JP3366754B2 - Hearing aid worn on ear and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ear worn hearing aid according to the corresponding independent claim and a method for manufacturing the same.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Hearing aids worn on the ears typically include a microphone oriented toward the outside of the ear, a loudspeaker oriented toward the inside of the ear, and an amplifier for operation. An electronic component and a replaceable battery, all of said electronic component being located in a molded member, the shape of the molded member being more or less adapted to the shape of the ear canal and within the ear canal. Be worn. In order to be able to wear the hearing aid comfortably and to allow the hearing aid to perform its function in an optimal manner,
Various requirements have been placed on molded parts, which more or less fulfill the function of their structure. These requirements are essentially: -The molded member must be well fitted in the ear canal so that it is well positioned and still remains comfortable. The molded part must be easily insertable into and removable from the ear canal. -Although the molded part fits well in the ear canal, it must be able to perform pressure compensation in the ear canal. -The molded part must prevent the sound generated by the loudspeaker from being fed back into the microphone. The molded part must be compatible with the skin, in particular must be able to ventilate the skin of the ear canal and must not cause sweat and earwax exudation. The molded part must be insensitive to the exudate of the ear canal and be able to be easily cleaned, and in particular protect the electronic components of the hearing aid from such exudate. I won't.

In addition to these requirements regarding the function of the hearing aid and its wearing comfort, there are economic requirements in the sense that the molded part must be easily manufactured. In addition, it is desirable for economic reasons to make these components accessible and integral in the hearing aid so that the electronic components can be replaced.

The above requirements are more or less met by known hearing aids worn on the ear. Some of the known hearing aids will be briefly described below and compared with the above list of requirements.

The most frequently used method for producing hearing aids worn on the ear is to investigate potential weaknesses in the hearing of the user while at the same time producing a silicone molding or casting of the ear canal. A plastic that can be polymerized with the aid of light to create a transparent positive model of the ear canal, based on a silicone molding or cast, and cure from outside to inside to a predetermined layer thickness Includes hearing aid advisors molding material. This gives a hollow molded member.
Is obtained. The electronic components of the hearing aid are mounted in the molded member and are directed towards the interior of the ear towards the loudspeaker and the pressure compensation channel.
An opening is left for the pensing channel). The molded member is closed by a cover at the outlet of the ear canal. The cover includes an opening for a pressure compensation channel and a replaceable battery compartment.

The hearing aid manufactured in this way fits very well, but has a molded member which covers the skin of the ear canal without interruption so that no ventilation problems occur. This inevitably increases the amount of sweat and earwax exudation.
The part of the ear canal that is left open between the eardrum and the hearing aid is opened to the outside through the pressure compensation channel, which allows pressure compensation and also allows water to escape. However, the pressure compensation channel increases the feedback of the sound generated by the loudspeaker to the microphone.

A further disadvantage of this hearing aid is that the openings for the loudspeaker and the pressure compensation channel are easily blocked with earwax. To prevent this blockage, these openings are liquid impermeable, as proposed in European Patent Application No. 310,866 (issued April 12, 1989), It can also be covered by a gas-permeable diaphragm.

In the above hearing aid manufacturing method, the molding member has several positive and concave molding steps (positive-need).
It is complicated because it has to be molded in a positive stage and the manufacturing process cannot be performed by a hearing aid advisor. Therefore, the manufacturer of this hearing aid must personalize the hearing aid to the user.

Various proposals have been made to simplify the manufacturing method. Thus, for example, US Pat.
According to US Pat. No. 2,537, the molded member is formed in the form of a double-walled bag of flexible material, between the two walls when the bag is placed in the ear of a user. It has been proposed that a curable plastic material be directly pressed into the. Although this method can eliminate some manufacturing steps, it still requires reworking the molded part, especially after that it is necessary to form openings for the pressure compensation channels and the loudspeakers. Yes,
It is uncertain whether these tasks can be done by a hearing aid advisor.

