JP3211251B2 - Fire extinguisher and fire prevention device - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fire extinguisher and a fire prevention device having a sound wave irradiator for irradiating a sound wave to a combustion product.

BACKGROUND ART Conventional fire extinguishers include a fire extinguisher, a sprinkler, or a fire pump mounted on a fire engine, etc.
Foams such as chemical foams and mechanical foams, powders such as ammonium phosphate and potassium phosphate, and gases such as carbon dioxide gas and halogen gas are used alone or in combination.

However, when water is used to extinguish a fire, there is an advantage that it is inexpensive, but it cannot be used for electrical equipment and the like, and water may be difficult to obtain depending on a fire place. Even if the fire is extinguished by water, the damage around the fire place is large due to water damage.

On the other hand, when foam is used to extinguish fire, it is effective for oil and fat fires, but it cannot be used for electric equipment etc. like water, and the degree of contamination around Larger than.

In addition, powder fire extinguishing agents are effective for small-scale fires, but require carbon dioxide gas or the like for releasing the chemicals, which increases the weight of the entire apparatus and is expensive. In addition, when this fire extinguisher is used, fouling after release is enormous.

Further, when a gas such as carbon dioxide gas or halogen gas is used as a fire extinguisher, it has a bad influence on the environment and also on the human body. In addition, gas is less effective unless it is used in a substantially closed space.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and does not use a fire extinguisher such as water, foam, powder, gas, etc. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fire extinguisher that can be used for electric equipment, does not adversely affect the environment and the human body, and can be used even in a closed space.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a fire prevention device to be installed in a place where a fire is expected.

In order to achieve the above object, a fire extinguisher according to the present invention is characterized in that it has a sound wave irradiator that irradiates a sound wave to a combustion material. The sound wave may be an ultrasonic wave, and the ultrasonic wave preferably has a polarized wave.

In the above fire extinguisher, the sound wave emitted from the sound wave irradiator generates a dense band in the air, and the part having the rough density is in a kind of vacuum state, so that the cavity effect is generated. As a result, a large shock vibration can be given to the fire source as a wavy shock wave, which leads to fire extinguishing in which the chain reaction of the fire is interrupted.

This eliminates the use of fire extinguisher such as water, foam, powder, gas, etc., so that it can be used for electrical equipment without damaging the surroundings of the fire site, and has a negative impact on the environment and human health. It can be used without providing a closed space.

Also. When the ultrasonic waves have polarization, the amount of attenuation of the ultrasonic energy behind the obstacle is reduced, and fire can be effectively extinguished even with respect to the burning matter behind the obstacle.

Furthermore, in order to provide a fire prevention device for installing in a place where a fire is expected, the fire prevention device according to the present invention has a sound wave irradiation device that irradiates sound waves to a target object. I do. This sound wave may be an ultrasonic wave, and the ultrasonic wave preferably has a polarized wave.

In this fire prevention device, a sound wave emitted from the sound wave irradiation device generates a dense band in the air, and the portion having the rough density becomes a kind of vacuum state, so that a cavity effect occurs. This makes it possible to apply a large shock vibration as a wavy shock wave to an object that is expected to fire, thereby suppressing the occurrence of a fire.

In addition, when the ultrasonic waves have polarization, the amount of attenuation of the ultrasonic energy behind the obstacle can be reduced, and fire can be effectively prevented even for an object behind the obstacle. .

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of a fire extinguisher according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a fire model used in a fire extinguishing experiment using the fire extinguisher according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the fire extinguisher according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of a conventional ultrasonic transducer.

5A and 5B are diagrams showing an example of a conventional ultrasonic irradiation apparatus, in which FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of a configuration, and FIG. 5B is a diagram showing a stress distribution at each location of the ultrasonic irradiation apparatus shown in FIG. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic irradiation apparatus for generating ultrasonic waves having polarized waves according to the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, specific examples of embodiments of a fire extinguisher and a fire prevention device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a fire extinguisher according to the present invention. The fire extinguisher 1 includes a discharge device 2, a sound collecting microphone 3, an amplifier 4, and a speaker 5.

The discharge device 2 includes a programmer (rotary discharge electrode) such as a Wimshurst induction motor or Tesla coil and a multi-wave transmitter, and intermittently discharges a charged DC high-voltage charge. Is to generate sound.

The sound collecting microphone 3 collects sound waves generated in the discharge device 2 and outputs an equivalent electric signal in response to the collected sound waves.

Further, the electric signal generated in the sound collecting microphone 3 is amplified by the amplifier 4 including the controller, and the sound wave is emitted intermittently from the speaker 5 having directivity, for example. In this embodiment, one speaker 5 is provided, but a plurality of speakers may be provided according to the fire extinguishing object.

Next, the results of fire extinguishing experiments using the fire extinguisher according to the present invention will be described.

As shown in Fig. 2, fire sources include the Fire Service Law Enforcement Regulation No. 6
A fire model 6 prepared in accordance with the fire model specified in Article (Ministerial ordinance that stipulates technical specifications for fire extinguishers) and used when determining the unit of performance of a fire extinguisher was used.

