JP3208713U - Heat exchange mixing device and solution transfer cooling device - Google Patents

Abstract

A heat exchange mixing apparatus and a solution capable of efficiently transferring heat to an object to be processed and stirring and mixing the object to be processed to significantly delay the accumulation of solid contents in a solution transfer cooling device. A transfer cooling device is provided. A spiral mixing member 202c having a width substantially equal to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is disposed in the heat exchange tube, and the spiral mixing member 202c is a spiral plate member having a waveform that proceeds in a substantially longitudinal direction, In the heat exchange mixing device, the wave front of the corrugation intersects with the center line of the spiral plate member at an angle other than a right angle. [Selection] Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat exchange mixing device and a solution transfer / cooling device, and more particularly to a heat exchange mixing device solution and a transfer / cooling device that efficiently transfer heat to an object to be processed and stir and mix the object to be processed.

  It is widely practiced to cool and heat an object to be processed by flowing the object in a pipe made of a material having a high thermal conductivity and bringing a refrigerant or a high-temperature fluid into contact with the pipe. . In order to efficiently perform the processing, it is generally performed to cool and heat the material of the object to be processed at a temperature suitable for the material.

On the other hand, when a polymer product such as polyethylene or polypropylene is produced, the polymer adheres to the inner wall of a polymer reactor that produces polyethylene by reacting a catalyst with ethylene in a solvent such as normal hexane. Further, in a post-treatment device such as pelletization from a polymer reactor, so-called polymer fouling, in which the polymer deposits and adheres to the inner wall of the transfer means for transferring the solvent and the polymerization product mixed solution while cooling, Occur.
Polymerization of polyethylene or the like also has a problem that heat of reaction is generated by the polymerization reaction in the polymer reactor. If this heat of reaction is not efficiently removed, that is, if it is not cooled, the operating conditions cannot be controlled, the physical properties of the polymerization reaction product change significantly, and the operation of the polymer reactor may be forced to stop.

On the other hand, in order to remove the reaction heat, a shell and tube heat exchanger is set in the inner wall of the polymer reactor and a transfer means for transferring the polymer reactor while cooling from the polymer reactor to a post-treatment device such as pelletizing. There is a case. In this case, a polymer fouling is formed on the inner wall of the metal tube that separates the coolant and the polymer contained in the solvent.
Since this polymer fouling has a thermal conductivity that is about two orders of magnitude lower than that of the metal tube, the polymer fouling significantly reduces the removal or cooling of the reaction heat. At the same time, since the substantial pipe diameter is reduced, the load on the transport pump is increased, and there is an adverse effect that the transport pump is damaged or the production efficiency is reduced due to the reduced flow rate.

In order to prevent an increase in the occurrence of this polymer fouling,
(1) Increasing the flow velocity in the reactor and transfer pipe (2) Minimizing irregularities on the reactor and transfer pipe surface as much as possible (3) Starting point of polymer fouling is the electrostatic adhesion of catalyst and polymer particles (4) Improvement of the structure of the ethylene feed nozzle (5) Improvement of the structure that prevents the polymer from convection in the gap of the flange, etc. (For example, refer nonpatent literature 1).

  As a conventional polymer fouling prevention method, an antifouling agent containing a polyoxylene polymer having an average molecular weight represented by a specific general formula of 30000 or less is used as a solvent polymer solution in a polymerization apparatus or in a subsequent process. It has been proposed to add to internal components (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  Another prior art polymer fouling prevention method, that is, an olefin polymerization method that prevents clogging of the catalyst slurry supply system to the polymerization reactor and enables continuous operation, is an olefin polymerization method, and is supported on a solid. When supplying a catalyst slurry containing a prepolymerization catalyst to a gas phase reactor for main polymerization of olefin, it is proposed that 0.3 g to 3.0 mg of an organoaluminum compound is accompanied with 1 g of the prepolymerization catalyst. (For example, refer to Patent Document 2).

