JP3288195B2 - Dust collection device by contact adsorption - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dust collector, and more particularly to a dust collector which suppresses an increase in pressure loss and has a low operating cost, and can be widely used for both industrial and domestic use.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, one of methods for collecting various kinds of dust, dust or particles contained in a fluid such as air (hereinafter referred to as "dust"). There is an inertial dust collection method using inertia, and this method has a great feature in that continuous operation can be performed for a long period of time because clogging of the device hardly occurs. However, this method basically has a limitation in the removal ability because the removal of the dust depends on the mass of the dust, and it is difficult to remove the fine dust. Further, in operating the apparatus, it is necessary to increase the flow velocity of the fluid. . For this reason, the device is mainly used as a device for business establishments such as factories because of the operation cost of the device and generation of noise, and is not suitable for use in homes and offices.

[0003]

In contrast to the above-mentioned inertial dust collecting method, the filtering dust collecting and the electric dust collecting can collect fine dust, the apparatus can be downsized, and it is not necessary to increase the fluid flow rate. Therefore, noise generation is small, and it can be used not only for industrial purposes but also for homes and offices, and various apparatuses using these methods are used for home use.

[0004] Among them, the filtration and dust collection method is a method in which the fluid is collected by passing the fluid through a filter having openings smaller than the size of the dust to be collected. Therefore, the filtration is performed by the collected dust. Clogging will occur over time. As a result, the pressure loss of the fluid when passing through the filter increases, and the filtration efficiency decreases due to the decrease in the processing air volume, and a large load is applied to the fan. Naturally, if the size of the filter body is increased to prevent clogging, the dust collection efficiency will decrease.In the case of the filtration and dust collection method, clogging and dust collection efficiency have a reverse relationship. In addition, it is impossible to increase the dust collection efficiency while preventing clogging, because of the inconsistency of the configuration of the apparatus. Therefore, regular cleaning of the filter body is indispensable in order to maintain the performance of the apparatus and to prevent an excessive load from being applied to the fan and the like.

[0005] On the other hand, also in the electrostatic precipitating method, dust adheres to the electrode over time and the pressure loss of the fluid passing through the electrode portion increases. However, in this method, it is possible to delay the rise in pressure loss by devising the electrode structure,
Dust adhering beyond the limit may be re-scattered, and although not as frequent as filter-type devices, also requires periodic cleaning.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to efficiently remove dust and greatly reduce the rise in pressure loss of fluid over time. A dust device, wherein a contact adsorbent is disposed in a flow path of a fluid, and the contact adsorbent is provided with means for adsorbing and holding dust in the fluid when the contact adsorbent contacts the dust adsorbent. a dust, the device contact adsorption, wherein the fluid flow path, and common origin path arranged a contact adsorbent, that the flow means such as a fan providing the flow energy in the fluid is located It is a dust collecting device using a dust collecting method .

[0007]

The contact adsorbent is provided with a means for adsorbing dust due to the wetting phenomenon on the base material or for electrically holding the contacted dust. The dust in the fluid passing through the contact adsorbent is sewn. Almost all of them adhere to the contact adsorbent in the meantime. The attached dust is retained by the same contact adsorbent by the wetting phenomenon or electrically, and does not re-scatter. In this way, dust in the fluid is removed, but since these contact adsorbents are arranged to allow the passage of the fluid regardless of the adsorption of the dust, so-called clogging does not occur, and therefore, the contact adsorption The rise in pressure loss of the fluid passing through the material is also significantly reduced as compared with the conventional method.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention. The member shown in FIG. 1 is a test device for performing the method of the present invention, and is a dust collecting member that is also a main part of the device for performing the method of the present invention. Arrow 1 indicates a dust collecting member, and reference numeral 2 denotes a frame of the dust collecting member 1. A supporting member 3 is disposed in a fluid passage 2a defined by the frame 2 so that the entire frame 2 is formed. Are formed in a panel shape. This support member 3 is different from a filter body of a filtration type dust collector, and is for supporting a contact adsorbent, which will be described later, at a predetermined position, for example, a plurality of metal wires stretched in a lattice shape. Or, a structure in which a plurality of thin plates are arranged in parallel, or a structure in which these thin plates are configured to be orthogonal to each other like a frame of a shoji, has an extremely coarse structure. Therefore, even if the dust adheres to the supporting member 3 made of such a metal wire or a thin plate, the pressure loss of the fluid does not increase due to this.

Next, reference numeral 4 denotes a contact adsorbent. The contact adsorbent 4 is provided with a means for adsorbing and fixing dust to the substrate as described later, and various shapes of the substrate can be considered. A shape that increases the surface area is desirable. In the configuration shown in the figure, for example, a large number of contact adsorbents formed in the form of a twisted thread are arranged in a three-tiered manner with the upper edge fixed to the entire surface of the support member 3 on the fluid inflow side. Is arranged to cover the entire fluid passage 2a.

