JP3223767U - Wood fuel pellet manufacturing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for producing wood fuel pellets capable of producing semi-carbonized wood fuel pellets having high ignitability, high calorific value, and stable quality is provided. A wood fuel pellet manufacturing apparatus includes a chipper 2 that cuts and pulverizes an input wood material into chip-like materials, and pulverizes and defibrates the chip-like materials that are cut and pulverized by the chipper 2 under dry conditions. In order to beat the cotton-like material fed through the air duct 6 through the coarse pulverizer 4 and the screen sieve to make a fine-grained cotton-like material , And a pelletizer 13 for molding pellets under a molding environment at a predetermined temperature using a fine particle size cotton-like material fed from the fine pulverizer 8 through the air duct 9 and the cyclone 10 as a raw material. And a constant temperature aging device 17 for semi-carbonizing the pellets by allowing the pellets in the warm state molded by the pelletizer 13 to stay at the predetermined temperature for a predetermined time. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing wood fuel pellets for producing semi-carbonized wood fuel pellets using coniferous bark, hardwood bark, or bamboo. It will be converted as a sustainable renewable energy fuel as a countermeasure against global environmental change. Semi-carbide fuel pellets are considered to be able to take a position as a coal alternative fuel.

  Although the conventional wood fuel pellet manufacturing method has a track record of about half a century, the manufacturing method of products that meet the indicated quality standards has not been established, and the number of domestic manufacturing sites and their production and consumption are stagnant. Yes. On the other hand, the import volume of wood fuel pellets produced overseas has reached more than ten times the domestic sales volume mainly for fuel for power plants. There is a demand for a production volume of wood fuel pellets that can meet a large amount of domestic demand.

  Wood biomass pellet semi-carbonization technology, which is considered promising as a means of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and is expected to be developed as an alternative fuel conversion means using unused woody biomass as a means of using sustainable energy, has been established. Not. According to the report on the results of the trial of the subsidy project of the national government, it is possible to mix 30% to 80% compared with 1% of the actual mixed combustion of wood chips.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a flat including a die formed with a large number of pores for pellet forming, and a rotating roller that presses into the pores of the die while rotating while pressing against the die. A die-type pelletizer is described.

  The pores formed in the die include a compression molding portion that compresses the material into a rod shape, and a taper portion that is formed on the outlet side of the compression molding portion and has a hole diameter slightly increased toward the outlet. The portion includes a straight portion that defines the diameter of the pellet to be manufactured and a large diameter portion having a hole diameter larger than the diameter of the straight portion formed at the inlet of the pore. A step is formed at the boundary, and the tapered portion has the same diameter as that of the straight portion, and the inclination angle of the tapered surface of the tapered portion is 0.1 to 1.0 °. The hole diameter at the outlet is smaller than the hole diameter at the inlet of the pore.

  In Patent Document 2, the proportion of 25 to 400% by weight of dead bamboo with a moisture content of less than 55% from which branches and leaves have been removed in two years or more is 100% by weight of raw bamboo from which branches and leaves have been removed in two years or more after birth. A crushing and crushing step for mixing both into a crushing and crushing machine to obtain a bamboo-based mixed powder, and a drying step for drying the bamboo-based mixed powder obtained in the crushing and crushing step with a dryer. There is described a method for producing bamboo pellet fuel, characterized by having a granulation step of granulating the bamboo-based mixed powder dried in the drying step with a granulator to obtain bamboo pellets.

  Patent Document 3 discloses that a biomass half is obtained by heating a biomass at 200 to 500 ° C. in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and in a sealed state, thereby obtaining a product containing 1 to 5% tar content. A method for producing a carbonized compact fuel precursor is described.

  Patent Document 4 discloses that when a defibrated material is obtained from recycled paper (used articles) or used paper as an intermediate product, used cloth, wood pieces, virgin pulp sheet or other fiber-containing materials, mainly A vertical coarse pulverizing apparatus for fiber-containing material used for physically chopping the fiber-containing material as a pretreatment for the fiber treatment and its blade structure are described.

Japanese Patent No. 6245686 JP 2012-188556 A Japanese Patent No. 3837490 Japanese Patent No. 3051981

Forest Research Institute, “Elucidation of wood pellet molding mechanism”, March 2010 Hiroshi Sano, Takako Honjo, "Principle and Effect of Biomass Semi-carbonization", Journal of High Temperature Society, Vol. 37, No. 2, p.43-p.49 Asamu Kuriyama, “Chemical changes of wood by heat treatment up to 200 ° C”, Materials Vol.16, No.169, p.772-p.776

  Conventionally, the particle size and moisture content of the pulverized molding material have varied greatly, leading to the production of defective products and products that are difficult to burn. There was a need to achieve a stable moisture content of around 12%, which is pulverization and molding conditions.

