JP3354293B2 - 3D graphics device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional graphics device for generating a two-dimensional image by projecting a virtual three-dimensional world onto a two-dimensional plane arranged in the three-dimensional world. In the device, a two-dimensional image that projects a virtual three-dimensional world including a mirror and a three-dimensional object reflected on the mirror reflects the reflection of the three-dimensional object on the mirror in the three-dimensional world. And high-speed generation technology.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A real two-dimensional image is generated by projecting a virtual three-dimensional world including a mirror and a three-dimensional object reflected on the mirror as a three-dimensional shape onto a two-dimensional plane arranged in the three-dimensional world. To do so, the reflection of a three-dimensional object in a three-dimensional world on a mirror must also be reflected in the two-dimensional image.

[0003] As a conventional technique capable of reflecting the reflection of a three-dimensional object on a mirror in a three-dimensional world in a two-dimensional image, a technique called a ray tracing method is known. In this technique, from each point on a two-dimensional plane that projects a three-dimensional world. The trajectory of a ray emitted in the direction opposite to the projection direction to that point is traced while taking into account the attenuation and reflection of light, and the reflectivity of a mirror on the trajectory and a point on a three-dimensional shape that the ray hits, The color projected on a point on the two-dimensional plane is determined according to the transmittance, the color (lightness, saturation, lightness) and the like.

However, such a ray tracing method has a large processing amount, and it is difficult to generate a two-dimensional image at a high speed. For this reason, a two-dimensional image that projects the three-dimensional world is generated in real time in response to a change in the arrangement of the two-dimensional plane that projects the three-dimensional world in the three-dimensional world and the arrangement or texture of the three-dimensional shape. Therefore, it is impossible to configure an interactive system that accepts a user's operation in the three-dimensional world and immediately displays an image corresponding to the operation.

Therefore, conventionally, a three-dimensional object corresponding to a virtual image of a mirror of a three-dimensional object is arranged on the other side of the mirror in the three-dimensional world, on the opposite side of the three-dimensional shape that is the source of the virtual image. In addition to the three-dimensional shape described above, a two-dimensional image in which a three-dimensional shape corresponding to a virtual image by a mirror is projected on a two-dimensional plane has been generated using a Z-buffer method.

Here, the Z-buffer method refers to a point on a three-dimensional shape on a line extending from a point on a two-dimensional plane for projecting a three-dimensional world in a direction opposite to a projection direction to the point.
The color of the point on the three-dimensional shape closest to the two-dimensional plane is set as the color of the point on the two-dimensional plane that extends the perpendicular.

[0007]

However, a three-dimensional object corresponding to the above-described virtual image of the three-dimensional object by the mirror is placed on the opposite side of the mirror, the three-dimensional object that is the source of the virtual image, in the three-dimensional world. According to the placement technology, a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a three-dimensional world onto a two-dimensional plane can be used to change the placement of the two-dimensional plane that projects the three-dimensional world in the three-dimensional world, and to place three-dimensional shapes and materials (colors). , Patterns, etc.) are generated in real time with the following problems.

First, when the two-dimensional plane for projecting the three-dimensional world is set on the back side of the mirror, that is, on the side on which the three-dimensional object corresponding to the virtual image is arranged, the three-dimensional plane corresponding to the virtual image is set. Is projected on a two-dimensional plane, and a correct two-dimensional image cannot be obtained.

Further, the three-dimensional object corresponding to the virtual image and the three-dimensional object serving as the virtual image are treated as independent three-dimensional objects. Even if a change is made, 3 corresponding to the virtual image
This is not reflected in dimensional objects.

Further, according to this technique, when the mirror surface is a curved surface, there is a problem that a two-dimensional image in which a reflection of a three-dimensional object in a three-dimensional object on a mirror is correctly reflected cannot be generated. .

Accordingly, the present invention provides a two-dimensional image that projects a three-dimensional world in accordance with a change in the arrangement of a two-dimensional plane for projecting a three-dimensional world, a change in the arrangement of three-dimensional shapes, and a change in texture. It is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional graphics device capable of generating the image at high speed while correctly reflecting the reflection of the three-dimensional object on the mirror in the three-dimensional world.

In addition, according to the present invention, even when the mirror surface is a curved surface, the two-dimensional image projected on the three-dimensional world correctly reflects the reflection of the three-dimensional object in the three-dimensional world on the mirror. It is another object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional graphics device capable of generating images at a higher speed.

