JP3281107B2 - Projection display device and lighting device using the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a projection type display device using a transmission scattering type display element and an illumination device using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIGS.
The invention described in the above item is shown as prior art. The present invention is a projection display element in which the convergence of light from a light source is improved and light is effectively used. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the shape of each part of the prism 5 used. The feature is that the cross-sectional area of the bottom surface (the portions of reference numerals 5a and 5b) is larger than the cross-sectional area of the upper surface (the portions of reference numeral 5e), and has a long and almost truncated cone shape.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a prism 5, a light source 11a, an elliptical mirror 12, and a first stop 17 constituting a light source system. FIG. 8 shows an embodiment in which the light source system includes a condenser lens 13, a transmission / scattering display element 15, a second
The stop 18, the second condenser lens 16, and the projection lens 19 are combined to form a projection display device.

In this projection type display device, a prism 5
It was positioned substantially in the second focal point position of the elliptical mirror 12. The prism 5 has a substantially truncated cone shape having an elongated shape with respect to the optical axis. Light emitted from the light source 11 is reflected and converged by the elliptical mirror 12 and is incident from the bottom surface of the prism 5. In this case, reference numerals 5a and 5b in FIG.
But those barrels to the plane of incidence. The light incident on the prism 5 is totally reflected by the slope 5f of the prism 5 into the interior of the prism 5 and is confined therein, while the upper surface of the prism 5 (FIG. 6).
5e corresponds to the upper surface) and is emitted from the upper surface.

According to the present invention, the light emitted from the light source 11 is condensed by the elliptical mirror 12 and is incident on the bottom surface of the prism 5 having a relatively large area. Was possible. Then, the light is guided to the upper surface having a relatively small area with respect to the bottom surface, and is emitted after being condensed, so that light with good directivity can be easily obtained.

Further, by providing the prism 5 in a particular shape to the second focal point position location of the ellipsoidal mirror 12, it has in the divergent light from the light source <br/> dividing removed by. That is, the light source to proceed in order to have the emission length of the finite not ideal point light source (filament length, etc.), not reach the vicinity of the second focal point position of the elliptical mirror 12 to focusing lens 13 , And does not reflect the elliptical mirror 12 and
It can remove light toward the transparent-scattering type display element 15 without passing through the 2 focal position, could improve the contrast ratio of the brightness of the projected image.

However, in this projection type display device,
The uniformity of the intensity distribution of the light emitted from the projection light source system to the transmission / scattering display element 15 was not sufficient. Is because, unlike the number of times of total reflection at the slope is a side of the prism 5 (reference numeral 5f in FIG. 6) in accordance with the angle of incidence of the incident light, the emission angle distribution of the prism 5 to reflect that discrete total number of reflections There tends to be uneven, with the result that the non-uniformity of the intensity distribution in the surface of the transparent-scattering type display element 15 because had invited.

Further, in order to positively utilize the reflection on the inclined surface of the prism 5, it has been necessary to form the optical surface by increasing the dimensional accuracy of the shape of the inclined surface. Further, since a relatively long shape is required, the volume of the prism 5 is increased.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a projection type display apparatus and a lighting apparatus using a transmission / scattering type display element capable of obtaining a high-luminance screen. Another object of the present invention is to further improve the contrast ratio and uniformity of a projected image, to achieve a compact and robust structure without using a long prism, and to achieve adjustment of a partial light amount of a projected image.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention is, near the second focal point position location of oval <br/> circular mirror 12 with the light source 11 is disposed near the first focal point position location of the elliptical mirror 12 a light source system which prism is placed in, a condenser lens 13 which allowed to converge the light passing through the prism, a transparent-scattering type display element 15 where the light that has passed through the condenser lens 13 is incident, the transparent-scattering type display Element 1
In the projection type display device and a projection optical system that allowed to elevation projecting the light passing through the 5, wherein the prism is convex cone-like prism 1 or top apex angle of the exit surface of the light α is 90 ° to 175 ° Concave cone prism 2 having angle β of 185 ° to 270 °
A first projection display device is provided. In the first projection display apparatus of the apex angle α or apex angle β provides a second projection display apparatus that differ in at least two cross-section including the optical axis. Further, in the first or second projection display device, at least one cross section perpendicular to the optical axis of the convex cone prism 1 or the concave cone prism 2 has an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape.
Providing a third projection-type display device that. In addition, the first
In any one of the third to third projection display devices, it corresponds to the effective surface of the convex-cone prism 1 or the concave-cone prism 2.
Providing a fourth projection display apparatus comprising a first diaphragm 17 having an aperture was. In any one of the first to fourth projection display devices, the projection optical system has the second condenser lens 16 and an opening at a substantially focal position of the second condenser lens 16. A fifth projection display device including the second aperture 18 is provided. Further, in any of the first to fifth projection type display device described above, the transparent-scattering type display element 15, Nemachi <br/> click liquid crystal Yuden anisotropy between substrates with electrodes is positive is The sixth embodiment is a transmission / scattering display element 15 having a liquid crystal resin composite dispersed and held in a resin matrix and having the refractive index of the resin matrix matched with the ordinary light refractive index (n ₀ ) of the liquid crystal to be used . Provided is a projection display device. In addition, there is provided an illumination device using any one of the first to sixth projection display devices.

