JP3314622B2 - Centrifugal load test equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a centrifugal load test apparatus, and more particularly to a centrifugal load test apparatus for testing the strength of the ground in a reduced scale model having a building built on the ground.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When testing the strength of the ground in a reduced scale model in which a building is built on the ground, it is practically difficult to reproduce the stress due to its own weight if the test is performed in a normal gravitational field. The centrifugal force loading test device suspends a material container containing a scale model such as the ground, which is the specimen, at the tip of the rotating arm, and rotates the rotating arm at a high speed to give a centrifugal acceleration to the specimen and reduce the scale model. To apply a large acceleration to the 1 / N scale model to give an N-fold gravitational acceleration to perform a test.

[0003] The centrifugal force loading test apparatus of this type includes Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-46439, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-54170, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-13946.

[0004]

In a conventional centrifugal load test apparatus, a sample container is mounted on a swinging gantry supported and suspended at a pin fulcrum of a rotating arm, and a bevel transmission and a rotating shaft are driven by a driving device. When the rotating arm is rotated through the oscillating arm, the rocking gantry on which the sample container is mounted is swung up with the pin fulcrum as a fulcrum, and the sample container has a structure in which centrifugation or speed is applied.

FIG. 3 shows the distribution of centrifugal acceleration acting on the sample container 9, and points where equal centrifugal acceleration is applied are represented by arcs centered on the rotation axis. Therefore, the sample container 9
Ideally, a centrifugal acceleration is applied to the sample in the sample in a state almost parallel to the bottom surface of the sample container 9, and for that purpose, it is necessary to increase the turning radius R.

As a result, it is necessary to increase the radius of rotation of the rotating arm. However, if the radius of rotation of the rotating arm is increased, frictional force with air increases and power loss increases. Was.

In a typical vibration test, the rocking table is often vibrated in a direction of swinging up, and the vibration causes the pitching movement of the sample container to rotate around a pin fulcrum and the sample container to be deformed. Vibration occurs, causing acceleration perpendicular to the direction of excitation, which causes a problem of lowering the experimental accuracy.

Further, in a vibration test on a scale model,
In order to excite at the excitation frequency of several hundred Hz, the natural frequency of the rotating arm and the outer frame matches the excitation frequency even if the rotating arm and the outer frame receive the excitation reaction force. Then, a member such as a rolled steel material for a general structure used for the rotating arm has a small damping ratio, so that large vibration is generated, and there is a problem similar to the above. For this reason, it is conceivable to adopt a structure in which the natural frequency of the rotating arm and the outer frame is made higher than the excitation frequency. However, it is necessary to increase the rigidity of the rotating arm, so that it is necessary to increase the size of the rotating arm. Yes, there is a problem in terms of economy.

An object of the present invention is to reduce the power loss by reducing the frictional resistance between the air that rotates with the rotation of the rotary arm and the wall surface of the pit for installing the centrifugal force loading test device, thereby reducing the power loss. An object of the present invention is to provide a centrifugal force loading test device capable of easily increasing the length of a rotating arm while suppressing an increase in required power.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a centrifugal load test apparatus that does not apply harmful vibration to a sample container, which deteriorates the accuracy of a pitching motion experiment generated by vibration.

[0011]

An object of the present invention is to load a rotating arm fixed to a vertical rotating shaft in a horizontal direction, and a tip end of the rotating arm to be suspended and supported rotatably in the direction of the rotating arm. In the centrifugal force loading test device including a rocking gantry for performing, and a driving device that rotationally drives the rotating shaft, as the rotation speed of the rotary arm rises and the rocking gantry rises,
Until the rotating arm reaches a predetermined number of rotations, the space formed by the lower disk and the lower disk is raised to be narrower than before.

Further, the object is to provide a rotating arm fixed to a vertical rotating shaft in a horizontal direction, and a swing at the tip of the rotating arm so as to be rotatably supported in the direction of the rotating arm so as to load a specimen. In a centrifugal force loading test device including a gantry, a driving device that rotationally drives the rotating shaft, a sample container for placing a specimen, and a vibration generator attached to the bottom of the sample container and configured to apply vibration to the sample container, This is achieved by making the rotating arm a welded structure of alloy steel having weldability and vibration damping properties.