[0013]

To achieve the above object,
The present invention is, for example, a three-dimensional graphics device that generates a two-dimensional image obtained by photographing a virtual three-dimensional space with a virtual camera arranged in the three-dimensional space.
Virtual objects and virtual mirrors arranged in a three-dimensional space,
Object data defining the shape and arrangement of a virtual image object, which is an object having a shape and arrangement corresponding to the virtual image of the virtual object by the virtual mirror, and a virtual image corresponding to the virtual image object and the virtual image object means accepting accepting and storing means for storing the relationship information that relates said virtual mirror gave birth, the virtual camera for capturing the three-dimensional space, the setting of the arrangement on the three-dimensional space, wherein When the arrangement of the camera received by the receiving means is on the front side of the mirror surface with respect to the virtual mirror in the three-dimensional space, the camera is assigned to the virtual mirror by the relation information stored in the storage means. A pair for displaying the associated virtual image object .
When the virtual image object is determined to be an elephant and is located behind the mirror surface with respect to the mirror, the virtual image object associated with the virtual mirror is displayed by the relation information stored in the storage means .
Determining means for determining that the virtual object is not an elephant ; and assuming that the virtual image object can be seen through a virtual mirror that created the virtual image object from a camera having the arrangement received by the receiving means, the virtual object; Generating a two-dimensional image obtained by capturing an image of a typical mirror and a virtual image object determined to be displayed by the determination unit by the camera based on the object data stored in the storage unit. There is provided a three-dimensional graphics device comprising: a three-dimensional image generating means; and a display means for displaying the generated two-dimensional image.

[0014]

According to the three-dimensional graphics device of the present invention described above, the virtual object, the virtual mirror, and the virtual object arranged in the three-dimensional space are arranged in the three-dimensional space. Data defining the shape and arrangement of a virtual image object, which is an object having a shape and an arrangement corresponding to a virtual image by a virtual mirror, and the virtual mirror that has produced the virtual image object and a virtual image corresponding to the virtual image object Is stored, and a two-dimensional image is generated based on the information. Accordingly, a two-dimensional image can be generated at high speed by the Z buffer method or the like without using the ray tracing method. In addition, according to the arrangement of the camera received by the receiving unit with respect to the virtual mirror, whether to display the virtual image object associated with the virtual mirror by the relation information stored in the storage unit Is determined.

Accordingly, if the camera turns behind the virtual mirror, the virtual image object corresponding to the virtual image generated by the virtual mirror is excluded from the two-dimensional image generation target in advance. can do.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a three-dimensional graphics device according to the present invention will be described below.

First, the hardware configuration of the three-dimensional graphics device according to the present embodiment will be described.

The three-dimensional graphics device according to the present embodiment can be realized using an electronic computer system having a general configuration as shown in FIG. 1, for example.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 100 denotes a computer main body provided with a CPU, a main storage device, a frame memory, and the like; 101, a display for displaying a two-dimensional image or the like generated by the three-dimensional graphics device; An external storage device 103 for storing data is an input device such as a keyboard or a mouse for receiving an instruction from a user.

In the first embodiment, a configuration as shown in FIG. 2 is constructed on such a computer system.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 201 denotes a user interface module; 202, an event management module;
03 is a file I / O module, 204 is a data management module, 205 is a display / non-display determination module, 2
06 is a display module, 208 is a save memory, 209 is a Z buffer, and 210 is a frame memory. Also, 1
02 denotes an external storage device, and 103 denotes an input device.

A user interface module 201,
An event management module 202, a file I / O module 203, a data management module 204, a display / non-display determination module 205, and a display module 206 are provided on a computer main body 100 by a predetermined CPU 100. It is realized as a process embodied according to the execution of the program.

Reference numeral 208 denotes an evacuation memory, and reference numeral 209 denotes a Z buffer, which is constructed on a main storage device on the computer main body 100. The frame memory 210 is constructed on a main storage device on the computer main body 100. However, the computer body 100
Alternatively, these dedicated memories may be provided and used.

Now, the user interface module 2
Reference numeral 01 controls and manages display of an image for a user interface on the display 101 and reception of a user operation input using the input device 103 in response thereto. That is, the user interface module 201
Provides a GUI. Event management module 202
The file I / O module is used in accordance with the operation of the user received by the user interface module 203.
The module 203, the data management module 204, the display / non-display determination module 205, and the display module 206 are activated and processed. The file I / O module reads various data from the external storage device 102 or writes various data to the external storage device 102 in accordance with an instruction from the event management module 202.

The external storage device 102 stores various data representing a virtual three-dimensional space.

Hereinafter, these data will be described.

First, a coordinate system used in this embodiment will be described.

The case of processing a virtual three-dimensional world shown in FIG. 3 will be described as an example.

FIG. 3 shows that four three-dimensional shapes 301, 302, 303 and 304 are arranged in a three-dimensional space defined by a coordinate system all. here,
The three-dimensional shape 304 is a mirror. Now, this coordinate system all
Is referred to as a real space a, and a three-dimensional shape directly arranged in the real space a is referred to as a real image object.