The same applies to the hearing aid according to International patent application WO 92/03894, in which the molding member is molded directly in the ear canal.

The above two manufacturing methods are generally easier than the first described method, but do not improve the disadvantages of skin contact and sound feedback. This is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,834,211 in which the molding member comprises balloons that surround the electronic components of the hearing aid and is inflated by a corresponding pump during insertion of each balloon into the ear. The same applies to the hearing aids described in. In such hearing aids, the disadvantages of skin contact and sound feedback are not remedied, but there is no problem with easy insertion into the ear.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to adapt (individualize) an individual ear canal.
ized) a hearing aid to be worn on the ear, which can be manufactured in a very simple process, in particular it can be personalized in a very simple process and when worn compared to known hearing aids. The object is to provide a hearing aid with improved comfort. In addition, a method is provided by which the hearing aid can be manufactured and especially personalized.

The method according to the present invention can be summarized as follows:
It is as follows. General hearing aids that are not yet adapted to the individual ear canal are mass produced. This conventional hearing aid advantageously has a plastically deformable skeleton to a limited extent, which carries the electronic components of the hearing aid and in which the skeleton and the flexible diaphragm form a molding chamber. The diaphragm is fixed as configured and the molding chamber is open to the outside through the injection opening. This hearing aid is shaped so that the skeleton is shaped to match the shape of the individual ear canal, and thus the partially personalized hearing aid is placed in the ear, after which the molding chamber is filled with a hardenable plastic material. The diaphragm is then deformed, and the resulting shaped member is shaped to conform to the ear canal and is now individualized (adapted to the individual ear canal). The skeleton and the diaphragm are constructed and secured to each other by molding the skeleton and by molding the molding members so that the personalized hearing aid does not need to be reworked.

The material and structure of the diaphragm is permeable to gases as a result of the formation of very fine porosity, but impermeable to liquids, in particular liquid or pasty molding materials, and molded. It is chosen to have sufficient resilience to be applied without creases to the wall of the ear canal when the member is molded. A device for providing a controlled evacuation of air in the molding chamber during injection of the molding compound due to the gas permeability of the membrane (eg injection and / or degassing to reach the molding chamber prior to injection of the molding compound). It is not necessary to provide an exhaust channel or a device for exhausting the ventilation chamber. By using a gas-permeable diaphragm, it is sufficient, for example, to provide an injection opening in which the device for pushing the molding material into the molding chamber can be fixed in a liquid-tight manner.

In addition, the diaphragm is advantageously water-repellent and oil-repellent so that its function can be sufficiently exerted for a long period of time.

As the diaphragm, a stretchable plastic membrane is suitable. These plastic membranes are made porous by stretching or perforation by laser or mechanical means or plasma etching. Further suitable diaphragm materials are, for example, materials woven from plastic fibers and materials woven from plastic fibers. To improve wearing comfort, the septum may be made of a material that is oil and water repellent (eg, polytetrafluoroethylene), or the septum may be oil and repellant at least on the surface facing the ear canal. It can be coated with a coating that is water-based. This coating can be applied, for example, to Parylene (Union
Carbide Corporation, USA) or a vapor deposited coating of silane.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT An embodiment of a method for manufacturing a hearing aid according to the present invention and a hearing aid manufactured by this method will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows very diagrammatically the principle of a hearing aid according to the invention. The hearing aid is already individualized and is shown in a section parallel to the axis of the ear canal. This hearing aid is formed substantially in the shape of an irregular frustum having a circumferential surface M with the large end surface AS facing outside the ear canal and the small end surface IS facing the inside of the ear canal. There is.