In the above configuration, when the centrifugal acceleration applied to the sample container is the same, the angular rotation speed of the rotating arm can be reduced as the length of the rotating arm increases, but the radius of the pit increases, so that the friction between the pit and the wall surface increases. Although the resistance increases, the frictional resistance D _{f on} the side surface of the pit of the rotating arm is as follows: D _f = C _f1 · ρ / 2 · V ² · F where V: speed F: surface area ρ: density of fluid C _f1 : Friction resistance coefficient F = LB where L: length in flow direction (= 2πR, R: radius of pit) B: depth of pit V = r _a · ω, and D _f is pit It is proportional to the surface area of the side. Therefore, the friction resistance can be reduced by reducing the depth (length in the vertical direction) of the pit.

That is, by reducing the frictional resistance by narrowing the wide space formed below the rotating arm when the rotating arm rotates and the swinging base swings up, the required power of the driving machine is reduced. Suppress the increase.

Even when the resonance phenomenon occurs, the elastic deformation can be kept small by the vibration damping action of the vibration damping material. As a result, it is possible to reduce harmful vibrations such as pitching motion applied to the sample container 9 that lower the accuracy of the experiment.

[0016]

1 and 2 are side views of an embodiment of a centrifugal force loading test apparatus. FIG. 1 shows a state before a test in which a rotating arm is stopped, and FIG. This shows a state in which a desired centrifugal acceleration has been applied to the ground after reaching the number.

In FIG. 1, a drive unit 1 is installed on a floor of a pit to be described later, and is connected to a bevel transmission 2 via a shaft 3. Similarly, the bevel transmission 2 is installed on the floor of the pit, and one end of a rotating shaft 4 is firmly connected to the bevel transmission 2 so as to rotate together with the bevel transmission 2, and the other end of the rotating shaft 4 is A predetermined rotation is possible by being fixedly supported by a bearing 5 attached to the upper structure of the pit.
Reference numeral 6 denotes a rotary arm made by welding a mold member, a plate member, and the like, and is firmly attached to the rotary shaft 4 so as to rotate with the rotation of the rotary shaft 4. To be transmitted. The rotating arm 6 is composed of a columnar member 6a and an outer frame 6b for fixing the columnar member 6a. The swing base 7 is attached via a pin fulcrum 8 so as to be able to swing up and down in the direction of the arrow with respect to the rotary arm 6 as the rotary arm 6 rotates. A vibration generator 7a is attached to the bottom of the swing base 7. Balance weight B. W
Is mounted at a right symmetric position substantially equidistant with the rotation shaft 4 with respect to the left swing base 7 in the figure, and is equivalent to a load of the swing base 7 and a sample container described later when the rotating arm 6 rotates. It has a load and balances the load of the swinging pedestal 7 and the sample container.

Reference numeral 9 denotes a sample container, which is a container for storing a test object to be tested, for example, a reduced-scale model in which a building is built on the ground, which receives water from a water supply device (not shown) during the test. You can adjust the degree of softness. Reference numeral 10 denotes a pit constructed underground for installing a centrifugal load testing device, and its side surface 10a forms a gap with the end of the rotary arm 6 so as not to contact the end of the rotary arm 6 during rotation. It is built. 10b is pit 10
A lid attached to the top to prevent danger during the test to keep the lid closed. The lid 10b is in the pit 1
The structure may be integrated with the pit 10, and the entrance and exit of the tester to the pit 10 may be provided on the upper surface or the side surface of the pit 10.

In the pit 10, an upper disk 11a is provided above the rotary arm 6 so as to form a gap that does not make contact during rotation of the rotary arm 6. A lower disk 11b is provided below the rotating arm 6, and the lower disk 11b is
It can be moved up and down by the expansion and contraction of the bojack 12, and as the rotation speed of the rotating arm 6 rises and the swinging base 7 rises horizontally, the space created between the rotating arm 6 and the rotating arm 6 is increased. It is for wide or narrow adjustment.

