JP3322441B2 - Vehicle ventilation system - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ventilation system for a vehicle such as a railway vehicle running at a high speed, and particularly to a passenger in the vehicle even when the pressure outside the vehicle fluctuates greatly, such as when passing through a tunnel. Not for vehicle ventilation systems.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a railway vehicle that carries a large number of passengers at a high speed, forced ventilation in which contaminated air in a narrow cabin is exhausted out of the vehicle by an exhaust fan and fresh air outside the vehicle is introduced by an air supply fan. Is being done. A ventilating device for a vehicle is required to have a function of keeping the air in the cabin fresh and preventing a phenomenon that causes discomfort to the passengers, such as a “ear pin” caused by a sudden change in pressure outside the cabin.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a pressure variation outside a vehicle when a railway vehicle running at a high speed passes through a tunnel. In this case, while traveling in the light section outside the tunnel, the pressure outside the vehicle is a pressure p1 slightly lower than the pressure inside the vehicle. Time t0
When the vehicle enters the tunnel from, the pressure outside the vehicle rises sharply, reaches the maximum value at time t1 after passing through the pressure P2. Next, the pressure outside the vehicle rapidly decreases and reaches the lowest pressure at time t2. Thereafter, the pressure changes within a range of pressure lower than that of the vehicle interior, and the vehicle exits the tunnel at time t3. As described above, the pressure outside the vehicle rapidly changes in the tunnel, so that the passengers and occupants in the vehicle are likely to have a “ear-pinning” phenomenon, which is likely to cause discomfort.

FIG. 5 shows an example of operating characteristics of a fan used in a vehicle ventilation system. It is assumed that the fan is an air supply fan and an exhaust fan whose resistance curve of the ventilation path is represented by LR on the blower characteristic LF. When the vehicle is traveling in the light section of FIG. 4, the operation is performed at a point a1 which is a pressure P1 and a flow rate Q1. When the vehicle enters the tunnel and the outside pressure rises to p2, the air supply fan operates at the point a2S, and the exhaust fan operates at the point a2E. For the air supply fan, the suction pressure increases, so the difference from the required discharge pressure decreases, and the flow rate increases to Q2S. For the exhaust fan, the flow decreases to Q2E. Since Q2S> Q2E, the pressure inside the car rises, and the passengers inside the car “ears”
Aural discomfort such as occurs. When the pressure outside the vehicle decreases, the opposite phenomenon to that described above occurs, and discomfort also occurs.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a result of an investigation on a region where the “ear pinching” phenomenon occurs in a relationship between a pressure difference and a time change rate of the pressure. As shown in FIG. 4, when the pressure outside the vehicle suddenly changes, such as immediately after the entrance of a tunnel, the time change rate of the pressure increases, or the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the vehicle increases. It turns out that the "earspin" phenomenon is likely to occur.

A prior art for continuously ventilating a passenger at a high speed without causing discomfort to passengers is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 4-212669. In this prior art, a blower used during normal running and a high-pressure blower used during running in a tunnel or the like are provided, and by switching the blowers, the occurrence of discomfort due to pressure fluctuations outside the vehicle during running in the tunnel is prevented. I have.

[0007]

It is necessary to use a fan having a sufficiently high discharge pressure in the supply fan and the exhaust fan in order to prevent the flow rate from becoming unbalanced when the pressure outside the vehicle fluctuates. However, efficiency is sacrificed and not economic. In the prior art of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 4-212669, the high-pressure blower can be switched only when necessary, so that an increase in power consumption can be prevented. However, since a total of four high and low pressure air supply and exhaust fans are required, the space occupied by the ventilator increases and the weight also increases. The use of a fan having a discharge pressure larger than the fluctuation value of the pressure outside the vehicle and the switching operation method of the high and low pressure fans not only increase the size of the device and increase the weight but also require a large power. .

In future high-speed vehicles, particularly linear motor cars, it is necessary to reduce the space occupied by the ventilator and to reduce the weight. Further, since it becomes difficult to take in the power energy from outside the vehicle, it is desired to further reduce the power consumption.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle ventilation device which is small and lightweight, and which is suitable for a high-speed vehicle with low power consumption.

