JP3202532B2 - Film damage detection method and device - Google Patents
Film damage detection method and deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP3202532B2 JP3202532B2 JP08464295A JP8464295A JP3202532B2 JP 3202532 B2 JP3202532 B2 JP 3202532B2 JP 08464295 A JP08464295 A JP 08464295A JP 8464295 A JP8464295 A JP 8464295A JP 3202532 B2 JP3202532 B2 JP 3202532B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- water
- filtration device
- permeated water
- sample
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、原水を膜により濾過し
て透過水を得る膜式濾過装置の膜破損を検出する装置に
関し、更に詳細には膜式濾過装置の膜の破損を最小限の
時間遅れで検出するようにした信頼性の高い膜破損検出
装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for detecting membrane breakage of a membrane filtration apparatus that obtains permeated water by filtering raw water through a membrane, and more particularly to a membrane filtration apparatus that minimizes damage to the membrane of the membrane filtration apparatus. The present invention relates to a highly reliable film breakage detection device that detects a time lag.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】精密濾過膜、限外濾過膜或いは逆浸透膜
等の膜により原水を濾過して微粒子含有率の低い清澄な
透過水を得る方法は、比較的簡単かつコンパクトな構成
の設備で目的とする清澄な水を得ることができることか
ら、現在盛んに使用されている。例えば、従来、沈降分
離法により処理されていた上水の前処理段階でも、上述
の膜を使用して原水を濾過する膜式濾過装置が使用され
ている。また、純水装置でもイオン交換樹脂によるイオ
ン除去処理の前に膜を使用して微粒子を除去する膜式濾
過装置が使用されている。2. Description of the Related Art A method of filtering raw water through a membrane such as a microfiltration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane to obtain clear permeated water having a low content of fine particles is relatively simple and compact. It can be used to obtain the desired clear water, and is currently used extensively. For example, in a pretreatment stage of tap water conventionally treated by a sedimentation separation method, a membrane filtration device that filters raw water using the above-described membrane is used. Further, even in a pure water apparatus, a membrane type filtration apparatus for removing fine particles using a membrane before an ion removal treatment by an ion exchange resin is used.
【０００３】ところで、浄水装置、或いは純水装置に膜
式濾過装置を使用した場合、膜の破損及びその他の原因
により本来除去されるべき微粒子が透過水中に混入する
と言う、いわゆる透過水の汚染と言う問題がある。膜の
破損としては、例えば膜の切断、部分的な裂傷、細菌等
による侵食、分解による孔食等の種類があり、その他の
原因としては、例えば膜式濾過装置内にある膜の支持機
構等の接続部分での漏洩等を言う。以下、これらの他の
透過水汚染の原因を含めて膜の破損と総称する。また、
微粒子とは、無機及び有機の固形物、細菌、バクテリア
及びそれらの死骸等、特に性状、形状に制約されること
なく原水中に懸濁ないし浮遊する微細な粒子を言う。[0003] When a membrane filter is used in a water purification device or a pure water device, the so-called permeated water is contaminated by the fact that fine particles to be originally removed are mixed into the permeated water due to breakage of the membrane and other causes. There is a problem to say. The damage to the membrane includes, for example, cutting of the membrane, partial tearing, erosion by bacteria, and pitting due to decomposition, and other causes include, for example, a support mechanism of the membrane in a membrane filtration device. Leakage etc. at the connection part. Hereinafter, the damage of the membrane including these other causes of the permeated water contamination will be collectively referred to as membrane breakage. Also,
Fine particles refer to inorganic and organic solids, bacteria, bacteria and their dead bodies, and the like, and are fine particles that are suspended or suspended in raw water without being particularly limited in properties and shapes.
【０００４】透過水が汚染されると、処理水質の低下や
後続の装置の目詰まり等の問題が発生するので、膜の破
損を早期に発見して膜を交換あるいは補修することが必
要になる。ところで、膜の破損を直接的に検出すること
は、例えば目視検査により検出することは、膜の種類、
膜モジュールの型式、破損の程度、破損の場所にもよる
が、事実上極めて困難であり、特に部分的な裂傷、孔食
の場合には難しい。そこで、従来、膜の破損を検出する
ための方法として、間接的な方法が採用されている。If the permeated water is contaminated, problems such as a decrease in the quality of treated water and clogging of the subsequent equipment occur. Therefore, it is necessary to detect damage to the membrane at an early stage and replace or repair the membrane. . By the way, to directly detect the damage of the film, for example, to detect by visual inspection, the type of film,
Depending on the type of membrane module, the extent of the damage and the location of the damage, it is practically extremely difficult, especially in the case of partial tears and pitting. Therefore, an indirect method is conventionally used as a method for detecting breakage of a film.
【０００５】間接的な方法の第１は、図７に示すよう
に、膜式濾過装置１６の透過水を後段に設けた別の膜破
損検出用膜モジュール７２で濾過し、膜モジュール７２
の膜間差圧の上昇傾向を差圧計７４で監視する。膜間差
圧の上昇傾向が通常の傾向より著しい時、膜式濾過装置
の膜が破損したと判定する方法である。図７中、１８は
原水タンク、２０は原水を膜式濾過装置１６に送水する
送水ポンプ及び２２、７６はそれぞれ膜式濾過装置１６
及び破損検出用膜モジュール７２の濃縮水リターンライ
ンである。第２の方法は、図８に示すように、膜式濾過
装置１６の透過水中の微粒子数を微粒子計１４により計
数し、その微粒子数が設定数を越えた時、膜が破損した
と判定する方法である。[0005] As a first indirect method, as shown in FIG. 7, the permeated water of the membrane filtration device 16 is filtered by another membrane damage detection membrane module 72 provided at the subsequent stage, and the membrane water is filtered.
Is monitored by the differential pressure gauge 74. When the increasing tendency of the transmembrane pressure difference is more remarkable than the normal tendency, it is a method of judging that the membrane of the membrane type filtration device has been damaged. In FIG. 7, 18 is a raw water tank, 20 is a water pump for feeding raw water to the membrane filter 16, and 22 and 76 are the membrane filter 16, respectively.
And a concentrated water return line of the membrane module 72 for damage detection. In the second method, as shown in FIG. 8, the number of fine particles in the permeated water of the membrane filtration device 16 is counted by the fine particle meter 14, and when the number of fine particles exceeds the set number, it is determined that the membrane is damaged. Is the way.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、第１の方法で
は、膜式濾過装置の膜が破損していない状態でも、何ら
かの原因により膜破損検出用膜モジュールの膜間差圧が
著しく上昇する場合があり、逆に破損している状態であ
っても、膜間差圧が殆ど上昇しない、または膜間差圧が
そうと認められるほど急激には上昇しない場合があり、
膜破損の判断基準の設定が難しい。また、第２の方法で
は、膜面積の大きい大型膜モジュールを用いたり、或い
は多数個の膜モジュールを並列に配置したりした大型膜
式濾過装置の場合、例え膜が破損していても、膜破損箇
所から漏出した微粒子が破損していない膜から流出する
大量の透過水によって希釈されるため、微粒子計で微粒
子数の増加を検出することが難しい。また、原水に含ま
れる微粒子数が少ない場合、例え膜が破損していても、
透過水中の微粒子数が本来極めて少ないため、微粒子数
の増加を検出することが難しい。以上のように、従来の
いずれの方法も、膜破損の検出について確実性及び信頼
性が乏しく、また時間遅れがあってその間の透過水の汚
染を防ぐことが出来ないと言う理由から、実用上、満足
できる方法ではない。However, in the first method, even when the membrane of the membrane type filtration device is not damaged, the transmembrane pressure of the membrane module for detecting a membrane breakage significantly increases for some reason. There is, on the contrary, even in a damaged state, the transmembrane pressure may hardly rise, or the transmembrane pressure may not rise so rapidly as to be recognized,
It is difficult to set criteria for determining film damage. In the second method, in the case of using a large-sized membrane module having a large membrane area or a large-sized membrane-type filtration device in which a large number of membrane modules are arranged in parallel, even if the membrane is damaged, Since the fine particles leaked from the damaged portion are diluted by a large amount of permeated water flowing out from the undamaged membrane, it is difficult to detect an increase in the number of fine particles with a fine particle meter. Also, if the number of fine particles contained in the raw water is small, even if the membrane is damaged,
Since the number of fine particles in the permeated water is inherently extremely small, it is difficult to detect an increase in the number of fine particles. As described above, any of the conventional methods has a low reliability and reliability in detecting membrane breakage, and has a time delay, so that contamination of permeated water during that time cannot be prevented. Not in a satisfactory way.