The hearing aid essentially comprises a molding 1 whose shape is adapted to the ear canal. The molding 1 is covered by a microporous diaphragm 2 at least on the circumferential surface M when the hearing aid is worn, i.e. at the location where the molding contacts the wall of the ear canal. This hearing aid also consists essentially of three parts: an outer support element 3 which essentially forms the outer end surface AS of the hearing aid and an inner support element 4 which essentially forms the inner end surface IS of the hearing aid. , These two support elements 3
And a connecting element 5 interconnecting 4 and 4 with each other. The connecting element 5 serves to hold the two support elements 3 and 4 in their mutual position before the molding of the molding element 1, which connecting element 5 is substantially fitted to the ear canal.
The connecting element 5 is advantageously deformable to a limited extent so that the mutual positioning of the support elements 3 and 4 can be adapted to the individual ear canals as a first personalization step.

The outer support element 3 carries a microphone 31. To that end, the outer support element 3 is provided with corresponding openings 32 for the passage of sound. The outer support element 3 also forms a closable battery compartment 33 and carries a molding material injection opening 34. The inner support element 4 carries a loudspeaker 41 and comprises an opening 42 through which the sound passes.

The microporous diaphragm 2 which surrounds the molding 1 at least on the circumferential surface M comprises two support elements 3 around the two end surfaces AS and IS (at the point X in the drawing).
And fixed to 4. Moreover, the diaphragm 2 can completely cover the inner end surface IS. Also, the diaphragm 2 can partially cover the outer end surface AS, but the injection opening 34 and the battery compartment 33 must remain freely accessible.

The amplifier electronics (not shown) can be carried by one of the support elements 3 and 4 or by the coupling element 5. The amplifier electronics can also be molded into the molding 1 without any special fixing to the framework.

The framework is advantageously manufactured from plastic. The microporous diaphragm 2 is attached to the support elements 3 and 4, for example
It can be fixed by welding, gluing or a corresponding fixing member. Other fixing methods will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.

A typical hearing aid for producing a personalized hearing aid, which is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, is a personalized hearing aid in which the molding element 1 comprises support elements 3 and 4 and a microporous diaphragm 2. It only exists as an indeterminate molding cavity in between. Thus, the microporous diaphragm 2 secured to the support elements 3 and 4 loosely surrounds the skeleton, and together with the support elements 3 and 4 surrounds the skeleton in a tubular form and opens outward through the injection opening 34. Forming a chamber.

The molding chamber between the diaphragm 2 and the skeleton is filled with a suitable plastic material (molding material) through the injection opening 34 and the hearing aid is placed in the ear canal. During molding, the microporous diaphragm is stretched and placed on the wall of the ear canal without creases. The molding material is cured to form the individualized molding member 1. A requirement for the molding material is that it can be easily injected through the injection opening and that the molding material cures quickly. Use of a molding material that is slightly elastically deformable even in the cured state so that the molding member can adapt to the changing shape of the ear canal when chewing, for example, for increased wearing comfort Is advantageous. It is clear that this molding material must be compatible with the skin.

More specifically used in dental technology and 3
Molding materials based on vinylpolysiloxane, manufactured under the name M, have been found to be very suitable for this purpose. The two-component molding compound is obtained in easily handleable twin cartridges with a cannula that can be mounted directly in the injection opening 34.

It is obviously also possible to use other molding materials. Materials that do not separate low molecular weight groups during polymerization are advantageously used. Additives such as, for example, small foams or hollow glass balls can be added to the molding material in order to improve the properties of the molded part as a sound and vibration absorber.

The manufacture of the hearing aid illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 1 comprises, for example, the following steps. -Manufacturing the framework, for example by injection molding a suitable plastic. Mounting the loudspeaker 41, the microphone 31 and the electronic components for the amplifier on the skeleton, electrically connecting the components and to the battery compartment 33. Enclose the framework with a microporous septum 2 and fix the septum 2 to the support elements 3 and 4 (at point X). -A general hearing aid manufactured in the first three steps is approximately fitted to the individual ear canal by a corresponding modification of the framework or the connecting element 5. Producing a molded part by placing a substantially matched hearing aid in the ear canal and filling the molding material between the diaphragm and the skeleton with the molding material. -Insert the battery.