  As another prior art polymer fouling prevention method, the inner surface and outer surface are used to impart resistance to corrosion and corrosion-induced fouling to metal tube heat exchangers exposed to high temperature process streams. A heat transfer device 10 for heating or cooling a process stream comprising: a heat transfer device 10 formed of a steel alloy containing X, Y and Z, wherein the tube is 40 microinches. Chromium-enriched oxidation containing 10-40% by weight chromium formed on at least one of a substrate layer, an inner surface and an outer surface comprising a steel alloy having an arithmetic average surface roughness of less than (1.1 μm) A heat transfer device 10 including three layers of a material layer, the chromium-enriched oxide layer including a sulfide, an oxide, an oxysulfide, or a mixture thereof. It has a surface protective layer formed on the surface has been proposed (e.g., see Patent Document 3).

  Even with the techniques described above, the occurrence of polymer fouling cannot be effectively prevented or reduced to an extent that satisfies industrial requirements, and therefore other methods and techniques have been proposed. That is, it has been proposed to deposit and form a thin film that can be removed by a chemical solution or a required gas on the inner wall of a metal pipe (see, for example, Patent Document 4).

  As another polymer fouling prevention technique, chemical operation or physical operation is performed using a container having a resin film formed on the inner wall, and the scale formed on the inner wall of the container during the operation process is combined with the resin film. A scale removal method for removal has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 5).

  Furthermore, as another polymer fouling prevention technique, in a tube disposed in a pipe for feeding a liquid or paste-like fluid, the tube is placed through the pipe and one end is sealed. An inner tube for piping that is fed into the tube from the other end of the tube and inflates the tube so that the tube is brought into close contact with the inside of the pipe, and both ends of the tube are firmly fixed from the inside of the tube to the end of the pipe. An installation method has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 6).

"Polyethylene Technology Reader" by Kazuo Matsuura and Naotaka Mikami, published on July 1, 2001

Japanese Patent No. 5399478 JP 2010-006988 A JP 2013-011437 A JP-A-10-204668 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-093001 JP 2012-232512 A

As shown in Non-Patent Document 1, the polymer fouling is physically passed at a high speed, the protective layer is formed on the contact surface, the retention is prevented, and the antistatic agent is chemically added. It is thought that it can be solved by.
However, in reality, none of the polymer fouling countermeasures of Patent Documents 1 to 3 is incomplete, the cooling efficiency is reduced due to the occurrence of polymer fouling, or the flow path is narrowed due to polymer fouling, that is, Reduced flow remains a major obstacle for industry.

  On the other hand, in the techniques proposed by Patent Documents 4 and 5, the thin film or resin film already formed on the inner wall may be dissolved or peeled off due to a change in operating conditions or the like, and may be mixed into the newly formed polymer. It is extremely expensive and contains unacceptable problems in quality control.

  The technique proposed by Patent Document 6 is that it is extremely difficult to attach the inner tube stored in a flexible and wound state to the entire length of each cylindrical cylinder of the transfer device in which the cylindrical cylinders are bundled, for example, about 10 meters. It is judged that industrial implementation is practically impossible.

As a practical example of the occurrence of polymer furling confirmed by the present inventors, the polymer transfer cooling device has a circular cross section of 170 centimeters in diameter, an outer diameter of 25.4 millimeters, a wall thickness of 1.2 millimeters, and a length. A cylindrical tube bundle is formed by fixing approximately 1500 SUS304 cylindrical tubes of 10 meters at an equal pitch.
The entire cylindrical tube bundle is mounted in a pressure-resistant shell, and the refrigerant flows in between the cylindrical tube bundles by press-fitting the refrigerant from the lower inlet in the shell. The refrigerant flows around each cylindrical tube to cool the mixed solution of the solvent and the polymer in each cylindrical tube.

  The polymer that becomes supersaturated by cooling precipitates and separates from the solvent, and part of the polymer adheres to the tube wall and grows to form fouling. As a result, the liquid-solid mixed solution flows in a cylindrical tube with a narrow flow path, the flow rate of the constant pressure pump is reduced, and steady operation cannot be performed.

  That is, the polymer solution transfer cooling device described above is normally operated continuously for 24 hours. In that case, after about 6 months to 1 year, the polymer fouling deposited and deposited on the inner wall of the cylindrical tube increases progressively, and the flow of the polymer product solution is significantly hindered. As a result, the discharge amount of the constant pressure pump is reduced, and steady operating conditions cannot be ensured, and the operation of the cooling device must be stopped to remove the polymer fouling.