【０００７】そこで、以上の状況に照らして、本発明の
目的は、大型の膜式濾過装置であっても、原水中の微粒
子数が少ない場合であっても、膜式濾過装置の膜の破損
を確実にかつ時間遅れなく検出できる信頼性の高い膜破
損検出方法及び装置を提供することである。[0007] In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a membrane filter of a membrane type that can be used in a large-sized membrane type filter or in the case where the number of fine particles in raw water is small. Is to provide a highly reliable film damage detection method and apparatus capable of reliably and without time delay.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、目的に適う
膜破損検出方法及び装置を実現するに当たり、従来の方
法の問題を検討した結果、膜式濾過装置の透過水の水質
を直接計測し、膜破損を検出することは技術的に難しい
と考えた。それは、仮に膜破損が発生していても、膜破
損により透過水の水質に生じる影響は、多量の透過水に
よって希薄化され、その影響を既知の計測方法では計測
できないからである。換言すれば、水質の計測対象、例
えば単位体積当たりの微粒子数が多量の透過水により希
釈されるため、計測対象を正確に計測することが既知の
計測方法では技術的に難しいからである。そこで、透過
水を更に膜濾過して濃縮水を得ることにより、水質の計
測対象を濃縮することに注目し、研究の末、本発明を完
成するに到った。Means for Solving the Problems In order to realize a membrane damage detection method and apparatus suitable for the purpose, the present inventor studied the problems of the conventional method and as a result, directly measured the quality of the permeated water of the membrane filtration device. However, it was considered technically difficult to detect film damage. This is because, even if the membrane is damaged, the effect on the water quality of the permeated water due to the membrane damage is diluted by a large amount of permeated water, and the effect cannot be measured by a known measurement method. In other words, because the measurement target of water quality, for example, the number of fine particles per unit volume is diluted by a large amount of permeated water, it is technically difficult to accurately measure the measurement target by a known measurement method. Therefore, the present inventors have paid attention to concentrating an object of water quality measurement by obtaining concentrated water by further permeating water through membrane filtration, and have completed the present invention after research.
【０００９】上記目的を達成するために、上述の知見に
基づき、本発明に係る膜破損検出方法は、原水を膜によ
り濾過して透過水を得る膜式濾過装置から流出した透過
水の一部ないし全量を膜で更に濾過して膜を透過する２
次透過水と膜を透過することなく流出する濃縮水とに分
離し、分離した濃縮水を試料として試料の清澄度合を示
す特定の因子を計測し、因子の計測値の時間的変化が予
定する時間的変動より急激である時、又は因子の計測値
が設定清澄度合より低い清澄度合に相当する値になった
時のいずれかの時、膜式濾過装置の膜が破損したと判定
することを特徴としている。In order to achieve the above object, based on the above findings, a method for detecting membrane breakage according to the present invention provides a method for detecting a part of permeated water flowing out of a membrane type filtration apparatus for filtering raw water through a membrane to obtain permeated water. Or the whole amount is further filtered through the membrane and permeated through the membrane 2
Separate into the permeated water and the concentrated water flowing out without passing through the membrane, and use the separated concentrated water as a sample to measure a specific factor that indicates the degree of clarity of the sample. It is determined that the membrane of the membrane filtration device has been damaged when the time is sharper than the time variation or when the measured value of the factor becomes a value corresponding to the clarity lower than the set clarity. Features.
【００１０】本発明は、膜式濾過装置の膜が破損する
と、透過水に微粒子が漏出するため、透過水を濃縮した
試料濃縮水中の微粒子の含有率が急激に増大し、直ちに
濃縮水の清澄度合が急速に低下する事実に基づいてい
る。即ち、濃縮水の清澄度合を示す特定の因子を計測
し、その因子の計測値の時間的な変化が予定する時間的
変動より急激である時、または因子の計測値が設定清澄
度合より低い清澄度合に相当する値になった時、膜式濾
過装置に膜破損が生じたと判定することができる。ここ
で、清澄度合を示す因子の計測値の時間的変化とは、試
料測定の経過時間に対する清澄度合を示す因子の計測値
の変化を言い、膜式濾過装置の膜が破損していない状態
でも清澄度合には多少の時間的変動があるので、本発明
で言う予定する時間的変動とは、膜式濾過装置の膜が破
損していない状態での時間的変化を言う。また、設定清
澄度合とは膜式濾過装置に膜破損が生じていない時の清
澄度合を言う。According to the present invention, when the membrane of the membrane filtration device is broken, fine particles leak into the permeated water, so that the content of the fine particles in the sample concentrated water obtained by concentrating the permeated water rapidly increases, and the concentrated water is immediately clarified. It is based on the fact that the degree decreases rapidly. That is, a specific factor indicating the degree of clarification of the concentrated water is measured, and when the temporal change in the measured value of the factor is sharper than a predetermined temporal change, or when the measured value of the factor is lower than the set clarity degree When the value reaches the value corresponding to the degree, it can be determined that the membrane is damaged in the membrane type filtration device. Here, the temporal change of the measured value of the factor indicating the degree of clarity refers to a change in the measured value of the factor indicating the degree of clarity with respect to the elapsed time of the sample measurement, even in a state where the membrane of the membrane filtration device is not damaged. Since there is some temporal variation in the degree of clarification, the term "temporal variation" referred to in the present invention refers to a temporal variation in a state where the membrane of the membrane type filtration device is not broken. The set clarity refers to the clarity when the membrane filter is not damaged.
【００１１】濃縮水の清澄度合は、特定の因子に注目し
て間接的に計測され、その方法としては、前述のような
微粒子の数を計数する方法もその一つであるが、この他
に例えば（１）濃縮水の濁度を測定することにより、清
澄度合を計測する手法、（２）濃縮水のＦＩ（Fouling
Index)値を測定することにより、濃縮水の清澄度合を計
測する手法、及び（３）濃縮水を更に膜濾過器で濾過す
ることにより、濃縮水の清澄度合を計測する手法の３つ
を挙げることができる。The clarification degree of the concentrated water is indirectly measured by paying attention to a specific factor, and one of the methods is to count the number of fine particles as described above. For example, (1) a method of measuring the degree of clarity by measuring the turbidity of the concentrated water, (2) FI (Fouling) of the concentrated water
(Index) The method of measuring the degree of clarification of the concentrated water by measuring the value, and (3) the method of measuring the degree of clarification of the concentrated water by further filtering the concentrated water with a membrane filter. be able to.
【００１２】第１の手法では、濃縮水の濁度を測定し、
濁度の計測値の時間的な変化が予定する時間的変動より
急激である時、或いは計測値が所定値以上の値になった
時に、膜式濾過装置に膜破損が発生したと判定する。使
用する濁度計については、特に限定は無いが、極めて低
濁度の水でも測定できる精度の良い濁度計を使用するの
が良く、具体的には濁度を約０．０１度以下まで測定で
きる精度を有する濁度計、即ち０．０１ＮＴＵ以下の精
度の濁度計を使用するのが望ましい。このような濁度計
としては、例えばＨＡＣＨ社製の低レンジ濁度計１７２
０Ｃ型（散乱光方式の濁度計、精度０．０００１ＮＴ
Ｕ）がある。また、濃縮水の濁度測定にａ）透過光方
式、ｂ）散乱光方式、ｃ）積分球方式又はｄ）表面散乱
光方式等の光電光度法による濁度計を使用すると、オン
ラインでリアルタイムに濁度を測定できるので、膜式濾
過装置の膜破損を時間遅れなく測定できる利点がある。In the first method, the turbidity of the concentrated water is measured,
When the temporal change of the measured turbidity value is sharper than a predetermined temporal change, or when the measured value becomes a value equal to or more than a predetermined value, it is determined that the membrane filter device has been damaged. The turbidity meter to be used is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a turbidity meter with high accuracy that can measure even extremely low turbidity water. It is desirable to use a turbidimeter having a measurable accuracy, that is, a turbidimeter having an accuracy of 0.01 NTU or less. As such a turbidity meter, for example, a low range turbidity meter 172 manufactured by HACH
Type 0C (scattered light turbidity meter, precision 0.0001NT
U). In addition, when a turbidity meter based on a photoelectric photometric method such as a) a transmitted light method, b) a scattered light method, c) an integrating sphere method, or d) a surface scattered light method is used for measuring the turbidity of the concentrated water, the turbidity can be measured online and in real time. Since the turbidity can be measured, there is an advantage that the membrane breakage of the membrane type filtration device can be measured without time delay.
【００１３】第２の手法では、濃縮水のＦＩ値を測定
し、ＦＩ値の計測値の時間的な変化が予定する時間的変
動より急激である時、或いは計測値が所定値以上になっ
た時に、膜式濾過装置に膜破損が発生したと判定する。
ＦＩ値は、膜汚染係数、或いはＳＤＩ値とも称され、主
として水中に懸濁する物質の量、例えばシルト質の量に
対応する指数であって、ＦＩ値が大きい程、被検水の懸
濁物質量が多い。一般には、逆浸透膜の入口水質の良否
を判断する指数として使用されている。具体的には、孔
径０．４５μm の濾過膜を用いて被検水を濾過し、濾過
初期に所定量（例えば、５００ml）の濾過水を得るため
の時間を測定し、更に濾過を続けて５分及び１５分経過
後に、５００mlの濾過水を得るのに要する時間を測定
し、これらの測定した所要時間から所定の算出式に基づ
いてＦＩ値を算出する。In the second method, the FI value of the concentrated water is measured, and when the temporal change of the measured value of the FI value is sharper than a predetermined temporal change, or when the measured value exceeds a predetermined value. At times, it is determined that membrane breakage has occurred in the membrane type filtration device.