The shape, color, and the like of each real image object are defined on a coordinate system uniquely set for the real image object. Accordingly, the position of each real image object in the real space a is defined by the position on the coordinate system all of the coordinate system uniquely set for the real image object.

In this embodiment, the coordinate system mir which is set uniquely for the real image object mirror 304 is further provided.
three-dimensional shapes 301a, 302a, and 303 corresponding to virtual images of the three objects 301, 302, and 303 excluding the mirrors on the three-dimensional space defined by the mirror 304
a is arranged. Now, the three-dimensional space defined by the coordinate system mirror is referred to as a mirror space m. Also,
The three-dimensional shape corresponding to the virtual image formed by the three-dimensional mirror is called a virtual image object. When a three-dimensional shape is called without particularly distinguishing a real image object and a virtual image object, they are simply called objects.

A coordinate system is uniquely provided for these virtual image objects, and the shape, color, and the like of the virtual image object are defined on the coordinate system uniquely set for the virtual image object. Is defined.

Accordingly, the position of the virtual image object in the mirror space m is defined by the position of the coordinate system uniquely set for the virtual image object on the coordinate system mirror set specifically for the real image object mirror 304. You.
The position of each virtual image object in the real space m is determined by the coordinate system mirr uniquely set to the mirror object 304 in the coordinate system uniquely set to the virtual image object.
or and a position on the coordinate system all of the coordinate system mirror.

Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to manage the hierarchical structure of such a coordinate system and the correspondence between the objects and the virtual image objects corresponding to the virtual images of the objects, the external storage device 102 shown in FIG. In this way, data defining each object is stored in association with each other.

In FIG. 4, the data defining each object is related by the hierarchical structure of the coordinate system unique to each object and the correspondence between the object corresponding to the virtual image and the object that is the source of the virtual image.

The solid line in the drawing indicates the real image object mirror 30 below the coordinate system (all) defining the real space a in FIG.
4. Unique coordinate system (mirror, yuka, ita, hashira) of the yuka 301, the plate 303, and the column 302
Exists below the coordinate system mirror defining the mirror space m, the real image object yuka 301, the plate 303, and the column 30
2 corresponding to virtual image objects 301a, 303a, and 3
02a-specific coordinate system (yuka.rev, ita.re
v, hashira. rev) is present. The broken line in the figure indicates the association between the real image object and the virtual image object corresponding to the virtual image of the real image object.

Although the present embodiment shows a case where one virtual image object exists for one real image object, a plurality of mirror images corresponding to a plurality of virtual images by a plurality of mirrors are provided for one real image object. Even when a virtual image object exists, the structure shown in FIG.
It is also possible to define the hierarchical structure of the coordinate system and the correspondence between objects.

The data defining such a relationship is actually composed of, for example, a pointer indicating a hierarchical link, and two types of data indicating the correspondence between a real image object and a virtual image object corresponding to a virtual image of the real image object. It can be easily realized by a data structure that links each data defining each object using a pointer.

The data defining the object itself includes a portion representing the shape, color, and the like of the object in a coordinate system unique to the object, and a coordinate system higher than the definition of the coordinate system unique to the object in the definition shown in FIG. And a portion representing the arrangement in.

However, an object and an object corresponding to the virtual image are represented by the shape, color and the like of the object.
Since the portion expressed by the coordinate system unique to the object is common, this portion may actually share the same data. Note that voxel data and the like are usually used as data representing the shape, color, and the like of an object and a coordinate system specific to the object. However, data that represents the shape in other formats, for example, vector expression, is used. It may be used.

Also, in the definition of the coordinate system unique to the object shown in FIG. 4, the arrangement in the upper coordinate system is based on the position of the origin of the coordinate system unique to the object in the upper coordinate system and the unit of each coordinate system in both coordinate systems. It can be represented by the inclination of a vector or the like. Note that the arrangement in the higher coordinate system of the coordinate system unique to the virtual image object corresponding to the virtual image of a certain real image object can be obtained from the positional relationship between the mirror object that generated the virtual image and the real image object that was the source of the virtual image. it can. That is, for example, the arrangement in the mirror space m of the coordinate system unique to the virtual image object plate 303a in FIG.
An arrangement symmetrical with respect to the mirror 304 of the coordinate system is determined, and the corresponding arrangement in the mirror real space a is converted to the virtual image object
What is necessary is just to arrange on the mirror space m of the coordinate system specific to 03a. Whether or not the object is a real image object that generates a virtual image can be determined based on whether or not the real image object is on the mirror side of the mirror in the real space a. Accordingly, in this way, data defining the virtual image object is automatically generated for each mirror object in advance, and the generated virtual image object is associated with the hierarchy and the real image object shown in FIG. It may be performed automatically.

Hereinafter, the operation of the three-dimensional graphics device according to this embodiment will be described.

