JP3228816U - A mask cover, a sanitary mask using this mask cover, a mask cover with a protective cover, and a sanitary mask using this mask cover. - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent sighs and droplets flying from the front, harmful microorganisms such as viruses, and allergic substances such as pollen from penetrating and being taken into the body through the user's mouth and nose as much as possible, and further durable. Provided are a mask cover that is property, can be easily cleaned many times, and can be used repeatedly, and a sanitary mask using this mask cover. A mask cover 2 is a metal plate 3 that is curved so as to cover a face region including a person's nose and mouth when viewed from a plane, and recesses 3b on both sides of a portion where the nose touches. It was composed of a cover portion 3 provided with the above and a pair of ear hook strings 8 attached to both ends of the cover portion 3. In the sanitary mask 1, a breathable cushion material 4 is detachably provided on the back side of the metal plate 3, and a filter member is further provided on the back side of the cushion material 4. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention relates to a mask cover of a metal plate, a sanitary mask using the mask cover, a mask cover with a protective cover as a face guard plate, and a sanitary mask using the mask cover.

Sanitary masks are worn over the facial area, including the nose and mouth, for the practical purpose of eliminating respiratory inhalation of harmful particles such as viruses, pathogens, mold spores, pollen, dust and dirt. Many sanitary masks are made of non-woven fabric or woven fabric and are used as a whole in about 1 to 2 days.

However, there have been proposed sanitary masks in which a filter member is replaceably attached to the inside of a cover member that is overlapped with the face region (Patent Documents 1 and 2). Patent Document 1 discloses a sanitary mask in which a filter member is attached to the inside of a hard resin cover member having a frame-shaped opening. Patent Document 2 discloses a sanitary mask in which a filter member is attached to the inside of a metal cover member having a mesh-like opening.

Special Table 2010-540024 JP-A-63-71270

In the conventional disposable sanitary masks or the sanitary masks of Patent Documents 1 and 2, an air flow that reciprocates through the sanitary mask in the thickness direction is formed as the user breathes. For this reason, harmful fine particles such as viruses are concentrated and adhered to the front surface of the sanitary mask that has been used for a long time. Hazardous particles concentrated on the surface may be taken into the user's body via the fingers as the sanitary mask is attached and detached. Therefore, there is a demand for a hygiene mask in which harmful fine particles are less likely to concentrate on the front surface as the user breathes.

The conventional disposable sanitary mask or the sanitary mask of Patent Documents 1 and 2 has a tissue structure having many irregularities on the surface. For this reason, harmful fine particles such as viruses are accumulated deep in the tissue structure as the user breathes, and it is difficult to remove the harmful fine particles from the sanitary mask by simple wiping from the surface, cleaning, air blowing, or the like. Therefore, there is a demand for a sanitary mask having a smooth surface structure and easy removal of harmful fine particles by wiping, cleaning, air blowing, or the like from the outside.

The purpose of the present invention is to allow human sighs and droplets flying from the front of the user, harmful microorganisms such as viruses, and allergens such as pollen to penetrate the mask and be taken into the body through the user's mouth and nose. It is intended to provide a mask cover that can be prevented as much as possible, is durable, can be easily cleaned many times, and can be used repeatedly, and a sanitary mask using this mask cover.
The next object of the present invention is to provide a mask cover with a protective cover as a face guard plate and a sanitary mask to which the mask cover is attached by using the mask cover.

In order to solve such a problem, the mask cover according to claim 1 is a metal plate, which is curved so as to cover a facial area including a person's nose and mouth when viewed from a plane. It is characterized in that it is composed of a cover portion provided with recesses on both sides of a portion where the nose touches, and a pair of ear hook strings attached to both ends of the cover portion.

The mask cover according to claim 2 is characterized in that the metal plate is made of a lightweight metal plate such as aluminum or duralumin.

The mask cover according to claim 3 is characterized in that a plurality of parallel grooves are provided in a substantially central portion of the metal plate.

The mask cover according to claim 4 is characterized in that a circular or oval opening is provided in the central portion of the metal plate.

The mask cover according to claim 5 is characterized in that the metal plate is made of aluminum and is anodized.