The steps required to personalize a typical hearing aid are the deformation of the skeleton and the molding of the molding material. Both steps can be easily carried out by the hearing aid adviser so that the user can remove the hearing aid after one session, and the manufacturer only has to manufacture a general hearing aid.

The embodiment of the hearing aid according to the invention shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 is provided with a pressure compensation channel, which is or may be missing from the first embodiment, and to the electronic components. They are essentially different from each other in terms of different accessibility. The principle described with reference to FIG. 1 is included in all embodiments.

FIG. 2 likewise shows a first embodiment of a hearing aid according to the invention in a section parallel to the axis of the ear canal. The hearing aid is placed in the ear canal, the wall of the ear canal being indicated by the line G. The illustrated hearing aid is already individualized. This hearing aid has a framework with an outer support element 3, an inner support element 4 and a connecting element 5 and carries electronic components. This skeleton is arranged in the molding member 1. The surface of the molded member 1 facing the ear canal is covered with a bag-shaped microporous diaphragm 2.

The two support elements 3 and 4 have an inner capsule 4.1 with an inner closure element 4.2 allowing at least partial access to the electronic components of the personalized hearing aid. And an outer capsule 3.1 with an outer closure element 3.2.

The inner capsule 4.1 contains a loudspeaker 41 which is introduced through its opening before the closure element 4.2 is engaged thereon. In the outer capsule 3.1 in the form of compartments which are advantageously correspondingly arranged,
A microphone 31 is housed in the microphone compartment 31.1 and a battery is housed in the battery compartment 33. The amplifier electronics 6 can also be housed in the outer capsule 3.1. The electrical connection between the electronic components of the hearing aid extends, for example, through the deformable connecting element 5.

The molding material injection opening 34 for opening the molding chamber to the outside is molded, for example, on the outer capsule 3.1. The individual compartment openings and the injection openings 34 of the outer capsule 3.1 close these openings with a closure element 3.2.
Are arranged substantially in one plane so that they can be closed together. However, the closure element 3.
In order to design said partial areas so that the partial areas of the common closing element 3.2 can be opened and closed without having to open the whole 2, separate closing elements for different openings are provided. It is possible to provide or to provide a separate closure element for one of the openings. In FIG. 2, the battery compartment 33 is such a partial closure element 3
It is closed by 3.1 and is therefore very easily accessible by the user.

Since the bag-shaped microporous diaphragm 2 has a main opening whose edges are fixed around the area in which the opening of the outer capsule 3.1 and the injection opening 34 are arranged, The entire skeleton is surrounded by the diaphragm 2 except for the injection opening 34 and the opening of the outer capsule 3.1. The immobilization of the microporous diaphragm 2 around the outer capsule 3.1 can be done, for example, in a convex manner around the outer capsule 3.1.
by means of an outer diaphragm anchoring device (on the left side of this figure), which may comprise anchoring rings 10 arranged in an ivy manner, or at the edge region of the closure element 3.2 by a corresponding posi.
This is achieved by designing the (Tive) (right side of this figure). If the microporous diaphragm 2 is fixed to the outer capsule 3.1 by the outer element 3.2, the closure element 3.2
Must have a removable partial area or at least one opening for the injection opening 34 (in the manner shown for the battery compartment 33).

Around the opening of the inner capsule 4.1, the microporous diaphragm 2 is fixed by the inner diaphragm fixing means,
And it can cover the loudspeaker opening as shown, or have one more opening in said area. The inner diaphragm fixing means is, for example, the inner capsule 4.1.
Perforated inner closure element 4.2 securely mounted on the opening of the. The inner closure element 4.2 secures the diaphragm 2 around the opening of the capsule 4.1 so that no molding compound enters into the opening. The closure element 4.2 mechanically protects the part 21 of the diaphragm 2 which mechanically covers the opening of the capsule during use and does not constitute a sound obstruction of the loudspeaker (the opening through which the sound passes).