The FI value is also referred to as the membrane fouling coefficient or SDI value, and is an index mainly corresponding to the amount of a substance suspended in water, for example, the amount of silt. The larger the FI value, the more the sample water is suspended. Large amount of substance. Generally, it is used as an index for judging the quality of the inlet water quality of the reverse osmosis membrane. Specifically, the test water is filtered using a filtration membrane having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm, the time required to obtain a predetermined amount (for example, 500 ml) of filtered water is measured at the beginning of the filtration, and the filtration is continued for 5 minutes. After the elapse of minutes and 15 minutes, the time required to obtain 500 ml of filtered water is measured, and the FI value is calculated from the measured required time based on a predetermined formula.
【００１４】第３の手法では、試料の濃縮水を更に膜濾
過する濃縮水濾過器を設け、濃縮水濾過器の一次側（入
口側）圧力、即ち試料濃縮水の圧力を測定するか、もし
くは膜間差圧、即ち一次側圧力と二次側圧力（濃縮水濾
過器の透過水の圧力）との圧力差を測定するか、又は濃
縮水濾過器の透過水量を測定する。膜破損検出対象の膜
式濾過装置に膜破損が生じた時、濃縮水中の微粒子の含
有率が増加し、その微粒子が濃縮水濾過器の膜に捕捉さ
れて膜を急激に目詰まりさせるため、１次側圧力が急激
に増大したり、或いは透過水の水量が急激に低下する。
この現象を検知して膜破損を検出する手法である。従っ
て、この手法では、一次側圧力あるいは膜間差圧の計測
値の時間的な変化（又は圧力上昇速度）が予定する時間
的変動（予定する圧力上昇速度）より急激である時、或
いは計測値が所定値以上になった時に、膜式濾過装置に
膜破損が発生したと判定する。従来から、膜濾過器を設
け、膜破損検出対象の膜式濾過装置の透過水を膜濾過
し、その膜間差圧の時間的変化を監視することにより、
膜式濾過装置の膜破損を検出しようとする試みは提案さ
れているが、本発明では、膜式濾過装置の透過水を一旦
膜式濃縮器で濃縮し、その濃縮水を試料として膜濾過す
ることにより、より確実にかつ時間遅れなく膜破損を検
出できる。In the third method, a concentrated water filter for membrane-filtering the concentrated water of the sample is further provided, and the pressure on the primary side (inlet side) of the concentrated water filter, that is, the pressure of the concentrated water of the sample is measured. The transmembrane pressure, that is, the pressure difference between the primary pressure and the secondary pressure (the pressure of the permeated water of the concentrated water filter) is measured, or the amount of the permeated water of the concentrated water filter is measured. When membrane breakage occurs in the membrane type filtration device targeted for membrane breakage detection, the content of fine particles in the concentrated water increases, and the fine particles are caught by the membrane of the concentrated water filter and rapidly clog the membrane, The primary pressure rapidly increases or the amount of permeated water rapidly decreases.
This is a technique for detecting film breakage by detecting this phenomenon. Therefore, in this method, when the temporal change (or the pressure increase rate) of the measured value of the primary side pressure or the transmembrane pressure is sharper than the predetermined temporal change (the planned pressure increase rate), or the measured value Is larger than a predetermined value, it is determined that a membrane breakage has occurred in the membrane type filtration device. Conventionally, by installing a membrane filter, membrane filtration of the permeated water of the membrane type filtration device of the membrane breakage detection target, and monitoring the temporal change of the transmembrane pressure difference,
Attempts to detect membrane breakage of the membrane filtration device have been proposed, but in the present invention, the permeated water of the membrane filtration device is once concentrated by a membrane concentrator, and the concentrated water is subjected to membrane filtration as a sample. This makes it possible to more reliably detect the damage to the film without delay.
【００１５】ここで、原水とは、膜式濾過装置に供給さ
れる水を言い、河川水、井戸水はもとより、工場廃水、
下水、回収水等の水を含む広い概念である。本発明方法
及び後述の発明方法は、膜式濾過装置の膜の種類、例え
ば精密濾過膜、限外濾過膜、逆浸透膜等の膜の種類及び
平膜、中空糸膜、スパイラル膜、プリーツ状膜等の膜の
形式を問わず適用できる。Here, the raw water refers to water supplied to the membrane type filtration device, and includes not only river water and well water but also factory wastewater.
This is a wide concept including water such as sewage and recovered water. The method of the present invention and the method of the present invention to be described later are based on the types of membranes of the membrane type filtration device, for example, types of membranes such as microfiltration membrane, ultrafiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane and flat membrane, hollow fiber membrane, spiral membrane, pleated membrane. It is applicable regardless of the type of film such as a film.
【００１６】更に、本発明者等は、前記従来の微粒子計
による微粒子数の計数方法を検討した結果、従来の方法
は微粒子数の比較的少ない透過水を直接計測しているた
めに、膜破損の検出が難しく、また例え検出できたとし
ても時間遅れが生じているのではないかと考えた。そこ
で、微粒子計で計数し易い方法を見い出すべく鋭意研究
した結果、膜破損を検出すべき膜式濾過装置から流出す
る透過水を濃縮し、これによって微粒子計で計数し易い
ように単位体積当たりの微粒子数を増加させることに着
目して、本発明を完成するに到った。Further, the present inventors have studied a method for counting the number of fine particles using the conventional fine particle meter. As a result, the conventional method directly measures permeated water having a relatively small number of fine particles. We thought that it was difficult to detect and that even if it could be detected, there was a time delay. Therefore, as a result of intensive research to find a method that is easy to count with a fine particle meter, the permeated water flowing out from the membrane type filtration device where membrane breakage is to be detected is concentrated. The present invention has been completed by focusing on increasing the number of fine particles.
【００１７】本発明に係る膜破損検出方法は、原水を膜
により濾過して透過水を得る膜式濾過装置から流出した
透過水の一部ないし全量を膜で更に濾過して膜を透過す
る２次透過水と膜を透過することなく流出する濃縮水と
に分離し、分離した濃縮水を試料として試料の単位体積
当たりの微粒子数を微粒子計により計数し、計数した微
粒子数に基づいて膜式濾過装置の膜が破損したことを判
定することを特徴とする膜式濾過装置の膜破損の検出方
法であり、具体的には計数した微粒子数の時間的変化が
予定する時間的変動より急激である時、又は計数した微
粒子数が設定値を越えた時のいずれかの時、膜式濾過装
置の膜が破損したと判定することを特徴としている。In the method for detecting membrane breakage according to the present invention, a part or the entire amount of permeated water flowing out of a membrane type filtration device for obtaining permeated water by filtering raw water through a membrane is further filtered through a membrane to permeate the membrane. The separated permeate and the concentrated water flowing out without passing through the membrane are separated, the separated concentrated water is used as a sample, and the number of fine particles per unit volume of the sample is counted by a fine particle meter. It is a method for detecting membrane damage of a membrane type filtration device, characterized in that it is determined that the membrane of the filtration device has been broken, specifically, the time change of the counted number of fine particles is sharper than a predetermined time change. It is characterized that it is determined that the membrane of the membrane type filtration device has been broken at any one of the times, or when the counted number of particles exceeds a set value.
【００１８】微粒子数の時間的変化とは、試料測定の経
過時間に対する微粒子数の変化を言い、膜式濾過装置の
膜が破損していない状態でも微粒子数には多少の時間的
変動がある。これは、例えば、後述の図２を例に挙げる
と、膜が破損した時点、即ち経過日数Ｔ以前の時間的変
動である。本発明で言う予定する時間的変動とは、膜式
濾過装置の膜が破損していない状態でのこの時間的変動
を言う。The temporal change in the number of fine particles refers to a change in the number of fine particles with respect to the elapsed time of sample measurement, and there is a slight temporal change in the number of fine particles even when the membrane of the membrane filter is not damaged. This is, for example, the temporal fluctuation at the time when the film is broken, that is, before the elapsed time T, taking FIG. 2 described below as an example. The term "temporal fluctuation" referred to in the present invention refers to this temporal fluctuation when the membrane of the membrane type filtration device is not broken.
【００１９】上述の本発明方法を実施するための本発明
に係る膜破損検出装置は、原水を膜により濾過して透過
水を得る膜式濾過装置の膜破損を検出する装置であっ
て、膜モジュールを備えて、膜式濾過装置から出た透過
水の一部ないし全量を濾過し、膜を透過する２次透過水
と膜を透過することなく膜モジュールから流出する濃縮
水とに分離する膜式濃縮器と、膜式濃縮器から流出する
濃縮水を試料として試料中の微粒子数を計数する微粒子
計とを備えることを特徴としている。The membrane damage detecting apparatus according to the present invention for carrying out the above-described method of the present invention is an apparatus for detecting membrane damage of a membrane type filtration apparatus for filtering raw water through a membrane to obtain permeated water. A membrane that includes a module and filters a part or the entire amount of permeated water that has flowed out of a membrane type filtration device, and separates it into secondary permeated water that permeates the membrane and concentrated water that flows out of the membrane module without passing through the membrane. It is characterized by comprising a type concentrator and a fine particle meter for counting the number of fine particles in the sample using concentrated water flowing out from the membrane type concentrator as a sample.
