JP3363163B2 - Variable pitch propeller drive - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a drive device for changing a mounting angle of blades with respect to a rotating main shaft of a variable pitch propeller in a hydraulic machine or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in a water turbine, a pump, a blower or the like, a variable pitch propeller capable of arbitrarily changing a mounting angle of a blade with respect to a rotating shaft is used and its load is adjusted by changing a mounting angle of the blade. There are things you can do.

That is, a runner boss having a plurality of blades mounted radially is integrally connected to one end of the rotary main shaft, and the support shafts of the respective blades are rotatably supported around the axis within the runner boss. There is. On the other hand, a hydraulic cylinder is formed in a part of the hollow rotating main shaft, and one end of an operating rod concentrically inserted into the hollow rotating main shaft is inserted into a piston arranged in the hydraulic cylinder. The blades are connected and the other end is connected to the support shaft of each blade via a link mechanism.

Then, pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder from the end of the rotating main shaft via a pressure distribution valve, and the piston is moved in an arbitrary direction to move the operating rod in the axial direction. The support shafts of the blades are rotated about their axes to change the mounting angle of each blade.

[0005]

However, in such a device, the supply and discharge of the hydraulic pressure to and from the hydraulic cylinder is performed in order to adjust the mounting angle of the blade even during the drive rotation of the rotary main shaft. This has to be done via a rotary seal mechanism or the like, and there is a problem that the hydraulic seal mechanism becomes complicated. In particular, in the case of a fluid such as a water turbine that handles a fluid having a larger viscous resistance than air, the resistance against the blades becomes a large reaction force and loads the hydraulic cylinder side, so that a considerably high hydraulic pressure must be operated. There is also a possibility of accidents such as oil leakage and seizure at the seal.

On the other hand, as described in JP-A-60-81469 and JP-A-60-153479, an electric motor is used instead of a hydraulic cylinder, and the output shaft of this electric motor is connected via a gear train. Connected to the operating rod,
It is also proposed that the operating rod is reciprocated. However, in such a case, the operating rod is driven by generating a relative rotation difference between the rotating shaft of the electric motor and the rotating main shaft, and at the time of steady operation, the rotating shaft of the electric motor and the rotating main shaft are integrally rotated to move the blades. It is necessary to keep the mounting angle unchanged, but there is a problem that the conventional device cannot construct a drive device having a desired function, or a separate clutch is required.

In view of the above, the present invention has a variable pitch propeller drive capable of reliably adjusting the blade mounting angle according to the amount of rotation of the motor shaft by an electric motor installed in a stationary portion without using a hydraulic cylinder. The purpose is to obtain the device.

