JP3325969B2 - Vibration suppression method in cutting - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vibration control method in a cutting process suitable for suppressing chatter vibration of a cutting tool generated during cutting of a work.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The chatter vibration of a tool in a cutting process is as follows.
In recent years, it has become a factor that greatly impairs the functions of highly efficient and high-precision machine tools that have been improved. For example, this is the impact load when the cutting edge accidentally hits the hard part of the material during cutting,
Arising from the action of other external forces, for example,
Machining accuracy is greatly impaired, and when it matches the natural frequency of the cutting tool, problems such as damage to the tool itself occur.

One example of a conventional technique used to suppress such chatter vibration of a tool is shown in FIG. 3 , for example. A cutting tool 1 is fixed to a tool rest 2, and a weight 3 having a certain weight is provided on an upper surface of a holder 4. The bolt 5 extends into the holder 4 through a counterbore 3 a formed in the weight 3, and the weight 3 is fixed via a spring 6. The cutting edge 7 indicates that the workpiece 8 is being cut into the work 8. In the drawing, an arrow Fv indicates a main component force in cutting, S indicates a weight sliding direction, and N indicates a workpiece rotation direction.

In the above configuration, when an impact load is applied to the cutting tool 1, a minute gap is formed between the upper surface of the holder 4 and the weight 3, and the weight 3 is acted on by the spring 6 on the upper surface of the holder 4. The vibration is attenuated by the weight 3 being repeatedly pressed in this process.

[0005]

However, in the above-described vibration damping device, the weight sliding direction S is limited to one direction, and a sufficient vibration damping effect cannot be obtained. That is,
As is well known, the cutting force is a resultant force of the feed component force V including the main component force Fv and the back component, and the holder 4 is not always displaced in a direction coinciding with the main resultant force Fv. In order to direct the weight sliding direction S in a direction that matches the resultant force, the above-mentioned vibration damping device is insufficient, including the arrangement of the members, and a more desirable method without using the vibration damping device is required.

In the above-mentioned vibration damping device, it is necessary to increase the weight 3 or the spring 6 to enhance the damping effect. However, even if such a method is used, the device becomes large. However, the damping effect does not increase,
In particular, it is difficult to function effectively when machining a workpiece having a large cutting resistance.

An object of the present invention is to provide a vibration damping method in cutting which effectively suppresses chatter vibration generated in a cutting tool.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the cutting of the present invention ,
That damping method, when suppressing the chatter vibration occurring in the cutting tool during workpiece machining, the main component of force acting on the cutting edge of the front SL cutting tool, the resultant force direction of feed component force and consisting of a back component force cutting resistance The sliding axis so that its axial direction matches
Is held by the cutting tool, a weight is loosely fitted to the sliding shaft, and a collision for colliding the weight is performed.
A portion integrally provided on the sliding shaft, and
When the collision site moves away from the weight due to vibration
The weight collides with the collision site when displaced in the
A spring that works to move it in the direction
Energy of chatter vibration generated at the cutting edge of the cutting tool.
It is characterized by absorbing lugi .

[0009]

[0010]

In order to suppress chatter vibration in cutting, it is not sufficient to consider only a part of the cutting resistance component, and attention is paid to the relation of the resultant force of each component. That is, the vibration control device is disposed with the weight axis of the vibration control device facing in the direction of the resultant force.

Thus, the resultant force direction and the weight sliding direction are
By matching them, the displacement direction and
Eight movement direction can be precisely matched,
The effect can be obtained more reliably.

[0012]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. A tip 9 is mounted on the tip of the holder 4. The cutting edge 7 is directed in the direction of the work 8, and a part of the cutting edge 7 is cut into the work 8. At this time, the cutting resistance component generated in the cutting tool 1 can be expressed by the main component force Fv, the feed component force Ff, and the back component force Fp. This indicates that the resultant force R of the cutting resistance is obliquely downward from the cutting edge 7.