【００２０】本発明で言う膜式濾過装置の膜とは、濾過
作用又は分離作用を行う膜である限り特に限定はなく、
例えば精密濾過膜、限外濾過膜及び逆浸透膜等の膜を言
う。また、膜の形式についても制約はなく、例えば平
膜、中空糸膜、スパイラル膜、プリーツ状膜のいずれで
も良い。The membrane of the membrane type filtration apparatus referred to in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a membrane which performs a filtering action or a separating action.
For example, it refers to a membrane such as a microfiltration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, and a reverse osmosis membrane. The type of the membrane is not limited, and may be any of a flat membrane, a hollow fiber membrane, a spiral membrane, and a pleated membrane.
【００２１】膜式濃縮器に使用する膜モジュールの膜孔
径は、膜式濾過装置に用いられている膜モジュールの膜
孔径以上のものでも、それより小さいものでも良いが、
膜式濾過装置の膜孔径より小さいものを使用すると膜式
濃縮器が早期に目詰まりすることとなるので好ましくな
く、好適には膜式濾過装置の膜孔径と同等もしくはそれ
より多少孔径の大きな膜モジュールを使用するのが良
い。なお、膜式濃縮器の膜として膜式透過装置の膜の孔
径より多少大きな孔径のものを使用してもよい理由は以
下のごとくである。すなわち、膜式濾過装置の膜が破損
した時には、この膜の孔径以上の微粒子が漏出するよう
になるので、膜式濃縮器の膜の孔径が多少大きくてもこ
のような微粒子を阻止することができ、その結果、濃縮
水中の微粒子の数が通常時より増加するからである。The membrane pore size of the membrane module used in the membrane concentrator may be larger or smaller than the membrane pore size of the membrane module used in the membrane filtration device.
It is not preferable to use a membrane filter having a membrane diameter smaller than the membrane pore diameter of the membrane filter, because the membrane concentrator is clogged at an early stage, and is preferably a membrane having a pore diameter equal to or slightly larger than the membrane pore diameter of the membrane filtration apparatus. Good to use modules. The reason why the membrane of the membrane concentrator may have a pore diameter slightly larger than that of the membrane of the membrane permeation apparatus is as follows. That is, when the membrane of the membrane filtration device is broken, fine particles larger than the pore size of the membrane will leak out, so that even if the pore size of the membrane of the membrane concentrator is somewhat large, such fine particles can be prevented. This is because, as a result, the number of fine particles in the concentrated water increases more than usual.
【００２２】膜式濃縮器の膜モジュールの膜面積は、通
常膜式濾過装置の膜モジュールの膜面積と同等あるいは
それより小さくて良く、特に膜式濾過装置から流出する
透過水の一部を透過するようにした場合は、微粒子計の
仕様にもよるが、微粒子計による微粒子数の計数に必要
な流量、例えば５０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ以上の流量の濃縮水を
得ることができるような膜面積であれば良い。The membrane area of the membrane module of the membrane concentrator may be equal to or smaller than the membrane area of the membrane module of the membrane filtration device. In this case, depending on the specifications of the fine particle meter, if the flow rate is necessary for counting the number of fine particles by the fine particle meter, for example, if the membrane area is such that concentrated water having a flow rate of 50 ml / min or more can be obtained. good.
【００２３】本発明で使用する微粒子計には、試料を濾
紙で濾過し、濾紙上の微粒子数を走査型電子顕微鏡又は
透過型電子顕微鏡で計数する方法による微粒子計と、光
散乱式、光回折式、光遮断式等の光学的微粒子計とがあ
り、いずれも市販のものを使用できる。電子顕微鏡によ
る微粒子計はバッチ式であるが、光学的微粒子計は、バ
ッチ式にも連続式にも使用することができる。微粒子数
の計数は、間欠的に行うとその間に膜破損が起きて時間
遅れが発生する恐れがあるので、好適には光学的微粒子
計を使用して連続的に行うのが良い。The fine particle meter used in the present invention includes a method in which a sample is filtered with a filter paper and the number of fine particles on the filter paper is counted with a scanning electron microscope or a transmission electron microscope. And a light-blocking type optical fine particle meter, and any commercially available one can be used. The particle size meter using an electron microscope is of a batch type, but the optical particle size meter can be used in either a batch type or a continuous type. The counting of the number of fine particles is preferably performed continuously using an optical fine particle meter, because intermittent counting may cause a film breakage during the counting and a time delay.
【００２４】また、大型膜式濾過装置用の本発明に係る
膜破損検出装置は、複数個の並列に配置された第１の膜
モジュールを備え、第１の膜モジュールの膜により原水
を濾過して透過水を得るようにした膜式濾過装置の膜破
損を検出する膜破損検出装置であって、膜破損検出装置
は、第２の膜モジュールを１個備え、膜式濾過装置から
出た透過水の一部を濾過し、膜を透過する２次透過水と
膜を透過することなく第２の膜モジュールから流出する
濃縮水とに分離する膜式濃縮器と、膜式濃縮器から流出
する濃縮水を試料として試料中の微粒子数を計数する微
粒子計と、膜式濾過装置の第１の膜モジュールの各々と
膜式濃縮器とを接続して第１膜モジュールの各々から透
過水を導入する導水配管系とを有し、導水配管系は、第
１膜モジュールの各々の透過水出口管に設けられて、透
過水を膜式濃縮器に導水する経路と透過水を膜式濾過装
置の系外に流出させる経路とに切換える切換弁と、各切
換弁を自動的にシーケンス制御して、一の第１の膜モジ
ュールの透過水を膜式濃縮器に導水している時には、他
の第１の膜モジュールの透過水を膜式濾過装置の系外に
流出させるように各切換弁を制御する制御装置とを備え
たことを特徴としている。Further, the membrane breakage detection device according to the present invention for a large-sized membrane type filtration device includes a plurality of first membrane modules arranged in parallel, and filters raw water by the membrane of the first membrane module. A membrane breakage detecting device for detecting a membrane breakage of a membrane type filtration device configured to obtain permeated water, wherein the membrane damage detection device includes one second membrane module, and is provided with a second membrane module. A membrane concentrator for filtering a part of the water and separating it into secondary permeated water permeating through the membrane and concentrated water flowing out of the second membrane module without permeating the membrane, and flowing out of the membrane concentrator A fine particle meter for counting the number of fine particles in the sample using the concentrated water as a sample is connected to each of the first membrane modules of the membrane type filtration device and the membrane type concentrator to introduce permeated water from each of the first membrane modules. And a water conveyance piping system, wherein the water conveyance piping system is provided for the first membrane module. A switching valve provided at each permeated water outlet pipe to switch between a path for introducing permeated water to a membrane concentrator and a path for allowing permeated water to flow out of the system of the membrane filtration device, and automatically operates each switching valve. When the permeated water of one first membrane module is guided to the membrane concentrator, the permeated water of the other first membrane module is caused to flow out of the system of the membrane filtration device. And a control device for controlling each switching valve.
【００２５】[0025]
【作用】請求項１の発明では、膜式濾過装置から流出し
た透過水の一部ないし全量を膜で更に濾過して膜を透過
する２次透過水と膜を透過することなく流出する濃縮水
とに分離し、濃縮されて清澄度合の低い濃縮水を試料に
する。試料の清澄度合を計測し、計測した清澄度合の時
間的変化が予定する時間的変動より急激である時、又は
計測した清澄度合が設定清澄度合より低くなった時のい
ずれかの時、膜式濾過装置の膜が破損したと判定するこ
とにより、膜式濾過装置の膜破損を確実にかつ時間遅れ
なく検出することができる。According to the first aspect of the present invention, a part or all of the permeated water flowing out of the membrane type filtration device is further filtered through the membrane and the secondary permeated water permeating through the membrane and the concentrated water flowing out without passing through the membrane. The concentrated water having a low degree of clarity is sampled. The clarity of the sample is measured, and when the temporal change of the measured clarity is sharper than the expected temporal variation, or when the measured clarity is lower than the set clarity, the membrane type By determining that the membrane of the filtration device has been damaged, it is possible to reliably detect the membrane damage of the membrane type filtration device without time delay.
【００２６】請求項２ないし３の発明では、試料中の単
位体積当たりの微粒子数を微粒子計によって計数するこ
とにより、膜面積の大きい大型膜モジュールを使用した
膜式濾過装置であっても、試料単位体積当たりの微粒子
数の時間的変化を容易かつ確実に認識して膜破損を検出
できるようになる。請求項４の発明では、切換弁を備え
た導水配管系と、切換弁をシーケンス制御する制御装置
とを備えることにより、複数個の並列に配置された膜モ
ジュールからなる膜式濾過装置であっても、一組の膜式
濃縮器と微粒子計とを備える一台の膜破損検出装置によ
り膜モジュールの各々の膜破損を容易かつ確実に検出で
きるようになる。According to the second and third aspects of the present invention, the number of fine particles per unit volume in the sample is counted by a fine particle meter, so that even in the case of a membrane type filtration apparatus using a large membrane module having a large membrane area, This makes it possible to easily and reliably recognize the temporal change in the number of fine particles per unit volume and detect film breakage. The invention according to claim 4 is a membrane filtration device including a plurality of membrane modules arranged in parallel by providing a water conveyance piping system having a switching valve and a control device for controlling the switching valve in sequence. In addition, it is possible to easily and reliably detect the membrane damage of each of the membrane modules by a single membrane damage detection device including a set of a membrane concentrator and a fine particle meter.