A first aspect of the present invention is a variable pitch propeller drive device for changing an attachment angle of a variable pitch propeller attached to the rotating main shaft by relatively rotating an output shaft arranged concentrically with the rotating main shaft. In this case, a case portion integrally provided concentrically with the rotation main shaft at one end of the rotation main shaft, a fixed shaft provided so as to be arranged inside the case portion from the center of the upper end of the case main portion, and a fixed shaft concentric with the rotation main shaft, A fixed sun gear provided at one end inside the case portion of the fixed shaft, an input shaft that is provided concentrically with the fixed shaft penetrating the inside of the fixed shaft, and is driven by an electric motor provided outside the case portion, A drive sun gear fixedly provided at one end in the case portion of the input shaft, a planetary gear that meshes with the drive sun gear and revolves around the drive sun gear, A planetary gear that meshes with the sun gear and revolves around the fixed sun gear, an internal gear that has a first internal gear and a second internal gear that mesh with the planetary gear, and the fixed sun gear. First rotation transmitting means for transmitting the rotation of the case portion to the planetary gear so as to rotate and revolve the meshing planetary gear, and second rotation for transmitting the rotation of the planetary gear meshing with the driving sun gear to the output shaft. A transmission means, wherein the numbers of teeth of the drive sun gear and the fixed sun gear are Z ₁ and Z ₁ ′, and the numbers of teeth of the first and second internal gears of the internal gear are Z ₂ and Z ₂ , respectively. ′, Z ₁ / Z ₂ = Z ₁ ′ / Z ₂ ′. A second aspect of the invention is a variable pitch propeller drive device that changes an attachment angle of a variable pitch propeller attached to the rotating main shaft by relatively rotating an output shaft that is concentric with the rotating main shaft. A case portion integrally provided concentrically with the rotation main shaft at one end of the rotation main shaft, a fixed shaft provided so as to be arranged inside the case portion from a center of an upper end of the rotation main shaft, and a fixed shaft concentric with the rotation main shaft, A fixed sun gear provided at one end inside the case portion, an input shaft penetrating the inside of the fixed shaft and concentric with the fixed shaft, and driven by an electric motor provided outside the case portion, and the input shaft A bevel gear fixedly provided at one end in the case portion, a planetary gear provided so as to mesh with the fixed sun gear, and the rotation of the case portion is transmitted to the planetary gear. 1 rotation transmission means, a planetary gear device comprising a planet bevel gear provided so as to mesh with the outer periphery of the first bevel gear, and a planet gear fixed to the same axis as the planet gear that meshes with the fixed sun gear. The spur gear that transmits the rotation of the planetary gear fixed to the same axis as the planetary gear that meshes with the fixed sun gear to the planetary bevel gear of the planetary gear device, and the planetary bevel gear of the planetary gear device that meshes with the output. A second bevel gear provided at one end of the shaft, and a fixed sun gear, a planetary gear meshing with the fixed sun gear, a planetary gear fixed to the same axis as the planetary gear, and a spur gear meshing with the planetary gear. The number of teeth of Z ₁ , respectively
When Z ₂ , Z ₃ and Z ₄ are used, the tooth number ratio is (Z ₁ / Z ₂ ) ×
Characterized in that the _{(Z 3 / Z 4) =} 1/2.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of a variable pitch propeller turbine to which the device of the present invention is applied. A rotary main shaft 1 integrally attached with a runner boss 1a at its lower end is rotatably supported by a bearing 2. ing. Above runner boss 1a
A plurality of blades 3 are attached in the radial direction, the support shafts 3a of the respective blades are rotatably supported in the runner boss 1a, and the attachment angle of the blades 3 can be changed by rotating the support shafts 3a. I can do it.

On the other hand, the rotating main shaft 1 is formed in a hollow shape, and an operating rod 4 is concentrically arranged in the rotating main shaft 1 so as to be movable only in the axial direction, and an arm fixed to the lower end of the operating rod 4. 4a is connected to each support shaft 3a of the blade 3 via a link and lever mechanism 5. Therefore, by reciprocally moving the operation rod 4 in the axial direction, the attachment angle of each blade 3 can be changed via the link and lever mechanism 5.

A planetary gear unit 6 of the variable pitch propeller drive device according to the present invention is provided at the top end of the rotary main shaft 1, and an input shaft 7 to the planetary gear unit 6 is a coupling 8 and an intermediate shaft. It is connected via 9 to an electric motor 10 installed in the stationary part. Further, the output shaft 11 at the other end of the planetary gear device 6 is designed to support a large thrust force by the thrust bearing 14, and the screw portion 1 formed at the lower end thereof.
1a is screwed onto the top portion 4b of the operating rod 4.

Therefore, when relative rotation is generated between the rotating main shaft 1 and the output shaft 11, the operating rod 4 moves in the axial direction, and the mounting angle of each blade 3 is changed via the link and lever mechanism 5. Be changed. Further, when the rotating main shaft 1 and the output shaft 11 are integrally rotated, the output shaft 11 and the operating rod 4 rotate integrally, so that the operating rod 4 does not move in the axial direction, and the mounting angle of each blade 3 is predetermined. Maintained at the value.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the above-mentioned planetary gear unit 6 in which a case 15 of the planetary gear unit 6 is integrally mounted on the top of the rotary spindle 1. A fixed shaft 16 is inserted through the top wall of the case 15, and the bearing 16
It is mounted so as to be relatively rotatable by a. The fixed shaft 16 has an arm 17 and a stopper 1 as shown in FIG.
Its rotational movement is restricted by 8.

The input shaft 7 is concentrically inserted through the fixed shaft 16, and a bearing 19 provided between the fixed shaft 16 and the input shaft 7 and a shaft support portion 2 provided on an arm to be described later are provided.
It is rotatably supported by 0. A drive sun gear 21 is integrally formed on the lower portion of the input shaft 7, and a plurality of planet gears 22 that revolve around the drive sun gear 21 are meshed with the drive sun gear 21. .