  On the other hand, when a metering pump is used, the discharge pressure rises, the pump motor becomes overloaded, and there is a risk of sudden stop.

In most cases in the industry, the removal work of the polymer furling of the polymer transfer device, which cannot be avoided by the prior art, is performed by high-pressure water washing.
In high-pressure water washing, high-pressure water pressurized by a reciprocating pump is jetted from a nozzle, and the polymer furling deposited by jet impact energy is peeled off from the tube wall, pulverized, discharged and removed.

  The value of the high pressure is, for example, also measured at a high pressure of 7 MPa to 30 MPa, an ultra high pressure of 30 MPa to 100 MPa, and an ultra ultra high pressure of 100 MPa to 250 MPa. According to the “Industrial Cleaning (High Pressure Cleaning Work) Safety and Health Management Guidelines” published by the Japan Cleaning Technology Skills Development Association, high pressure water cleaning is performed by a worker who has received a specific certification, and a supervisor is assigned to make it sturdy. Must make a good scaffold.

  In some cases, it takes two weeks or more for the cleaning of one polymer transfer cooling device from the installation of the scaffold to the end of the inspection. In addition, while the high-pressure water washing is being performed, the polymer production must be stopped, resulting in a loss of non-operation, which is a significant obstacle to industrial activities.

  This polymer transfer cooling device is a pressure vessel and is required to be regularly inspected according to regulations, that is, safety standards.

(Purpose of the idea)
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the heat exchange mixing device and the solution transfer cooling device in a polymer production line and the like that have not been solved by any of the prior arts, and is efficient for an object to be processed. It is an object to provide a heat exchange mixing device and a solution transfer cooling device capable of obtaining effects such as heat transfer to the substrate and stirring and mixing the object to be processed to significantly delay the accumulation of solids in the solution transfer cooling device. And

  The present invention further reduces the number of on-site workers in a short period of time by pulling out the spiral mixing member even when solids are accumulated in the heat exchange mixing device. And it aims at providing the heat exchange mixing apparatus and solution transfer cooling device which can remove a fouling deposit, without performing dangerous work, such as high-pressure water washing.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a heat exchange mixing device and a solution transfer cooling device that are less likely to cause undesirable polymer deposits or the like from adhering to a solution such as a produced liquid solid mixture.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a heat exchange mixing apparatus and a solution transfer cooling apparatus that are industrial waste emissions that are extremely small compared to the industrial waste emissions generated by the high-pressure water washing of the prior art. To do.

1st device arrange | positions the spiral mixing member of the width | variety substantially equal to the internal diameter of this heat exchange tube in a heat exchange tube,
The spiral mixing member is a spiral plate member having a waveform that travels in a substantially longitudinal direction, and a wave front of the waveform intersects with a center line of the spiral plate member at an angle other than a right angle. Device.

The second device is a solution transfer cooling device in which a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in parallel with each other inside the refrigerant shell.
A spiral mixing member having a width substantially equal to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is disposed in the heat exchange tube,
The spiral mixing member is a spiral plate member having a waveform that travels in a substantially longitudinal direction, and the wave front of the waveform intersects with a center line of the spiral plate member at an angle other than a right angle. Device.

The third device is a polymer production apparatus having a polymerization reaction device and a cooling flow path unit connected to a polymerization product outlet part of the polymerization reaction device and having a heat exchange function,
The cooling flow path portion is formed by arranging a plurality of heat exchange tubes in parallel with each other inside the refrigerant shell,
A spiral mixing member having a width substantially equal to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is disposed in the heat exchange tube,
The spiral mixing member is a spiral plate member having a waveform that advances in a substantially longitudinal direction, and a wave front of the waveform intersects with a center line of the spiral plate member at an angle other than a right angle. Device.