  Although one of the solutions in the previous section is performed using the die function of the molding mechanism after drying with a high-temperature drying device, the usage limit is 2% or less due to changes in the material due to temperature in a temperature environment exceeding 400 ° C. There is a need for a recrystallization aid with a starchy binder, and it is necessary to find a reliable recrystallization molding condition.

  After molding, it is necessary to cool within the storage temperature environment of the storage device / storage room with a cooling device. Since it is in a state of being easily altered due to the state of remaining hygroscopicity, it is necessary to improve storage.

  Wood biomass co-firing to coal-fired power generation was tried as an outlet for mass consumption. The 5% mixed firing target with wood chips results in an average of 1% mixed firing. Woody biomass semi-carbonized pellets have not yet been commercialized as being capable of 30% co-firing.

  For Japan, which has a lot of forest resources, wood biomass pellets, as a means of energy utilization using unused resources, especially wood biomass pellets, was an important implementation issue, but due to lack of technological progress, It was lacking in the decisive factor. There is a known amount of unused biomass in each local area. Among them, conifer bark and bamboo / sasa resources are known.

  The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and does not lose substances other than moisture and dry distillation gas, and has a high quality, high ignitability, and high calorific value. An object of the present invention is to provide a wood fuel pellet manufacturing apparatus capable of manufacturing fuel pellets.

  The present invention is a wood fuel pellet manufacturing apparatus for supplying wood material and manufacturing fuel pellets from the wood material, and cutting and pulverizing the input wood material into chips having a predetermined dimension or less. A chipper as a primary pulverizer, and a coarse pulverizer into which a chip-like material cut and pulverized by the chipper is pulverized and defibrated under dry conditions to form a cotton-like product in which a fiber bundle or vascular bundle is torn off A fine pulverizer for finely pulverizing the cotton-like material passed through the screen sieve attached to the coarse pulverizer and sent through the air duct to obtain a fine-grained fine cotton-like material Then, pellets are molded under a molding environment at a predetermined temperature by using a fine particle size cotton-like material fed through an air duct and a cyclone through a screen sieve attached to the fine crusher. Pele to And a constant temperature ripening device for semi-carbonizing the pellets by retaining the pellets in a warm state, which is molded by the pelletizer and fed through a conveyor, at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time. It is.

  In the present invention, coniferous bark, broad-leaved bark, bamboo, etc. can be used as the woody raw material, and the woody material put into the chipper is processed into a chip-like material of about 5 cm or less, for example.

  As the coarse pulverizer, for example, the vertical coarse pulverizer described in Patent Document 4 described above can be used. A bamboo-like material in which a fiber bundle or a vascular bundle is torn off can be obtained by adding a material made into a cutting tip-like material having a length of about 5 cm or less with respect to the fiber direction.

  As the pulverizer, for example, processing is performed using a pin mill with appropriate pin adjustment. In the process, hydrogen bonds, hemicellulose, and polysaccharide substances function as binders to produce pellets with binding strength that can obtain the action of lignin.

  In the device of the present invention, after molding, a warm molded product is continuously retained in the constant temperature aging device, so that it has a semi-carbonizing performance, only a water gas is released, and there is no substantial mass loss. Fuel pellets can be produced.

  The semi-carbonized wood fuel pellets produced in this way have good ignitability, low water swellability, and excellent storage characteristics.

  As a country that ratified the “Paris Agreement” to reduce carbon dioxide under the Paris Agreement, the use of coal was decided as a country that ratified the “Paris Agreement” at the G20 Osaka Conference in June 2019. Japan's thermal power generation is highly dependent on coal. In Japan, the “Kyoto Protocol” is a country that proposes a method for reducing carbon dioxide through the circulation of woody biomass. Commercialization as a substitute for coal is urgently desired.

  Coniferous bark (also known as bark) is an overwhelming amount of unused resources and is expected to be utilized as an existing amount of forest biomass in Japan. Similarly, bamboo and sasa are herbaceous but can be used as a fuel resource for the troubled people who invade and grow into healthy forests in or adjacent to the forest. Moreover, it is excellent in ignitability and can be a substitute for coal that generates more heat than wood resources with respect to mass.

  By using the wood fuel pellet production apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently produce semi-carbonized wood fuel pellets that have good ignitability, low water swellability, and excellent storage properties.

