JP3213826U - Dam body - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a wave breakwater body that can be effectively swept and consumed in a dam body to attenuate the energy of the seawater flow without spewing seawater waves or seawater flow upward.
A wave breaker block in which wave-dissipating blocks B having a structure in which a block front part and a block rear part are connected by an intermediate horizontal wall are stacked in a staggered pattern vertically and arranged along a coastline, A water splitting surface SF that divides the seawater flow into the left and right on the front of the wave-dissipating block, and a front and rear water supply channel at the left and right ends of the block guided by the water splitting surface. It is entangled with the upper and lower communication path guided by the side of the intermediate horizontal wall when it hits the closed surface, and the upstream and downstream of the upper and lower communication path hit the horizontal plane of the intermediate horizontal wall at the upper and lower stages and flow left and right along the right and left water passages. Then, the seawater flow changes back and forth, up and down, and left and right, and the seawater current circulates, collides, joins, and hits the block surface to strongly attenuate the water current energy in the dam body.
[Selection] Figure 5

Description

  The present invention is constructed by stacking wave-dissipating blocks in multiple upper and lower stages, installed long along the coast, taking a seawater flow from the front of the wave-dissipating block, and circulating the water channel between the wave-dissipating blocks on the left, right, and upper and lower sides. It relates to a wave breaker body that dampens the wave energy of seawater flow by floating and diverting. It is also a technology that can be used as a breakwater offshore underwater.

  Wave-dissipating blocks are stacked vertically and installed along the coastline in the left-right direction. Wave-dissipating dam bodies are widely installed on the coast of Japan to reduce seawater wave energy and prevent coastal erosion and damage. I have to.

On the Japanese coast, a dam body that combines a number of multi-legged wave-dissipating blocks, up, down, left, and right, has long been used. In this levee body, multi-leg-shaped wave-dissipating blocks are combined and deployed three-dimensionally in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the seawater flow is taken in from the space between the multiple legs, and the water flows in the leg space formed in the vertical and horizontal directions. The wave energy is attenuated by moving the. However, since the air gap of the wave-dissipating block is opened upward, the ocean water squirts high upward or the compressed air is discharged upward, which deteriorates the coastal environment. In addition, there is a problem that the damping force of seawater current and wave energy is still weak.
As other breakwater bodies, the breakwater bodies and wavebreak blocks of Patent Documents 1 and 2 are known.

  The wave-dissipating block of Patent Document 1 is provided with a large number of slits for entering seawater on the front surface of a large concrete box called a caisson, and the seawater flow is introduced into the caisson through these slits. This is a technology to attenuate the kinetic energy of seawater with the filled material, but it is only the seawater flow that flows in through the slit of the seawater flow that enters the caisson. is there. Then, it is determined that a considerable amount of seawater flow hits the front of the caisson and returns upward, downward, or in the sea, and the kinetic energy of the seawater flow cannot be sufficiently attenuated simply by changing the direction.

  Next, the breakwater body of Patent Document 2 is used offshore in the sea, the breakwater body faces the shore part both front and back, and the seawater flow that has entered the levee body from one shore part is opened to the other. Since it is released from the waterside and is open as a waterfront, both front and back, the seawater flow that entered from one waterside stays in the levee, causing strong collisions between the water currents, left and right, top and bottom of the seawater Since the other shore part is open, the seawater flow remains in the levee body, and it is less likely to repeat collisions, diversions, confluences, and collisions with the concrete block walls, and the damping force of the seawater flow is weak It is judged.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-59958 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-76031

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wave breaker that can effectively attenuate the energy of the sea current that strikes the seawater, preventing the wave energy and seawater energy of the seawater from generating a strong upward jet. There is.