Embodiments of the present invention are as follows.
In the present invention, the corrugated wavefront extends linearly over the entire width of the spiral mixing member.
In the present invention, the wavefront of the waveform is inclined toward the downstream side from the center line toward the edge.
In the present invention, the peak portion of the corrugated shape is line symmetric with respect to a center line of the spiral mixing member.
In the present invention, the spiral mixing member is made of a stainless alloy.
In the present invention, the spiral mixing member is made of an aluminum alloy.
In the present invention, the spiral mixing member is made of a copper alloy.
In the present invention, the spiral mixing member is made of a titanium alloy.
In the present invention, the spiral mixing member is made of a nickel alloy.

According to the heat exchange mixing device and the solution transfer cooling device of the present invention, the flow of the object to be processed hits the corrugated wavefront at an angle other than a right angle. When the flow of the object to be processed hits the corrugated wave front at a right angle, the flow of the object to be processed is decelerated at the portion behind the corrugation, that is, the back side (downstream side) of the corrugated peak. As a result, in principle, the transmission speed decreases, and a solid component or a portion with high viscosity and high viscosity in the processing target portion is accumulated and accumulated on the back side of the peak portion of the waveform, which may cause furling.
When the flow of the workpiece hits the corrugated wavefront at an angle other than a right angle as in the present invention, the flow on the back side of the corrugated peak is directed to the inner surface of the heat exchange tube, that is, inclined with respect to the center line of the spiral mixing member A vector is generated, and the object to be processed flows toward the inner surface of the heat exchange tube on the back side of the corrugated crest, and a solid component and a portion having a high specific gravity and a high specific gravity stay on the back side of the corrugated peak. There is less fear.
The vector of the object to be processed toward the inner surface of the heat exchange tube also acts to remove the furling on the inner surface of the heat exchange tube.

  Therefore, according to the exchange mixing device and the solution transfer cooling device of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently transfer heat to the object to be processed and to stir and mix the object to be processed, thereby significantly delaying the accumulation of solids in the apparatus. A heat exchange mixing device and a solution transfer cooling device that can obtain the effect can be configured.

  According to the heat exchange mixing device and the solution transfer cooling device of the present invention, and also when solids are accumulated in the heat exchange mixing device, the work equipment is much simpler than the conventional technology and compared with the conventional technology. Heat exchange mixing device and solution transfer cooling device that can remove fouling deposits in a short time by a small number of field workers and without performing dangerous work such as high-pressure water washing by a very simple work facility Can be configured.

  According to the heat exchange mixing device and the solution transfer cooling device of the present invention, the heat exchange mixing device and the solution transfer cooling that are less likely to cause undesirable polymer adhering tube adhering to the solution such as the generated liquid solid mixture. A device can be configured.

  According to the heat exchange mixing device and the solution transfer cooling device of the present invention, the heat exchange mixing device that is an industrial waste discharge amount that is extremely small compared to the industrial waste discharge amount generated by the high pressure water cleaning of the prior art. And a solution transfer cooling device.

  According to the heat exchange mixing device and the solution transfer cooling device of the present invention, furthermore, there is no possibility that undesirable impurities such as existing polymer adhering to the inner surface of the pipe are mixed into the transferred cooling fluid such as a newly generated polymer solution. An effect can be obtained.

  According to the heat exchange mixing device and the solution transfer cooling device of the present invention, it is possible to obtain an effect that the discharge of industrial waste is extremely small as compared with the conventional high-pressure water washing technique.

The heat exchange mixing device and the solution transfer cooling device of the present invention can be suitably implemented as a solution in the process of physical operation such as chemical operation such as polymerization reaction, cross-linking reaction, desolvation, and mixing in the production of the polymer. Transfer. Further, the present invention can also be applied to solution transfer during physical operation processes such as mixing of a polymer and other components in the production of a composition mainly composed of a polymer such as paint and adhesive, and other solvents.
The present invention includes, for example, (meth) acrylate polymers such as poly (meth) methyl acrylate, poly (meth) ethyl acrylate, poly (meth) butyl acrylate, urethane polymers, vinyl chloride heavy polymers. Applied to solution transfer during the production of polymers such as polymers, vinylidene chloride polymers, SBR, vinyl acetate polymers, or copolymers of monomers constituting these, such as urethane emulsions and acrylic emulsions. It can be preferably applied to solution transfer in

It is the front view partially cut open of the solution transfer cooling device of a 1st embodiment. It is sectional drawing along line II-II of FIG. It is a top view of the material of the spiral mixing member of the heat exchange mixing apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the heat exchange tube of the heat exchange mixing apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the heat exchange tube of the heat exchange mixing apparatus of 2nd Embodiment. It is manufacture explanatory drawing of the spiral mixing member of the heat exchange mixing apparatus of 2nd Embodiment. It is a partial expanded explanatory view of the spiral heat exchange mixing apparatus member of the heat exchange mixing apparatus of 2nd Embodiment.