【００２７】[0027]
【実施例】以下、添付図面を参照し、実施例に基づいて
本発明をより詳細に説明する。実施例１ 本実施例は、本発明に係る膜破損検出装置の実施例であ
って、請求項２に記載の本発明方法を実施するための原
理的装置である。図１はその概略プロセスフローシート
である。本実施例の膜破損検出装置１０は、膜式濃縮器
として設けられた膜モジュール１２と微粒子計１４（図
１ではＣＴと図示）とを備えて、膜式濾過装置１６の膜
の破損を検出する装置である。膜式濾過装置１６は、原
水タンク１８から送水ポンプ２０により供給される原水
を膜で濾過して微粒子を殆ど含まない透過水と微粒子を
濃厚に懸濁ないし浮遊させている濃縮水とに分離する装
置である。膜式濾過装置１６で使用されている膜は、所
定の透過水を流出させるのに必要な種類の膜、例えば精
密濾過膜、限外濾過膜、逆浸透膜等が使用されており、
膜の形式も平膜、中空糸膜、スパイラル膜、プリーツ状
膜等いずれの形式でも良い。逆に言えば、本膜破損検出
装置１０は、膜の形式を問わず膜の破損を検出できる。
膜式濾過装置１６の濃縮水出口及び膜モジュール１２の
濃縮水出口からそれぞれ送水ポンプ２０のサクション側
に第１リターンライン２２及び第２リターンライン２４
が接続されている。微粒子計１４は、第２リターンライ
ン２４に接続されていて、第２リターンライン２４を経
て送水ポンプ２０のサクション側に戻る濃縮水中の微粒
子数を計測する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiment 1 This embodiment is an embodiment of a film damage detecting apparatus according to the present invention, and is a principle apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention described in claim 2. FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow sheet. The membrane damage detection apparatus 10 of the present embodiment includes a membrane module 12 provided as a membrane concentrator and a fine particle meter 14 (shown as CT in FIG. 1), and detects membrane damage of the membrane filtration apparatus 16. It is a device to do. The membrane filtration device 16 filters the raw water supplied from the raw water tank 18 by the water supply pump 20 through a membrane and separates it into permeated water containing almost no fine particles and concentrated water in which the fine particles are suspended or suspended densely. Device. The membrane used in the membrane filtration device 16 is a membrane of a type necessary to discharge a predetermined permeated water, for example, a microfiltration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, a reverse osmosis membrane, and the like are used.
The type of the membrane may be any type such as a flat membrane, a hollow fiber membrane, a spiral membrane, and a pleated membrane. Conversely, the present film damage detection device 10 can detect film damage regardless of the type of film.
A first return line 22 and a second return line 24 are respectively connected to the suction side of the water pump 20 from the concentrated water outlet of the membrane filtration device 16 and the concentrated water outlet of the membrane module 12.
Is connected. The fine particle meter 14 is connected to the second return line 24, and measures the number of fine particles in the concentrated water returning to the suction side of the water pump 20 via the second return line 24.
【００２８】膜破損検出装置１０の膜モジュール１２に
使用されている膜は、膜式濾過装置１６に使用されてい
る膜と孔径の同じ膜、あるいはそれより多少孔径の大な
る膜を使用するが、特別の事情の無い限り、同じ種類の
膜を使用する方が膜破損の検出の確実性の向上、点検及
び保守作業の都合等から望ましい。本例の場合、膜濾過
装置１６から流出する透過水の一部を膜モジュール１２
に導入する構成としてあり、膜モジュール１２の膜面積
としては、微粒子計１４の計数に必要な約５０ml/min以
上の流量の濃縮水を流出することができる程度の膜面積
があれば十分である。微粒子計１４は、光散乱型の光学
式微粒子計であって、膜モジュール１２から流出する濃
縮水の単位体積当たりの微粒子数を連続して計数し、そ
の時間的変化を表示装置（図示せず）に表示することが
できる。As the membrane used in the membrane module 12 of the membrane breakage detecting device 10, a membrane having the same pore diameter as the membrane used in the membrane filtration device 16 or a membrane having a slightly larger pore diameter is used. Unless there are special circumstances, it is desirable to use the same type of membrane from the viewpoint of improving the reliability of detection of membrane breakage, convenience of inspection and maintenance work, and the like. In the case of this example, a part of the permeated water flowing out from the membrane filtration device 16 is
It is sufficient that the membrane area of the membrane module 12 is large enough to allow the concentrated water having a flow rate of about 50 ml / min or more necessary for counting by the fine particle meter 14 to flow out. . The fine particle meter 14 is a light scattering type optical fine particle meter, and continuously counts the number of fine particles per unit volume of the concentrated water flowing out from the membrane module 12, and displays a temporal change thereof in a display device (not shown). ).
【００２９】以上の構成により、原水は、原水タンク１
８から送水ポンプ２０により膜式濾過装置１６に送ら
れ、そこで透過水と濃縮水とに分離される。濃縮水は、
第１リターンライン２２により送水ポンプ２０のサクシ
ョン側に戻され、再度濾過される。透過水は、その一部
が膜破損検出装置１０の膜モジュール１２に送られ、２
次透過水と試料にする濃縮水とに分離される。そして、
得られた試料濃縮水の一部または全量は微粒子計１４に
導かれて微粒子数の計数に供され、その後第２リターン
ライン２４に戻される。一方、膜式濾過装置１６の透過
水の大部分は、２次透過水と共にそのまま次の工程に送
水される。試料濃縮水は、第２リターンライン２４を経
て送水ポンプ２０のサクション側に戻り、また、２次透
過水は膜式濾過装置１６の透過水に合流させる。なお、
膜式濾過装置１６の膜に破損がなければ、前記試料濃縮
水を膜式濾過装置１６の透過水に合流させてもよい。With the above configuration, the raw water is stored in the raw water tank 1
From 8, the water is sent to the membrane filtration device 16 by a water pump 20, where it is separated into permeated water and concentrated water. The concentrated water is
The water is returned to the suction side of the water supply pump 20 by the first return line 22 and filtered again. Part of the permeated water is sent to the membrane module 12 of the
It is separated into the second permeated water and the concentrated water used as a sample. And
Part or all of the obtained sample concentrated water is guided to the fine particle meter 14 to be used for counting the number of fine particles, and then returned to the second return line 24. On the other hand, most of the permeated water of the membrane filtration device 16 is directly sent to the next step together with the secondary permeated water. The sample concentrated water returns to the suction side of the water pump 20 via the second return line 24, and the secondary permeated water is combined with the permeated water of the membrane filtration device 16. In addition,
If the membrane of the membrane filtration device 16 is not damaged, the sample concentrated water may be combined with the permeated water of the membrane filtration device 16.
【００３０】また、微粒子計１４に導入される試料濃縮
水中に温度差等の原因によって気泡が発生すると微粒子
計数の誤差となるので、このような気泡の発生を防止す
るため、微粒子計１４の上流側で膜モジュール１２の濃
縮水あるいは膜式濾過装置１６の透過水を膜脱気装置等
の脱気手段で処理して予め脱気しておくことも好まし
い。Further, if bubbles are generated in the sample concentrated water introduced into the particle meter 14 due to a temperature difference or the like, an error occurs in the counting of the particles. It is also preferable that the concentrated water of the membrane module 12 or the permeated water of the membrane filtration device 16 is treated by a deaeration means such as a membrane deaerator and degassed in advance on the side.
【００３１】膜式濾過装置１６の膜が破損していない状
態では、微粒子計１４で計数した試料濃縮水の単位体積
当たりの微粒子計数値は小さい。しかし、膜式濾過装置
１６の膜が破損すると直ちに試料濃縮水の単位体積当た
りの微粒子計数値が増大する。従って、膜式濾過装置１
６の膜破損を時間遅れなく検出することができる。な
お、上記濃縮用の膜モジュール１２は、基本的には濃縮
倍率（供給水量／濃縮水量比）を一定として運転するの
がよく、通常は濃縮倍率が５〜２０倍となる条件で運転
する。また、上述の実施例では膜式濾過装置１６をクロ
スフロー方式の濾過装置として説明したが、膜式濾過装
置１６は全量濾過方式のものであってもよく、このこと
は以下の実施例においても同様である。When the membrane of the membrane filtration device 16 is not damaged, the particle count per unit volume of the sample concentrated water counted by the particle meter 14 is small. However, as soon as the membrane of the membrane type filtration device 16 is broken, the particle count value per unit volume of the sample concentrated water increases. Therefore, the membrane filtration device 1
6 can be detected without time delay. The membrane module 12 for concentration is preferably basically operated with a constant concentration ratio (supply water amount / concentrated water amount ratio), and is usually operated under conditions where the concentration ratio is 5 to 20 times. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the membrane filtration device 16 has been described as a cross-flow filtration device. However, the membrane filtration device 16 may be of a total filtration type. This is also true in the following embodiments. The same is true.