The configuration of the present invention that solves this problem is as follows.
1) A number of wave-dissipating blocks with the same type of block front and block rears facing the sea along the coast are connected by an intermediate horizontal wall in the horizontal direction, and the same wave-dissipating block in the vertical direction. The wave breaker block is stacked vertically so that the phase of the wave dissipating block is vertically different by 180 degrees, and the sea is at the middle height position in front of the front of the block facing the sea of the wave dissipating block. Divide the water flow into the left and right sides and provide a diversion surface that gently recedes in the left and right direction. The left and right sides of the wave-dissipating block are provided with depressions to send the seawater guided by the diversion surface to the rear and the front is open. A front and rear water supply channel that can take in the seawater from the front is formed, and the front and rear water supply channel is formed with a closed surface that blocks the backward seawater flow at the front position of the rear part of the wave-dissipating block. The top and bottom of the final space of the front and rear waterway are open A vertical communication path is provided, and the vertical communication path hits the horizontal plane of the intermediate horizontal wall of the wave-dissipating block of the upper and lower tiers stacked in a 180 ° stacking phase, and the right and left water passages between the upper and lower intermediate horizontal walls. The water flow of the upper and lower communication passages can be diverted in the left and right directions with the formed left and right water passages, and is arranged to communicate with the upper and lower passages and the front and rear water supply passages. The seawater that entered from the water flows into the front and rear water supply channels, the upper and lower communication channels, and the left and right water channels, and the water energy of the seawater is attenuated by circulating and diverting while colliding. 2) A plurality of through-holes that penetrate between the upper and lower wave-dissipating blocks stacked at 180 ° stacking phase are provided, and concrete piles are inserted into the through-holes, or concrete is poured into the upper, lower, left and right wave-dissipating blocks. You can connect In addition, the breakwater 3) described in 1) above, the through-holes are provided at the same front and rear positions at lx and lz from the left and right ends of the left and right long wave-dissipating block, and 180 ° phase difference between the upper and lower stages. The wave breaker body described in 1) or 2) above, wherein the through hole positions lx and lz are determined so that lx + lz = L / 2, where δL is the difference in horizontal displacement between the upper and lower wave-dissipating blocks. It is in.

According to the present invention, seawater currents and waves are taken from the center of the left and right wave-dissipating blocks, and the seawater currents are diverted to the left and right by the reverse diversion surfaces on the left and right sides of the front, and guided to the left and right ends to the front and rear water supply channels. Pour. In addition, the front surfaces of the front and rear water passages at the left and right ends are opened, and a seawater flow / wave water flows directly into the front and rear water passages.
The front / rear water supply path is a closed surface formed at the front position of the rear part of the wave-dissipating block, and becomes a vertical water flow through the vertical communication path. Then, the upper and lower water flows through the upper and lower communication passages hit the horizontal plane of the intermediate horizontal wall of the upper and lower wave-dissipating blocks and enter the left and right water passages to flow left or right.
Furthermore, the water flow in the left and right directions between the intermediate horizontal walls of the upper and lower wave-dissipating blocks hits the upper and lower water flows from the upper and lower communication paths and the front and rear water flows of the front and rear water supply channels.

  In this way, the flow direction of the seawater flow from the front, opening, and gap between the wave-dissipating blocks is changed in the direction of the front / rear water supply, vertical water flow, left / right water flow, and the water flow energy collides with the concrete block wall. Is effectively attenuated by repeated collisions and diversion of water flow.

  And even if the water flow flows upward, by restricting the jet of the water flow upward at the middle horizontal wall of the upper and lower wave-dissipating block, the jet of the seawater flow and the jet of air can be greatly suppressed, The kinetic energy can be attenuated while the fluid is sealed in the breakwater by the vertical and horizontal diversions.

  In addition, if a through hole is provided to penetrate the wave-dissipating block between the upper and lower sides, and piles or concrete can be poured into this through-hole, it will be moved by the force of the seawater flow of the wave-dissipating block and the stacking position will not be displaced. The dam body can be installed stably on the coastal ground.