That part of the opening of the outer capsule 3.1 located above the microphone compartment 31.1 is also
It can be covered by a septum. As shown in FIG. 2, this diaphragm is in the form of a separate diaphragm part 22 fixed between the closure element 3.2 and the wall of the capsule 3.1, or engages in one piece over said opening. And can be in the form of a diaphragm 2 which is held in a similar manner to the opening of the inner capsule 4.1. The closure element 3.2 is preferably perforated in the area covering the microphone compartment 31.1.

The diaphragm 2 can also be welded or glued to the capsules 3.1 and 4.1 or to the corresponding closure elements 3.2 and 4.2, as already mentioned.

The embodiment of the hearing aid according to the invention according to FIG. 2 does not have a pressure compensation channel. However, because of the need for pressure compensation between the innermost portion of the ear canal closed by the hearing aid and the outside, this embodiment is not only from major surface to major surface, but also parallel to these major surfaces. It must have a microporous membrane that is (transversely) gas permeable.

Double El Gore and Company GMB Bee Etch (W.L. Gore &
Co. (GmbH) (Puttsbrunn near Munich)
D-88011) by Gore-Tex (GORE-
Expanded and stretched PTFE manufactured under the name TEX)
It has been found that the diaphragm has the necessary properties and is suitable for this application. This diaphragm is a foam-expanded PTFE material (polytetrafluoroethylene) that constitutes a very fine porous diaphragm. This diaphragm not only has the required physical properties, but also has a very high affinity for the skin and the body (this material can be used as a temporary skin in the case of large surface area wounds). it can).

The Gore-Tex diaphragm not only allows the air released during molding to escape through this diaphragm, but also acts as a pressure compensating means and a ventilation effect on the skin of the ear canal. Moreover, it has gas permeability not only in the direction perpendicular to the surface but also in the direction parallel to the surface. This action occurs on the side of the diaphragm facing the skeleton that is open-pore foam.
m) or by having a coarse, porous intermediate layer capable of forming a layer of gauze.

During molding, especially during the final stage of molding when the molding member is already in close engagement with the ear canal, no pressure is applied through the diaphragm in the ear canal closed by the molding member during molding. If intermediate layers are provided, pressure correction is performed through the intermediate layers and parallel to the major surfaces of these layers.

3 and 4 show another embodiment of the hearing aid according to the invention. The principle of this embodiment is also in agreement with the principle described with respect to FIG. 1 and the main components of this hearing aid are also in accordance with the main components of FIG. 1 and need not be described further. The difference compared to the hearing aids of FIGS. 1 and 2 is that the connecting element 5 is hollow and acts as a pressure compensation channel, and the inner support element 4 and the outer support element 3 are provided with ejection openings 45 and 35. There is. An injection opening 34 is arranged in the battery compartment 33. The inner end surface IS is covered by a separate diaphragm portion 46, and the area of the microphone 31 and the outer outlet opening 35 of the pressure compensation channel are also covered by a separate diaphragm portion 36. The molding material can be molded directly around the microphone 31 and the loudspeaker 41, or the microphone 31 and the loudspeaker 41 can be surrounded by a sound insulating material 37 on the molding member side.

In the embodiment of the hearing aid according to the invention according to FIGS. 3 and 4 with a pressure compensation channel, it is sufficient if the microporous diaphragm is gas-permeable between its two main faces. The gas permeability in this case is only used for degassing the molding chamber during molding, while the ventilation and pressure compensation of the closed part of the ear canal is taken over by the pressure compensation channel. Such a microporous diaphragm is, for example,
Manufactured from biryl polysiloxanes or other plastic materials, for example from silicone polymers crosslinked by addition or condensation. Such an inherently airtight membrane is stretchable up to 200% and made porous by laser, by plasma etching, or by mechanical means before being formed into a bag. The pores have a maximum diameter of 50 μm and indicate that 10 to 20 pores per bag of diaphragm are sufficient. As described above, the porous diaphragm can be imparted with oil repellency and water repellency by being coated in plasma containing fluorine, for example.

FIG. 3 shows the hearing aid in the general state supplied by the manufacturer.