【００３２】図２は、実施例１の膜破損検出装置１０を
使用して、濃縮倍率を１０として運転した時の膜モジュ
ール１２の試料濃縮水中の単位体積当たりの微粒子数を
微粒子計１４で計数した計数値を膜破損検出装置１０の
運転経過日数に対してプロットしたグラフで、微粒子数
が急激に増加した時点Ｔで膜が破損したと判定すること
ができる。一方、従来の膜間差圧式膜破損検出装置（図
７参照）及び微粒子計式膜破損検出装置（図８参照）を
実施例１の膜破損検出装置１０と並列にして同じ膜式濾
過装置１６の透過水側に設置し、膜破損検出装置１０と
同時平行的に動作させた。それぞれ得たデータを経過時
間に対してプロットして得たグラフは、図３及び図４に
示されている通りである。図３及び図４から判る通り、
経過日数がＴの時点で膜式濾過装置１６の膜が現実に破
損しているのにもかかわらず従来の膜破損検出装置から
得たデータは顕著な変化を示していない。FIG. 2 shows the number of fine particles per unit volume in the sample condensed water of the membrane module 12 counted by the fine particle meter 14 when the membrane damage detecting device 10 of the first embodiment is operated at a concentration magnification of 10. In a graph in which the calculated count value is plotted against the number of elapsed days of operation of the film damage detection device 10, it can be determined that the film has been damaged at the time T when the number of fine particles rapidly increases. On the other hand, the same membrane-type filtration device 16 is used in which a conventional transmembrane pressure-type membrane breakage detection device (see FIG. 7) and a fine particle meter type membrane breakage detection device (see FIG. 8) are arranged in parallel with the membrane breakage detection device 10 of the first embodiment. And operated simultaneously and in parallel with the membrane breakage detection device 10. Graphs obtained by plotting the obtained data against the elapsed time are as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4,
Although the membrane of the membrane filtration device 16 is actually broken at the time point T, the data obtained from the conventional membrane breakage detection device does not show a remarkable change.
【００３３】なお、上記の試験は膜式濾過装置１６の膜
として、分画分子量１５０，０００（孔径約０．０１μ
ｍ）の限外濾過膜（ダイセン・メンブレン・システムズ
社製、ＦＷ−５０、膜面積５０ｍ2 ）を用い、膜モジュ
ール１２として孔径０．２μｍの精密濾過膜（メムテッ
ク社製、Ｍ１、膜面積１ｍ2 ）を用いて行ったものであ
り、また、微粒子計１４としては新三国機械製の微粒子
計ＭＩＬＰＡ−Ｉ（感度０．１μｍ以上）を用いた。ま
た、上述の実施例では膜式濾過装置１６から流出する透
過水の一部を、膜式濃縮器としての膜モジュール１２に
導入する構成としたが、本発明はこれに限定されず、例
えば膜式濾過装置１６の透過水の全量を膜式濃縮器に供
給する構成としてもよい。In the above test, the molecular weight cut off of 150,000 (pore diameter of about 0.01 μm)
m) ultrafiltration membrane (manufactured by Daisen Membrane Systems Co., Ltd., FW-50, membrane area 50 m 2 ), and as a membrane module 12, a microfiltration membrane having a pore diameter of 0.2 μm (M1M, Memtech, M1; membrane area 1 m) 2 ), and as the fine particle meter 14, a fine particle meter MILPA-I (sensitivity of 0.1 μm or more) manufactured by Shin-Sangoku Machinery Co., Ltd. was used. In the above-described embodiment, a part of the permeated water flowing out from the membrane filtration device 16 is introduced into the membrane module 12 as a membrane concentrator. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It is good also as a structure which supplies the whole quantity of permeate of the filtration device 16 to a membrane concentrator.
【００３４】実施例２ 図５は本発明に係る膜破損検出装置を大型膜式濾過装置
に適用した実施例の概略プロセスフローシートである。
本実施例の膜破損検出装置３０は、基本的には実施例１
の膜破損検出装置１０と同じ構成であって、膜式濃縮器
として設けられた単体の膜モジュール３２と、膜モジュ
ール３２から流出する濃縮水を後述の送水ポンプ５４の
サクション側に戻す第２リターンライン３４と、第２リ
ターンライン３４に設けられた光散乱式の光学微粒子計
３６と、膜式濾過装置の透過水を膜モジュール３２に導
水する導水配管系と、制御装置５０とを備えている。 Embodiment 2 FIG. 5 is a schematic process flow sheet of an embodiment in which the membrane breakage detecting device according to the present invention is applied to a large-sized membrane filter.
The film breakage detecting device 30 of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment.
And a second return for returning the concentrated water flowing out of the membrane module 32 to the suction side of a water supply pump 54 described below. A line 34, a light scattering type optical fine particle meter 36 provided on the second return line 34, a water guiding pipe system for guiding permeated water of the membrane type filtration device to the membrane module 32, and a control device 50. .
【００３５】本実施例の膜破損検出装置３０が付設され
た大型膜式濾過装置４０は、同じ処理能力を有する複数
個（図中ではＮ個を図示）の膜モジュール４２を並列に
配置した構成になっている。導水配管系は、各膜モジュ
ール４２の透過水の出口管に流路切換弁としての自動開
閉式の三方弁４４を備え、それにより各膜モジュール４
２の透過水を膜破損検出装置３０の膜モジュール３２に
導水する経路４６と透過水を膜式濾過装置４０の系外に
流出させる経路４８とに各透過水出口管を分岐してい
る。三方弁４４は制御装置５０から遠隔制御により自動
的に操作される。例えば三方弁４４Ａが透過水の一部を
膜モジュール３２に導水している時には、他の三方弁４
４Ｂから４４Ｎは、各膜モジュール４４Ｂから４４Ｎの
透過水が全て経路４８を流れるように各三方弁が制御さ
れている。膜モジュール３２に導水されている時間は、
微粒子計３６が膜モジュール３２から流出する濃縮水中
の微粒子を計数できる時間以上であれば十分であり、そ
の時間だけ三方弁４４Ａが透過水を膜モジュール３２に
導水するように、各三方弁４４は制御装置５０により順
次シーケンス制御されている。The large-sized membrane filtration device 40 provided with the membrane breakage detection device 30 of this embodiment has a configuration in which a plurality (N in the figure) of membrane modules 42 having the same processing capacity are arranged in parallel. It has become. The water introduction piping system is provided with an automatic opening / closing three-way valve 44 as a flow path switching valve at the outlet pipe of the permeated water of each membrane module 42, whereby each membrane module 4
Each of the permeated water outlet pipes is branched into a path 46 for guiding the permeated water to the membrane module 32 of the membrane breakage detecting device 30 and a path 48 for flowing the permeated water out of the membrane filtration device 40. The three-way valve 44 is automatically operated by remote control from the control device 50. For example, when the three-way valve 44A conducts a part of the permeated water to the membrane module 32, the other three-way valve 4A
From 4B to 44N, each three-way valve is controlled so that all permeated water from each of the membrane modules 44B to 44N flows through the path 48. The time during which water is introduced to the membrane module 32 is
It is sufficient that the time is such that the fine particle meter 36 can count the fine particles in the concentrated water flowing out of the membrane module 32, and the three-way valves 44A are used so that the three-way valve 44A guides the permeated water to the membrane module 32 for that time. Sequence control is sequentially performed by the control device 50.
【００３６】膜式濾過装置４０の各膜モジュール４２に
は、原水が原水タンク５２から送水ポンプ５４により供
給され、送水ポンプ５４と各膜モジュール４２との間に
はそれぞれ開閉弁５６が設けてあって、例えば膜モジュ
ール４２Ａの膜が破損した時、開閉弁５６Ａと三方弁４
４Ａとを閉止することにより、膜モジュール４２Ａを隔
離して膜交換するようになっている。更に、開閉弁５６
を自動制御弁とし、それを制御装置５０により操作し
て、いずれかの膜モジュール４２に膜破損が生じたと
き、微粒子計３６と連動させて開閉弁５６を自動的に閉
止して汚染透過水の流出を防止することもできる。各膜
モジュール４２から流出する濃縮水は、リターンライン
５８により送水ポンプ５４のサクション側に戻すように
なっている。Raw water is supplied to each membrane module 42 of the membrane type filtration device 40 from a raw water tank 52 by a water supply pump 54, and an opening / closing valve 56 is provided between the water supply pump 54 and each membrane module 42. For example, when the membrane of the membrane module 42A is broken, the on-off valve 56A and the three-way valve 4
By closing the membrane module 4A, the membrane module 42A is isolated and the membrane is exchanged. Further, the on-off valve 56
Is an automatic control valve, which is operated by the control device 50. When a membrane breakage occurs in any of the membrane modules 42, the on-off valve 56 is automatically closed in conjunction with the fine particle meter 36, and the contaminated permeated water is Can be prevented. The concentrated water flowing out of each membrane module 42 is returned to the suction side of the water pump 54 by a return line 58.