  In particular, if the distances lx and lz from the left and right ends of the wave-dissipating block of the through hole are the left-right width L of the wave-dissipating block and the displacement L / 2 due to the installation phase difference of the upper and lower wave-dissipating blocks, lx + lz = L / 2 Even if stacked up and down, the positions of the through holes can be matched in the left-right direction.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a wave-dissipating block used in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a rear view of the wave-dissipating block of the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a right side view of the wave-dissipating block of the embodiment. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the wave-dissipating block of the embodiment. FIG. 5 is a front view of the breakwater body of the embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the front and rear water supply paths and the upper and lower communication paths between the wave-dissipating blocks. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an upper and lower communication path and a left and right water passage between upper and lower wave-dissipating blocks. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the overlapping of wave-dissipating blocks in the lower left and right two stages and the upper one stage.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the stacked wave-dissipating blocks B are provided with through holes penetrating vertically and the concrete piles are driven so as to penetrate the through holes. If possible, it is preferable that the concrete pile penetrates deeply into the coastal ground below the bottom wave-dissipating block. For that purpose, it is preferable to provide a plurality of through-holes in the block front part B1 and the block rear part B2 of the wave-dissipating block B so that the front and rear positions of the through-holes of the wave-dissipating blocks to be stacked coincide with each other. The stacked product phases are preferably arranged in a staggered manner with a phase difference of 180 ° (half of the left and right length L of the wave-dissipating block B). That is, it is preferable that δL = L / 2 and that the lengths lx and lz in the left and right directions from the left and right ends of the through hole satisfy lx + lz = L / 2.
If the top surface of the wave breaker block on the top of the dam body of the present invention is closed with a concrete plate or the like, it will be able to prevent the seawater from being ejected upward, and the wave breaker wall will be accessible to people. The upper surface of the uppermost wave-dissipating block installed offshore is not closed, and it is possible to eject weaker seawater.

This will be described below with reference to the embodiments shown in FIGS.
The left and right lengths of the front of the concrete wave-dissipating block B constituting the wave-dissipating dam body G of the embodiment are 2.4 m and the front-rear length is 4.0 m. A front block B1 with a length of 1.85 m in the front and rear, a block rear part B2 with a length of about 1.15 m, which is about 60% of the length of the front, 1.6 m left and right, a vertical thickness 0.8 m, and a front and rear length 1 0.0m middle horizontal wall B3. Further, the back surface of the block rear portion B2 is a vertical surface, and the front wall B21 is a closed surface of the front and rear water supply channel S1. And, the stacking phase of the above-mentioned wave-dissipating block B on the wave-dissipating dam body G is set to 180 °, and the front length L of the wave-dissipating block B is shifted by L / 2 = δL = 1.20 m, which is half the front length L2.40 m. Yes. In this example, lx = lz = 0.6 m and L / 2 = 1.2 m = lx + lz is satisfied.

(Explanation of reference numerals in the drawings)
G is a breakwater body of the embodiment of the present invention, B is a concrete constituting the breakwater body G, and a wavebreak block having a front and rear length of 4.0 m, a front left and right length of 2.4 m, and a height of 1.4 m , B1 is a front portion of the wave-dissipating block B having a length of 1.85 m, B2 is a block rear portion of the wave-dissipating block B having a length of 1.15 m, and B22 is a back surface of the block rear portion B2. , B21 is a closing surface of the front face of the block rear part B2, B3 is an intermediate horizontal wall having a longitudinal length of 1.0 m connecting the block front part B1 and the block rear part B2 of the wave-dissipating block B in the middle, and B31 is an intermediate horizontal wall B3 Upper and lower horizontal planes B32 are the left and right vertical side surfaces of the intermediate horizontal wall B3. SF is a water diversion surface formed in the front middle of the front part B1 of the wave-dissipating block B and retreats in the left-right direction, S1 is a front-rear water supply path formed at the left-right end of the wave-dissipating block B, and S10 is the front-rear water-feeding path. The opening on the front surface of the water channel S1, S2 is diverted to the closed surface of the block B (front wall B21), and the left and right of the middle horizontal wall B3 of the adjacent wave-dissipating block B is narrowed. The upper and lower communication passages S3 formed between the side surfaces B32 turn toward the horizontal plane B31 of the intermediate horizontal wall B3 of the wave-dissipating block B stacked in the upper and lower parts of the upper and lower communication passages S2, and change the intermediate horizontal of the upper and lower steps. It is a right and left water passage formed between the horizontal surfaces B31 of the wall B3. K1 and K2 are through-holes penetrating left and right symmetrically in the front and rear portions B1 and B2 of the wave-dissipating block B to the same longitudinal depth position, and are the lengths from the left and right ends to the hole centers of the through-holes K1 and K2. The lengths lx and lz are about lx = 1z = 0.6 m. A concrete pile passing through the through holes K1, K2 is not shown.
In addition, L is the length of the wave-dissipating block B that is 2.4 m in the left-right direction, and the wave-dissipating blocks B stacked vertically are arranged in a staggered manner with a phase difference of 180 °. The block displacement dimension δL due to the phase difference is 1.2 m. A high-strength concrete pile (not shown) is driven into the shore ground in the through holes K1 and K2 to prevent the strength and displacement of the breakwater body.