The planetary gear 22 is rotatably mounted on a support shaft 23 provided on an arm 12 formed integrally with the output shaft 11, and revolves around the driving sun gear 21 while rotating on its own axis. The output shaft 11 is rotated. further,
An internal gear 24 is arranged on the outer periphery of the planetary gear 22, and a first internal gear 24 a of the internal gear 24 is meshed with the planetary gear 22. In addition, the output shaft 11
Is arranged on the same axis as the input shaft 7, penetrates the bottom wall of the case 15, and is rotatably supported by the case 15 by bearings 25a and 25b.

On the other hand, the bearing 16a inserted in the case 15
A fixed sun gear 26 is integrally formed on the lower end of a fixed shaft 16 pivotally supported by the case 15, and a plurality of orbiters revolving around the fixed sun gear 26 are formed around the fixed sun gear 26. The planetary gear 27 is meshed with the planetary gear 27, and the planetary gear 27 is meshed with the second internal gear 24b of the internal gear 24 arranged on the outer periphery of the planetary gear 27.

The planetary gear 27 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 29 projecting from an arm 28 fixed to the inner wall of the case 15. Further, the case 15 and the fixed shaft 1
Packings 30a, 30b, 30c are provided between the shaft 6 and the output shaft 11, and between the fixed shaft 16 and the input shaft 7, and the case 15 is filled with lubricating oil.

Therefore, two sets of sun gears 21 and 26, which are gears, are used.
The number of teeth of Z ₁ and Z ₁ ′, respectively,
And the number of teeth of the second internal gears 24a, 24b is Z ₂ and Z
₂ 'and the gear ratio of the two sets of gears _{Z 1 / Z 2 = Z 1} ' /
Equalize as Z ₂ ′ = 1 / R.

However, the rotating main shaft 1 is rotating at a speed of ω ₀ , the electric motor 10 is set to be stopped, and the driving sun gear 21 is set.
Is stopped, the fixed sun gear 26 moves to the fixed shaft 1
Since it is fixed by the rotation constraint of 6, the planetary gear 27
There is driven from the rotary main shaft 1 through the case 15 and the arm 28, revolving on a locus revolves at a speed of omega _0, the rotational force by the second internal gear 24b internal gear 24 via the the omega ₁ It is driven to rotate in the same direction as the rotating spindle 1 at a speed (Fig. 3).

On the other hand, when the internal gear 24 rotates at the speed of ω ₁ as described above, the driving sun gear 21 is stopped, so that the planetary gear 22 is driven by the planetary gear 22 via the gear 24a.
While revolving around 1, it is revolved at a speed of ω ₀ ′,
By the revolution of the planetary gear 22, the output shaft 11 is rotated at a speed of ω ₀ ′ via the arm 12 (FIG. 4).

By the way, the rotational speed of the rotary main shaft 1, that is, the revolution speed ω ₀ of the planetary gear 27 and the rotational speed ω _{1 of the} internal gear 24.
Has the following relationship.

Ω1 = (1 + Z1 '/ Z2') ω0 Further, the following relationship also exists between the rotational speed ω1 of the internal gear 24 and the revolution speed ω0 'of the output shaft 11, that is, the planetary gear 22 ω0' = ω1 / (1 + Z1 / Z2) On the other hand, the ratio of the number of teeth is Z1 / Z2 = Z1 '/ Z2 as described above.
Since it is made equal to ′ = 1 / R, ω0 = ω0 ′, and the output shaft 11 rotates synchronously with the main spindle 1 as a unit. Therefore, the operating rod 4 and the output shaft 11 do not rotate integrally and the operating rod 4 does not move in the axial direction, and the attachment angle of the blade 3 is maintained at a predetermined value.

Although the mounting angle of the blades 3 does not change when the input shaft 7 is stopped by the stop setting of the electric motor as described above, when the input shaft 7 is operated at a speed of ± ω, it rotates with the output shaft 11. ± ω / between main shaft 1 and operating rod 4
A decelerated speed difference is generated at (1 + R). Therefore,
Due to this speed difference, the operating rod 4 is moved up and down, and the mounting angle of the blade 3 is changed.

FIG. 5 is a view showing another embodiment of the present invention, in which a bevel gear 31 is attached to the lower end of the input shaft 7,
A planet bevel gear 32, which revolves around the axis of the input shaft 7 while rotating on its axis, is meshed with the bevel gear 31. Further, the planetary bevel gear 32 is meshed with a bevel gear 33 having the same number of teeth as the bevel gear 31 provided at the top end of the output shaft 11 arranged on the same axis as the input shaft 7.

