JP3238887B2 - Reflective liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a reflection type liquid crystal display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art With the rapid spread of information communication devices such as mobile phones, PHSs, and PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), an infrastructure that allows anyone to easily access and transmit anytime and anywhere is being prepared. Since these are premised on mobile applications, lightweight, thin and low power consumption display units are required, and currently, liquid crystal display elements are the main components. The liquid crystal display element performs display by changing the light transmission intensity by driving liquid crystal molecules with an effective voltage of several volts.
Since the liquid crystal is a non-light emitting substance, some other light source is required. It is necessary to supply a very large amount of power to the light source compared to the power for driving the liquid crystal.However, it is necessary to provide a reflective plate below the liquid crystal display element and use a reflective liquid crystal display element that displays using ambient light. Accordingly, a display element with extremely low power consumption and utilizing the inherent characteristics of liquid crystal can be realized. The reflection type liquid crystal display element is becoming indispensable as one of displays of a portable information terminal.

However, the reflection type liquid crystal display element has a problem that sufficient brightness can be obtained only in the regular reflection direction of light incident on the display element, because display is performed using ambient light. Was. Therefore, in order to widen the viewing angle, a configuration using a scattering film or the like that diffuses light in directions other than the regular reflection direction has been proposed.

As a conventional reflection type liquid crystal display device, for example, a device using a forward scattering film described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-201802 (hereinafter referred to as "Conventional Configuration A") and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-338993. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. HEI 10-202, the disclosure of which discloses a structure in which scattering characteristics are provided by irregularities formed on an upper substrate or the like (hereinafter, referred to as “conventional configuration B”). FIG. 6 shows the structure of a reflection type liquid crystal display element of the conventional configuration A, wherein 50 is a forward scattering film, 51 is a polarizing plate, 52 is a birefringent film, 53 is a liquid crystal cell, 54 is a transparent substrate, and 55 is a color. Filter, 56 is a transparent electrode, 57
Is a liquid crystal layer, 58 is a specular reflection plate, and 59 is a lower substrate.

[0005]

However, when the scattering characteristic is given by the unevenness as in the conventional configuration B,
Back scatter occurs when ambient light is incident on the reflective liquid crystal display device. As a result, the reflectivity in black display does not become sufficiently low, so that there is a problem that a high contrast cannot be obtained.

In addition to the case of the conventional structure B, also in the case of the structure using the forward scattering film as in the case of the conventional structure A, since the scattering angle region is omnidirectional, the main observation direction of the observer is increased. In the normal direction of the reflective liquid crystal display element, light is diffused when the scattering film is emitted, and a problem arises in that an image is blurred. Further, since the light is diffused in all directions by the scattering film, the light is diffused in a direction in which the observer does not see the light emitted from the liquid crystal display element. For this reason, the emitted light is not effectively utilized, and there is a problem in that a sufficient brightness in white display cannot be obtained in the direction viewed by the observer and the contrast is reduced.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a reflective liquid crystal display device in which white display is bright, high contrast is obtained, and image blur is suppressed.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, a reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal is sealed between a pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal cell disposed on one substrate side of the liquid crystal cell. Polarizing film, a birefringent film disposed between the polarizing film and the liquid crystal cell, a scattering film layer disposed between the one substrate and the polarizing film, and the other of the liquid crystal cell A light reflecting means disposed on the substrate side, wherein the scattering film layer has a film normal direction more than a transmitted light from a first incident angle region including a film normal direction. includes a front scattering film for scattering strongly transmitted light from the second incident angle area not including, the second incidence angle region, said front
Of the incident light direction on the film surface
The angle φ (0 ° ≦ θ <
360 °), 90 ° ≦ φ ≦ 270 °
In which the diffused light emitted in the normal direction and the main viewing direction (φ = 0) , which is the main viewing direction of the reflection type liquid crystal display element, is weakened to reduce image blurring and the main observation direction. In order to obtain a white display having a high reflectance by diffusing incident light from directions and directions other than the direction, the scattering film layer, the incident angle at which transmitted light is more strongly scattered than incident from the main observation direction and direction. It has a region.