FIG. 3 shows an example of the shape of the contact adsorbent 4. First, (A) shows a contact adsorbent composed of a rope-like base material by twisting fine fibers 5. In this case, it is desirable to increase the specific surface area of the entire substrate so that a large number of fine fibers are extended to the outside from the rope-shaped substrate surface. Next, (B) shows a contact adsorbent in which a substrate is formed in a crepe shape, and (C) shows a contact adsorbent in which a curled thread material is used as a substrate.

4 and 5 conceptually show the contact adsorption of dust by the contact adsorbent 4, FIG. 4 shows a method utilizing the wetting phenomenon, and FIG. 5 shows a method of electrically adsorbing the dust. Are respectively shown. First, a method using the wetting phenomenon shown in FIG. 4 will be described. Reference numeral 6 denotes a base material, for example, in a case where the contact adsorbent 4 is formed in a rope shape in FIG. 3A, outside the main body formed in a rope shape and outside from the main body. The fibers 5 protruding from each other also function as base materials. On the surface of the substrate 6, a layer of the adsorbent 7 is formed. First, the base material is natural fiber, natural fiber paper, chemical fiber,
Various materials such as paper materials of chemical fibers, metal materials such as metal foils, and ceramics can be used.

As the adsorbent, there are mineral oil, water-based adsorbent (SOA), silicon and the like, and these adsorbents 7 are applied or impregnated on the base material 6. The contact adsorbent utilizing the wetting phenomenon configured as described above is disposed in the fluid. As shown in FIG. 4A, dust 8a in the fluid adheres to the adsorbent 7 by the flow of the fluid. The attached dust 8a is wrapped and held by the adsorbent 7 as shown in FIG. For this reason, even if the dust 8a is wrapped and held, the next dust 8b adheres as shown in (C), and the dust 8b which has subsequently adhered is finally absorbed by the adsorbent 7 as shown in (D). Wrapped and held. In this manner, new dust is successively adsorbed and held until the adsorbent 7 stored in the base material 6 is exhausted by impregnation or the like.

By arranging the contact adsorbent 4 having the above-described structure so as to be superimposed on the passage of the fluid or the like, the fluid itself becomes the contact adsorbent 4
, The chance of contact of the dust 8 with the adsorbent 7 approaches 100% without limit. Therefore, the dust 8 in the fluid is collected extremely efficiently. Further, since the collected dust is firmly held by the adsorbent 7, there is almost no possibility of re-scattering. Also, as shown in the test results described later, the dust collection by this method is different from the filtration method, and if the chance of contact between the contact adsorbent 4 and the dust is increased, the dust collection efficiency is improved. By devising, the rise of the pressure loss of the fluid when passing through the contact adsorbent can be made much lower than that of the conventional apparatus. Therefore, even if the contact adsorption of the dust by the adsorbent 7 is saturated due to, for example, not replacing the contact adsorbent for a long time, the passage of the fluid is hardly hindered, and the dust collection efficiency is naturally greatly reduced. However, there is no danger such as an increase in the load on the fan due to an increase in the pressure loss of the fluid or overheating of the fan.

Next, FIG. 5 shows a dust collection method using electric force.
The dust collection method using electric force includes a method using frictional electrification and a method using an electret. The method used in the present invention is a method using an electret.

First, in the triboelectric charging method, dust can be attracted and adhered from a distance because the base material is positively or negatively charged. However, since the charge is easily moved, the dust once attracted easily falls off. Since the dust is charged on the same pole as the base material, the dust is repelled to the base material and no longer adheres to the base material, and thus is not suitable as the contact adsorbent of the present invention.

On the other hand, in the electret method, as shown in FIG. 5, the base material 6 is configured to coexist with a positive charge and a negative charge by being semi-permanently polarized, so that the dust 8 cannot be attracted from a distance. Regardless of whether the charge of the dust 8 in contact with the base material is positive or negative, the dust once contacted and adsorbed can be reliably held, and is suitable as a contact adsorbent using electric force to implement the present invention. Material.

FIGS. 6 to 8 show the results of a performance comparison test between a contact suction dust collecting apparatus and another dust collecting apparatus which carry out the method according to the present invention. First, among the test devices, the device according to the present invention is a dust collecting member having a structure in which a contact adsorbent 4 is disposed on a frame 2 having a support member 3 so as to cover the support member 3 as shown in FIG. The gas is passed through the contact adsorbent by a fan that is not used. The device of the present invention uses two types of contact adsorbents, one of which is (a) FIG.
FIG. 3 (B) is a contact adsorption precipitator utilizing the wetting phenomenon, which is obtained by impregnating a base material having the structure shown in FIG. 3 (A) with a mineral oil as an adsorbent. This is an electret contact adsorbent dust collecting apparatus in which the base material shown in FIG.