A description will be given with reference to FIG. The basic arrangement is almost the same as that of the above-described prior art. In the present invention, the shape of the prism used is most characteristic. Projection light source system of the present invention, also elliptical mirror 12 and the light source 11 and the convex cone-like prism 1 of the light transmission type and a凹錐-like prism 2 and the condenser lens 13. For convex cone-like prism 1, the convex vertex angle of the cross section from 90 ° to 175 °, in the case of凹錐-like prism 2 forms a concave apex angle of from 185 ° to 270 ° . That is, the shape in a cross section including the optical axis or convex constitutes a concave prism. The shape and arrangement will be described later in detail.

[0012] The light source 1 near the first focal point position of the elliptical mirror 12
1 is arranged to focus the light from the light source 11 in the vicinity of the second focal point position, here arranged convex or enters the cone-shaped prism having a concave cross-sectional shape. Then, the light is emitted from a convex surface or a concave surface of the prism located in the direction of the transmission / scattering type display element 15, and becomes a substantially parallel light beam. The light beam emitted from the prism is condensed by the second condensing lens 16 and arranged so as to be incident on the transmission / scattering type display element 15.

[0013] Incidentally, convex cone-like prism 1 or凹錐-like prism 2, placing the second focal point position of the elliptical mirror 12, most efficient, but in some cases before and after the optical axis It is possible that they are arranged out of alignment. Strictly speaking,
The optimum position is determined by the orientation distribution of the light from the light source 11.

[0014]

According to the present invention, since a substantial portion of the light source 11 is covered by the elliptical mirror 12, most of the light emitted from the light source 11 can be utilized by the reflection of the elliptical mirror 12, thereby improving the efficiency. Further, since the condensing lens 13 is used, a small elliptical mirror 12 is sufficient, and there is no need to use an expensive large parabolic mirror corresponding to the effective surface of the display element, and the projection light source system can be downsized.

Furthermore, in the vicinity of the second focal point position of the elliptical mirror,
Or convex are disposed concave cone-like prism. In addition, before and after these conical prisms, a first aperture having an opening corresponding to the effective surface of the conical prism is provided so that light that has reached a portion other than the effective surface of the conical prism does not reach the condenser lens 13. It is preferable to install the diaphragm 17 of the above. Actually, the holder holding the conical prism performs the function of the stop. It is desirable to use a stop having an opening, such as a circle, a square, an ellipse, or a rectangle, that matches the optical shape of the transmission-scattering display element 15.

Thus, the light source 11 of finite length and the elliptical mirror 1
2, light components that are not collected near the second focal position and light components that are not reflected by the elliptical mirror and directly go to the condenser lens 13 without passing through the second focal point can be removed, and the light beams can be aligned. When the transmission / scattering display element 15 is in the scattering state, unnecessary light reaching the screen can be reduced, and the contrast ratio can be improved.

This effect is particularly great if a means for removing scattered light, specifically, a second diaphragm 18 is provided between the transmission scattering type display element 15 and the screen. The non-uniformity of the in-plane light intensity distribution of the transmission-scattering display element 15 caused by the shortage of the light component having a small angle formed by the optical axis at the second focal position, which occurs when the elliptical mirror 12 is used, is caused by the light source 11 and the elliptical mirror 12 have an apex angle α of 90 ° to 175.
凸 convex pyramid prism 1 or apex angle β is 185 ° to 27
The use of the 0 ° concave conical prism 2 greatly improves and homogenizes it.

In terms of light use efficiency and luminance distribution on the projection screen, the apex angle α is more preferably in the range of 100 ° to 140 °, and the apex angle β is more preferably in the range of 220 ° to 260 °.

Furthermore, since only light that has passed through the convex or concave cone-shaped prism 1 or 2 and the first stop 17 enters the transmission-scattering display element 15, the directivity of the light beam is good. It will be aligned. Then, the scattered light can be removed with high efficiency from the transmitted light that has passed through the transmission / scattering display element 15, and a projection image with a high contrast ratio can be obtained.

Furthermore, the present invention according to the respective apex angle of the convex cone-like prism 1 or凹錐-like prism 2 disposed in the vicinity of the second focal point position of the elliptical mirror 12, the condenser lens 13 Since the directivity of light incident on the display device can be adjusted, light can be effectively condensed on the display element surface even when the transmission-scattering display element 15 is non-square.

For example, for NTSC having an aspect ratio of 3: 4 and HDTV having a aspect ratio of 9:16, when the convex conical prism 1 is used in the cross section of the prism including the optical axis, the vertical apex angle is horizontal. When the concave-cone-shaped prism 2 is used so that the angle is smaller than the vertex angle in the direction (longitudinal direction),
The use of a prism whose cross-section perpendicular to the optical axis has an elliptical or rectangular shape allows the vertical apex angle to be greater than the horizontal apex angle.

