and replaceable, and the conversion timing of the frequency conversion unit 40 in the reception circuit unit 33 and the means 37a for adjusting the transmission output according to the size of the transmission antenna are reflected waves. Since the tuning adjusting means 41 for tuning is provided, it is possible to use the tuning adjusting means 41 according to various situations and the depth of the exploration object.
By providing the conversion adjustment means 42 of the frequency conversion unit 40,
It is possible to compensate for a fixed sampling number of the reflected wave, simplify the configuration of the processing circuit unit 34, and reduce the overall size and weight of the device. The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and can be appropriately modified in design.

[0083]

According to the present invention, a general-purpose electromagnetic wave exploration device can be provided, the electromagnetic wave exploration technology can be widely used in all fields, and the degree of freedom of the survey range can be dramatically improved. it can.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of a suit type DC power supply device used in an electromagnetic wave exploration device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a rear view of the suit.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a solar cell power generation unit mounted on a suit.

FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a structure for mounting a solar cell on a suit.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a belt portion to which a storage battery of the suit type DC power supply device is attached.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the belt portion.

FIG. 7 is a rear view of the belt portion.

FIG. 8 is a plan sectional view of the belt portion.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a lower case of a rechargeable battery.

FIG. 10 is a wiring diagram of a storage battery.

FIG. 11 is an overall configuration diagram of the same suit type DC power supply device.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing an experimental example of the same suit type DC power supply device.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the circuit configuration of the electromagnetic wave exploration apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a transmission / reception circuit unit of the same electromagnetic wave exploration device.

FIG. 15 is a display screen configuration diagram in a direct display mode of reflected waves (A scope search mode).

FIG. 16 is a display screen configuration diagram in a two-dimensional image display mode of reflected waves (B scope exploration mode).

FIG. 17 is a display screen configuration diagram in a three-dimensional image display mode of reflected waves.

FIG. 18 is a waveform diagram of a reflected wave when there is no reflector in the ground.

FIG. 19 is a waveform diagram of a reflected wave when a reflecting object exists in the ground.

FIG. 20 (a) is a waveform diagram showing a frequency change of a reflected wave due to the relative permittivity of the ground or the reflector when the reflector is present in the ground, and FIG. It is an enlarged view of a reflector detection waveform portion.

FIG. 21 is a characteristic graph showing the relationship between relative permittivity and frequency.

FIG. 22 is a characteristic graph showing the relationship between the frequency attenuation rate and the specific resistance.

FIG. 23 is a characteristic graph showing the relationship between the specific resistance, the specific permittivity difference, and the specific resistance difference.

FIG. 24 is a conceptual diagram of a method of extracting a corresponding geological type from the geological database.

FIG. 25 is a flowchart outlining a processing flow of a processing circuit unit such as extraction of geological type.

FIG. 26 is a plan view illustrating XY alternate raster scan scanning.

FIG. 27 shows a three-dimensional image displayed by the display means, (a) is an XYZ stereoscopic display, (b) is an XZ sectional display,
(C) is a YZ cross section display.

FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of a screen showing a two-dimensional image multiple display image.

FIG. 29 is a side view of the electromagnetic wave exploring device.

FIG. 30 is a front view of the electromagnetic wave exploration device.

FIG. 31 is a plan view of the same electromagnetic wave exploration device.

FIG. 32 is a simplified perspective view of an antenna casing.

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a transmitting / receiving antenna substrate.

FIG. 34 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the inside exploration of a concrete column by the latest electromagnetic wave exploration device.

FIG. 35 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a road buried object search by the latest electromagnetic wave detection device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Suit type DC power supply 3 solar cells 4 storage battery 26 Electromagnetic wave exploration device 30 transmitting antenna 31 Transmitting circuit section 32 receiving antenna 33 Receiver circuit section 34 Electromagnetic wave processing circuit section 35 display means 37a Output wave output adjusting means 51 antenna housing 55 Processing circuit housing 63 Display means housing

Continuation of front page (56) Reference JP-A-6-258428 (JP, A) JP-A-7-134183 (JP, A) JP-A-6-82565 (JP, A) JP-A-9-33194 (JP , A) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-33888 (JP, A) Actual Development 4-61445 (JP, U) Japanese Patent Publication 4-76635 (JP, B2) Japanese Official Publication 4-25673 (JP, Y2) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01N 22/00-22/04 G01V 3/00-3/40 G01S 13/00-13/95

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. An electromagnetic wave transmitting antenna, a transmitting circuit section for transmitting the electromagnetic wave from the antenna, a receiving antenna and a receiving circuit section for receiving the reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the transmitting antenna, and the received reflection. A portable circuit is provided that includes a processing circuit unit that performs a required process on the wave signal, and a display unit that displays data processed by the processing circuit unit,
Transmit and receive antennas are arranged in a common antenna housing, the antenna housing, is connected to the lower part of the housing of the processing circuit section, the housing of the display unit is connected to the front of the housing of the processing circuit section, Ante
Display means when positioning the antenna at an exploration position near the ground surface
An electromagnetic wave probe characterized by being located slightly in front of the center of gravity of the entire device . 2. The display means includes a liquid crystal graphic display device, a liquid crystal controller that receives data from a digital circuit unit and outputs a control signal to the display device, and an inverter for operating the display device and the controller. The electromagnetic wave exploration device according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic wave exploration device and the display means housing are incorporated. 3. The electromagnetic wave probing device according to claim 1, wherein various operation buttons are provided behind the liquid crystal display screen on the upper surface of the housing of the display means.