By adopting such a configuration, good black-and-white display can be achieved, high contrast can be obtained, and image blur does not occur in the normal direction of the reflective liquid crystal display element which is the main viewing direction of the observer. It is possible to provide a reflective liquid crystal display device capable of obtaining a clear image.

[0010] scattering film contained a turbulent film layer diffusing Te this reflection type liquid crystal display device smell is not good even two or more sheets in one sheet.

[0011] In the reflection type liquid crystal display device, front
And scattering properties of transmitted light from the first incidence angle range of the scattering film, it is preferable that the scattering properties of transmitted light from the second incident angle region is different displays for 45% or more haze.

Here, the haze ratio is (scattered light transmittance).
/ (Total light transmittance) × 100 [%].

More specifically, the scattering characteristic of the transmitted light from the first incident angle region of the forward scattering film is preferably not more than 20% in terms of haze. According to this preferred example, image blur in the normal direction of the reflective liquid crystal display element, which is the main viewing direction of the observer, can be more effectively suppressed. From a similar viewpoint , the haze ratio for transmitted light from the first incident angle region is more preferably 10% or less.

Further, the scattering characteristic of the transmitted light from the second incident angle region of the forward scattering film is represented by a haze ratio of 50%.
It is preferable that it is above. According to this preferred example,
Incident light from angles other than the main observation direction can be effectively condensed in the main observation direction, and a white display with higher reflectance can be obtained. From the same viewpoint , the haze ratio for the transmitted light from the second incident angle region is more preferably 60% or more.

Further, in the reflection type liquid crystal display device, the second incidence angle range of front scattering film is, the angle θ of the incident light direction on the front scattering film makes with the film normal
(0 ° ≦ θ ≦ 90 °), 5 ° ≦ θ ≦ 90
It is preferably within the range of °. According to this preferred example, it is possible to provide the observer from at least the region of 0 ° ≦ θ <5 ° with good image quality in which image blur is suppressed. From a similar viewpoint , the second incident angle region is 10
More preferably, it is in the range of ° ≦ θ ≦ 90 °.

In the reflection type liquid crystal display device, the second incident angle region of the forward scattering film is represented by Δθ which is a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of θ, and Δθ ≧
Preferably it is 30 °. According to this preferred example, the incident light can be effectively condensed in the main observation direction from the second incident angle region secured over a certain range.
From the same viewpoint, it is more preferable that Δθ ≧ 50 °.

[0017]

Further, in the reflection type liquid crystal display device, scattering film layer, it is preferable that the second incidence angle range includes two or more front scattering film laminated so as not to be identical. According to this preferred example, incident light from an angle direction other than the main observation direction can be more effectively condensed in the main observation direction.

When two or more forward scattering films are laminated, it is preferable to laminate them so that the second incident angle region of the forward scattering film is in the range of 60 ° ≦ Φ ≦ 300 °, Further, it is preferable that the layers are laminated so as to be in the range of 90 ° ≦ Φ ≦ 270 °. According to this preferred example, at least 0 ° ≦ Φ <90 ° and 270
It is possible to provide a bright and good image quality in which image blur is suppressed for an observer from an area of ° <Φ <360 °.

[0020] However, [Phi is projection component to the scattering film layer of the incident light direction of the film layer plane refers to angle formed with the film layer surface in the reference direction (0 ° ≦ Φ <360 ° ).

[0021] In here, the forward scattering film, but having a forward scattering characteristics refers to almost no scattering film backward scattering characteristics. The forward scattering film preferably has a total light transmittance of 90% or more.