【００３７】以上の構成により、一台の膜破損検出装置
３０で、複数個の膜モジュール４２の膜破損を検出する
ことができる。なお、本実施例では流路の切換弁として
三方弁を用いた例について説明したが、本発明はこれに
限定されるものではなく、例えば上記各経路４６と上記
各経路４８の途中にそれぞれ流路切換用の二方弁を設
け、これらの弁の開閉によって各膜モジュール４２の透
過水の流路を切換えるように構成してもよい。また、上
述の実施例では各膜モジュール４２Ａ、４２Ｂ・・・毎
に透過水を取り出して膜破損検出装置３０に導入できる
ように構成してあるが、場合によっては複数本（例えば
３〜４本）の膜モジュールを一群として多数本の膜モジ
ュールを複数のモジュール群に分割し、各モジュール群
毎に透過水を取り出して膜破損検出装置に導入する構成
としてもよい。With the above configuration, a single film damage detection device 30 can detect film damage of a plurality of film modules 42. In this embodiment, an example is described in which a three-way valve is used as a flow path switching valve. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A two-way valve for switching the path may be provided, and the flow path of the permeated water of each membrane module 42 may be switched by opening and closing these valves. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the permeated water is taken out for each of the membrane modules 42A, 42B,... And can be introduced into the membrane breakage detecting device 30. However, in some cases, a plurality (for example, 3 to 4 )), A large number of membrane modules may be divided into a plurality of module groups as a group, and permeated water may be taken out for each module group and introduced into the membrane breakage detection device.
【００３８】実施例３ 本実施例は、図１に示す実施例１の膜破損検出装置１０
の微粒子計１４に代えて、又は図５に示す実施例２の膜
破損検出装置３０の微粒子計３６に代えて濁度計を使用
した例である。濁度計としては、例えばＨＡＣＨ社製の
低レンジ濁度計１７２０Ｃ型を使用できる。また、微粒
子計に代えて、ＦＩ値を測定するようにしても良い。実
施例３の膜破損検出装置を使用すれば、請求項１に記載
の本発明方法を実施することができる。 Embodiment 3 In this embodiment, a film breakage detecting device 10 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG.
This is an example in which a turbidity meter is used in place of the fine particle meter 14 of FIG. 5 or in place of the fine particle meter 36 of the membrane breakage detecting device 30 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. As the turbidimeter, for example, a low range turbidimeter 1720C manufactured by HACH can be used. Further, an FI value may be measured instead of the fine particle meter. The method according to the first aspect of the present invention can be implemented by using the film damage detecting device according to the third embodiment.
【００３９】実施例４ 本実施例は、同じく請求項１に記載の本発明方法を実施
する別の膜破損検出装置であって、図６はその原理的装
置の概略プロセスフローシートである。本実施例の膜破
損検出装置６０は、図１に示す実施例１の膜破損検出装
置１０の微粒子計１４に代えて、又は図５に示す実施例
２の膜破損検出装置３０の微粒子計３６に代えて、試料
とする濃縮水を更に濾過するために濃縮水をリターンす
るリターンライン２４（又は３４）の途中に設けた濃縮
水濾過器６２と、濃縮水濾過器に流入する濃縮水ライン
２４ａ（又は３４ａ）に設けた圧力計６４と、濃縮水濾
過器６２から流出する透過水の水量を測定するために透
過水ライン６６に設けられた流量計６８と、接続配管系
と、その他必要な設備を備えている。濃縮水濾過器６２
の透過水は透過水ライン６６を経て膜式濾過装置の透過
水と共に系外に送水され、一方濃縮水濾過器６２の濃縮
水は第２リターンライン２４（又は３４）によりリター
ンされる。 Embodiment 4 This embodiment is another film damage detecting apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention described in claim 1, and FIG. 6 is a schematic process flow sheet of the principle apparatus. The film breakage detecting device 60 of the present embodiment replaces the particle size meter 14 of the film breakage detecting device 10 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 or the particle size meter 36 of the film breakage detecting device 30 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. Instead, a concentrated water filter 62 provided in the middle of a return line 24 (or 34) for returning concentrated water to further filter the concentrated water as a sample, and a concentrated water line 24a flowing into the concentrated water filter (Or 34a), a flow meter 68 provided in a permeated water line 66 for measuring the amount of permeated water flowing out of the concentrated water filter 62, a connection piping system, and other necessary Facilities are provided. Concentrated water filter 62
Is sent to the outside of the system together with the permeated water of the membrane filtration device via the permeated water line 66, while the concentrated water of the concentrated water filter 62 is returned by the second return line 24 (or 34).
【００４０】以上の構成の膜式濾過装置６０を使用し
て、圧力計６４の計測値の上昇速度が予定する上昇速度
より急激である時、或いは計測値が所定値以上になった
時に、膜式濾過装置１６（又は４２）に膜破損が発生し
たと判定する。また、流量計６８の計測値の時間的な変
化が予定する時間的変動より急激である時、或いは計測
値が所定値以下になった時に、膜式濾過装置に膜破損が
発生したと判定する。When the rate of increase in the measured value of the pressure gauge 64 is faster than a predetermined rate or when the measured value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the membrane filter 60 having the above-described structure is used. It is determined that membrane breakage has occurred in the filtration device 16 (or 42). In addition, when the temporal change of the measured value of the flow meter 68 is sharper than a predetermined temporal change, or when the measured value becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value, it is determined that the membrane filter device has been damaged. .
【００４１】[0041]
【発明の効果】請求項１に記載の発明方法によれば、膜
式濾過装置から流出した透過水の一部ないし全量を膜で
更に濾過し、膜を透過する２次透過水と膜を透過しない
濃縮水とに分離し、分離した濃縮水を試料として試料の
清澄度合を特定の因子の計測より求める。清澄度合の時
間的変化が予定する時間的変動より急激である時あるい
は清澄度合が予め定めた設定範囲を逸脱した時、膜式濾
過装置の膜が破損したと判定することにより、膜の破損
を確実にかつ時間遅れなく検出できる。よって、膜式濾
過装置の透過水の汚染を確実にかつ信頼性高く防止する
ことができる。According to the method of the present invention, part or all of the permeated water flowing out of the membrane filtration device is further filtered through the membrane, and the secondary permeated water permeating through the membrane and permeating the membrane. The concentrated water is separated into unconcentrated water, and the separated water is used as a sample to determine the degree of clarification of the sample by measuring a specific factor. When the temporal change of the fining degree is sharper than a predetermined temporal fluctuation or when the fining degree deviates from a predetermined setting range, it is determined that the membrane of the membrane type filtration device has been damaged, so that the membrane is damaged. It can be detected reliably and without time delay. Therefore, contamination of the permeated water of the membrane filtration device can be reliably and reliably prevented.
【００４２】請求項２に記載の発明方法によれば、膜式
濾過装置から流出した透過水の一部ないし全量を膜で更
に濾過し、膜を透過する２次透過水と膜を透過しない濃
縮水とに分離し、分離した濃縮水を試料として試料の単
位体積当たりの微粒子数を微粒子計により計数して計数
値を求める。計数した微粒子数の時間的変化が予定する
時間的変動より急激である時あるいは計数した微粒子数
が予め定めた設定値を越えた時、膜式濾過装置の膜が破
損したと判定することにより、膜の破損を確実にかつ時
間遅れなく検出できる。よって、膜式濾過装置の透過水
の汚染を確実にかつ信頼性高く防止することができる。According to the method of the present invention, part or all of the permeated water flowing out of the membrane filtration device is further filtered through the membrane, and the secondary permeated water permeating through the membrane and the concentration not passing through the membrane are concentrated. Water is separated into water, and the separated concentrated water is used as a sample, and the number of fine particles per unit volume of the sample is counted by a fine particle meter to obtain a count value. When the time variation of the counted number of particulates is sharper than a predetermined time variation or when the counted number of particulates exceeds a predetermined set value, by determining that the membrane of the membrane filtration device has been damaged, Film breakage can be detected reliably and without time delay. Therefore, contamination of the permeated water of the membrane filtration device can be reliably and reliably prevented.