The mask cover according to claim 6 is characterized in that the metal plate is further curved outward when viewed from the side surface.

The sanitary mask according to claim 7 has the mask cover according to claim 1, and a breathable cushion material is detachably provided on the back side of the metal plate, and a filter member is further provided on the back side of the cushion material. Is provided.

The mask cover according to claim 8 is characterized in that the metal plate is detachably provided with a transparent protective cover that covers the face other than the metal plate.

The hygiene mask according to claim 9 is characterized in that the metal plate is detachably provided with a transparent protective cover that covers a face other than the metal plate.

The mask cover according to claim 10 is characterized in that the protective cover is curved according to the shape of the metal plate when viewed from a plane.

The hygiene mask according to claim 11 is characterized in that the protective cover is curved according to the shape of the metal plate when viewed from a plane.

According to the mask cover of claim 1, human sighs and droplets flying from the front of the user, harmful microorganisms such as viruses, and allergens such as pollen penetrate the mask and enter the body through the user's mouth and nose. It is possible to provide a mask cover that can be prevented from being incorporated into the virus as much as possible, is durable, can be easily cleaned many times, and can be used repeatedly.

According to the mask cover of claim 2, since the metal plate is lightweight, it does not become difficult to wear it for a long time.

According to the mask covers of claims 3 and 4, the user can utter clear words through the opening without being obstructed by the metal plate, and can perform voice conversation, command instruction, and communication.

According to the mask cover of claim 5, the rigidity of the metal plate is increased by alumite processing, and a lightweight and high-class sanitary mask incorporating a color peculiar to the alumite-processed surface into the design is reduced in cost. Can be manufactured.

According to the protective cover of claim 6, it is possible to provide a protective cover that more closely matches the shape of the left, right, top and bottom of the face.

According to the hygiene mask of claim 7, human sighs and droplets flying from the front of the user, harmful microorganisms such as viruses, and allergic substances such as pollen penetrate and are taken into the body through the user's mouth and nose. It is possible to provide a hygiene mask that can prevent hay fever as much as possible, is durable, can be easily cleaned many times, and can be used repeatedly.

According to the mask cover of claim 8, a mask cover with a protective cover as a face guard plate that protects the face other than being covered with a metal plate from sighs, droplets, harmful microorganisms, allergens, etc. coming from the front. Can be provided.

According to the hygiene mask of claim 9, a hygiene mask with a protective cover as a face guard plate that protects the face other than being covered with a metal plate from sighs and droplets flying from the front, harmful microorganisms, allergens, etc. is provided. can do.

According to the mask cover of claim 10, the protective cover is less likely to cause unnecessary contact around the user's face. In addition, it is difficult for sighs and droplets, harmful microorganisms, allergens, etc. that come from the front to pass through the gap between the metal plate and the protective cover.

According to the hygiene mask of claim 11, the protective cover is less likely to cause unnecessary contact around the user's face. In addition, it is difficult for breath, droplets, harmful microorganisms, allergens, etc. that come from the front to pass through the gap between the metal plate and the protective cover.

It is a front view explaining the state which the user wears the sanitary mask of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a perspective view explaining the appearance of the sanitary mask of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the structure of the mask cover of the sanitary mask of Embodiment 1 of this invention. (A) is a front view, (b) is a plan view, and (c) is an XX sectional view of (a). It is explanatory drawing of the structure of the cushion material and the filter member of the sanitary mask of Embodiment 1 of this invention. (A) is a front view of the cushion material, (b) is a rear view of the filter member, and (c) is a plan view of the cushion material and the filter member in an overlapping state. It is explanatory drawing of the user's breathing path along the cover part of the mask cover in the sanitary mask of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the opening formed in the cover part of the mask cover of the sanitary mask shown in FIG. (A) is a plurality of parallel groove-shaped openings, (b) is an oval opening, and (c) is an opening of micropores arranged in a matrix. It is a front view explaining the state which the user wears the sanitary mask which attached the protective cover which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the mask cover in the sanitary mask which attached the protective cover which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. (A) is a front view, (b) is a plan view, and (c) is an XX sectional view of (a). It is explanatory drawing of the protective cover in the sanitary mask which attached the protective cover which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. (A) is a front view, (b) is a YY sectional view of (a), and (c) is a bottom view. It is explanatory drawing of the modification of the cover part of the mask cover of a sanitary mask. (A) is a cross-sectional view of the cover portion of the mask cover corresponding to XX of FIG. 3 (a), and (b) is an explanatory view of the cushioning property of the cushion material.

The embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, in the sanitary mask 1 of the first embodiment, the cushion material 4 is laminated on the back surface side of the cover portion 3 having an oval contour having a smooth surface. As shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, the sanitary mask 1D of the second embodiment has a protective cover 6 that can be attached and detached with one touch. In addition, in FIGS. 3 and 6, a part of the ear strap 8 is not shown in the mask cover 2, and only the cover portion 3 is shown.

<Embodiment 1>
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hygiene mask 1 is worn on the face area d of the user U by the user U hanging the left and right ear straps 8 on the left and right ears m and m, respectively. The sanitary mask 1 has a mask cover 2. The mask cover 2 is a metal plate that is curved so as to cover the face region d including the human nose b and mouth c when viewed from a plane, and has recesses 3b on both sides of the portion where the nose b touches. It is composed of a cover portion 3 provided and a pair of ear hook strings 8 attached to both ends of the cover portion 3.

As shown in FIG. 3, the cover portion 3 is a metal plate made of aluminum having a thickness of 1 mm, which is easy to mold and process. In the cover portion 3, following the cutting out of the oval contour, the recesses 3b and 3b are press-molded. After molding, the entire surface of the cover portion 3 is anodized to increase the bending rigidity, and the entire surface is covered with a golden alumite-processed surface. By alumite processing the cover portion 3, the sanitary mask 1 is lightweight, highly rigid, and has a high-class feel while incorporating colors peculiar to the alumite-processed surface into the exterior design.

The material of the cover portion 3 is not limited to aluminum. It may be duralumin, a copper plate, a precious metal plate, or a stainless steel plate. The surface treatment of the cover portion 3 is not limited to alumite treatment. It may be gold-plated, painted, etched or the like.

The cover portion 3 is provided with an ear strap attachment portion 3e so as to project outward from the contour to the left and right. An opening 5a is formed in the ear strap attachment portion 3e, and a rubber material ear strap 8 is connected to the opening 5a. Since the ear straps 8 and 8 expand and contract in the sanitary mask 1, the sanitary mask can be quickly attached and detached.

The cover portion 3 is formed with a pair of triangular recesses 3b and 3b on the upper side of the oval contour. The recesses 3b and 3b are molded so as to narrow downward from the contour of the cover portion 3, respectively. The recesses 3b and 3b project toward the cheek e so as to fill the step between the left and right cheek e adjacent to the nose b, and the gap between the cover portion 3 along the nose b and the cheek e and the face f is averaged. .. Since the upper side of the cover portion 3 is reinforced by triangular recesses 3b and 3b including inclined surfaces 3f and 3f at a shallow angle, the mask cover 2 is unlikely to be plastically deformed when the sanitary mask 1 is attached or detached or is attached.

As shown in FIG. 5, a cushion material 4 made of a breathable sponge member is detachably provided on the back side of the metal plate of the cover portion 3. As shown in FIG. 4A, the cushion material 4 is formed of a flexible urethane rubber foam material, and exhibits cushioning property and sealing property when mounted. In the cushion material 4, cut surfaces of the foamed structure are arranged on the front surface, the back surface, and the side surface to ensure air permeability in the thickness direction and the surface direction.

As shown in FIG. 4C, a filter member 5 is provided on the back side of the cushion material 4 so as to cover the inner surface of the cushion material 4. As shown in FIG. 4B, the filter member 5 is made of a material having higher performance of filtering or adsorbing harmful fine particles than the cushion material 4, for example, fine-grained gauze. The recesses 3b and 3b of the cover portion 3 sandwich the nose b from the left and right via the cushion material 4 and the filter member 5.