1 is an overall view showing an embodiment of a wood fuel pellet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention. It is a microscope picture of the cotton-like thing of the state grind | pulverized and defibrated with the dry coarse pulverizer. It is a microscope picture of the fine cotton-like thing which was beaten with the fine grinder and made into the fine particle size. It is the photograph which showed the state 10 minutes after the underwater immersion test performed for the comparison of the hydrophobicity of the conventional wood fuel pellet and the semi-carbonized wood fuel pellet manufactured with the apparatus of this invention.

  FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the wood fuel pellet manufacturing apparatus of the present invention. Regarding the main devices among the individual devices constituting the entire device, the raw material wood material is the chipper 2, the belt conveyor 3, the coarse pulverizer (dry pulverizer) 4, the air duct 6, the fine pulverizer (pin mill). 8, semi-carbonized wood fuel pellets are produced through the air duct 9, the cyclone 10, the conveyor 11, the pelletizer (pellet production device) 13, the conveyor 14, and the constant temperature aging device 17.

  The wood material thrown into the chipper 2 as the primary pulverizer is processed into chips of about 5 cm or less, and the pulverized material uses the characteristics of the coarse pulverizer 4 to tear off the fiber bundles or vascular bundles by the dry method. Select the screen and take out the fiber bundle or vascular bundle.

  The detachable pin of the pin mill device as the fine pulverizer 8 is adjusted, and the pin is removed depending on the state of the taken out fiber bundle or vascular bundle to change to an appropriate beating action, so that the particle size can be adjusted to 150 μm or less. . By the beating action, it becomes easily flocculent, and finely pulverized products are wrapped and a pulverizing effect that leads to molding with high density can be obtained.

  FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of a cotton-like product in which a fiber bundle or vascular bundle is torn by pulverization and defibration in a coarse pulverizer 4, and FIG. 3 is a fine cotton finely pulverized by a fine pulverizer. It is a microscope picture of a state thing.

  In this invention, in order to destroy the structure | tissue which has many moisture contents, such as tracts other than a fiber bundle or a vascular bundle in the above-mentioned grinding | pulverization process, a phlegm pipe | tube, and hemicellulose, A pulverized product having a rate of 12% or less can be obtained. The mechanical heat of the apparatus is also dissipated and is heated in the duct to enhance drying.

  The operation temperature of the conventional pelletizer is formed at a preheating temperature of 70 ° C. to 90 ° C. The molding mechanism is hydrogen bonding due to the softening temperature of the wood fiber resin, and the bonding failure due to high temperature drying of some materials is allowed to be auxiliary bonding with a binder of 2% or less. On the other hand, in the device of the present invention, the temperature of about 20 ° C. to 40 ° C. is higher than this, and the melting of binder materials such as polysaccharide materials and lignin, which are components of the finely pulverized product, and the coating of the molded product surface are applied. It can be obtained as a temperature effect.

  Molded products made from coniferous bark and bamboo or sasa contain various substances in addition to polysaccharides and lignin, so the molded products show so-called hydrophobicity that does not cause long-term immersion swelling changes. He gave me.

  Fig. 4 is a photograph showing the state after 10 minutes in the underwater immersion test conducted to confirm the hydrophobicity of the pellet. The conventional woody fuel pellet is swollen and greatly inflated. It can be seen that semi-carbonized pellets made from coniferous bark and bamboo are still almost intact.

2 ... Chipper,
3 ... conveyor,
4 ... Coarse pulverizer (dry pulverizer),
6 ... Air duct,
8 ... Fine grinding machine (pin mill),
9 ... Air duct,
10 ... Cyclone 11 ... Conveyor 13 ... Pelletizer,
14 ... conveyor,
15 ... pellet heating source device,
16 ... Pellet heating processing device,
17 ... Constant temperature aging equipment

Claims (2)

A wood fuel pellet manufacturing apparatus for supplying wood material and manufacturing fuel pellets from the wood material,
A chipper as a primary pulverizer that cuts and pulverizes the input wood material into chips of a predetermined size or less;
A coarse pulverizer for crushing and defibrating the chip-like material cut and crushed by the chipper into a cotton-like product in a state where the fiber bundle or vascular bundle is torn off,
A fine pulverizer for finely pulverizing the cotton-like material passed through a screen sieve attached to the coarse pulverizer and sent through an air duct to form a fine-grained cotton-like material; ,
A pelletizer that molds pellets in a molding environment at a predetermined temperature using a fine particle size cotton-like material fed through an air duct and a cyclone through a screen sieve attached to the fine pulverizer. When,
A constant temperature ripening device that semi-carbonizes the pellets by retaining the pellets in a warm state, which is molded by the pelletizer and charged via a conveyor, at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time;
An apparatus for producing wood fuel pellets, comprising: 2. The apparatus for producing wood fuel pellets according to claim 1, wherein the wood material is coniferous bark, hardwood bark, or bamboo.