First, the case where the arrangement of the camera that defines the two-dimensional plane for projecting the real space a from the user via the input device 103 is set or changed will be described.

In this case, via the user interface module 201 and the event management module 202,
The file I / O module 203 and the display / non-display determination module 205 are activated. File I / O module
The module 203 reads out the data shown in FIG. 4 from the external storage device 102, and displays / hides the display / non-display determination module 205.
Give to.

The display / non-display determination module 205 uses these data to display / display at each level as shown in FIG.
Non-display determination process "is executed.

"Display / non-display determination processing at each level"
Performs a process based on the data described above with reference to FIG.

This process starts with the real space a of the uppermost layer (layer 0) of the hierarchical structure shown in FIG. In this processing, first, it is checked whether or not there is a target lower layer.
If it is 01, one of the objects in the lower layer (layer 1) of the object is targeted, and "display / non-display determination processing in each layer" is recursively performed on this object 502;
When this is completed, “display / non-display judgment processing at each layer” is performed for all objects in the lower layer (layer 1).
It is determined whether or not 503 has been completed. If not, one of the remaining objects in the lower layer (layer 1) is targeted, and the “display / non-display determination processing in each layer” for this target is performed. Perform 502 recursively. If the “display / non-display determination processing in each layer” 503 has been completed for all the lower layer (layer 1) objects, the process proceeds to step 504 and subsequent steps.

As a result of the above processing, in the tree-like hierarchical structure shown in FIG.
The following processing is performed. In the hierarchical structure shown in FIG. 4, for example, the virtual image 301a shown in FIG.
3a, pillar virtual image 302a), mirror 304 °, yuka 301,
The processing after step 504 is performed in the order of the plate 303 and the pillar 302.

The processing after step 504 will be described.

In step 504, it is determined whether or not the target object is a mirror, and if not, the process ends.

On the other hand, in the case of a mirror, first, a normal vector of the mirror surface in the real space a is obtained from the data of the mirror object 505. The position on the mirror surface where the normal line is set may be arbitrary. Then, a direction vector toward the camera set in the real space a is obtained 506 from the position on the mirror surface where the normal line is set. FIG. 6 shows an example of the normal vector of the mirror surface and the obtained direction vector. A plane perpendicular to the photographing direction of the camera is a two-dimensional plane P on which the real space a is projected.

Next, the angle formed by both the obtained vectors is obtained 508. If the formed angle is less than 90 degrees, "display" is performed on all the objects under the mirror.
Set. If the angle is 90 degrees or more, "non-display" is set for all objects existing under the mirror.

With the above processing, as shown in FIG. 7, when the camera is on the front side of the mirror surface with respect to the plane including the mirror surface, all the coordinate systems below the coordinate system of the mirror object are supported. "Display" is set for the object,
When the camera is behind the mirror surface with respect to the plane including the mirror surface, “non-display” is set for all objects below this mirror object.

When the above processing is completed, the object set to “non-display” is removed from the objects to be projected on the two-dimensional plane P, and only the remaining objects are projected onto the two-dimensional plane P. Generate

[0055] Consequently, as shown in FIG. 7, as shown in FIG. 7, the camera when in the front surface of the mirror, the object next to the displayed virtual image object corresponding to the virtual image by the mirror object, camera mirror When the camera is behind the surface, that is, when the camera goes behind the mirror, the virtual image object corresponding to the virtual image by the mirror object is not displayed.

The projection image generation processing will be described later in detail.

As shown in FIG. 8, when a real image object 801 also exists behind the mirror, the real image object 801 is placed on the mirror surface 80 of the mirror object.
2 or hidden by a wall object or the like which is an extension of this plane, and when it is known that the camera is never projected on the two-dimensional plane P when the camera is facing in the opposite direction to the mirror surface, the mirror surface 801 is used. If a mirror object having a mirror surface 802 is placed virtually back to back, and the real image object 801 on the back of the mirror is set as an object below this virtual mirror object, that is, the real image object 801 on the back of the mirror is virtual If the camera is facing in the direction opposite to the mirror surface, this object 801 can be “hidden” and excluded in advance from the two-dimensional image generation target if the camera is facing in the opposite direction to the mirror surface. it can.

Next, when a user inputs an instruction to change the movement of the real image object or change the material (texture, texture, etc.) via the input device 103, the user interface module 201, the event management module -Rule 202
, The file I / O module 203 and the data management module 204 are activated. The file I / O module 203 reads the various data described above from the external storage device 102 and supplies the data to the data management module 204.

The data management module 204 performs the “motion material change processing” shown in FIG. 9 using these data.

In this processing, the processing is first started for an object for which movement or material change is instructed first. In this process, first, it is checked whether the target object has an object associated with the relationship indicated by the broken line in FIG. 905, and if not, a motion is given to the target object or the target object is moved. The object is changed 908, and the process ends.