[0022]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment. In FIG. 1, 10 is the first
, A forward scattering film layer comprising a forward scattering film 10a and a second forward scattering film 10b, 11 a polarizing film (polarizer), 12 a birefringent film layer, 13 a liquid crystal cell, 14 an upper transparent substrate, and 15 a color Filter, 1
6 is a transparent electrode, 17 is a liquid crystal layer, 18 is a specular reflection plate (metal reflection electrode), and 19 is a lower substrate.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram that defines the angle of light incident on the forward scattering film. 20 is a forward scattering film, 2
1 is the direction of light incident on the forward scattering film, 22 is the normal direction of the forward scattering film, and 23 is a reference line in the film plane. As shown, the angle θ is the angle between the incident light direction 21 and the normal direction 22 of the film, and the angle φ is the reference line 23 in the film plane and the projection component 24 of the incident light direction 21 onto the film plane. The angle to do.

An incident angle region (scattering range) of a forward scattering film that strongly scatters only incident light from a specific incident angle region.
Is represented by angles θ and φ. The size of the scattering range is indicated by Δθ and Δφ. When a plurality of scattering films are laminated and used, it is preferable to laminate them so that the respective scattering ranges are not the same.
In the stacking example shown in FIG. 3, θ and Δφ are the same and Δφ ≦
A plurality of scattering films of 90 ° are laminated such that the in-plane reference line 23 is shifted, and 90 ° ≦ Φ ≦ 270 °
(ΔΦ = 180 °) Scattering range 27 in the direction indicated by
This is an example in which is set. The scattering range was 90 ° shown in FIG.
It is preferable to set within the range 27 of ≦ Φ ≦ 270 °.

A glass substrate is used as the upper transparent substrate 14 and the lower substrate 19. On the upper transparent substrate 14, a color filter 15 having a red, green, and blue stripe arrangement of a pigment dispersion type is formed by photolithography. A pixel electrode was formed thereon as a transparent electrode 16 using indium tin oxide (ITO). Further, on the lower substrate 19, a specular reflector 1 is formed by depositing silver.
As No. 8, a metal reflective electrode was formed. On the transparent electrode 16 and the metal reflection electrode 18, N-methyl-2-polyimide is used.
After printing a 5% by weight solution of pyrrolidinone and curing it at 200 ° C., a pair of alignment films (not shown) were formed by performing an alignment treatment by a rubbing method using rayon cloth so that the rubbings were antiparallel to each other. .

A thermosetting sealing resin containing 1.0% by weight of a glass fiber having a diameter of 5.7 μm is printed on a peripheral portion of the upper transparent substrate 14, and a resin having a diameter of 4.5 μm is printed on the lower substrate 19. The beads were sprayed at a rate of 200 beads / mm ² , the upper transparent substrate 14 and the lower substrate 19 were bonded to each other, and the sealing resin was cured at 150 ° C. Thereafter, an ester-based nematic liquid crystal having a birefringence difference Δn = 0.14 was injected in vacuum, sealed with an ultraviolet curable resin, and then cured with ultraviolet light.

On the upper transparent substrate 14 of the liquid crystal cell 13 thus formed, as a forward scattering film 10a, a forward scattering film (trade name "Lumisti") manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., where 10 ° ≦ θ ≦ 60 ° (Δθ = 50
°) 60% haze ratio for incident light 21 from the range
As described above, a film having a haze ratio of 10% or less for incident light from other regions including the normal direction of the film is converted into a film having a main scattering direction of Φ = 60% in a range where the haze ratio is 60%.
Lamination was performed so as to be 90 °. Here, the main scattering direction refers to the center direction of a region where the haze ratio is 60% or more.

Further, on this film 10a, as a forward scattering film layer 10b, the same haze is applied to the incident light 21 from the range of 0 ° ≦ θ ≦ 50 ° (Δθ = 50 °), which is also “Lumisty”. Film having a haze ratio of 10% or less for incident light from other regions so that the main scattering direction in the range where the haze ratio is 60% or more is Φ = 180 °. Stuck together.

The total light transmittance of "Lumisty" used was 95%.

A birefringent film layer 12 having a retardation value of 490 nm is adhered thereon so that the slow axis is perpendicular to the rubbing direction of the upper transparent substrate 14, and a neutral gray polarized light is formed thereon as a polarizing film 11. Film (SQ185 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.)
2AP) and the rubbing direction of the upper substrate 14
They were stuck together at an angle of degree.