In the above configuration, the portions that are elastically deformed during the vibration test include the columnar member 6a of the rotating arm 6, the outer frame 6b, the swinging pedestal 7, and the sample container 9, and these members are welded. Produced in Therefore, high strength, welding such as gas welding, arc welding, electric resistance welding, etc. are possible, that is, characteristics such as having weldability, workability, and vibration damping properties are required. Preferred is an alloy steel having a three-phase structure of a γ phase, an α phase, and a metastable phase in a Fe—Ni—Mn alloy, for example.

Further, a damping alloy steel such as Mg, Mg-Zr, Mn-Mn may be used.

Further, stainless steel having a porous surface layer may be used by eluting a substance existing along the crystal grains of the surface layer and the vicinity thereof. This vibration damping alloy is obtained by sensitizing stainless steel and immersing it in a high-temperature acid solution containing an oxidizing agent for a predetermined time.

Furthermore, a large number of irregularities are provided in advance on the surface of SS41 in the damping alloy steel, and this material is stretched or stretched to form a fine friction surface having an appropriately shaped surface layer. May be used.

Next, the operation of the test apparatus having the above configuration will be described.

The driving machine 1 is rotationally driven (about 160 times / minute).
Then, the rotation driving force is transmitted to the rotation shaft 4 via the bevel shaft 3 and the transmission 2, and the rotation arm 6 rotates with the rotation of the rotation shaft 4. When the rotating arm 6 rotates and a centrifugal force is applied to the oscillating base 7, the sample container 9 firmly fixed on the oscillating base 7 is proportional to an increase in the rotation speed of the rotating arm 6 about the pin fulcrum 8. And rise (sway horizontally), and the sample container 9
A centrifugal acceleration in the circumferential direction is applied to the ground. At this time, the air in the pit 10 in which the centrifugal force loading test device is installed rotates as the rotary arm 6 rotates, as shown in FIG. 4, and the side surface 10a of the pit 10, the upper disk 11a and the lower disk 11a. 11b acts on the rotary arm 6 as a frictional resistance (= windage resistance) force.

The lower disk 11b is supported by a plurality of servo jacks 12 from below as described above, and the lower disk 11b is rotated by the rotation arm 6 until the rotation arm 6 reaches a predetermined rotation number. The servo jack 12 gradually raises (raises) so that the space below the rotary arm 6 is narrowed by a control device that is not provided. The lower disk 11b is made to withstand the weight of the tester when attaching the sample container 9 during the test. When the required number of tests is completed and the rotating arm 6 lowers its rotation speed, the swinging pedestal 7 is gradually lowered downward as shown by the arrow, and the lower disk 11b contacts the swinging pedestal 7 as well. It is lowered downward by the servo jack 12 so as not to do so.

Next, the reason why the frictional resistance can be reduced and the increase in the required power of the driving machine 1 can be suppressed will be described in detail.

The centrifugal acceleration α applied to the sample container 9 is expressed as follows from the length r _a of the rotating arm and the number of rotations N.

Α = r _a · ω ² (1) where: ω = N × 2π / 60 (2) The rotating arm 6 is rotated at a rotation speed N. In order to rotate, the driving machine 1 needs to have power greater than the windage resistance. Generally, the rotating arm 6
Is installed in a cylindrical pit, the pit 10 is not so large as compared with the rotating arm 6. For this reason, the windage resistance can be modeled as a frictional resistance between the air that rotates with the rotation of the rotary arm 6 and the wall surface 10a of the pit 10, as shown in FIG.

In this case, the frictional resistance is generated between the side surface 10a of the pit 10, the upper disk 11a and the lower disk 11b, and is expressed as follows.