The fire model 6 is a 3 cm square, 90 cm long dry cedar wood 8
Were alternately combined and stacked, and water was stretched to a depth of 10 cm in a combustion pan 10 of a combustion table 9 made of an iron angle, and 3 liters of gasoline was put in the water.

As an experimental device, a fire extinguisher 1 having a configuration shown in FIG. 1 was used.

The discharging device 2 is a device that generates a sound by intermittently spark-discharging a DC high-voltage charge charged in a capacitor, for example, by discharging between electrodes by a capacitor having a capacity of 500 μF to 1200 μF, A large current of approximately 400A to 800A flows instantaneously, and a sound wave is generated at that moment.

The sound waves generated as described above are collected by the sound collecting microphone 3,
The sound collected by the sound collecting microphone 3 is amplified by the amplifier 4, and is output from the loudspeaker 5 having directivity to about 1 W / m ^{2 to} 3 W / m ^2.
It was configured to emit a sound wave of about 1 kHz at W / m ² . Note that the speaker 5 was installed at a position 2 m away from the fire model 6.

The gasoline in the combustion pan 10 of the combustion table 9 made of iron angle was ignited with a firing rod. Ten to twenty seconds after ignition, the wood burned violently, and the flame extended to a height of about 2 to 3 meters above the floor.

Fire extinguishing was started one minute after ignition. It said cage, from the speaker 5, at ^{1W / m 2 ~3W / m 2} , fired toward approximately 1kHz sound wave in the heart of the fire model 6. First, the first wave caused the flame to blow off momentarily and the fire was suppressed one second later. However, it seems that fire is left in the wood like an oki, so the second wave,
The sound wave was emitted toward the center of the fire model 6 in a wavy manner with the third wave to extinguish the fire. As a result, the fire model 6
The fire was extinguished after about 20 seconds.

Next, a second embodiment of the fire extinguisher according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

The present fire extinguisher is different from the fire extinguisher according to the first embodiment in that ultrasonic waves are used as sound waves. The fire extinguisher 11 in the present embodiment includes an ultrasonic vibrator 12, a sound collecting microphone 1
3. It is composed of an amplifier 14 and a speaker 15.

In this specification, the ultrasonic wave refers to a sound wave (including a sound in a low frequency range) other than a sound that can be heard by a human (a sound having a frequency of about 20 Hz to 30 kHz).

The ultrasonic transducer 12 is capable of generating ultrasonic waves of, for example, about 20 kHz to about 100 kHz, and ultrasonic waves in a low frequency region of about 20 Hz or less. Is collected by the sound collecting microphone 13.
Then, the sound collecting microphone 13 outputs an equivalent electric signal in response to the collected sound waves.

Further, the output signal of the sound collecting microphone 13 is amplified by the amplifier 14 including the controller, and the sound wave is emitted, for example, intermittently from the speaker 15 having directivity. In this embodiment, one speaker 15 is provided, but a plurality of speakers may be provided according to the fire extinguishing object.

Next, the results of fire extinguishing experiments using the fire extinguisher according to the present invention will be described. As a fire source, a fire model 6 shown in FIG. 2 was used as in the fire extinguishing experiment, and water was spread over a combustion pan 10 of an iron angle combustion table 9 to a depth of 10 cm.
Put a liter.

As an experimental device, a fire extinguisher 11 having the configuration shown in FIG. 3 was used.

Ultrasonic waves of about 300 kHz were generated by the ultrasonic vibrator 12, and the ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic vibrator 12 were collected by the sound collecting microphone 13. Then, the sound collecting microphone 13, the collected ultrasound amplified by the amplifier 14, with the speaker 15 having directivity ^{1W / m 2 ~3W / m 2} , fired toward the center of the fire model 6 . The speaker 15 was located at a position 2 m away from the fire model 6.

The gasoline in the combustion pan 10 of the combustion table 9 made of iron angle was ignited with a firing rod. Ten to twenty seconds after ignition, the wood burned violently, and the flame extended to a height of about 2 to 3 meters above the floor.

Fire extinguishing was started one minute after ignition. As described above, the speaker 15, at ^{1W / m 2 ~3W / m 2} , fired toward about 300kHz of the sound wave in the heart of the fire model 6. In this experiment, as in the above experiment, first, the flame was blown out for a moment by the first wave, and the fire was suppressed about 1 second later. However, since it seems that fire was left in a wood-like shape, fire was extinguished by radiating the sound waves toward the center of the fire model 6 in a wave-like manner with the second wave and the third wave. As a result, Fire Model 6 was extinguished after about 20 seconds.

^{Incidentally, 1W / m 2 ~3W / m} 2, even in the ultrasonic frequency 3Hz~20Hz experiments fired toward the center of the fire model 6 from the speaker 15, the experimental example using the approximately 300kHz ultrasonic Similar results were obtained, and it was confirmed that there was a fire-extinguishing effect by ultrasonic waves in a low frequency range of about 20 Hz or less.