Moreover, by varying the opening degree of the second throttle 18 disposed as a means for removing the first diaphragm 17 and the scattered light that is provided near the second focal point position of the elliptical mirror 12
If, for example, when a dark ambient is less effect on the screen by the light from the surroundings, since it can be determined also dark spots by the projection type display apparatus, even if amount of passing light is reduced elaborate stop two stop, contrast The ratio can also be adjusted to be high, and a display image with a high contrast ratio and easy-to-see brightness can be obtained.

On the other hand, when the surroundings are bright, light from the surroundings is reflected on the screen, so that the dark portion of the image projected by the projection display device looks bright to some extent.
At this time, the contrast ratio can be increased by opening the two apertures to increase the amount of projection light and brighten the screen, thereby making it easier to see.

[0024]

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 shows a projection display apparatus 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Indicates 0. In this embodiment, the light source 11 is the first of the elliptical mirrors 12.
Arranged focal position, light emitted from the light source 11 is elliptical mirror 12
In it is reflected almost second focal point incident on the incident surface of the transmissive convex cone-like prism 1 provided in a position to proceed its internal light, when exiting the convex surface, refracted light beam orientation The angle changed, and the light was advanced toward the condenser lens 13.
The light was made substantially parallel by the condenser lens 13. Further, a first diaphragm 17 is provided between the convex conical prism 1 and the lens 13.
Was provided.

Further, the light whose light flux has been aligned and becomes parallel passes through the transmission / scattering display element 15 and is condensed by the second light condensing lens 16 to remove the scattered light. The scattered light was removed by the second aperture 18 and projected on a screen (not shown) by the projection lens 19.

In the projection type display device 10 shown in FIG.
The light source 11, the elliptical mirror 12, the convex conical prism 1, and the first stop 17 constituted a light source system for projection. The projection optical system was constituted by the second condenser lens 16, the second aperture 18, and the projection lens 19.

As the light source 11, a discharge light emitting metal halide lamp, a xenon lamp, a filament light emitting halogen lamp or the like is usually used. Each of them has a light shielding portion such as an electrode, a tube glass, a heat insulating film, and a filament which constitute the light source 11 . Therefore , light source 1
Light emitted from the 1, since the optical axis and parallel orientation near the outgoing light <br/> small Kunar, the reflected light is also emitted light component parallel orientation near the optical axis from the elliptical mirror 12 less Kunar.

In the prior art described above, the second elliptical mirror 12
Insufficient light at an angle of about 10 ° or less with respect to the optical axis at the focal point caused a shadow near the center of the transmission-scattering display element 15, but in this embodiment using the convex conical prism 1, the light was not emitted. The azimuth angle of the emitted light beam changes due to refraction at the convex surface forming the interface in the direction, and the angle formed with the optical axis compensates for the lack of light whose angle with the optical axis is about 10 ° or less. The light intensity non-uniformity (approximately near the optical axis) was corrected, and the light intensity was made uniform over the entire surface.

The angle component near parallel light that is insufficient near the second focal position of the elliptical mirror 12 changes according to the shape of the light shielding portion of the light source 11 and the shape of the elliptical mirror 12. Therefore,
The shape of the apex angle α of the convex conical prism 1 has an optimum value according to the light emission angle distribution of the light source 11, the shape of the elliptical mirror 12, and the required light intensity distribution in the transmission-scattering display element 15. The principle will be described later in detail. In this embodiment, one transmission / scattering display element 15 is used.
A full-color display can be performed using a plurality of transmission / scattering display elements 15 for each color.

Each part constituting this embodiment will be further described. The transmission / scattering display element 15 uses a liquid crystal display element of a liquid crystal resin dispersion type. The display portion is 3.4 inches diagonally, the aperture ratio of the TFT is 50%, and the maximum light transmittance at the time of transmission is: 38%.

[0031] The projection light source system, the light source 11 (light-emitting arc length 5 mm, 250 W metal halide lamp), elliptical mirror 12 (first focal length F ₁ = 15 mm, the second focal length F ₂ = 100 mm, depth full length H = 50 mm, opening diameter D
= 76.8 mm), convex cone prism 1 (vertical angle 120
゜, bottom cross-sectional diameter 30 mm, height 12 mm, height of the inclined surface of the conical prism is 8.66 mm), and condensing lens 13 (focal length) arranged in front of transmission-scattering display element 15 160 mm convex lens). In addition, a first stop 17 (aperture) having an opening with a diameter of 17 mm close to the convex surface on the light emission side of the convex conical prism 1 was used.

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the projection light source system.
The light source 11a cannot emit light in all directions due to its structure, and in particular, light in the direction of the optical axis is insufficient. The hatched area in FIG. 2 indicates a main optical path along which light travels, and indicates that there is no optical path near the optical axis from the convex conical prism 1 to the light source 11a. However, the light emitted from the convex conical prism 1 travels as a substantially uniform light flux including the optical axis portion.