On the other hand, if there is an object associated with the target object t, one associated object t1 is targeted.
Recursively perform “movement / material change processing” 90
6. When this is completed, it is determined whether there is any other object associated with the object t in the same manner as the object t1 currently targeted, and 907 is determined. , "Motion /
The process of changing the material is recursively performed 906. On the other hand, if the object t does not exist, a motion is given to the object t, or the material is changed 908, and the process ends.

By the above processing, the real image object in which the motion or the material is changed and all the virtual image objects generated based on the motion or the material are moved or changed in accordance with the motion or the material change applied to the real image object. Can be applied.

Here, the material of the virtual image object is changed by performing the same change as the material change of the real image object.

On the other hand, the movement of the virtual image object is performed as follows according to the movement of the real image object.

As shown in FIG. 10, the coordinate system mirror1100 unique to the mirror object is changed to the coordinate system al in the real space.
Let us consider a case where they are arranged on l1000. In this example,
Coordinate system mirror1100 and coordinate system all 1000
Indicates that the directions of the Y axis and the Z axis coincide with each other, and the X axis faces in the opposite direction. In such a case, the real image object 120
When 0 moves, the virtual image object 1200a, which is a virtual image of the real image object, must be moved in a plane-symmetric relationship. In the example shown in FIG.
Assuming that the same change as the change in the coordinates of each axis of the coordinate system all 1000 of 200 is the change of the coordinate of the arrangement of the coordinate system unique to the virtual image object 1200a on the corresponding axis of the coordinate system mirror 1100, this plane symmetry relationship is obtained. Is satisfied. Therefore, this change is represented by the virtual image object 120.
A change in the coordinates of the coordinate system mirror 1100 of the coordinate system specific to the 0a.

In this example, for simplicity of explanation, the coordinate system mirror1100 is used for the coordinate system all
A case has been described in which the same coordinate change as that of 1000 can satisfy the plane-symmetric relationship. However, even when the coordinate system mirror 1100 and the coordinate system all 1000 have an arbitrary arrangement relationship, a mirror surface can be obtained on the real space a. In the direction parallel to the real image object, the same motion as the motion of the real image object is obtained, and in the direction perpendicular to the mirror surface, the motion reverse to the motion of the real image object is obtained.
The moved motion is mirrored in the coordinate system unique to the virtual image object.
It should be applied within.

In some cases, objects are defined hierarchically based on structural relationships and the like, for example, defining element objects such as a tabletop and feet below a table object. In such a case, the processing shown in FIG.
904 may be added, and when an instruction to change the material of an object called a table is given, the processing shown in FIG. 9 may be sequentially performed for each element object from the lower layer.

When the mirror object itself has been moved, the arrangement of all objects below the mirror object is determined again.

When the above processing is completed, a projection image is generated by projecting the real space a onto the two-dimensional plane P. This projection image generation processing will be described later in detail.

Here, when the reflection in the case where the mirror is reflected on the mirror is considered, that is, when one of the real image objects
Consider a case where not only a virtual image object corresponding to the next virtual image but also a virtual image of a virtual image object, that is, a virtual image object corresponding to a virtual image of a second order or higher of a real image object is considered.

When such a case is taken into consideration, the virtual image object is always represented by the lower-level structure (the data defining the lower-level virtual image object, the coordinate system between the lower-level objects) of the object from which the virtual image is based. (Hierarchical structure). In this way, even if there is a virtual image object corresponding to the virtual image by the second mirror of the first mirror that generates the (n-1) -th virtual image of the real image object, the n-1 by the first mirror The coordinate system of the virtual image object corresponding to the n-th virtual image of the virtual image object corresponding to the second virtual image by the second mirror is defined below the coordinate system of the virtual image object corresponding to the virtual image of the first mirror of the second mirror. You. However, also in this case, the virtual image object corresponding to the n-th virtual image is associated with the (n-1) -th virtual image object in a relationship indicated by a broken line in FIG.

In this manner, by the “display / non-display determination processing for each layer” shown in FIG. 5, a projection image is correctly obtained even for the virtual image object corresponding to the n-th virtual image of the real image object. be able to.

Further, in the “movement / material change processing” shown in FIG. 9, the change in the position of the virtual image object corresponding to the primary virtual image on the higher coordinate system of the coordinate system of the virtual image object is determined by 1 If the position of all virtual image objects directly or indirectly associated with the virtual image object 1200a corresponding to the next virtual image is changed in the coordinate system of the object higher than the virtual image object, the real image can be obtained. The virtual image object corresponding to the n-th virtual image of the object can also be correctly moved. As for the change of the material, the same change as the real image object can be applied to the virtual image object corresponding to the n-th virtual image of the real image object by the processing shown in FIG.