(First embodiment)
A solution transfer cooling apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. All numerical values in the description of the embodiments are examples.

  The solution transfer cooling device 1 is a shell-and-tube type device having a heat exchange function and used for a pressure vessel for carrying out a low pressure polymerization method in polyethylene. Three types of shell-and-tube heat exchangers are known: a fixed tube plate type, a floating head type, and a U-shaped tube type. The solution transfer cooling device 1 is a floating head type, and absorbs the expansion and contraction of the long heat exchange tube due to the high temperature and high pressure of the heat exchange fluid by the movement of the floating skull.

As shown in FIG. 1, the solution transfer cooling device 1 forms a heat exchange fluid chamber, that is, a solution chamber 14 and a refrigerant chamber 16 by dividing the body, that is, the inside of the refrigerant shell 10 by a heat exchange tube support plate 12. .
The solution chamber 14 containing the heat exchange fluid, that is, the object to be processed R, is formed by closing the end of the refrigerant shell 10 with the shell cover 20. In a portion of the refrigerant shell 10 where the solution chamber 14 is located, a solution inlet 22 is disposed on the lower side, and a solution outlet 24 is formed on the upper side. The solution chamber 14 is divided into a lower solution chamber high temperature portion 14 a and a lower solution chamber low temperature portion 14 b by a partition plate 40.
Examples of the solution R include a solution of normal hexane and a polymer.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the coolant chamber 16 that stores the coolant W such as cooling water is closed at the end of the shell 10 by a coolant chamber lid 30. For example, about 2000 heat exchange tubes 102 are arranged in parallel in the refrigerant shell 10. In the refrigerant chamber 16, an idle skull 34 is disposed on the opposite side of the tube sheet 12. A baffle plate 36 for agitating the refrigerant W is disposed in the refrigerant chamber 16.

The heat exchange tube 102 has a refrigerant circulation portion length of 10 meters, an outer diameter of 25.4 millimeters, a wall thickness of 2.0 millimeters, and an inner diameter of 21.4 millimeters.
As shown in FIG. 4, the heat exchange tube 102 is fixed to the heat exchange tube support plate 12 fixed to the inside of the refrigerant shell 10 in the vicinity of both ends by welding 106.

  A spiral mixing member 120 is disposed inside each heat exchange tube 102. As shown in FIG. 3, the material of the spiral mixing member 120 is a corrugated belt member 120a. The corrugations run substantially in the longitudinal direction, but the wavefronts of the corrugations intersect at an angle other than a right angle with respect to the center line. The crossing angle is 10 ° to 70 °, preferably 20 ° to 50 °, more preferably 30 °.

  The corrugated belt member 120a is spirally twisted about the center line O, and becomes a spiral mixing member 120 as shown in FIG.

(Second Embodiment)
As shown in FIG. 5, a chopped spiral mixing member 202 c is arranged inside each of the heat exchange tubes 102. The width of the chopped spiral mixing member 202c is approximately equal to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube 102 and is 21.30 millimeters. As shown in FIG. 5, at least one end of the chopped spiral mixing member 202 c is caulked to adhere to the end of the heat exchange tube 102.

  As shown in FIG. 6A, the material of the chopped spiral mixing member 202c is a flat belt-like member 202a such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy, nickel alloy, etc. Manufactured by.

  As shown in FIG. 6 (b), the strip-shaped member 202a is subjected to corrugated processing in which, for example, a concavo-convex pattern that forms a sine curve is provided in the longitudinal direction, that is, the direction extending in the direction of the center line O, 202b. Repeated unevenness is bent at the center line O in a U-shape. The wave surface of the repeatedly uneven surface intersects with the central axis O at an angle other than a right angle and extends linearly.