[0031] (1) frictional resistance of the sides _{10a: D f D f = C} f1 · ρ / 2 · V 2 · F ........................ (3) where, V: velocity F: surface area ρ: density of fluid C _f1 : coefficient of frictional resistance F = LB · B (4) where L: length in flow direction (= 2πR, R: pit 1)
B: Depth of the pit 10 V = r _a · ω (5) (2) Resistance torque applied to one surface of the upper or lower disk 11a, 11b: M ₂ M ₂ = 1 / 2ρω ² R ⁵ (0.6 Cf ₂ ) (6) Accordingly, the required power of the driving machine 1: P _m is P _m ≫P ₁ + P ₂ ... (7) Here P ₁ = R · D _f · N · 1/974 P ₂ = 2 · M ₂ · N · 1/974 As described above, when the sample container 9 becomes longer, the centrifugal acceleration applied to the inner sample is determined by the sample container. 9 close parallel to the bottom,
To infinitely uniform, it is necessary to increase the length r _a rotary arm 6. For this reason, the radius R of the pit 10 in which the centrifugal load test device is installed becomes large, and (3),
(4), (6) and (7) from the equation, but requires power P _m of the drive machine 1 is increased, (3) side of the pit of Formula 1
The frictional resistance D _f at 0a is proportional to the surface area F,
Therefore, by reducing the depth B of the pit 10 from (4), can reduce friction resistance force D _f, it is possible to suppress an increase in power required P _m of the drive machine 1 represented by the formula (7) .

The maximum value of the centrifugal acceleration α is 200 G
In a centrifugal load test device for testing with (gravitational acceleration), it is preferable that the diameter of the rotary arm 6 be in the range of 2 to 7 m from the viewpoint of economical device manufacturing. That is, if the diameter is less than 2 m, it is not preferable to perform a test in a situation that is not close to a normal gravitational field (see FIG. 3). If the diameter is 7 m or more, a test is performed in a situation that is close to a normal gravitational field. Since the rotary arm 6 becomes longer, power loss increases, and the structural strength of the rotary arm 6 needs to be strengthened, which leads to an increase in cost, which is not preferable in terms of economy.

According to this embodiment, with the rotation of the rotating arms 6, it is possible to reduce the air by frictional resistance force D _f of the pit side 10a by narrowing the rotary arm 6 below the space, and for this reason Since the increase in the required power of the driving machine can be suppressed, the size of the rotary arm 6 can be easily increased.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the centrifugal force loading test apparatus in a state where the rotating arm 6 has reached a predetermined number of revolutions.

In the figure, reference numeral 15 denotes a floor plate, which is fixed to a plurality of tables 16 above the driving machine 1 installed in the pit 10. Reference numeral 17 denotes a bag made of an elastic material such as rubber and inflated by pressurizing a fluid, which is located between the floor plate 15 and the upper plate 18 and connected to a fluid source such as a pump and a compressor (not shown). The bag 17 is also provided with a discharge port (not shown). Since the floor plate 15 serves as a scaffold when the tester mounts the sample container 9 on the swinging gantry 7 during the test, the floor plate 15 is made firmly to withstand the weight of the tester. The operation of the device will be described.

When the driving device 1 is driven to rotate, the rotational driving force is transmitted to the rotating shaft 4 via the bevel transmission 2, and the rotating arm 6 rotates. Sample container 9 mounted on swinging base 7
When the rotating arm 6 rotates and a centrifugal force is applied to the oscillating base 7, the rotating arm 6 increases in proportion to the increase in the rotation speed of the rotating arm 6 around the pin fulcrum 8, and acceleration is applied in the circumferential direction. At this time, the air in the pit 10 in which the centrifugal force loading test device is installed rotates as the rotating arm 6 rotates as shown in FIG. 4, and the side surface 10a of the pit 10, the upper disk 11a and the floor plate 15 Acting as frictional resistance in Fig. 1
2 and the embodiment shown in FIG.

When the swinging pedestal 7 rises in proportion to the increase in the number of rotations of the rotating arm 6, the space below the rotating arm 6 also increases. 17 is expanded and the floorboard 15 is raised. Therefore, the space below the rotating arm 6 is reduced, and the frictional resistance is reduced. After the test is completed, the outlet discharges the fluid.

According to this embodiment, the mechanical control mechanism for raising and lowering the lower disk 11b attached to the bag 17 is simplified, and the control reliability is improved.