As described above, the “display / emergency determination process at each level” of the display / non-display determination module 205 and the “motion / material change process” by the data management module 204 are completed. A description will be given of a projection image generation process performed after the above.

When the processing by the display / non-display determination module 205 and the data management module 204 ends, the modules notify the event management module 202 of the end of the processing. . When the event management module 202 receives the notification, the event management module 202 displays the display module 20.
6 is instructed to generate a projection image.

Display module 206 receiving the instruction to generate
Executes the "display process" shown in FIG.

The contents of the display processing will be described.

In the hierarchical structure shown in FIG.
The objects one layer below are sequentially subjected to this processing.

This process is basically a process of erasing a hidden surface according to the Z-buffer method.

The Z buffer 209 is used to project a real space.
Color data and depth data are stored for each point on the dimensional plane P. Since points on the two-dimensional plane P correspond to pixels of the two-dimensional image projected on the two-dimensional plane P, the points on the two-dimensional plane P will be referred to as pixels hereinafter.

First, a case where a real image object that is not a mirror is processed will be described. In this case, in step 1211, the distance between a point on the surface of the target object and a pixel on the two-dimensional plane on which the point is projected is determined in order, and the Z buffer 209 corresponding to the pixel is determined. If the calculated distance is smaller than the distance indicated by the depth data, the depth data of this pixel is rewritten to the calculated distance, and the color data of this pixel is displayed on the surface of the target object. Rewrite with the color of the dot. Then, when the above processing is performed on all the points on the surface of the target object at positions projected onto the pixels on the two-dimensional plane, the processing is terminated.

When such processing is performed while sequentially processing a plurality of real image objects that are not mirrors, the Z buffer 209 stores points on the surface of the object that has been processed so far. Of these, the color of a point of a portion that is not hidden by the other surface of the object that has been processed so far, and the distance of that point to the pixel on which the point is projected are projected for that portion. It remains in the Z buffer 209 corresponding to the pixel.

Next, a case where a mirror object is processed will be described.

In this case as well, the above-described processing is performed on each surface of the mirror, but a different processing is performed only on the mirror surface. That is, if it is determined that the surface to be processed is a mirror surface 1201, first, all the depth data and color data of the Z buffer 209 are saved in the save memory 2.
1202 is evacuated to 08. Then, the depth data in the Z buffer 209 is all set to infinity, and the content of the color data is initialized to the color used as the color of the mirror surface when nothing is reflected. Then, if it is determined from the data shown in step 4 that the object exists below the mirror object, the display processing is sequentially performed recursively on all the objects one layer below the mirror object.
205, 1206. However, an object for which “non-display” is set by the display / non-display determination module 205 described above is not a target.

Assuming that only one virtual image object exists below this mirror object, "display processing" is recursively performed on all objects one layer below the mirror object. Of the points on the surface of all the virtual image objects one layer below, the color of the point of the part not hidden by the other surface of the virtual image object one layer below the mirror object and the point of that point are projected The distance to the pixel will remain in the Z buffer 209 corresponding to the pixel on which that portion is projected. Note that the lower layer object is projected onto the two-dimensional plane by moving the lower layer object to the real space a via the coordinate system of the upper object.

Next, it is determined again that the surface is a mirror surface 1207, and the following processing is performed. First, clipping processing 1208 is performed. That is, of the pixels on the two-dimensional plane P, the pixels within the range where the mirror surface is projected are obtained. Then, in step 1208, the depth data stored in the Z buffer 209 is set to infinity and the color is set to black corresponding to pixels other than the obtained pixels. Also, only the depth data of the pixels within the range where the mirror surface is projected,
Update the distance of the point on the mirror surface projected on the pixel to the pixel. As a result, as shown in FIG. 13, a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting the virtual image object on the two-dimensional plane P is obtained by attaching only a two-dimensional image of a part projected through a mirror to a mirror surface, The same thing as obtained when projecting on the two-dimensional plane P remains in the Z buffer 20.

Finally, the past contents of the Z buffer 209 saved in the save memory 208 are stored in the Z buffer 2.
Return to 09. However, in this case, the two-dimensional plane P
For each pixel, the saved depth data is compared with the current depth data of the Z buffer 209. If the saved depth data is smaller, the saved depth data and color data are compared. If the saved depth data is larger in the Z buffer 209 and the saved depth data and color data are not written in the Z buffer 209, the current contents of the Z buffer 209 are maintained.

If the above “display processing” has been performed for all objects one layer below the real space a, Z
The color data left in the buffer 209 is stored in the frame memory 2
Transfer to 10.

The contents transferred to the frame memory are displayed on the display 101.

In the two-dimensional image obtained as a result of the "display processing", only the portion of the real image object which is reflected on the mirror surface is correctly reflected. FIG.
Is performed for each mirror surface, so that a two-dimensional image in which reflection is correctly reflected can be obtained even when mirrors are arranged close to each other as shown in FIG.