As shown in FIG. 4B, in the cover portion 3, a total of four cushion material sandwiching portions 3d are molded by bending the protrusions formed in the oval contour indicated by the alternate long and short dash line inward in a U shape. There is. The cushion material sandwiching portion 3d sandwiches the cushion material 4 and the filter member 5 inside in a compressed state. In the cushion material 4 and the filter member 5, the uncompressed portion around the cushion material sandwiching portion 3d rises, and the cushion material sandwiching portion 3d is held at a position raised from the face f of the user U.

As shown in FIG. 5, the cushion material 4 forms a breathing path of the user U along the mask cover 2. In the sanitary mask 1, the outside air is sucked into the side surface 4b of the cushion material 4 through the gap between the mask cover 2 and the face f as the user U breathes. The air sucked into the cushion material 4 moves the thickness of the main body 4a of the cushion material 4 along the mask cover 2 and is sucked into the breathing space h. Since the user sucks the breathing air by diverting it along the path along the cushion material 4, which is longer than the thickness of the cushion material 4, the user avoids the direct suction of harmful fine particles flying from the front side of the mask cover 2. it can.

The mask cover 2 abuts on the apex of the nose b and the lower jaw g via the cushion material 4 and the filter member 5 to cover the nose b and the mouth c, and forms a breathing space h under the nose b. The user U sucks the air that has passed through the filter member 5 and has flowed into the respiratory space h. Since the air sucked by the user is supplied from a wide area of the cushion material 4 through the breathing space h, breathing through the cushion material 4 whose outside is covered by the mask cover 2 becomes easy. In addition, local dew condensation and dirt on the sanitary mask 1 due to the humidity of the discharged air can be suppressed.

By the way, in order to avoid concentration of harmful fine particles on the front side of the mask cover and remove harmful fine particles by wiping, washing, air blowing, etc., as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the mask cover 2 has It is desirable not to provide an opening. However, in the case of the mask cover 2 having no opening at all, it becomes difficult for the other party to hear conversations and command instructions. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C, the mask covers 2A, 2B, and 2C may be provided with openings having various shapes.

As shown in FIG. 6A, in the mask cover 2A, a plurality of parallel groove portions 3c are provided in the substantially central portion of the metal plate of the cover portion 3A. The hygiene mask 1 can clearly perform conversations and command instructions using voice through the groove 3c without being obstructed by the mask cover 2A. Since the groove 3c is provided so as to facilitate conversation and command instruction by voice without being obstructed by the mask cover 2A, a wrap film or the like may be attached to the groove 3c. However, it does not prohibit a small amount of air from entering and exiting the groove 3c with breathing. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 6B, in the mask cover 2B, a circular or oval opening 3g is provided in the central portion of the metal plate of the cover portion 3B. Further, as shown in FIG. 6C, in the mask cover 2C, a large number of openings 3h are arranged in a matrix on the metal plate of the cover portion 3C.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the sanitary mask 1, since the cover portion 3 shields harmful fine particles from the front side of the mask cover 2 toward the face region d, the front surface of the mask cover 2 allows the harmful fine particles to pass through. It is difficult, and the tissue structure of the surface on the front side of the mask cover 2 is smooth. Therefore, it is difficult for harmful fine particles to concentrate on the surface of the mask cover 2 as the user breathes, and it is effective to wipe off the harmful fine particles with tissue, gauze, etc., and the cover portion 3 and the cushion material are cleaned and dried. 4. It is also easy to reuse the filter member 5.

Further, since the cushioning material 4 is interposed between the cover portion 3 and the face f when the sanitary mask 1 is attached, the sanitary mask 1 is comfortable to wear. Since the gap between the cover portion 3 and the face f is filled with the cushion material 4, the airflow flowing outside the cushion material 4 is suppressed, the cushion material 4 is bypassed, and harmful fine particles sucked by the user can be reduced.

Further, the hygiene mask 1 is a part of clothes and accessories that constitute the appearance of the user U in commuting to school, shopping, an office at work, a store during customer service, and the like. For this reason, there is a certain demand for hygienic masks with high fashionability and eccentricity that differentiate the appearance and texture. With respect to such demand, the sanitary mask 1 has a design in which a metal plate of aluminum alumite-processed in gold stands out on the front surface. The groove portions 3c and openings 3g and 3h of the mask covers 2A, 2B and 2C are accents on the appearance. Therefore, according to the sanitary mask 1, the mask cover 2 is used to greatly differentiate the appearance and texture from that of a normal sanitary mask, and a hygiene mask that boldly uses a metal material is highly fashionable and eccentric. Can be provided.