(The wave-dissipating action of the wave-dissipating wall G of the example)
The seawater flow flowing in from the front of the wave breaker body G is diverted in the left-right direction by the water diversion surface SF in front of each wave-dissipating block B, and flows into the front and rear water supply channels S1 formed at the left and right ends. The front and rear water supply channels S1 also flow directly from the front opening S10.
Next, the backward water flow that is collected and flows into the front and rear water supply channels S1 hits the front closed surface (front wall B21) of the block rear portion B2 and rolls up and down via the upper and lower communication passages S2 to the middle. It goes to the left and right water passage S3 surrounded by the horizontal plane B31 above and below the horizontal wall B3.

  Here, since there is a horizontal plane B31 on the lower surface of the intermediate horizontal wall B3 of the upper wave-dissipating block B above the upper and lower communication passages S2, the water flow that has flowed in here does not squirt directly upward, Since it moves to water passage S3, seawater does not spout large as a wave in the upper atmosphere.

  In addition, since the back surface B22 of the block rear portion B2 is closed with a vertical surface in both the left and right and up and down directions, seawater does not pass through the wave-dissipating block B.

Then, the water flow entering from the water diversion surface SF and the opening S10 of the wave-dissipating block B is reclaimed between the front and rear water supply channels S1, the upper and lower communication channels S2, and the left and right water flow channels S3, and the water flows collide with each other. The seawater loses its kinetic energy and is quenched while colliding with the walls of the wave-dissipating block B such as the closed surface (front wall B21) and the horizontal surface B31 of the intermediate horizontal wall B3.
And the water flow of an up-down direction attenuates the seawater energy of an up-down direction greatly through the right-and-left water flow path, without ejecting to the atmosphere up-down.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, it was possible to effectively suppress the wave by circulating and circulating each water channel without strongly ejecting seawater in the vertical direction.

  The present invention is a coastal breakwater body, but it can of course be used as a breakwater body in offshore seawater.

  The present invention can also be used for the attenuation of water energy in rivers where the water flow is intense in addition to the coast.

G Breakwater body of Example B Wavebreak block B1 Block front B2 Block rear B21 Front wall (closed surface)
B22 Back (vertical surface)
B3 Intermediate horizontal wall B31 Horizontal plane B32 Side surface SF Dividing surface S1 Front / rear water supply path S10 Opening S2 Vertical communication path S3 Left / right water flow path K1, K2 Through hole L Left / right length of the front of the wave-dissipating block δL lx, lz Length from the left and right ends of the through holes K1, K2