The weight axis of the vibration damping device 10 of this embodiment is oriented in the direction of the resultant force R, so that the weight sliding direction S and the direction of the resultant force R can be matched. The vibration damping device 10 includes a weight 11, a bolt 12, and a spring 1.
Consists of three. In fixing the bolt 12, in the embodiment, a fixing screw 14 is cut into the holder 4 and the tip of the bolt 12 is screwed thereto.

The weight 11 has a counterbore 11a, and the spring 13 is mounted in the counterbore 11a.

In the above configuration, the cutting tool 1
When a relatively large impact load is applied to the main component Fv, the feed component Ff, and the back component Fp, which are the cutting resistance components, the resultant force R
The holder 4 is displaced in the direction, and a minute gap is generated between the weight 11 and the head of the bolt 12. At this time, weight 11
Slides in the same direction by the action of the spring 13 and collides with the head of the bolt 12, the weight 11 rebounds and collides again with the head of the bolt 12, and this repetition consumes vibration energy and eliminates chatter vibration.

In this embodiment, not only the main component Fv but also the feed component Ff and the cutting component of the back component Fp are taken into account, so that the vibration damping device 10 can be used more effectively. It is.

The vibration damping device 10 is made up of a minimum number of necessary members, has a simple structure, and has a simple fixing method, so that it can be used in various applications from light cutting conditions to heavy cutting conditions. In the above-described embodiment, the three-component force of the cutting resistance component is taken into consideration.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the vibration damping device 10 is applied in the resultant direction R 'of the two component forces. The weight axis of the vibration damping device 10 is directed in the direction of the resultant force R 'of the main component force Fv and the back component force Fp, and the weight sliding direction S and the direction of the resultant force R' coincide.

The vibration damping device 10 includes a weight 11 and a bolt 1
2. The universal joint 15 is added to the spring 13.

A fixing screw 14 is cut into the holder 4 ', and a main shaft 15a of the universal joint 15 is screwed and fixed thereto. Further, the bolt 12 is combined with the base 15b and operates integrally.

In order to adjust the weight sliding direction S of the vibration damping device 10 to the direction of the resultant force R ', the directions are made to coincide with each other by the universal joint 15, and then the rotation is stopped by a fixing lever (not shown).

In this embodiment, since the universal joint 15 is fixed to the holder 4, the simple vibration damper 1
Although the advantage of 0 is somewhat impaired, the weight sliding direction S
There is an advantage that the universal joint 15 can easily correct the direction of the resultant force R '.

Further, in this embodiment, the main resultant force Fv and the back force F
Although the resultant force R 'with p is considered, the weight sliding direction S can be determined in consideration of the resultant force of the main component Fv and the feed component.

[0024]

[0025]

[0026]

[0027]

[0028]

[0029]

[0030]

As is apparent from the above description, the present invention provides a weight which slides along the axis of the vibration damping device, and applies the weight sliding shaft to the resultant force direction of the cutting resistance acting on the cutting edge of the cutting tool. Therefore, chatter vibration generated in the cutting tool during work cutting can be reliably suppressed, and excellent effects such as high accuracy can be maintained while maintaining high efficiency.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a mounted state of a vibration damping device for realizing a vibration damping method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing another embodiment of the vibration damping device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing an example of a conventional vibration damping device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 4 Holder 7 Cutting edge 9 Chip 10 Vibration control device 11 Weight 12 Tightening bolt 13 Spring 15 Universal joint

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A Upon suppressing chatter vibration occurring in the cutting tool during workpiece machining, the main component of force acting on the cutting edge of the front SL cutting tool, the resultant force direction of feed component force and consisting of a back component force cutting resistance, The sliding axis should be
A collision portion for holding the cutting tool, loosely fitting a weight to the sliding shaft, and colliding the weight.
Position is provided integrally with the sliding shaft, and the vibration
The direction in which the collision site moves away from the weight due to movement
When the weight is displaced, the weight collides with the collision site.
The spring that works to move it in the direction
A vibration damping method in a cutting process, wherein energy of chatter vibration generated in a cutting edge of the cutting tool is absorbed.