Further, since the sanitary mask 1 increases the contact area and contact time between the air and the material of the cushion material 4, even if the cushion material 4 has a low filtration performance in the thickness direction, harmful fine particles can be adsorbed and filtered. It can be detoxified and removed efficiently. According to the sanitary mask 1, a sanitary mask having high performance for removing harmful fine particles can be realized by using a sponge material having a relatively small air resistance. Then, it is possible to eliminate the suffocation when wearing a sanitary mask having a high removal performance of harmful fine particles.

<Embodiment 2>
Harmful particles such as viruses flying from the front of the user may enter the user's body through the mucous membrane of the eye. Therefore, in the sanitary mask 1D of the second embodiment, the protective cover 6 that shields the eyes of the user U can be attached to the mask cover 2D as needed. In the second embodiment, the structures and materials other than the protective cover 6 and the detachable portion 7 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Therefore, in FIGS. 7 to 9, the configuration common to the first embodiment is shown in FIG. ~ The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 6 are added, and the duplicate description will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 7, in the sanitary mask 1D of the second embodiment, the transparent protective cover 6 that covers the face, particularly the eyes, other than that covered by the cover portion 3D can be attached to and detached from the metal plate of the cover portion 3D with one touch. It is provided in. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the protective cover 6 is curved according to the curved shape of the metal plate of the cover portion 3D of the mask cover 2D when viewed from a plane.

The attachment / detachment portion 7 has a main body side engaging portion 7a fixed to the mask cover 2D and a member side engaging portion 7e fixed to the protective cover 6, and the protective cover 6 is moved up and down with respect to the mask cover 2D. The member-side engaging portion 7e can be engaged / disengaged with the main body-side engaging portion 7a. As shown in FIG. 8, the main body side engaging portion 7a is fixed to the front side of the mask cover 2D. The main body side engaging portion 7a is formed by bending a stainless steel plate into a crank shape to form a holding portion 7b and a fixing portion 7c, and the fixing portion 7c is fixed to the mask cover 2D by a resin rivet 7d. Specifically, the opening formed in the mask cover 2D and the opening formed in the fixing portion 7c are overlapped, resin rivets 7d and 7d are inserted into the openings, and the insertion ends of the resin rivets 7d and 7d are crimped. Then, the main body side engaging portion 7a is fixed to the mask cover 2D.

As shown in FIG. 9, the protective cover 6 is a transparent resin plate made of vinyl chloride, acrylic, PET resin, etc., cut to a size substantially equal to the size of a human face, and the horizontal cross section of the human face is curved. It is molded into a cylindrical surface that matches. A member-side engaging portion 7e is fixed to the back surface side of the protective cover 6. The member-side engaging portion 7e is formed by bending a stainless steel plate into a crank shape to form a holding portion 7f and a fixing portion 7g, and the fixing portion 7g is fixed to the protective cover 6 by a resin rivet 7h. Specifically, the opening formed in the protective cover 6 and the opening formed in the fixing portion 7g are overlapped with each other, the resin rivets 7h and 7h are inserted into the openings, and the insertion ends of the resin rivets 7h and 7h are crimped. , The member-side engaging portion 7e is fixed to the protective cover 6.

As shown in FIGS. 8 (c) and 9 (b), the holding portion 7b of the main body side engaging portion 7a is inserted at a distance between the protective cover 6 and the holding portion 7f of the member side engaging portion 7e to reach the abutting position. Is held at. At this time, the holding portion 7f of the member-side engaging portion 7e is inserted into the gap between the holding portion 7b of the main body-side engaging portion 7a and the mask cover 2D and held at the abutting position.

According to the sanitary mask 1D, it is possible to deal with both the case where the user needs to protect the eyes and the case where the user does not need to protect them in a short time. In the case of protection, the protective cover 6 can be attached to the mask cover 2D with one touch to shield the eyes from harmful fine particles coming from the front.