The frame 34, which supports the planetary bevel gear 32, is rotatably supported on the case 15 by bearings 34a and 34b on the axes of the input / output shafts 7 and 11.

On the other hand, spur gears 35 and 36 are integrally formed at the lower end of the fixed shaft 16 and the top end of the frame 34, respectively.
7, 38 are meshed. These spur gears 37 and 38
Are fixed to the same shaft 39, and the shaft 39 is rotatably supported by support arms 40a and 40b projecting from the inner wall of the case 15. Other configurations are the same as those shown in FIG.

Then, the case 15 together with the rotary spindle 1
When is rotated, the spur gear 37 revolves around the spur gear 35 while revolving, and the spur gear 38 also revolves around the spur gear 35, so that the rotating force rotates the frame 34 together with the spur gear 36. . Therefore, the spur gears 35, 3 are
The numbers of teeth of 7, 38, and 36 are sequentially Z ₁ , Z ₂ , Z ₃ , Z ₄ ,
Then, if the tooth number ratio is selected to be (Z ₁ / Z ₂ ) × (Z ₃ / Z ₄ ) = 1 / R = 1/2, then the reduction ratio of the gear train is 1-1. Since / R = 1-1 / 2, the frame 34 is driven at a speed of 1/2 in the rotation direction of the rotary spindle 1.

When the input shaft 7 is stopped and the bevel gear 31 is fixed while the frame 34 is rotating in this manner, the planet bevel gear 32 revolves around the bevel gear 31 while revolving around the bevel gear 31. The bevel gear 33 is rotated by the rotational force and the output shaft 11 is rotated.

By the way, since the bevel gear 31 and the bevel gear 33 have the same number of teeth, the output shaft 11 rotates in the same direction as the frame body 34 at a speed that is twice that of the frame 34, and eventually the output shaft 1
1 is rotated in the same direction as the rotating main shaft 1 in the same direction, and the operation rod 4 is not operated.

On the other hand, when the input shaft 7 is actuated, an output having a constant velocity and a direction opposite to that of the input shaft 7 is obtained at the output shaft 11, and the operating rod 4 corresponds to the difference in rotation between the output shaft 11 and the rotary spindle 1. Is moved up and down, and the blade mounting angle is adjusted.

In the above first and second embodiments,
In both of them, the rotation difference between the output shaft 11 and the rotary main shaft 1 is once converted into a linear motion and the blade mounting angle is changed by this linear motion, but the present invention is not limited to such an example. The blade mounting angle may be directly changed by rotating the output shaft. For example, when the present invention is applied to a mixed flow turbine in which the blade mounting angle is directly changed by the rotation of the normal operation shaft, a reduction gear having a large gear ratio is attached to the output shaft 11, and the output of this reduction gear is set. It is preferable to directly change the mounting angle of the blade by rotating the shaft.

[0033]

As described above, the present invention uses the planetary gear unit in which the rotation amount of the input shaft is proportional to the difference between the rotation amount of the output shaft and the rotation amount of the rotation main shaft for changing the mounting angle of the blades. Since the input shaft of the planetary gear device is connected to the electric motor installed in the stationary part, the output shaft and the rotating shaft are always rotated by the electric motor and the differential device composed of the planetary gear device regardless of the rotation speed of the rotating main shaft. The relative angle change amount with respect to the main shaft can be accurately proportional to the rotation angle change amount of the motor shaft, and the blade mounting angle can be accurately controlled only by rotating the input shaft in the forward or reverse direction by the motor. be able to.
Moreover, in the present invention, when the electric motor is stopped and the input shaft is stationary, the relative rotation between the rotating main shaft and the output shaft is set to 0, so that the input shaft is in a steady state except when the blade mounting angle is changed. It is stationary, and the input shaft only needs to be rotated when changing the mounting angle of the blades, and it is not necessary to provide a clutch mechanism or the like between the electric motor and the input shaft, and the structure can be made extremely simple. . Further, since the blade attachment change is operated only by the differential device including the planetary gear mechanism, there is an advantage that the blade angle change amount does not change with time. Further, as described above, since the drive amount of the electric motor and the amount of change in the angle of the blade are proportional to each other, the blade angle detecting mechanism can be simplified.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a main part of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an overall view showing a schematic configuration of a variable pitch propeller drive device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory view of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an operation explanatory view of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 rotating spindle 1a Lanna Boss 3 feathers 4 Operation rod 7 Input axis 10 electric motor 11 Output shaft 11a screw part 15 cases 16 fixed axis 21 drive sun gear 22, 27 planetary gears 24 Internal gear 26 fixed sun gear 31 bevel gears 32 Planetary bevel gears 35, 36, 37, 38 Spur gears