As described above, the object is
For example, under the object named table,
Even in the case where elements such as feet are defined hierarchically based on structural relationships and the like, in the processing shown in FIG.
In the process of 07, the process shown in step 1211 is sequentially performed for each of the element objects from the lower layer, so that no problem occurs.

Further, when the reflection in the case where the mirror is reflected on the mirror is considered, that is, not only the virtual image object corresponding to the primary virtual image of the real image object, but also the virtual image of the virtual image object, that is, the real image object 2
Steps 1204 to 1207 are also applied to a case where a virtual image object corresponding to the next or higher virtual image is also considered.
By the above processing, it is possible to obtain a two-dimensional image processed from the mirror surface of the lower mirror object and correctly reflecting the reflection.

The embodiment of the three-dimensional graphics device according to this embodiment has been described above.

However, in the above embodiment, it may not be possible to cope with a case where the mirror surface is a curved surface.

Therefore, when the mirror surface is a curved surface, the display module 206 performs "display processing" as shown in FIG.

In this processing, the processing which is not a mirror object is performed in the same manner as the processing shown in FIG. However, for the mirror surface of the mirror object, a process of first generating a virtual image object is performed as follows.

That is, first, the object to be reflected on the mirror surface is determined in FIG. This can be approximately determined from the direction of the normal line set at a point on the mirror surface where the line segment extending from the camera to the shooting direction of the camera intersects, the arrangement of the camera, and the shooting direction. That is, as shown in FIG. 16, among the points on the mirror surface, the range of the real space a projected on the range projected on the two-dimensional plane P depends on the arrangement of the camera, the shooting direction, and the shooting direction of the camera from the camera. The object in the range of the real space a is defined as an object to be reflected on the mirror surface because it is approximately determined by the direction of the normal line drawn at a point on the mirror surface where the extended line segment intersects.

Next, the virtual image object corresponding to the virtual image by the mirror surface of the object reflected on the mirror surface is stored in step 1
Determined at 506. This is the point 160 where the virtual images of the vertices of each surface constituting the surface of the object reflected on the mirror surface are connected
1 is obtained, and the shape and arrangement obtained by connecting the points 1601 are defined as the shape and arrangement of the virtual image object. In addition, each point 1
The color of each surface obtained by connecting the 601 is assigned the color of the corresponding surface of the real image object.

When a virtual image object is obtained in this manner, the same processing as that of the mirror surface shown in FIG. 12 is performed in steps 1507 to 1512.

As described above, since the shape of the virtual image object corresponding to the virtual image formed by the mirror surface of the surface is generated based on the vertex coordinates of the object, the virtual image object can be generated at high speed even if the mirror surface is a curved surface.

[0101]

As described above, according to the present invention, in accordance with the change of the arrangement of the two-dimensional plane for projecting the three-dimensional world in the three-dimensional world, the arrangement of the three-dimensional shape, and the change of the texture, the three-dimensional plane is projected. A three-dimensional graphics device capable of generating a two-dimensional image at a high speed while correctly reflecting the reflection of a three-dimensional object on a mirror in the world can be provided.

Further, even when the mirror surface is a curved surface, a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting the three-dimensional world is generated at a higher speed while correctly reflecting the reflection of the three-dimensional object in the three-dimensional world on the mirror. And a three-dimensional graphics device capable of performing such operations.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of a three-dimensional graphics device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the three-dimensional graphics device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for generating a projection image according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a dimensional space.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a data structure of data defining an object according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of display / non-display determination processing at each layer performed in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a mechanism of display / non-display determination processing at each layer performed in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing result of a display / non-display determination process in each layer performed in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an application example of a display / non-display determination process at each layer according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure of a movement / material change processing performed in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a mechanism of a motion / material change process performed in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure of a motion / material change process performed in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of display processing performed in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a mechanism of a display process performed in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing result of a display processing performed in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a mechanism of display processing performed when a mirror surface is a curved surface according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing result of a display processing performed when a mirror surface is a curved surface according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 201 User interface module 202 Event management module 203 File I / O module 204 Data management module 205 Display / non-display determination module 206 Display module 208 Evacuation memory 209 Z buffer 210 frame Memory memory. 102 external storage device 103 input device

Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-5-189582 (JP, A) JP-A-5-46782 (JP, A) JP-A-4-25974 (JP, A) JP-A-2-59983 (JP) , A) Atsushi Kawabata, Norihito Watanabe, Toshio Sakai, High-speed image generation method using multi-pass rendering method, Information Processing Society of Japan research report, Japan, Information Processing Society of Japan, July 24, 1992, Vol. 92, No. 62 (CG-57), 39-46 (58) Fields studied (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G06T 15/00 JICST file (JOIS)