[0010]

According to the present invention, there is provided a first exhaust passage provided in a main exhaust passage between an intake port inside a vehicle and an exhaust port outside the vehicle.
A fan, a second fan provided in a main air supply passage between an injection port in the vehicle and an air supply opening outside the vehicle, a second exhaust passage between a discharge side of the first fan and an exhaust port in a main exhaust passage, and Exhaust path switching valves VE provided between the suction side and the suction port of one fan
1, VE2, and air supply path switching valves VS1, VS2 provided between the suction side and the air supply port of the second fan in the main air supply path, and between the discharge side and the injection port of the second fan, respectively. A pressure difference detection means for detecting a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the vehicle, and an output from the exhaust port to the intake port by exhaust path switching valves VE1 and VE2 when the pressure difference is within a predetermined range in response to an output from the pressure difference detection means. To the main exhaust path of the air supply path switching valve VS
1 and VS2, the main air supply passage from the air supply port to the jet port is communicated, the first fan and the second fan are operated to exhaust the air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle, and at the same time, to remove the air outside the vehicle to the vehicle. When the pressure outside the vehicle is greater than the predetermined range, the main air supply path from the air supply port to the injection port is shut off by the air supply path switching valves VS1 and VS2, and the second fan Is in series with the first fan, and the exhaust path switching valve V
The ventilation path is switched by E1 and VE2 so that the main exhaust path from the exhaust port to the intake port communicates via the second and first fans in series, and the second and first fans are driven to drive the inside of the vehicle. The air is exhausted outside the vehicle, and when the pressure outside the vehicle is smaller than the predetermined range, the main exhaust path from the exhaust port to the intake port is shut off by the exhaust path switching valves VE1 and VE2, and the first fan is driven by the first fan. The two ventilation fans are connected in series, and the air supply passages are switched by the air supply passage switching valves VS1 and VS2 so that the main air supply passage from the air supply port to the ejection port is communicated through the series first and second fans. Control means for controlling the operation of the first fan and the second fan to switch the air outside the vehicle to the inside of the vehicle.

Further, the first fan and the second fan of the present invention each have a discharge pressure of about 1/2 of the required maximum pressure.
It is characterized by being.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that when the control means operates the first fan and the second fan in series, the inside and outside of the vehicle are communicated with each other by a bypass ventilation path.

[0013]

According to the present invention, when the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the vehicle is within a predetermined range, the first fan and the second fan are operated as an air supply fan and an exhaust fan, respectively. When the pressure difference increases beyond a predetermined range, the first fan and the second fan are operated in series. The fans that are operated in series operate as an exhaust fan when the pressure outside the vehicle compartment is higher, and as an air supply fan when the pressure outside the vehicle compartment is lower. When a high discharge pressure is required, the fans are operated in series, so there is no need to provide a high-pressure fan, and the space and weight of the ventilation device are reduced to reduce the size and weight, thereby reducing power consumption. Can be.

According to the present invention, since the discharge pressures of the first fan and the second fan are about one half of the required maximum pressure, the required maximum pressure can be obtained when operating in series. . Thus, efficient operation can be performed while minimizing the power consumption of the fan. Further, it is easy to reduce the size and weight of each fan, and it is also possible to reduce the size and weight of the entire ventilation device.

Further, according to the present invention, when the first fan and the second fan are operated in series, a bypass ventilation path is provided for communicating between the inside and the outside of the vehicle. When the pressure outside the vehicle is high, the fans operated in series are used for exhaust air, and high-pressure outside air enters the bypass ventilation passage, and can be used as an air supply passage. When the pressure outside the vehicle is low, the fans operated in series supply air, and in the bypass ventilation path, air is exhausted from inside the vehicle to outside the vehicle. In this way, the fans operated in series against the pressure difference operate, and at the same time, the ventilation in the reverse direction can be performed using the pressure difference.