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Takashi Okawara               66-2 Horikawa-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture               Engineering Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yasuaki Otani               66-2 Horikawa-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Tokyo               Engineering Service Co., Ltd.                (56) References JP-A-60-153479 (JP, A)                 JP-A-60-81469 (JP, A)                 Seizaburo Ashiha, "Mechanical movement mechanism",               Gihodo Co., Ltd., (Sho 36.10.15), No.               12, 95, 96 pages

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A variable pitch propeller drive device for changing the mounting angle of a variable pitch propeller mounted on a rotating main shaft by relatively rotating an output shaft arranged concentrically with the rotating main shaft. A case portion integrally provided concentrically with the rotating main shaft at one end of the main shaft, a fixed shaft concentric with the fixed rotating main shaft and arranged so as to be arranged inside the case portion from the center of the upper end of the case portion, A fixed sun gear provided at one end inside the case portion, an input shaft penetrating the inside of the fixed shaft and provided concentrically with the fixed shaft, and driven by an electric motor provided outside the case portion, and the input shaft A drive sun gear fixedly provided at one end in the case portion, a planet gear that meshes with the drive sun gear and revolves around the drive sun gear, and meshes with the fixed sun gear. And a planetary gear that revolves around the fixed sun gear, an internal gear that has a first internal gear and a second internal gear that mesh with the planet gears, and a planet that meshes with the fixed sun gear. First rotation transmitting means for transmitting the rotation of the case portion to the planetary gear so as to rotate and revolve the gear, and second rotation transmitting means for transmitting the rotation of the planetary gear meshing with the drive sun gear to the output shaft. When the number of teeth of the driving sun gear and the number of teeth of the fixed sun gear are Z ₁ and Z ₁ ′, and the numbers of teeth of the first and second internal gears are Z ₂ and Z ₂ ′, respectively. , Z
A variable pitch propeller drive device characterized in that ₁ / Z ₂ = Z ₁ ′ / Z ₂ ′. 2. The first rotation transmission means is configured to transmit rotation to a gear of the first planetary gear device by a protrusion provided on the inner wall of the case portion. 1. The variable pitch propeller drive device according to 1. 3. A variable pitch propeller drive device for changing the mounting angle of a variable pitch propeller mounted on the rotating main shaft by relatively rotating an output shaft arranged concentrically with the rotating main shaft. A case portion integrally provided concentrically with the rotating main shaft at one end of the main shaft, a fixed shaft provided so as to be disposed inside the case portion from the center of the upper end of the case portion, and a fixed shaft concentric with the rotating main shaft, and the fixed shaft A fixed sun gear provided at one end inside the case portion, an input shaft that is provided concentrically with the fixed shaft through the inside of the fixed shaft, and is driven by an electric motor provided outside the case portion, and an input shaft of this input shaft. A first bevel gear fixedly provided at one end in the case portion, a planetary gear provided so as to mesh with the fixed sun gear, and a first bevel gear that transmits the rotation of the case portion to the planetary gear. A planetary gear device comprising a rotation transmitting means, a planetary bevel gear provided so as to mesh with the outer periphery of the first bevel gear, a planetary gear fixed to the same axis as the planetary gear meshing with the fixed sun gear, A spur gear that transmits the rotation of a planetary gear fixed to the same shaft as the planetary gear that meshes with the fixed sun gear to the planetary bevel gear of the planetary gear device, and the planetary bevel gear of the planetary gear device that meshes with the output shaft. A fixed sun gear, a planetary gear meshing with the fixed sun gear, a planetary gear fixed on the same axis as the planetary gear, and a spur gear meshing with the planetary gear. _Z 1 number of teeth _{respectively, Z 2, Z 3, Z} 4 and the gear ratio _(Z 1 / _{Z 2)} when _{× (Z 3 / Z 4)} = 1/2 and to a variable pitch, characterized in that the Propeller drive.