When a vibration is generated by the vibration generator 7a on which the rocking gantry 7 is mounted, the rocking gantry 7, the sample container 9 and the outer frame 6b are the resonance phenomena that reduce the accuracy of the experiment. There is a vibration mode in which elastic deformation occurs, and even when these resonance phenomena occur, the elastic deformation can be suppressed to a small level by the damping action of the damping material. As a result, it is possible to reduce harmful vibrations such as pitching motion applied to the sample container 9 that lower the accuracy of the experiment.

[0040]

According to the present invention, as the rotating arm rotates, the space surrounding the rotating arm on which the rotating arm is rotating becomes narrower, and the friction generated between the pit side surface and the air that rotates as the rotating arm rotates. Since the resistance can be reduced,
This has the effect of suppressing an increase in the required power of the driving machine and increasing the length of the rotating arm.

Even when a resonance phenomenon occurs, the elastic deformation can be suppressed to a small level by the damping action of the damping material. As a result, there is an effect that harmful vibrations, such as a pitching motion, applied to the sample container 9 and lowering the accuracy of the experiment can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a centrifugal force loading test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention in a state where a rotating arm is stationary.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the embodiment of the centrifugal force loading test device according to the present invention when the rotation arm reaches a predetermined rotation speed.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a distribution of centrifugal acceleration applied to a sample container.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the flow of air flowing around the rotating arm in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the centrifugal force loading test device of the present invention,
The side view at the time of reaching the predetermined rotation speed of a rotating arm.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Driver 2 ... Bevel transmission 4 ... Rotating shaft 5 ... Bearing 6 ... Rotating arm 6a ... Columnar member 6b ... Outer frame 7 ... Swing base 7a ... Vibration generator 8 ... Pin fulcrum 9 ... Sample container 10 ... Pit, 10a: Pit side surface 11a: Upper disk, 11b: Lower disk 12: Servo jack 15: Floor plate 16: Table 17: Bag for storing fluid W: Balance weight

Continuation of front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01M 19/00 G01M 7/02

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A rotation fixed horizontally in a vertical axis of rotation.
The arm and the tip of the rotating arm are rotatably suspended in the direction of the rotating arm.
A rocking platform for supporting the specimen and supporting the specimen,
A rotary drive, a sample container for the specimen,
Vibrates the sample container attached to the bottom of the sample container
A vibration generator and a rotating arm positioned above the rotating arm.
A gap is formed between the rotating arm and the gap that does not make contact even when rotated.
And the lower disk located below the rotating arm
Equipped with a centrifugal force testing device placed in the pit
The rotating arm, the sample container and the swinging base are weldable and
Welding structure of alloy with vibration damping properties, rotating speed of rotating arm
The rotating arm is set as the swing base rises
Between the rotating arm and the lower disk until the number of rotations reaches
In the pit, take measures to make the space
Centrifugal force mounting provided below the lower disk
Load testing equipment. 2. The centrifugal force loading test device according to claim 1,
The alloy is Fe-Ni-Mn alloy, and the metal phase is γ phase, α phase and quasi
Centrifugal force characterized by three-phase structure of stable phase
Loading test equipment. 3. The centrifugal force loading test device according to claim 1,
And the alloy is any of Mg, Mg-Zr, Mn-Mn
A centrifugal force loading test device, characterized in that: 4. The centrifugal force test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
The narrowing means is means for raising the lower disk
A centrifugal force loading test device, characterized in that: 5. The centrifugal force test apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
The means for raising the lower disk is a servo jack.
A centrifugal force loading test device, characterized in that: 6. The centrifugal force loading test device according to claim 5, wherein
A mechanism to make the swinging base movable along the rotating arm.
A centrifugal force loading test device characterized in that: 7. The centrifugal force loading test device according to claim 1,
A floor plate is installed below the lower disk, and the lower disk is
Interpose a bag for putting fluid between the floorboard and this bag.
Connect a fluid supply, wherein the bag is supplied from a fluid supply
Fluid lifts the lower disk by inflating this bag
Centrifugal force test equipment characterized in that
Place. 8. The centrifugal force loading test device according to claim 1,
And the maximum value of the centrifugal acceleration applied to the specimen is 20
When setting to 0G, the diameter of the rotating arm should be in the range of 2m to 7m.
And a centrifugal force loading test device.