Returning to FIG. 1, the description will be continued. Light that has passed through the convex-cone prism 1 and the opening of the first aperture 17 is
The light was collimated by a condenser lens 13 provided at a position 160 mm away from the convex conical prism 1 on the optical axis, and was incident on a transmission-scattering display element 15 composed of a liquid crystal display element. The liquid crystal display device, which Yuden anisotropy is sealed a nematic liquid crystal is positive in the capsule was used.

Of the light transmitted through the transmission / scattering display element 15, a second condenser lens 16 (convex lens having a focal length of 200 mm) arranged for removing scattered light and a focal point are provided. The second diaphragm 18 (21 m aperture diameter)
Only the light passing through m) was imaged as a liquid crystal display image on the screen through the projection lens 19.

Using this projection display device 10, a display was projected on a 40-inch screen. At this time, the illuminance distribution on the screen in the dark room (center, maximum, periphery: l
ux), luminous flux (lm) and contrast ratio were as shown in Table 1. Further, Comparative Example 1 of a projection light source system using only a diaphragm without using a prism and Comparative Example 2 of a projection light source system using neither a prism nor a diaphragm at all are also shown.

[0036]

[Table 1]

As is apparent from these results, according to the present invention, the illuminance distribution of the projected image can be made uniform, and the luminous flux, which is the integrated amount of light in the screen surface, can be increased without deteriorating the contrast ratio. did it. In particular, the remarkable shortage of light amount near the center of the screen in the related art (the shortage of light amount near the optical axis described above) was improved, the maximum illuminance was obtained at the center of the screen, and a large-area display screen became bright and easy to see.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the convex conical prism 1. This is elliptical cone is quadrangular pyramid, cone or substantially oval section parallel to the incident surface, and the cross section taken along the optical axis is substantially triangular. It suffices if a shape similar to these can optically perform the same action.
3, incident light A has traveled is emitted from the elliptical mirror 12 is incident with the convex cone-like prism incident angle gamma ₁ on the bottom surface 1c of 1, mainly refracted at the exit surface 1a (the incident light B , Which is incident angle γ ₂ and is refracted at the exit surface 1 b), is almost parallel to the optical axis, and is then emitted as the exit light C to the condenser lens 13.

The angle of the apex angle α of the convex conical prism 1 is determined by the geometric light emission distribution of the light source 11, the shape of the elliptical mirror 12, the focal length of the condenser lens 13, and the display surface of the transmission / scattering display element 15. There were optimum values for the size, the effective F number of the projection optical system, and the like. The vertex of the apex angle α is located on the optical axis, and the bisector of the apex angle α coincides with the optical axis.

The material of the convex cone-like prism 1 may also Re Izu if translucent material. A light incident surface (bottom surface 1c) and a light exit surface (convex surface 1) for reducing the light amount loss due to interface reflection.
It is preferable to form an antireflection film on a and 1b). In order not to irradiate the display element with unnecessary light, light in the required wavelength range is transmitted through the surface of the optically polished optical glass, and unnecessary light is reflected or absorbed. infrared cut filter that reflects, or it is preferable to form the ultraviolet cut filter. In some cases, the prism holder has a function as a diaphragm.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the conical prism 2. It is the same as the convex conical prism 1 except that the apex angle β is formed by a concave surface. Apex angle β is 185
Ranges from up to 270 ° degrees, a concave conical, reentrant cone or elliptical concave cone becomes substantially elliptical shape of the cross section parallel cuts on the bottom. Similarly to the convex conical prism 1, the incident light D and the incident light E are obliquely incident on the bottom surface 2c (incident angles γ ₃ , γ ₄ ) and are mainly refracted at the interface between the exit surfaces 2a and 2b. The emitted light F is emitted almost in parallel with the axis.

[0042] Incidentally, pyramidal portion of the prism tends to machining cone or regular quadrangular <br/> pyramid, but the cross section perpendicular prism bisector on the optical axis of the apex angle of the cone section circular or need not be square, may be elliptical or rectangular. this
When, the value of the apex angle of the cone portion is also more instead of one is a value distributed the range Ru der from 90 ° to 175 ° or from 185 ° to 270 °. Further, the side surface of the conical prism may be a curved surface other than a straight line. That may be a shape curved surface of the cone-like prism.

The convex cone-like prism 1 or凹錐-like prism 2 disposed in the vicinity of the second focal point position of the elliptical mirror 12,
It is the angle between the optical axis with utilizing only light focused near the second focal point position make up for the lack of light near the following optical axis approximately 10 °. As a result, Ru can be made uniform in-plane light intensity distribution of the transparent-scattering type display element 15. In particular, the light collecting lens from non-effective surface of the convex cone-like prism 1 13
Be as also not to reach Ru is blocked in
preferable. For this purpose, it is preferable to arrange a black aperture.