Further, the conventional apparatus which has been subjected to the comparative test is as follows.
(C) a household electric dust collector having a fan (manufactured by Company S / hereinafter referred to as “electric dust collector”), and (d) a household ion-type dust collector having no fan (manufactured by T Company / hereinafter “ A fanless ion device ”). 6 to 8
(A) to (d) shown in the respective diagrams of (a) to (c) show the respective devices (a).
The test results of the devices (a) to (d) are shown.

First, FIG. 6 shows the result of comparing the dust collecting performance with respect to dust having a size of 5 μm or more, which is the largest in homes and offices. The test was performed by arranging each device in a space having a predetermined amount of dust and measuring the amount of decrease in the number of dust after a predetermined time. The vertical axis in the figure is the number of dust (pcs / ft ³ )
, And the horizontal axis indicates the passage of time.

First, the contact adsorbent of the present invention of the wetting phenomenon type (a)
Collected dust to such an extent that measurement of dust became impossible in about 20 minutes. The number of dusts in the electro-electret type contact adsorbent (b) and the electrostatic precipitator (c) decreased earlier than in the wetting phenomenon type contact adsorbent precipitator (a), but almost complete removal of the dust took about 20 minutes. It was later, and it was almost the same as the above-mentioned contact adsorption and dust collecting apparatus (a) of the wet phenomenon type. On the other hand, the fanless ion device (d) had considerably poor dust collecting performance, and about 50 dusts remained after 30 minutes.

FIG. 7 shows the results of a test for removing dust of 1.0 to 5.0 μm. In the case of dust of this size, the dust collection by the electric precipitator (c) is the best, and the electret-type contact adsorption precipitator (b) of the present invention follows this. Minutes later, there was almost no dust, and there was almost no difference in the dust removal time. On the other hand, the performance of the wet adsorption type contact adsorption dust collector (a) was slightly lower than that of the above two types, and the number of dust particles was about 3,000 even after about 30 minutes.
The fanless ion apparatus (d) was considerably inferior to these apparatuses, and even after 30 minutes, about 7,000 dust particles were measured.

FIG. 8 shows almost no problem at home.
3 shows the results of a dust removal test of 3 to 1.0 μm. In the case of this class of dust, the electrostatic precipitator (c) was still effective, and the number of dusts decreased to 500 or less after 15 minutes and to about 300 after 30 minutes. On the other hand, the electret-type contact adsorption dust collecting device (b) does not reach the above-mentioned electric dust collecting device, but follows the same dust reduction process as the electric dust collecting device. I found it to withstand. This is considered to be due to the fact that the electret-type device has a small dust suction capability, although it is insignificant as compared with the electrostatic method. On the other hand, it was found that about 17000 dusts remained in the wet adsorption type contact adsorption dust collecting apparatus (a) even after elapse of 30 minutes, and the dust collecting ability was greatly reduced as compared with the above two.
This is presumably because the wetting phenomenon type contact adsorbent has no ability to suck dust, and a considerable amount of such fine dust has passed between the contact adsorbents. The effect of the fanless ion device (d) was low, and the number of dust particles was about 20,000 even after 30 minutes had passed, and hardly decreased.

From the above test results, it was found that the efficiency of removing dust of 1.0 μm or more, especially 5.0 μm, was extremely high. It was found that it had a dust collecting ability comparable to that of a dust device. In addition, the structure of the device is extremely simple because it does not have an electrode or the like to which a high voltage is applied as compared with the electrostatic precipitator, and there is no trouble such as cleaning of the electrode which must be performed with great care.

Next, Table 1 below shows the amount of collected dust of each material and the pressure loss accompanying the collection with respect to the amount of dust added to the fluid. In the table, the unit of the trapping amount is g, and the unit of the pressure loss (pressure loss) is mmH ₂ O.

[0026]

[Table 1]

In the above table, the collection rate at each dust supply rate is higher for both of the present invention than for the nonwoven fabric. Specifically, the collection rate of the contact adsorbent of the wetting phenomenon type is, for example, 5
g, 92% at 10g, 85% at 15g, and about 87% at 15g. The electret contact adsorbent is 90% at 5g of dust supply, 85% at 10g, and about 83 at 15g.
Percent. On the other hand, the non-woven fabric has a dust supply amount of 5
72% at g, 80% at 10g
It is 79% at 15 g, and it can be understood that the contact adsorbent according to the present invention is superior in dust collection efficiency to the nonwoven fabric.