FIG. 4 shows the hearing aid in the ear canal ready for molding. The battery and battery compartment cover have been removed to keep the injection opening 34 open.
In order to keep the pressure compensation channel discharge openings 35 and 45 open, the separate diaphragm portions 36 and 46 (FIG. 3) are removed and the inner edge I of the hearing aid is removed.
At S a protective element 48 is fixed by means of a wire 7 which is threaded through the pressure compensation channel. This protective element 48 is not only intended to protect the eardrum during molding, but is also intended to aid the placement of an unpersonalized hearing aid within the ear canal. The protective element 48 is manufactured from foam, for example.
The wire 7 carrying the protective element 48 can also serve to aid the insertion and removal of the hearing aid into the ear canal.

Prior to molding, ie, in the general state of a hearing aid, the microporous diaphragm has a shape approximately corresponding to the ear canal so as to surround the molded member in a crease-free manner in the personalized state of the hearing aid. Must already have. In particular, the diaphragm should be fixable around its main opening (outer end face) and around the opening on the inner end face with minimal creases. For this purpose, the diaphragm must have the form of a bag that tapers away from the main opening. Such a diaphragm bag can be manufactured by various different methods shown in parts (a) to (c) of FIG.

In the case of a diaphragm having sufficient deformability, such a bag as shown in FIG. 5 (a) can be drawn from the flat part ME of the diaphragm. This manufacturing method requires sufficient deformability of the diaphragm, but if the inner end surface of the hearing aid is covered by the diaphragm, that is, if the diaphragm has only the main opening and no other openings. Is advantageous.

Part (b) of FIG. 5 shows a method of manufacturing a diaphragm bag S from a member K in the form of a deployed frustal jacket cut from a flat diaphragm portion ME. This member K is formed by welding into a diaphragm bag S having a main opening H and one opening W.

In FIG. 5C, a diaphragm bag having a main opening H and one opening W is manufactured by expanding one end of the diaphragm hose from one diaphragm hose MS to a large diameter. Show the method.

To aid in the exchange of gas in the direction of the major surface of the diaphragm, as mentioned above, the gas is placed on a second layer (intermediate layer) located between the diaphragm and the molded part of the hearing aid. It can be conducted, ie the gas can be kept out of contact with the skin of the ear canal. As mentioned above, the intermediate layer can be an open-pore foam or a mesh having a diaphragm stretched over it. It has been found that such an intermediate layer can facilitate the manufacture of a diaphragm bag.

1 to 4 show a hearing aid with the narrow end worn in the ear canal and the wide end located in the outer ear. Therefore, this hearing aid is a so-called intra-aural hearing aid. It will be appreciated that the hearing aid of the present invention can also be adapted as a hearing aid to be worn entirely within the ear canal, which is a hearing aid with a more cylindrical shape that is fully inserted into the ear canal.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a section in a section parallel to the axis of the ear canal in order to explain the function of the most important parts of a hearing aid according to the invention.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a personalized hearing aid according to the invention in a cross section parallel to the axis of the ear canal.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the hearing aid according to the invention in the general state immediately before the shaping of the shaping element supplied by the manufacturer.

FIG. 4 shows the hearing aid in the ear canal in a general condition ready for molding.

FIG. 5 (a) shows a method for manufacturing a bag from a flat part of a diaphragm, and FIG. 5 (b) shows a diaphragm bag from a member in the form of a deployed frustal jacket cut from the flat diaphragm part. The manufacturing method is shown. Part (c) shows a manufacturing method of a diaphragm bag having a main opening and one opening by expanding one end of the diaphragm hose to a larger diameter.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Molded member 2 Microporous diaphragm 3 Outer support element 4 Inner support element 5 connecting elements IS inner end surface AS outer end face M circumferential surface 3.1 Outer capsule 3.2 Outer closure element 4.1 Inner capsule 4.2 Inner closure element 31 microphone 31.1 Microphone compartment 32 Sound passage opening 33 Battery compartment 34 Injection opening 35 Discharge opening 41 loudspeaker 42 Sound passage opening 45 Discharge opening