With the above configuration, a normally black mode reflective color liquid crystal display element which can display black when no voltage is applied is obtained. According to such a reflective liquid crystal display element, at least one forward scattering film not including the normal direction of the scattering film layer 10 in the scattering range is provided, and the light emitted in the normal direction that is the main observation direction of the observer is provided. , The image blur is weakened, and high reflectance of white display can be obtained by utilizing strong diffusion of incident light from directions other than the same direction. In addition, since the scattering film used has almost no backscattering property, a low black display reflectance can be realized,
A reflective liquid crystal display device having high contrast can be obtained.

By adopting such a reflection type liquid crystal display element, specifically, the contrast is improved in the front characteristic.
7. Good display characteristics of a reflectance of 12.8% in Y value conversion of white display were obtained.

It was also confirmed that image blur was particularly weakened in the region of 0 ° ≦ θ ≦ 5 °.

For the sake of comparison, the forward scattering film layer 10a was also used as 0 ° ≦ θ ≦
A reflection type liquid crystal display device using only a forward scattering film having a haze ratio of not less than a predetermined value with respect to incident light from the normal direction of the film, that is, a configuration using 50 ° “Lumisty” is also similar to the above. Although produced, a clear image as in the above embodiment was not obtained.

As the forward scattering film layer 10a,
The scattering range in which the haze ratio is 60% or more with respect to the incident light is 5 ° ≦ θ ≦ 55 °, 8 ° ≦ θ ≦ 58 °, respectively.
Using a film of 15 ° ≦ θ ≦ 65 °, 20 ° ≦ θ ≦ 70 °, a reflective liquid crystal display device was prepared and observed.
It was confirmed that as the scattering range was further away from the normal direction, the image blur was further reduced in the normal direction of the reflective liquid crystal display element, which is the main observation direction, and a clearer image was obtained.

(Second Embodiment) The structure and manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device of a second embodiment are as follows.
It is basically the same as the first embodiment, and has a cross-sectional structure similar to the structure shown in FIG.

However, in the present embodiment, the forward scattering film layer 10 is a forward scattering film (trade name “Lumisty”) manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., and 10 ° ≦ θ.
The haze ratio for incident light 21 from the range of ≦ 60 ° (Δθ = 50 °) is 60% or more, and the haze ratio for incident light from other regions including the film normal direction is 1%.
The two films having 0% or less have a main scattering direction of Φ = 90 ° and a Φ of 90% in a range where the haze ratio is 60% or more, respectively.
= 180 °.

Further, in the same manner as in the first embodiment,
The birefringent film layer 12 and the polarizing film 11 were sequentially bonded.

With the above configuration, a normally black mode reflective color liquid crystal display element which can display black when no voltage is applied is obtained. According to such a reflective liquid crystal display device, a forward scattering film that does not include the normal direction of the scattering film layer 10 in the scattering range is provided in a stacked manner, and the emitted light in the normal direction that is the main observation direction of the observer is provided. , The image blur is weakened, and high reflectance of white display can be obtained by utilizing strong diffusion of incident light from directions other than the same direction. In addition, since the scattering film used has almost no backscattering characteristics, a low black display reflectance can be realized, and a reflective liquid crystal display device having high contrast can be obtained.

By adopting such a reflection type liquid crystal display element, specifically, the contrast is improved in the front characteristic.
1. Good display characteristics of a reflectance of 13.1% in terms of Y value in white display were obtained.

In particular, it was confirmed that image blur was weakened in the region of 0 ° ≦ θ ≦ 5 °.

As the forward scattering film 10a, the scattering range in which the haze ratio is 60% or more with respect to the incident light is as follows.
5 ° ≦ θ ≦ 55 °, 8 ° ≦ θ ≦ 58 °, 15
When a reflection type liquid crystal display element was prepared and observed using a film of ° ≦ θ ≦ 65 ° and 20 ° ≦ θ ≦ 70 °, the more the scattering angle region was away from the normal direction, the more the main observation direction It was confirmed that image blurring became weaker in the normal direction of the reflective liquid crystal display element, and that a clearer image could be obtained.