Next, considering the rise in pressure loss,
The contact adsorption material of the wetting phenomenon type becomes 1.1 to 5.4 (unit: mmH ₂ O / the same applies hereinafter) when the dust supply amount is 0 g to 15 g, and the rate of increase is about 5 times. The electret contact adsorbent is 1.2 to 6.9 when the amount of dust supplied is from 0 g to 15 g, which is about a 6-fold increase. On the other hand, the nonwoven fabric increases from 0.8 to 8.6 when the dust supply amount is from 0 g to 15 g, which is about 11 times higher. That is, from this point, although the dust collecting device of the filtration system is inferior in dust collecting ability as compared with the present invention, the pressure loss is 2% of the present invention.
It was found to rise almost twice. That is, the present invention shows that high dust collection efficiency can be maintained over a long period of time while maintaining a low pressure loss.

In the apparatus of the present invention in the above test, the contact adsorbent 4 is disposed so as to cover the support member 3 with respect to the fluid flow indicated by the arrow as shown in FIG. It is configured to come into close contact with the support member 3. On the other hand, each stage of the contact adsorbent 4
1 or the contact adsorbent 4 is arranged like a stream to the fluid by allowing the fluid to pass from behind the support member 3 in the opposite direction to FIG. Although the dust collection efficiency is slightly lowered, it is expected that the pressure loss will be further greatly reduced.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing changes in pressure loss with respect to the amount of dust supplied in the above table. In FIG. 9, A is a wetting phenomenon type contact adsorbent of the present invention, and B is an electret type contact adsorbent. And C indicate the change in pressure loss of the nonwoven fabric, respectively.

Since the present invention has the above-mentioned features,
In addition to home use, various uses such as, for example, air conditioning filters for various industries, filters for clean rooms, and filters for cleaning intake air of engines can be considered.

[0032]

According to the present invention, as specifically described above,
Dust in the fluid can be effectively removed, and dust can be collected simply by placing the contact adsorbent in the space through which the fluid passes. It is inexpensive and requires no special maintenance work other than replacement of the contact adsorbent.

Further, even if the dust is collected and the collected dust is saturated in some cases, the rise in the pressure loss of the passing fluid is small, so that the apparatus according to the present method can be operated safely and economically for a long time. It is possible.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a dust collecting member constituting a main part of an apparatus according to a method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the dust collecting member shown in FIG.

FIGS. 3A to 3C are diagrams each showing a configuration of a base material of a contact adsorbent.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a dust adsorption state of a wetting phenomenon type contact adsorbent.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing a dust adsorption state of an electret contact adsorbent.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the results of a comparative test of the dust collection performance of the contact adsorption device according to the present invention and a conventional device for dust to be collected of 5.0 μm or more.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of a comparative test of the dust collection performance of a contact adsorption device according to the present invention and a conventional device for dust to be collected of 1.0 to 5.0 μm or more.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the results of a comparative test of the dust collection performance of the contact adsorption device according to the present invention and the conventional device for dust to be collected of 0.3 to 1.0 μm or more.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the change in pressure loss between the contact adsorbent according to the present invention and the nonwoven fabric at each dust supply amount.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dust collection member 2 Frame 3 Support member 4 Contact adsorbent 8, 8a, 8b Dust

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-6-320045 (JP, A) JP-A-5-28435 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B03C 3/00-3/88 B01D 46/00

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A dust collecting device for adsorbing a collection target such as dust by a wetting phenomenon or a contact adsorption by an electret method, wherein contact adsorbents for collecting the collection target are individually independent.
Constituted as an aggregate of a large number of
Is formed into a rope, crepe, or curled thread ,
By gas containing adsorbed target is configured to pass respectively between the separate each substrate, each substrate is attached or impregnated adsorbent, contacting the entire adsorbent composed of the base material As an adsorbent using the wetting phenomenon, or by performing an electret treatment in which positive and negative charges coexist semi-permanently and coexist with each of the base materials, the contact formed by the base materials A dust collecting device using contact adsorption, wherein the entire adsorbent is configured as an electret adsorbent. 2. A supporting contact adsorbent, and a support member having a rough opening enough to be virtually pressure loss adhering dust is not reduced, to the flow of gas containing adsorbed target
2. The dust collecting device according to claim 1, wherein the dust collecting device is disposed downstream of the contact adsorbing material . 3. A supporting contact adsorbent, and a support member having a rough opening enough to be virtually pressure loss adhering dust is not reduced, to the flow of gas containing adsorbed target
Therefore, it is arranged on the upstream side of the contact adsorbent, and the respective bases constituting the contact adsorbent are configured to be positioned in the form of a stream along the flow of the gas, regardless of the state of adsorption of the dust on the respective bases. 2. The dust collecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the contact adsorbent is configured to prevent an increase in pressure loss as a whole.