[0016]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
The ventilation device 1 is provided for performing ventilation between the inside 2 and the outside 3 of the vehicle. The vehicle interior 2 is provided with a suction port 4 for sucking contaminated air and a jet port 5 for jetting fresh outside air. An exhaust port 6 for discharging contaminated air inside the vehicle and an air supply port 7 for introducing fresh air from outside the vehicle are provided for the outside 3 of the vehicle. Inlet 4 and exhaust 6
Are communicated by the main exhaust path 11. The main air supply path 12 communicates between the jet port 5 and the air supply port 7. An exhaust fan FE is provided in the main exhaust path 11. An air supply fan FS is provided in the main air supply passage 12. A switching valve V is provided between the exhaust fan FE and the exhaust port 6 and the intake port 4.
E1 and a switching valve VE2 are provided. Switching valves VS1 and VS2 are provided between the air supply fan FS and the air supply port 7 and the injection port 5, respectively. A bypass exhaust path 13 is provided between the exhaust port 6 and the intake port 4. A bypass air supply passage 1 is provided between the air supply port 7 and the ejection port 5.
4 are provided. An on-off valve SV1 is provided in the middle of the bypass air supply passage 14. In the middle of the bypass exhaust passage 13,
An on-off valve SV2 is provided. A serial ventilation path 15 is provided between the switching valves VS1 and VE2. Switching valve VE1
, A switching ventilation path 16 is provided between the switching valve VS1 and the air supply fan FS. Switching valve VS2 and switching valve VE
A switching ventilation passage 17 is provided between the second fan 2 and the exhaust fan FE. Each switching valve VS1, VS2; VE1, VE2
A control device 21 including a microcomputer is provided for controlling the on-off valves SV1 and SV2. The pressure inside the vehicle 2 and the pressure outside the vehicle 3 are measured by a pressure sensor 2
2 and 23 respectively.

The operating state of the embodiment shown in FIG.
Shown in Switching valves VE1, VE2; VS1, VS2 are three-way switching valves, respectively.
And ON1 and ON2 without branching from the main air supply passage 12
The state is switched to branch. ON1 does not communicate with the fan side, and ON2 communicates. On-off valve SV1, SV
2 is closed in an OFF state and opened in an ON state.

[0018]

[Table 1]

FIG. 2 shows equivalent operation states when the external pressure fluctuation shown in Table 1 is large, when the external pressure is lower, and when the external pressure is higher, respectively. FIG. 1 shows an operation state in which the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle is small and the exhaust fan FE and the air supply fan FS exhaust and supply air, respectively. In FIG. 2A, the pressure outside the vehicle is small, and the exhaust fan FE and the air supply fan FS supply air in series. FIG.
In (2), the pressure outside the vehicle is high, and the exhaust fan FE and the air supply fan FS exhaust in series.

FIG. 3 shows operating characteristics when the exhaust fan FE and the air supply fan FS are operated in series in the embodiment of FIG. If the capacities of the exhaust fan FE and the supply fan FS are equal and the blowout pressure for the flow rate Q is equal to P, the two-unit series operation is 2P. By performing the series operation in this manner, the downward slope of the air blowing characteristics becomes large, so that even if the pressure fluctuation becomes large, the change in the air volume is small. For this reason, the change in the pressure in the passenger compartment is reduced, and the occurrence of discomfort to passengers and the like is reduced.

When the speed of a railway vehicle is increased, the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle during passage through a tunnel or the like becomes large, while the size and weight of the ventilation device are required. According to the present embodiment, sufficient ventilation can be performed without giving any discomfort to the passenger, and efficient ventilation can be performed while suppressing power consumption.

[0022]

As described above, according to the present invention, when the pressure difference between the inside of the vehicle and the outside of the vehicle is large, the first fan and the second fan are operated in series. Even if a fan with a small pressure is used, it is possible to sufficiently ventilate the inside of the vehicle without giving any uncomfortable feeling. Since the first fan and the second fan can be reduced in size and weight, the installation space as a vehicle ventilation device can be reduced, and the weight of the vehicle body when installed in a high-speed traveling vehicle can be reduced. it can.