[0044] In the vicinity of the second focal point position, the prism bottom surface and thus to define the size of the light beam incident on the prism
The dimensions of the effective area of the size and aperture of the size of the light source 11, a desired brightness, may be determined in consideration of the contrast ratio and the like. Normally, as shown in FIG. 1, when the parallel light, or the diameter of the effective area of the prism which define the size of the light beam at a second focal point position is the average diameter D of the opening of the first throttle 17 ₁ and the ratio D ₁ of the focal length f ₁ of the condenser lens 13
It is preferred that the / f ₁ keep the 0.04 to 0.21.

Next, other components will be described. In addition to the projection light source system, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired,
Other plane reflecting mirror, an optical fiber, fiber array pre over preparative, lens, cooling system, an infrared cut filter, may be used in combination with ultraviolet cut filter or the like. As the projection optical system, a conventionally known projection optical system such as a lens can be used. The projection optical system only needs to have a configuration in which only non-scattered transmitted light out of the light emitted from the transmission-scattering display element 15 is projected onto the screen, and the scattered transmitted light is removed.

In the simplest configuration, there is a configuration in which only a projection lens is provided after the transmission / scattering display element 15,
If necessary, a converging lens, a reflecting mirror and the like may be used in combination. However, as it is, the transmission scattering type display element 15
If the distance between the lens and the projection lens is not long, the scattered light cannot be sufficiently removed and is not practical. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a means for removing the scattered light.

More specifically, the transmitted light may be once collected after passing through the transmission / scattering display element 15, and a second aperture 18 may be provided at the focal position. As the second stop 18, an aperture having a hole similar to the first stop 17 of the projection light source system, a small mirror, or the like can be used.

In the case of an aperture, the hole becomes the opening, and only linearly transmitted light (light transmitted through a portion where the pixel portion is in a transparent state) can pass through the hole. In this case, the reflection surface becomes the opening, and only the linearly transmitted light is reflected by the reflection surface and can pass therethrough. Since it hardly reaches the light, it is almost removed, and only the linearly transmitted light necessary for the original image is projected.

The diameter D ₂ of the opening of the second diaphragm may be determined in consideration of desired brightness, contrast ratio and the like.
It is also preferable to be able to change the size of the opening so that it can be adjusted. Usually, Figure 1
When the second condenser lens 16 (focal length f ₂ ) and the second diaphragm 18 (average diameter D _{2 of the} opening) are used, the ratio D ₂ / f ₂ becomes the above-mentioned ratio D 2 it is preferably equal to or greater value than the ₁ / f _1.

When a plurality of transmission / scattering type display elements are provided for each color, they may be composed by combining with a dichroic prism or a dichroic mirror as shown in FIG. 5 and then projecting. The image may be projected and synthesized on the screen. However, since the image is synthesized and then projected, the number of optical axes becomes one, which is advantageous in applications requiring small size and carrying.

The means for removing the scattered light may be provided between the transmission / scattering type display elements 47A, 47B, 47C and the screen, so that the means for removing the scattered light is provided in the combined optical path as shown in FIG. Alternatively, each transmission-scattering display element 47
A, 47B, and 47C may be arranged together with the condenser lens immediately after A, 47B, and 47C so as to be combined after removing scattered light and projected.

The transmission-scattering type display element used in the present invention is:
Any flat display element that can be in a transmission state or a scattering state depending on the voltage application state can be used. In particular,
DSM (Dynamic Scattering Mode) liquid crystal display device, using a liquid crystal resin composite in which liquid crystal is dispersed and held in a resin matrix, and transmission scattering is controlled by matching or non-matching between the refractive index of the liquid crystal and the refractive index of the resin matrix. There are a liquid crystal display element, an element in which fine needle-like particles are dispersed in a solution, and transmission scattering is controlled by a voltage application state.

Among them, a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal resin composite has good optical transmission-scattering performance, can be manufactured by a manufacturing process similar to a conventional TN type liquid crystal display device, and can be driven by using the same driving IC. Easy to use because possible.

The liquid crystal resin composite of the liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal resin composite is composed of a resin matrix having a large number of fine holes and a liquid crystal filled in the holes. Light is transmitted when the refractive index of the liquid crystal matches the refractive index of the resin matrix, and is scattered when they do not match.

[0055] More preferably, by the dielectric anisotropy is a liquid crystal of the ordinary refractive index of the refractive index of the resin matrix using positive nematic liquid crystal is used as the (n _o) in roughly match, a voltage was applied Sometimes showing high permeability,
In addition, since a portion between pixels without electrodes is in a scattering state (it becomes black when projected on a screen), the contrast ratio of a projected image is increased without providing a light-shielding film between pixels, which is preferable.

The liquid crystal resin composite composed of the resin matrix having a large number of fine holes and the liquid crystal filled in the holes has a structure in which the liquid crystal is sealed in a liquid bubble such as a microcapsule. However, individual microcapsules do not have to be completely independent, and liquid bubbles of individual liquid crystals may be communicated via a slit like a porous body.

This liquid crystal resin composite is prepared by mixing a liquid crystal and a material constituting a resin matrix into a solution or a latex, and then subjecting the mixture to photo-curing, thermal curing, curing by removing a solvent, reaction curing, or the like. The resin matrix may be separated in such a manner that the liquid crystal is dispersed in the resin matrix.