(Third Embodiment) The structure and manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment are as follows.
It is basically the same as the first embodiment, and has a cross-sectional structure similar to the structure shown in FIG.

However, in the present embodiment, the forward scattering film layer 10 is a forward scattering film (trade name “Lumisty”) manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., where 10 ° ≦ θ.
The haze ratio for incident light 21 from the range of ≦ 60 ° (Δθ = 50 °) is 60% or more, and the haze ratio for incident light from other regions including the film normal direction is 1%.
Two films having 0% or less have a main scattering azimuth in a range where the haze ratio is 60% or more, Φ = 150 °,
Lamination was performed so that Φ = 210 °.

Further, in the same manner as in the first embodiment,
The birefringent film layer 12 and the polarizing film element 11 were bonded in order.

The range where the haze ratio is 60% or more by the two forward scattering films is within the range of 10 ° ≦ θ ≦ 60 ° and 90 ° ≦ Φ ≦ 270 ° as shown in FIG. 28. Further, the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is designed so that Φ = 0 ° is suitable as the main observation direction from the observer 29.

By adopting such a reflection type liquid crystal display device, specifically, the contrast is improved in the front characteristic.
5. Not only was the reflectance of 14.8% in terms of Y value converted for white display obtained, but also a very clear image was obtained without image blurring over a wide range.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the incident light 41 from the scattering range 28 is scattered when passing through the forward scattering film layer 10 to become scattered light 42, and is reflected by the mirror reflector 18 to be reflected light. 43. Unlike the incident light 41, the reflected light 43 traveling in the viewer direction is hardly scattered even when transmitting through the forward scattering film layer 10. As described above, the forward scattering film layer 10 condenses the ambient light in the direction of the observer for effective use, and transmits the reflected light traveling in the direction of the observer with almost no scattering, thereby suppressing image blur. I do. In the present embodiment, while scattering the incident light 41 particularly in the range of 10 ° ≦ θ ≦ 60 ° (Δθ = 50 °), the direction including the main observation direction (0 ° ≦ Φ <90 °, 270 ° < Φ <360 °; 0 ° ≦
(θ <10 °), so that the reflected light travels without being scattered, and a clear image can be obtained in a wide range.

In each of the above embodiments, the liquid crystal cell is not limited to this mode, and is substantially independent of the driving type, such as a reflective liquid crystal display element employing active driving by a thin film transistor (TFT). A similar effect can be obtained. Further, in the above-described embodiment, a metal reflective electrode containing silver as a constituent element is used as the specular reflector 18, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a metal reflective electrode containing aluminum as a constituent element may be used. The effect can be obtained. In the above embodiment, the forward scattering film used has a haze ratio of 60% or more in a predetermined scattering range. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the haze ratio is 50% or more in a predetermined scattering range. May be used, the predetermined scattering range where the haze ratio is high,
Various scattering films can be used without being limited to the film of Δθ = 50 °.

Further, in each of the above embodiments, two forward scattering films are used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a similar effect can be obtained with a configuration of one or three or more sheets. Even in the case of a configuration of three or more, even if it is indicated by Φ determined based on a predetermined direction, for example, 90 °
It is preferable to laminate the films in consideration of the main observation direction and the like so that the haze ratio becomes high in the range of ≦ Φ ≦ 270 °.

[0051] In the present embodiment has formed the scattering film layer 10 between the transparent substrate 14 and the birefringent film 12 is not limited to this, scattered between the birefringent film 12 and the polarizing film 11 Even when the film layer 10 is formed, the same effect as that of the present embodiment can be obtained.