  As shown in FIG. 6C, the corrugated plate member 202b has a cut region 100 formed therein. A portion of the corrugated plate member 202 b excluding the cut region 100 is a full width region 102. In the cut region 100, a pair of cuts 104 extending from both edges of the corrugated plate member 202b to the center line O are formed at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction.

  As shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 7, the chopped region 100 has a corrugated plate member 202b on one side in the longitudinal direction of the chopped region 100, for example, the upstream right half on the upstream side is AR, and the upstream left half is AL. . The right half of the cut region 100 is BR and the left half is BL. The downstream right half on the downstream side is CR, and the downstream left half is CL.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 6D, the cut region 100 is bent on the center line O so that the right half BR and the left half BL are orthogonal to each other. In this folding, the upstream right half AR and the upstream left half are flush with AL, the upstream right half AR and the right half BR of the cut region 100 are flush, and the downstream right half CR and downstream left half are flush with CL. The same plane of the downstream right half CL and the left half BL of the cut region 100 is maintained.

  Each full width region 102 is then twisted, typically 90 °, about the centerline. This twist angle can be set to an angle other than 90 ° in consideration of the specific gravity and viscosity of the object to be processed, the specific gravity of the contained solid matter, etc., and efficient mixing and heat transfer can be performed.

R Workpiece W Refrigerant O Center line 1 Solution transfer cooling device 10 Refrigerant shell 12 Heat exchange tube support plate 14 Solution chamber 16 Refrigerant chamber 20 Shell cover 22 Solution inlet 24 Solution outlet 30 Refrigerant chamber lid 100 Cut region 102 Full width region 104 Cut

Claims (19)

A helical mixing member having a width substantially equal to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is disposed in the heat exchange tube,
The spiral mixing member is a spiral plate member having a waveform that travels in a substantially longitudinal direction, and a wave front of the waveform intersects with a center line of the spiral plate member at an angle other than a right angle. apparatus. In the solution transfer cooling device in which a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in parallel with each other inside the refrigerant shell,
A spiral mixing member having a width substantially equal to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is disposed in the heat exchange tube,
The spiral mixing member is a spiral plate member having a waveform that travels in a substantially longitudinal direction, and the wave front of the waveform intersects with a center line of the spiral plate member at an angle other than a right angle. apparatus.   3. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the corrugated wavefront extends linearly across the entire width of the helical mixing member.   The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wavefront of the waveform is inclined downstream from the center line toward the edge.   The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the corrugated crest is axisymmetric with respect to a center line of the spiral mixing member.   The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spiral mixing member is made of a stainless alloy.   The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spiral mixing member is made of an aluminum alloy.   The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spiral mixing member is made of a copper alloy.   The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spiral mixing member is made of a titanium alloy.   The device according to claim 1, wherein the spiral mixing member is made of a nickel alloy. A polymer production apparatus having a polymerization reaction apparatus and a cooling flow path section connected to a polymerization product outlet section of the polymerization reaction apparatus and having a heat exchange function,
The cooling flow path portion is formed by arranging a plurality of heat exchange tubes in parallel with each other inside the refrigerant shell,
A spiral mixing member having a width substantially equal to the inner diameter of the heat exchange tube is disposed in the heat exchange tube,
The spiral mixing member is a spiral plate member having a waveform that advances in a substantially longitudinal direction, and a wave front of the waveform intersects with a center line of the spiral plate member at an angle other than a right angle. apparatus.   12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the corrugated wavefront extends linearly across the entire width of the spiral mixing member.   The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wavefront of the waveform is inclined downstream from the center line toward the edge.   The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the corrugated peak is axisymmetric with respect to a centerline of the spiral mixing member.   The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the spiral mixing member is made of stainless steel.   The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the spiral mixing member is made of an aluminum alloy.   The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the spiral mixing member is made of a copper alloy.   The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the spiral mixing member is made of a titanium alloy.   The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the spiral mixing member is made of a nickel alloy.

Images