When it is difficult to completely extinguish a fire using the fire extinguisher according to the present invention alone, the fire extinguisher can be combined with a conventional fire extinguisher.

In the above embodiment, the fire is extinguished by irradiating the combustion object with sound waves. However, it is also possible to suppress the occurrence of fire by emitting sound waves in advance at a place where a fire is expected.

Next, the ultrasonic vibrator used in the fire extinguisher and the fire prevention device according to the present invention will be described.

Ultrasound is a longitudinal wave in a gas or liquid, but is composed of a longitudinal wave, a transverse wave, and a surface wave in a solid. Utilizing this property, an ultrasonic oscillator capable of vectorwise coupling a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave to an ultrasonic wave oscillated in a gas is used.

As a result, the amount of attenuation of the ultrasonic energy behind the obstacle is reduced, and fire can be effectively extinguished even with respect to the burning matter present behind the obstacle.

First, a conventional ultrasonic transducer will be described.

FIG. 4 shows a conventionally used Langevin non-vibrator. This Langevin type vibrator 50 is a two-metal body
Between 51A and 51B, piezoelectric element such as lead zirconate titanate
An electrode plate 53 made of phosphor bronze or the like is arranged in the middle of the piezoelectric element 52 in a sandwich shape sandwiching the piezoelectric element 52 (or the electrostrictive element). Then, a high-frequency voltage is applied from the high-frequency power source 54 between the metal body 51A and the electrode plate 53 and between the metal body 51B and the electrode plate 53, and an ultrasonic wave is emitted from the radiation surface.

Then, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), a cone part 61, a horn part 63, a sound tube 64, and a diaphragm 65 are added to the Langevin type vibrator 50 via a flange part 62, and a Langevin type vibrator is added. The ultrasonic wave generated by the vibration of the diaphragm 65 is amplified through the acoustic tube 64 into the air through amplification of the vibration amplitude by the probe 50. Here, the cone section 61 and the horn section 63 function as a concentrator of acoustic energy.

At this time, a stress distribution and an amplitude distribution as shown in FIG. 5B are obtained. The amplitude is minimum at the flange portion 62 and maximum at the diaphragm 65. Further, the length of one half of the oscillation wavelength λ corresponds to the length L of the horn 63 shown in FIG.

However, when an ultrasonic vibrator such as the Langevin type vibrator 50 is used and an ultrasonic wave is emitted in the air, the ultrasonic wave as a longitudinal wave propagates in the air. For this reason, when an obstacle is present, the emitted ultrasonic waves are repeated by the obstacle, and cannot reach the burning matter behind the obstacle, and the fire extinguishing effect is reduced.

Therefore, in order to obtain an ultrasonic wave having a plane of polarization instead of a simple longitudinal wave by adding a transverse wave component to a longitudinal wave, an ultrasonic transducer having the following configuration is used. Here, the polarized wave is obtained by synthesizing a plurality of waveforms or changing the phases of the plurality of waveforms to make a waveform different from a waveform generated from a single sound source, or adding energy to a sine wave or the like. Is defined as a waveform deflected by

As shown in FIG. 6, this ultrasonic irradiation apparatus has two oscillators 71A and 71B to drive two Langevin type vibrators 70A and 70B, and these oscillators 71A and 71B are in phase with each other. It has a function that can be changed from 0 ° to 90 °, and operates so that the driving energy becomes equal.

Further, the cone portions 72A and 72B are formed of different materials from each other, and are caused by different media in sound wave propagation.
The sound waves from the two oscillators 71A and 71B deviate from the equilibrium point, thereby causing a particle change, and the speed becomes the particle speed, and the change generates a wave.

The two oscillators 71A and 71B can further strengthen the wave by pulse driving whose phase can be adjusted.

As for the polarized waves, sound waves that pass through the cone portions 72A and 72B made of different materials and have a phase difference of 90 ° from each other are combined by the flange portion 73. The oscillator 71
The phase difference can be further clarified by A and 71B. The vibration that has passed through the cones 72A and 72B is
The sound wave is amplified in the 74 and becomes a circularly polarized sound wave, emitted from the diaphragm 75, and reaches the target via the acoustic tube 76. This polarized wave is an ultrasonic wave that is relatively less affected by obstacles or the like than a longitudinal wave or a transverse wave, and can be used for fire extinguishing.

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fire extinguisher comprising a sound wave irradiator for irradiating a sound wave to combustion products. 2. The fire extinguisher according to claim 1, wherein said sound wave is an ultrasonic wave. 3. The fire extinguisher according to claim 2, wherein said ultrasonic waves have a polarized wave. 4. A fire prevention device comprising a sound wave irradiation device for irradiating a sound wave to an object. 5. The fire prevention device according to claim 4, wherein said sound wave is an ultrasonic wave. 6. The fire prevention apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said ultrasonic wave has a polarized wave.