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Andreas S. Wetter Switzerland Wienbek, Margenville 5 (72) Inventor Marcel Aeskrimann Welskenroll, Switzerland Hauptstraße 413 (72) Inventor Jürg Krabatetshire Panorama Bech 31 (56) Ortschwaben, Switzerland Reference 50-98315 (JP, A) JP-A-53-40068 (JP, A) JP-A-5-509210 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H04R 25 / 00

Claims (18)

(57) [Claims] 1. A hearing aid to be worn on the ear, which comprises electronic components and has a shape compatible with an ear canal, comprising an outer end surface (AS), an inner end surface (IS) and a circumferential surface (M). And an outer support element (3) forming an outer end surface (AS) and having an injection opening (34). , A framework comprising an inner support element (4) forming an inner end surface (IS) and a connecting element (5) connecting the support elements (3, 4), said framework (3, 4, 5)
Carries at least a part of the electronic components, and the supporting elements (3, 4) are such that the microporous diaphragm (2) essentially constitutes the circumferential surface of said frustum or cylinder. Fixed, the microporous membrane (2) is gas permeable and personalized in the molding chamber formed by the microporous membrane (2) and the outer support element (3) and the inner support element (4) Hearing aid characterized by being impermeable to liquid or pasty molding materials used for molding the molding (1). 2. A hearing aid according to claim 1, characterized in that the microporous membrane (2) is oil-repellent and water-repellent at least in the outer part of the hearing aid. 3. A hearing aid according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the diaphragm (2) is made of a foamed and stretched polytetrafluoroethylene material. 4. A hearing aid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the microporous membrane (2) comprises a silicone polymer crosslinked by addition or condensation and laser or plasma etching or mechanical means. A hearing aid characterized by having pores formed by. 5. Hearing aid according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the microporous membrane (2) is woven or knitted from plastic fibres. 6. A hearing aid according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the microporous diaphragm (2) carries an intermediate layer on the side facing the skeleton of the hearing aid. And hearing aids. 7. The hearing aid according to claim 6, wherein the intermediate layer is made of open-pore foam or mesh. 8. A hearing aid according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hearing aid is between the microporous diaphragm (2) and the skeleton (3,4,5). (1)
A hearing aid characterized by having. 9. A hearing aid according to claim 8, characterized in that the molding (1) at least partially comprises vinylpolysiloxane. 10. Hearing aid according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the molding element (1) contains an additive for improving its absorption properties. 11. The hearing aid according to claim 10, wherein:
A hearing aid characterized in that the additive is a piece of foam or a hollow glass ball. 12. A hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the end faces (AS, IS) is completely or partly covered by the microporous diaphragm (2). Hearing aid characterized by being. 13. A hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the support elements (3, 4) comprises a closure element (3.2, 4.2). A hearing aid characterized by being designed as (3.1, 4.1). 14. A hearing aid according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the microporous diaphragm (2) is welded or glued to the support elements (3, 4) or the diaphragm fixing means. Hearing aid characterized by being fixed by. 15. A hearing aid according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the connecting element (5) is plastically deformable. 16. The hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the connecting element (5) is hollow and the supporting element (3, 4) has a discharge opening (3).
Hearing aid, characterized in that the discharge openings (35, 45) together with the cavity of the connecting element (5) form a pressure compensation channel. 17. A method of personalizing a hearing aid according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein a general hearing aid different from the personalized hearing aid in that the molding member is missing is worn. Placed in the ear of the person and filled with a curable molding material through an injection opening (34) into a substantially tubular molding chamber between the skeleton and the microporous septum, the septum being the wall of the ear canal. Air that has been engaged with and that has been expelled by the molding process into the molding cavity is removed through the microporous membrane (2). 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the skeletons (3,4,5) are approximately fitted to the individual ear canals by moving the support elements (3,4) relative to each other before the molding process. A method characterized by the following.