[0052]

As described above, according to the present invention ,
In the main viewing direction (the direction normal to the film), a clear image is provided without image blurring. In addition, incident light from angles other than the main viewing direction is diffused and collected in the main viewing direction to reduce the reflectance. An advantageous effect that a high and excellent white display is provided and a high contrast can be realized can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of an example of a reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a scattering film for explaining the definition of the angle of light incident on the scattering film which is a component of the reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a scattering film for explaining an example of a scattering range of the scattering film.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a scattering film for explaining an example of a scattering direction of the scattering film.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device for explaining the scattering characteristics of incident light and reflected light of the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a conventional reflective liquid crystal display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 10 forward scattering film layer 10a first forward scattering film 10b second forward scattering film 11 polarizing film 12 birefringent film layer 13 liquid crystal cell 14 upper transparent substrate 15 color filter 16 transparent electrode 17 liquid crystal layer 18 specular reflector 19 lower side Substrate 21 Incident light 22 Film normal 23 Film plane reference line 27 Scattering range (incident light scattering area) 29 Observer 41 Incident light 42 Scattered light 43 Reflected light

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Ogawa Tetsudo 1006 Kadoma, Kazuma, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-10-96917 (JP, A) JP-A-9- 113893 (JP, A) JP-A-8-87006 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02F 1/1335 G09F 9/00-9/46

Claims (9)

(57) [Claims] 1. A liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal is sealed between a pair of substrates, a polarizing film disposed on one substrate side of the liquid crystal cell, and a birefringence disposed between the polarizing film and the liquid crystal cell. A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising: a film; a scattering film layer disposed between the one substrate and the polarizing film; and light reflecting means disposed on the other substrate side of the liquid crystal cell. A scattering film layer, the forward scattering film that more strongly scatters transmitted light from a second incident angle region that does not include the film normal direction than transmitted light from a first incident angle region that includes the film normal direction; Wherein the second angle of incidence region includes an input to the forward scattering film.
The projected component on the film surface in the light emission direction is based on the film plane.
Indicated by the angle φ (0 ° ≦ θ <360 °) that forms the quasi-azimuth
90 ° ≦ φ ≦ 270 °, and weakens the diffusivity of the emitted light in the normal direction and the main observation direction (φ = 0) , which are the main observation directions of the reflective liquid crystal display element. thereby weakening the image blur Te, the main observation direction Contact
In order to obtain a white display having a high reflectivity by diffusing incident light from directions other than and directions , the scattering film layer is an incident angle region where transmitted light is more strongly scattered than incident from the main observation direction and direction. A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising: 2. The scattering characteristic of transmitted light from a first incident angle region of the forward scattering film and the scattering characteristic of transmitted light from a second incident angle region are different from each other by 45% or more in terms of a haze ratio. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 1. 3. The reflection type liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a scattering characteristic of transmitted light from the first incident angle region of the forward scattering film is not more than 20% in terms of a haze ratio. 4. The reflective liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein a scattering characteristic of transmitted light from the second incident angle region of the forward scattering film is 50% or more as represented by a haze ratio. element. 5. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the second incident angle region of the forward scattering film is in a range of 5 ° ≦ θ ≦ 90 °. Here, θ is the angle (0 ° ≦ θ ≦ 90 °) between the direction of the light incident on the scattering film and the film normal. 6. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein the second incident angle region of the forward scattering film satisfies Δθ ≧ 30 ° represented by θ. Here, Δθ is the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of θ indicating the second incident angle region. 7. The scattering film layer, wherein the second incident angle region is
Two or more forward scattering filters stacked so as not to be the same
The reflective liquid according to claim 1, which comprises a film.
Crystal display element. 8. The scattering film layer, wherein the second incident angle region is
Laminated to be in the range of 60 ° ≦ Φ ≦ 300 °
The anti-reflection film according to claim 7, comprising two or more forward scattering films.
Liquid crystal display device. Here, Φ is the same as φ described above.
You. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the scattering film layer has a second incident angle region.
Laminated so as to be in the range of 90 ° ≦ Φ ≦ 270 °
The anti-reflection film according to claim 8, comprising two or more forward scattering films.
Liquid crystal display device. Here, Φ is the same as described above.