The fixing of the protective cover 6 and the member-side engaging portion 7e is not limited to the resin rivet, and may be replaced with adhesion, screwing, pin press-fitting, welding, or the like. Similarly, the fixing of the mask cover 2D and the main body side engaging portion 7a is not limited to the resin rivet, and may be replaced with adhesion, screwing, pin press fitting, spot welding or the like. Further, the member that can be detachably attached to the mask cover 2D is not limited to the protective cover 6. The mask cover 2D of the sanitary mask 1D can be widely used as a base, platform, or station for holding and positioning various devices and equipment near the face.

As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the mask cover 2E has a shape formed by forming an arc cross section not only in the horizontal cross section but also in the vertical cross section to form a basic shape of a three-dimensional curved surface. The rigidity is further increased. At this time, the angle between the edge of the mask cover 2E and the user's face f becomes large, and the edge may bite into the face f. Therefore, the size of the cushion material 4 may be made larger than that of the mask cover 2E so that the cushion material 4 protrudes to the outside of the mask cover 2E when viewed from the front. The edge of the mask cover 2E can be covered with the cushion material 4 to improve the wearing comfort of the sanitary mask 1E.

The sanitary mask of the present invention can be implemented with various sanitary masks that eliminate respiratory inhalation of harmful fine particles such as viruses, pathogens, mold spores, allergens, dust and dirt. The hygiene mask of the present invention can be implemented in various embodiments worn on the facial region using an ear strap or the like. The ear straps 8 and 8 may be replaced with ear straps, rubber bands attached by turning around the back of the head, straps, leasing, and harnesses.

In the sanitary mask of the present invention, instead of providing a filter member, a mask cover to which only a cushion material is attached is used by being layered on a cloth or non-woven sanitary mask having a normal independent ear strap. You may. The cushion material may be improved to enhance the recovery efficiency and retention efficiency of harmful fine particles in the sponge structure. Activated carbon may be mixed to adsorb harmful fine particles, or a pressure-sensitive adhesive may be coated so that harmful fine particles can be captured.

U User b Nose c Mouth d Facial area e Cheek f Facial g Lower jaw 1, 1D Sanitary mask 2, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D Mask cover 3, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D cover (metal plate)
3b Recess 3c Groove 3g, 3h Opening 3d Cushion material sandwiching part 3e Ear strap attachment part 4 Cushion material (sponge member)
4a Main body 4b Side 5 Filter member 6 Protective cover 6a Transparent part 7 Detachable part 7a Main body side mounting member 7b, 7f Engaging part 7c, 7g Mounting part 7d, 7h Resin rivet 7e Member side mounting member 8 Ear strap

Claims (11)

A cover portion made of a metal plate, curved so as to cover a person's nose and mouth and other facial areas when viewed from a plane, and provided with recesses on both sides of the nose contact portion, and this cover portion. A mask cover that is characterized by being composed of a pair of ear hooks attached to both ends of the. The mask cover according to claim 1, wherein the metal plate is made of a lightweight metal such as aluminum or duralumin. The mask cover according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of parallel grooves are provided in a substantially central portion of the metal plate. The mask cover according to claim 1, wherein a circular or oval opening is provided in the central portion of the metal plate. The mask cover according to claim 1, wherein the metal plate is made of aluminum and is anodized. The mask cover according to claim 1, wherein the metal plate is further curved outward when viewed from the side surface. The mask cover according to claim 1, wherein the metal plate is detachably provided with a transparent protective cover that covers a face other than the metal plate. The mask cover according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is provided, and a breathable cushion material is detachably provided on the back side of the metal plate, and a filter member is further provided on the back side of the cushion material. A sanitary mask characterized by being provided. The mask cover according to claim 1, wherein the metal plate is detachably provided with a transparent protective cover that covers a face other than the metal plate. The sanitary mask according to claim 8, wherein the metal plate is detachably provided with a transparent protective cover that covers a face other than the metal plate. The mask cover according to claim 9, wherein the protective cover is curved according to the shape of the metal plate when viewed from a plane.

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