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A three-dimensional graphics device for generating a two-dimensional image obtained by photographing a virtual three-dimensional space with a virtual camera arranged in the three-dimensional space, wherein the three-dimensional graphics device is arranged in the three-dimensional space. A virtual object, a virtual mirror, and object data defining the shape and arrangement of a virtual image object that is an object having a shape and arrangement corresponding to the virtual image of the virtual object by the virtual mirror, Storage means for storing relationship information for associating the virtual image object with the virtual mirror that has produced a virtual image corresponding to the virtual image object; and the three-dimensional space of a virtual camera that captures the three-dimensional space means accepting accepts the setting of the arrangement above, the receiving unit is arranged in the camera accepted, on the three-dimensional space, when said relative virtual mirror in front of the mirror, stored in the storage means Was done The virtual image object associated with the virtual mirror is determined to be an object to be displayed by the link information, and when the virtual image object is behind the mirror surface with respect to the mirror, the virtual image object is determined by the relationship information stored in the storage unit. A determination unit that determines that the virtual image object associated with the virtual mirror is not a display target; and a virtual mirror in which the virtual image object has generated the virtual image object from a camera having the arrangement received by the reception unit. The virtual object, the virtual mirror, and the virtual image object determined to be displayed by the determination means are obtained by photographing with the camera as objects that can be seen through the camera.
A three-dimensional graphics device, comprising: a two-dimensional image generation unit that generates a two-dimensional image based on the object data stored in the storage unit; and a display unit that displays the generated two-dimensional image. . 2. The three-dimensional graphics device according to claim 1, wherein said two-dimensional image generating means includes: a virtual camera in which said virtual image object generates said virtual image object from a camera arranged in said receiving means. As a thing that can be seen through a mirror, the virtual object, the virtual mirror, and the virtual mirror that produced the virtual image object of the virtual image object determined to be a display target by the determination unit. A part included in a range that can be seen through the camera, and 2
A three-dimensional graphics device, wherein a three-dimensional image is generated based on the object data stored in the storage means. 3. The three-dimensional graphics device according to claim 1, wherein the object data includes data defining a color or a pattern with respect to the virtual object and the virtual image object. The second virtual machine stores second relationship information that associates the virtual image object with the virtual object that is in a real image relationship with the virtual image corresponding to the virtual image object, and changes the color or pattern of the virtual object. The object data defines a receiving unit for receiving a setting, and the virtual image object associated with the virtual object, for which the receiving unit has received a setting for changing a color or a pattern, by the second related information. Means for changing the color or pattern in accordance with the content of the change whose setting has been received by the receiving means. 4. The three-dimensional graphics device according to claim 1, wherein the storage means stores the virtual image object and the virtual object having a real image relationship with a virtual image corresponding to the virtual image object. Receiving means for storing the second relation information to be related, receiving the setting of the change of the arrangement of the virtual object, and the virtual object receiving the setting of the change of the arrangement by the receiving means; For the virtual image object that is related by the related information, so that a change in the arrangement and a change in the plane symmetrical arrangement of the arrangement received by the accepting unit with the mirror surface of the virtual mirror interposed therebetween are added. Means for changing the arrangement of the virtual image object defined by object data. 5. The three-dimensional graphics device according to claim 1,
In location, the two-dimensional image generation means, wherein the virtual object, and the virtual mirror, the virtual image object
First means for arranging in the three-dimensional space, the virtual object, the virtual mirror, and the virtual image object
To a two-dimensional image projected onto the two-dimensional plane
And a second means, said second means, two-dimensional images obtained by projecting only the virtual object to the two-dimensional plane
An image of the virtual mirror of the two-dimensional image.
Only the part projected through the range of the mirror surface is valid
The first two-dimensional image is generated, and the valid portion is generated.
Is projected from a point at the position of the mirror surface of the virtual mirror.
And a second 2 which projects the virtual object onto the two-dimensional plane.
A two-dimensional image is generated and, for each coordinate point on the two-dimensional plane, the coordinates
A pixel of the first two-dimensional image corresponding to a point is said to be valid.
If the pixel is not included in the part,
Pixel of the first two-dimensional image corresponding to
Of the pixel values of the image, the pixel values of the second two-dimensional image
Is the pixel corresponding to the coordinate point in the final two-dimensional image.
And the first two-dimensional image corresponding to the coordinate point
Is a pixel included in the valid part
Shows an image of the first two-dimensional image corresponding to the coordinate point.
Among the pixel values of the pixel and the second two-dimensional image,
The position of the shadowed point is the two-dimensional plane corresponding to the pixel.
The closer to the coordinate point on the surface, the final two-dimensional image
By setting the value of the pixel corresponding to the coordinate point,
Final composite of the first two-dimensional image and the second two-dimensional image
-Dimensional graph characterized in that it generates a simple two-dimensional image
Equipment.