According to the present invention, when the first fan and the second fan are operated in series, the capacity of each fan is realized at about 1/2 of the required maximum discharge pressure.
There is no need to install a blower that consumes a large amount of power at high pressure, and efficient ventilation can be performed.

According to the present invention, when the first fan and the second fan are operated in series, ventilation is performed in the reverse direction using the bypass ventilation passage. Since the ventilation in the reverse direction is performed by utilizing the pressure difference between the outside and the inside of the vehicle, there is no need to provide another fan. Even if the pressure outside the vehicle fluctuates, the two fans can sufficiently ventilate the vehicle, so that the vehicle ventilator can be reduced in size, weight, and comfort.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a configuration of a ventilation device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing a switching state of the ventilation device shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing operating characteristics of the blower of the embodiment shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of a pressure fluctuation outside a vehicle when the vehicle passes through a tunnel.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the influence of pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle on the operating characteristics of the fan.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing a range when discomfort such as “ear pinching” occurs.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ventilation apparatus 2 Inside of car 3 Outside of car 4 Inlet 5 Inlet 6 Exhaust port 7 Supply port 11 Main exhaust path 12 Main supply path 13 Bypass exhaust path 14 Bypass supply path 15 Series ventilation path 16, 17 Switching ventilation path FE Exhaust Fan FS Air supply fan VE1, VE2; VS1, VS2 switching valve SV1, SV2 on-off valve

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (72) Katsuharu Kuwasawa 3-1-1, Higashikawasaki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Kobe Plant (56) References JP-A-3-258654 (JP, A (JP) B-37285 (JP, B1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B61D 27/00 B60H 1/24

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A first fan provided in a main exhaust passage between an intake port in a vehicle and an exhaust port outside the vehicle, and a main air supply between an outlet in the vehicle and an air supply port outside the vehicle. A second fan provided in the passage, and exhaust path switching valves VE1 and VE2 provided in the main exhaust path between the discharge side and the exhaust port of the first fan and between the suction side and the suction port of the first fan, respectively. Supply path switching valves VS1 and VS2 provided between the suction side of the second fan and the supply port in the main supply path, and between the discharge side and the ejection port of the second fan, respectively. A pressure difference detecting means for detecting a pressure difference between the pressure sensor and an exhaust path switching valve VE in response to an output from the pressure difference detecting means when the pressure difference is within a predetermined range.
1 and VE2, the main exhaust path from the exhaust port to the suction port is communicated, and the air supply path switching valves VS1, VS2 communicate the main air supply path from the air supply port to the jet port. Is operated to exhaust the air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle and simultaneously supply the air outside the vehicle to the inside of the vehicle. When the pressure outside the vehicle exceeds the above-mentioned predetermined range, the air supply passage switching valve VS1 , VS2 shuts off the main air supply passage from the air supply port to the jet port, and the second fan
The air passage is switched so as to be in series with the fan, and the exhaust passage switching valves VE1 and VE2 switch the ventilation passage so that the main exhaust passage from the exhaust port to the suction port communicates with the series second and first fans. 1) driving the fan to exhaust the air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle, and when the pressure outside the vehicle is smaller than the predetermined range,
The main exhaust path from the exhaust port to the intake port is shut off by the exhaust path switching valves VE1 and VE2, and the first fan is arranged in series with the second fan. From the air supply port to the injection port by the air supply path switching valves VS1 and VS2. The air supply path is switched so that the main air supply path communicates with the first fan and the second fan in series, and the first fan and the second fan are driven to supply air outside the vehicle into the vehicle. Control means for performing control for switching to a vehicle. 2. The vehicle ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein each of the first fan and the second fan has a discharge pressure of about １ ／ of a required maximum pressure. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein when the control means operates the first fan and the second fan in series, the inside and outside of the vehicle communicate with each other by a bypass ventilation path.
Or the ventilation apparatus for vehicles according to claim 2.