[0058] In particular, the resin used, the light curable type also <br/> is a thermosetting type, preferably because it can cure in a closed system, further among them, the light curable type resin is affected by heat It is preferable because it can be cured in a short time.

More specifically, a photocurable vinyl resin is preferably used, and a photocurable acrylic resin is exemplified. In particular, a resin containing an acrylic oligomer which is polymerized and cured by light irradiation is preferable. Specific production method, only the form of a conventional ordinary TN liquid crystal display cell using the same sealing member and the element, inlet or et liquid crystal and tree fat matrix
After injecting the curing mixture and sealing the inlet, curing can be performed by irradiating light or heating.

[0060] Further, by supplying an uncured mixture of liquid crystal and the resin matrix on-out with the electrode substrate, then, overlapping the substrate-out another sheet dated electrodes, it can also be cured by light irradiation or the like. To the uncured mixture, spacers such as ceramic particles, plastic particles, and glass fibers for controlling the gap between the substrates, pigments, dyes, viscosity modifiers, and other additives that do not adversely affect the performance of the present invention may be added.

In the case of such an element, by hardening a specific portion only in the hardening process while applying a sufficiently high voltage during the hardening step, the portion can be always in a light transmitting state. If you have something you want to do,
Such a normally transparent portion may be formed.

The response time of a liquid crystal display device using such a liquid crystal resin composite is such that the rise of the voltage application is 3 to 50.
msec, fall of voltage removal 10 to 80 msec
c, which is faster than the conventional TN-type liquid crystal display element,
The voltage-transmittance electro-optical characteristics are also suitable for driving for gradation display. The volume fraction 動作 of the operable liquid crystal in the liquid crystal resin composite is preferably ξ> 20%, more preferably ξ> 35%, from the viewpoint of the scattering property in the absence of an electric field. On the other hand, if ξ is too large, the structural stability of the liquid crystal resin composite deteriorates, so ξ <70% is preferable.

[0063] used by sandwiching such a liquid crystal polymer composite material in-out with the electrode substrate. Since the liquid crystal display device using this liquid crystal resin composite has poor multiplex drive characteristics,
When a liquid crystal display element having a large number of pixels is used, an active element is arranged for each pixel. In the case of other transmission scattering type display elements, active elements are arranged as needed. When using the 3-terminal element of a TFT (thin film transistor) or the like as the active element, the substrate-out with the other electrode may be provided common to all pixels of the solid electrode, MIM device, a two-terminal element such as a PIN diode If used, the substrate-out with the other electrode is patterned in a stripe shape.

When a TFT is used as an active element, silicon is preferable as a semiconductor material. In particular, polycrystalline silicon is preferable because it does not have photosensitivity like amorphous silicon and does not malfunction even if light from a light source is not blocked by a light-blocking film. When amorphous silicon is used, a light-shielding film is also used.

Although the electrode is usually a transparent electrode,
When used as a reflective liquid crystal display element, a reflective electrode made of chromium, aluminum, or the like may be used. As described above, the projection type display device normally uses a transmission / scattering type display element as a transmission type, and projects it on a separately provided screen. In this case, whether it is a front projection type (the observer is positioned on the projection type display device side and looks) or a rear projection type (the observer is positioned on the opposite side to the projection type display device and looks). Good.

Further, a reflection type liquid crystal display element using a reflection electrode or a reflection layer provided on the back side of the element may be used to form a reflection type projection display apparatus in which emitted light is guided to the incident side and projected. it can. As this transmission scattering type display element ,
By using a transparent-scattering type display element in which the transparent-scattering type display element or simple electrode patterning of entire solid electrode,
The projection display device of the present invention can be used as a lighting device.

For example, by arranging the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in such a configuration and embedding it in a wall, a ceiling, or the like, light can be adjusted at high speed without changing the color. Also, the device itself of FIG. 1 or FIG.
By embedding and arranging in a wall, a ceiling, or the like, light can be adjusted at high speed without changing the color, or light can be adjusted while changing the color.

Embodiment 2 As shown in FIG. 5, dichroic mirrors 51, 53,
The light from the light source system is separated into three colors of RGB by using the mirrors 4 and 56 and the metal mirrors 52 and 55, and the transmission / scattering type display elements 47A and 47 composed of the liquid crystal display element similar to the first embodiment for each color.
B, and arranged 47C, further prior to the transparent-scattering type示素Ko or
After another lens 46A for condensing, 46B, by arranging 46C, and synthesized by the dichroic mirror with focused by the focus and aperture disposed in a position the lens for a projection (is not shown) Projected on the screen.

However, the display portions of the transmission / scattering type display elements 47A, 47B and 47C made of liquid crystal have a 9:16 rectangular shape with an aspect ratio of high-definition specification, and the convex conical prism 1 has a vertical and horizontal bottom shape. The ratio was 9:16 and the apex angle in the horizontal direction was 120 °. Further, in order to reduce the deterioration of the color purity due to the PS polarization, it is preferable to use a color filter in combination with the transmission / scattering display elements 47A, 47B and 47C which are liquid crystal display elements.