The configuration of the present invention that solves this problem is as follows.
1) A number of wave-dissipating blocks with the same type of block front and block rears facing the sea along the coast are connected by an intermediate horizontal wall in the horizontal direction, and the same wave-dissipating block in the vertical direction. The wave breaker block is stacked vertically so that the phase of the wave dissipating block is vertically different by 180 degrees, and the sea is at the middle height position in front of the front of the block facing the sea of the wave dissipating block. Divide the water flow into the left and right sides and provide a diversion surface that gently recedes in the left and right direction. The left and right sides of the wave-dissipating block are provided with depressions to send the seawater guided by the diversion surface to the rear and the front is open. A front and rear water supply channel that can take in the seawater from the front is formed, and the front and rear water supply channel is formed with a closed surface that blocks the backward seawater flow at the front position of the rear part of the wave-dissipating block. The top and bottom of the final space of the front and rear waterway are open A vertical communication path is provided, and the vertical communication path hits the horizontal plane of the intermediate horizontal wall of the wave-dissipating block of the upper and lower tiers stacked in a 180 ° stacking phase, and the right and left water passages between the upper and lower intermediate horizontal walls. There is formed, the water flow of the vertical communicating path can be split into right and left by a lateral water passage formed, the vertical communicating path and disposed so as to communicate with the longitudinal water passage, minute water and front left and right portions of the front Seawater entering from the opening flows into the front and rear water supply channels, the upper and lower communication channels, and the left and right water channels, and the water current energy of the seawater is attenuated by circulating and diverting while colliding. Body 2) A plurality of through-holes that penetrate between the upper and lower wave-dissipating blocks stacked at 180 ° stacking phase are provided, and concrete piles are inserted into the through-holes, or concrete is poured into the upper, lower, left and right wave-dissipating blocks. Can be linked The wave breaker body 3) described in the above 1) is provided with through holes provided at the same front and rear positions at lx and lz from the left and right ends of the left and right long wave-dissipating blocks, and at the upper and lower stages of 180 ° In the case of the phase difference installation, the through hole positions lx and lz are determined so that lx + lz = L / 2 = δL , where δL is the horizontal displacement difference between the upper and lower wave-dissipating blocks. Located on the dam body.

Claims (3)

  A number of wave-dissipating blocks with the same type of block front and rear blocks facing the sea along the coast are connected by an intermediate horizontal wall in the horizontal direction. The wave breaker blocks are stacked in such a way that the phase of the wave dissipating block is 180 ° different from each other, and the seawater flow is placed at an intermediate height position in front of the front of the block facing the sea of the wave dissipating block. Divide the water surface into the left and right edges that are divided into left and right sides, and the left and right sides of the wave-dissipating block are provided with recesses to send the seawater guided by the water diversion surface to the rear and the front is opened. A front / rear waterway that can take in seawater from the front is formed, and the front / rear waterway has a closed surface that blocks the rearward seawater flow at the front of the block behind the wave-dissipating block. The top and bottom of the final channel space are open A vertical communication path is provided, and the vertical communication path hits the horizontal surface of the intermediate horizontal wall of the wave-dissipating block of the upper and lower stacks with a 180 ° stacking phase, forming a left and right water passage between the upper and lower intermediate horizontal walls. The water flow in the upper and lower communication passages can be diverted in the left and right directions with the formed left and right water passages, and is arranged to communicate with the upper and lower passages and the front and rear water supply passages, and enters from the front water diversion surface and the openings on the front left and right sides. A wave breakwater that attenuates the flow energy of the seawater by flowing into the front and rear water supply channels, the upper and lower communication channels, and the left and right water channels and splitting and circulating while colliding.   A plurality of through-holes penetrating the stacked upper and lower wave-dissipating blocks with different 180 ° stacking phases can be provided, and concrete piles can be inserted into the through-holes, or concrete can be poured to connect the upper, lower, left and right wave-dissipating blocks. The breakwater body according to claim 1, which is configured as described above.   Through holes are provided at the same front and rear positions at 1x and 1z from the left and right ends of the wave-dissipating block having the left and right length L, and the horizontal displacement difference between the upper and lower wave-dissipating blocks is 180 ° phase difference between the upper and lower stages. The breakwater body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the through hole positions lx and lz are determined so that lx + lz = L / 2 where δL is δL.

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