As a result, even when the shape of the display unit is a rectangle of 9:16 in which the aspect ratio is the high-definition specification, the light loss in the periphery is suppressed, and the illuminance distribution in the screen is almost the same as that of the first embodiment. Uniformity was obtained. Next, the convex-cone prism 1 or the concave-cone prism 2 which is a feature of the present invention.
The shape and angle will be further described.

Although the actual conical prism is a three-dimensional structure, the light travels in a plane including the rotation center axis of the conical prism (usually, coincides with the optical axis of the projection display). Just think. FIG. 9 shows a state in which light is incident on the prism from the left side, is refracted on the incident surface and the exit surface, and is transmitted and emitted. In this case, the incident light having an incident angle γ travels along the optical path L after being refracted and transmitted by the prism body, and the optical path L is assumed to be parallel to the optical axis.

In FIG. 9, γ: incidence angle on the prism body, x: refraction angle on the incidence surface side, y: incidence angle on the emission surface side with respect to the emission surface inside the prism, α: apex angle of the convex portion (Α
Is ideally coincident with the optical axis. ), Β: vertex angle of the concave portion (α + β = 360 °), n: refractive index of the prism body.

At this time, the following is obtained according to Snell's law and the like.

[0074]

(Equation 1)

Then, the relationship of Expression 2 is established.

[0076]

(Equation 2)

In Equation 2, the physical characteristic value is determined by the material used. Table 2 shows data for borosilicate glass and plastic, and Table 3 shows data for flint glass. γ is the incident angle, and α is the angle of the apex angle of the projection of the prism body.

[0078]

[Table 2]

[0079]

[Table 3]

The elliptical mirror 12 is used as a collecting light source and its first focal position
The light source 11 provided in the location, the light is converged in the vicinity of the second focal point position location is caused to converge by the reflecting surface of the elliptical mirror 12 is incident on the arranged cone-like prism therein. In this case, FIG.
As shown by 0, in the light source system, there is a relationship of Equation 3, the diameter of the arc tube of a practical light source is = 10 to 30 mm, and the value of D shown in the figure is also in the approximate range.

[0081]

(Equation 3)

The second focal length F ₂ of the practical elliptical mirror 12 is about 50 to 200 mm. Therefore, from Expression 3, γ is approximately 3 ° to 30 °. In practice,
It is preferable to keep the value of γ small, and D = 30.
γ = 30 determined by the combination of mm and F ₂ = 50 mm
° is not practical.

From the relationship between the incident angles γ and α shown in Tables 2 and 3, the value of the apex angle α in the case of the convex conical prism 1 is 90 ° to 90 °.
It turns out that the range of 175 ° is appropriate. The value of the vertex angle β in the case of the concave conical prism 2 is in the range of 185 ° to 270 ° .
It turns out that the surroundings are appropriate .

(Embodiment 3) Instead of the projection light source system of Embodiment 1, an elliptical mirror 12 ( first
Focal length F ₁ = 20 mm, the second focal length F ₂ = 105m
m, total depth H = 50 mm, opening diameter D = 90 mm, hole for introducing a lamp 11 mm), convex conical prism 1 (vertical angle 114 °, bottom cross-sectional diameter 30 mm, height 12 mm, but conical prism The height of the slope is 9.74m
m), and the condensing lens 13 (a biconvex lens with a focal length of 169 mm) disposed in front of the transmission / scattering display element 15
Was used.

An antireflection film for a wavelength band of visible light was formed on the bottom surface and the convex surface of the convex conical prism 1. The focusing lens 13 has a focal length of 1 using BK7 as a glass material.
A 2,000 mm plano-convex lens and a 200 mm focal length plano-convex lens are prepared, and an ultraviolet absorbing film made of an organic material is sandwiched between the two flat-convex lenses with the flat surfaces facing each other, and is bonded with an optical adhesive to produce. the plano-convex lens of focal length 1000mm on the light incident side, and place the plano-convex lens of focal length 200mm to the light emitting side.

By adopting such a configuration and arrangement, the aberration of the spherical single lens is reduced, and the interface between the ultraviolet absorbing film and the air is eliminated so that the light use efficiency is reduced (about 8%) due to the interface reflection. It has been eliminated. Further, the diameter of the convex cone prism 1 is close to the convex surface on the light emission side.
A first stop 17 (aperture) having an opening of 7.7 mm was used. Other configurations were the same as in the first embodiment.

As a result, the screen projection light flux was increased by about 10% as compared with the case of the first embodiment. At this time, 25
A three-dimensional illuminant model is created based on the emission distribution measurement of a metal halide lamp of 0 W and emission length of 5 mm. When the liquid crystal display element is in a transparent state, the light flux reaching the screen and the light amount on the screen are determined by the ray tracing method. The distribution was calculated. As variables, the shape of the elliptical mirror 12 (first focal <br/> point distance F ₁ and the ratio F ₂ / F ₁ of the second focal length F _2), the apex angle of the convex cone-like prism 1 alpha and condensing I chose the focal length F _L of the lens 13.

[0088] Also, the first focal length F ₁ of the ellipsoidal mirror 12 1
0 to 30 mm, and the total depth H is H = 2 · (F ₁ +
F ₂ ). When the display portion of the liquid crystal display element had an aspect ratio of 3: 4, calculation was performed for the diagonal dimensions of each display portion. As a result, it was found that a good screen light flux was obtained in the range shown in Table 4. However, the liquid crystal display device having a diagonal 10inch display unit shows the results for the case of F _L = 400 mm.

[0089]

[Table 4]

[0090]

According to the projection display device of the present invention, the light source 11
The light emitted from using an elliptical mirror 12 since the condensed, high light collection efficiency, Ru can bright display. Further, a convex cone-like prism 1 specific shape in the vicinity of its second focal point position
Or凹錐-like prism 2 is provided, since the removal of the diverging light, can remove light toward the transparent-scattering type display element 15 without passing through the second focus position is reflected by the elliptical mirror 12 ,
The contrast ratio of the projected image could be improved.

[0091] Further, a convex cone-like prism 1 or apex angle of the apex angle α until 175 ° from 90 ° β is from 185 ° 270
Since the凹錐-like prism 2 to °, elliptical mirror occurs in the case of using the light source 11 and the elliptical mirror 12 having a light shielding portion 1
Non-uniformity of in-plane light intensity distribution of the transparent-scattering type display element 15 due to the lack of parallel light component and the optical axis at the second focal point position of 2 is significantly improved, while taking a lot of amount of the projection image, In particular, a bright and high-contrast projection display device with excellent illuminance uniformity at the center was obtained. Also,
It could be used as a high-performance lighting device.

[0092] In the present invention, the second focal point position of the elliptical mirror 12
The condensing lens 13 according to the apex angle of each of the convex cone prism 1 or the concave cone prism 2 installed in the vicinity.
Since the directivity of light incident on the display device can be adjusted, light can be effectively condensed on the display element surface even when the transmission-scattering display element 15 is non-square.

The present invention is also applicable to various applications within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. For example, a linear light source and a reflecting mirror having a long shape corresponding to the light emitting direction and having a cross section parallel to the light emitting direction are used. A shutter array for an optical printer can be configured by combining the provided conical prism and the transmission / scattering display element. In this case, a high-contrast print image can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a projection display apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a light source system and a transmission type prism of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing a convex conical prism of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a concave conical prism of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of a prism in a conventional example.

FIG. 7 is a partial block diagram showing a light source system in a conventional example.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a projection display device in a conventional example.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing incidence, refraction, and emission of light to a prism body.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a geometric relationship in a light source system according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Conical-cone prism 2: Conical-cone prism 11: Light source 12: Elliptical mirror 15: Transmission-scattering display device 13: Condensing lens 19: Projection lens

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page Examiner Yoshiyuki Fujioka (56) References JP-A-4-142528 (JP, A) JP-A-4-249234 (JP, A) JP-A-3-266824 (JP, A) 63-298217 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02F 1/13357 G02F 1/13 G02F 1/1334

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. A elliptical mirror with the light source in the vicinity of the first focal point position location of the elliptical mirror (12) (11) is arranged (12) second
Condensing lens allowed to converge and focus point position light source system prism near is placed in location, the light passing through the prism (13)
When, with a transparent-scattering type display element (15) which the light passing through the condensing lens (13) is incident, and a projection optical system that allowed to elevation projecting the light passing through the transparent-scattering type display element (15) In the projection type display device, the prism has a vertex angle α of the light exit surface of 90 ° to 175 °.
The convex cone prism (1) which is ゜ or the vertex angle β is 185
A projection-type display device, characterized by a concave cone prism (2) of {270}. 2. The projection display according to claim 1, wherein the apex angle α or the apex angle β is different in at least two sections including the optical axis. 3. A convex cone-like prism (1) or凹錐-like prism according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shape of at least one cross section perpendicular to the optical axis is oval or rectangular (2) <br /> Projection display device. 4. A convex cone-like prism (1) or the first aperture (17) claim 1 any one of claims with a having an opening corresponding to the effective surface of the凹錐-like prism (2) projecting <br/> morphism display device. 5. A projection Shako science system, the second condenser lens (16)
And a second diaphragm (18) having an opening substantially at a focal position of the second condenser lens (16) .
5. The projection display device according to any one of 4 . 6. transparently scattering type display element (15), nematic liquid crystal Yuden anisotropy between substrates with electrodes is positive has a liquid crystal polymer composite material which is dispersed and held in a resin matrix, and The transmission-scattering display element (1) in which the refractive index of the resin matrix is matched with the ordinary light refractive index (n ₀ ) of the liquid crystal used.
The projection display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein 5). 7. An illuminating device using the projection type display device according to claim 1.