【００４３】請求項３に記載の膜破損検出装置によれ
ば、膜モジュールを備えて、膜式濾過装置の透過水を試
料として濃縮する膜式濃縮器と、微粒子計とを有し、濃
縮された試料の微粒子数を微粒子計により計数して計数
値を求める。これにより、膜が破損すると直ちに計数値
が急激に増大し、膜式濾過装置の膜の破損を確実にかつ
時間遅れなく判定できる。請求項４に記載の膜破損検出
装置によれば、膜式濾過装置からの透過水を膜破損検出
装置に導水する導水配管系が、膜破損検出装置に導水す
る流路と膜式濾過装置の系外へ流出させる流路とに膜式
濾過装置の透過水流路を切換える切換弁と、切換弁の開
閉を自動的にシーケンス制御する制御装置とを備えてい
ることにより、並列に配置された複数個の膜モジュール
を有する大型の膜式濾過装置の膜の破損を一台の膜破損
検出装置で確実にしかも時間遅れなく検出することがで
きる。According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a membrane breakage detecting apparatus comprising a membrane module, a membrane concentrator for concentrating water permeated from a membrane filter as a sample, and a fine particle meter. The number of fine particles in the sample thus obtained is counted by a fine particle meter to obtain a count value. As a result, the count value increases rapidly as soon as the membrane is damaged, and it is possible to determine the damage of the membrane of the membrane type filtration device reliably and without delay. According to the membrane damage detection device of the fourth aspect, the water supply pipe system that guides the permeated water from the membrane filtration device to the membrane damage detection device includes a flow path that guides the water to the membrane damage detection device and a membrane filtration device. By providing a switching valve for switching the permeated water channel of the membrane type filtration device to a channel for flowing out of the system and a control device for automatically controlling the opening and closing of the switching valve, a plurality of valves arranged in parallel Damage of the membrane of a large-sized membrane filtration device having a single membrane module can be reliably detected with one membrane damage detection device without time delay.
【図１】本発明に係る膜破損検出装置の実施例１の概略
フローシートである。FIG. 1 is a schematic flow sheet of Example 1 of a film damage detection device according to the present invention.
【図２】実施例１の膜破損検出装置１０を使用して、膜
モジュール１２の濃縮水中の微粒子数を微粒子計１４で
計数した計数値を膜破損検出装置１０の運転経過日数に
対してプロットしたグラフである。FIG. 2 is a graph showing a result of counting the number of fine particles in concentrated water of a membrane module 12 by a fine particle meter 14 using the membrane damage detection device 10 of Example 1 with respect to the number of operating days of the membrane damage detection device 10. It is the graph which did.
【図３】実施例１の膜破損検出装置１０と並列に設置し
た従来の膜間差圧式膜破損検出装置を使用して検出デー
タを膜破損検出装置の運転経過日数に対してプロットし
たグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph in which detection data is plotted with respect to the number of operating days of the membrane breakage detection device using a conventional transmembrane pressure difference type membrane breakage detection device installed in parallel with the membrane breakage detection device 10 of Example 1. is there.
【図４】実施例１の膜破損検出装置１０と並列に設置し
て従来の微粒子計式膜破損検出装置を使用して検出デー
タを膜破損検出装置の運転経過日数に対してプロットし
たグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph in which detection data is plotted with respect to the number of operating days of the membrane breakage detecting device using a conventional fine particle meter type membrane breakage detector installed in parallel with the membrane breakage detecting device 10 of Example 1. is there.
【図５】本発明に係る膜破損検出装置を大型膜式濾過装
置に使用した実施例２の概略フローシートである。FIG. 5 is a schematic flow sheet of Example 2 in which the membrane breakage detection device according to the present invention is used in a large-sized membrane filter.
【図６】本発明方法を実施する膜破損検出装置の実施例
４の概略フローシートである。FIG. 6 is a schematic flow sheet of Example 4 of a film breakage detection device for implementing the method of the present invention.
【図７】従来の膜間差圧式膜破損検出装置の概略フロー
シートである。FIG. 7 is a schematic flow sheet of a conventional transmembrane pressure difference type membrane breakage detection device.
【図８】従来の微粒子計式膜破損検出装置の概略フロー
シートである。FIG. 8 is a schematic flow sheet of a conventional fine particle meter type membrane breakage detection device.
１０ 本発明に係る膜破損検出装置の実施例１ １２ 膜モジュール １４ 光学微粒子計 １６ 膜式濾過装置 １８ 原水タンク ２０ 送水ポンプ ２２ 第１リターンライン ２４ 第２リターンライン ３０ 本発明に係る膜破損検出装置の実施例２ ３２ 膜モジュール ３４ 第２リターンライン ３６ 光学微粒子計 ４０ 大型膜式濾過装置 ４２ 膜モジュール ４４ 三方弁 ４６ 膜破損検出装置に導水する経路 ４８ 膜式濾過装置の系外に流出させる経路 ５０ 制御装置 ５２ 原水タンク ５４ 送水ポンプ ５６ 開閉弁 ５８ リターンライン ６０ 本発明に係る膜破損検出装置の実施例４ ６２ 膜破損検出用膜モジュール ６４ 圧力計 ７２ 別の膜破損検出用膜モジュール ７４ 差圧計 ７６ 濃縮水リターンライン 10 Example 1 of membrane damage detecting device according to the present invention 12 12 Membrane module 14 Optical fine particle meter 16 Membrane filtration device 18 Raw water tank 20 Water feed pump 22 First return line 24 Second return line 30 Membrane damage detecting device according to the present invention Example 2 32 Membrane module 34 Second return line 36 Optical fine particle meter 40 Large membrane filtration device 42 Membrane module 44 Three-way valve 46 Route for introducing water to membrane breakage detection device 48 Route for flowing out of system of membrane filtration device 50 Control device 52 Raw water tank 54 Water pump 56 On-off valve 58 Return line 60 Example 4 of membrane damage detection device according to the present invention 62 62 Membrane module for detecting membrane damage 64 Pressure gauge 72 Another membrane module for detecting membrane damage 74 Differential pressure gauge 76 Concentrated water return line
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平７−60073（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭62−163707（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭59−183807（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平６−182164（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) B01D 65/10 G01N 15/08 G01M 3/00 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-7-60073 (JP, A) JP-A-62-163707 (JP, A) JP-A-59-183807 (JP, A) JP-A-6-163807 182164 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) B01D 65/10 G01N 15/08 G01M 3/00
Claims (4)
式濾過装置から流出した透過水の一部ないし全量を膜で
更に濾過して膜を透過する２次透過水と膜を透過するこ
となく流出する濃縮水とに分離し、分離した濃縮水を試
料として試料の清澄度合を示す特定の因子を計測し、因
子の計測値の時間的変化が予定する時間的変動より急激
である時、又は因子の計測値が設定清澄度合より低い清
澄度合に相当する値になった時のいずれかの時、膜式濾
過装置の膜が破損したと判定することを特徴とする膜式
濾過装置の膜破損の検出方法。1. Filtration of raw water through a membrane to obtain permeated water Part of or all of the permeated water flowing out of a membrane filtration device is further filtered through a membrane to pass through the membrane and secondary permeated water permeating the membrane. When the specific factor indicating the degree of clarity of the sample is measured using the separated concentrated water as a sample and the temporal change in the measured value of the factor is more rapid than the expected temporal variation , Or when the measured value of the factor becomes a value corresponding to a clarification degree lower than the set clarification degree, the membrane filtration device characterized by determining that the membrane of the membrane filtration device is damaged How to detect membrane breakage.
式濾過装置から流出した透過水の一部ないし全量を膜で
更に濾過して膜を透過する２次透過水と膜を透過するこ
となく流出する濃縮水とに分離し、分離した濃縮水を試
料として試料の単位体積当たりの微粒子数を微粒子計に
より計数し、計数した微粒子数の時間的変化が予定する
時間的変動より急激である時、又は計数した微粒子数が
設定値を越えた時のいずれかの時、膜式濾過装置の膜が
破損したと判定することを特徴とする膜式濾過装置の膜
破損の検出方法。2. Part of or the entire amount of permeated water flowing out of a membrane type filtration device that obtains permeated water by filtering raw water through a membrane is further filtered through a membrane to permeate the secondary permeated water permeating the membrane. The concentrated water flowing out without separation is used as a sample.The separated concentrated water is used as a sample, and the number of fine particles per unit volume of the sample is counted by a fine particle meter. A method for detecting membrane damage in a membrane filtration device, comprising determining that the membrane of the membrane filtration device has been damaged at a certain time or when the counted number of particles exceeds a set value.
式濾過装置の膜破損を検出する装置であって、 膜モジュールを備えて、膜式濾過装置から出た透過水の
一部ないし全量を濾過し、膜を透過する２次透過水と膜
を透過することなく膜モジュールから流出する濃縮水と
に分離する膜式濃縮器と、 膜式濃縮器から流出する濃縮水を試料として試料中の微
粒子数を計数する微粒子計とを備えることを特徴とする
膜破損検出装置。3. A device for detecting a membrane breakage of a membrane filtration device for obtaining permeated water by filtering raw water through a membrane, comprising a membrane module, wherein a part of permeated water discharged from the membrane filtration device is removed. A membrane concentrator that filters the entire volume and separates it into secondary permeated water that permeates the membrane and concentrated water that flows out of the membrane module without permeating the membrane, and a sample that uses the concentrated water that flows out of the membrane concentrator as a sample A film breakage detection device, comprising: a particle counter for counting the number of particles in the film.
ュールを備え、第１の膜モジュールの膜により原水を濾
過して透過水を得るようにした膜式濾過装置の膜破損を
検出する膜破損検出装置であって、 膜破損検出装置は、第２の膜モジュールを１個備え、膜
式濾過装置から出た透過水の一部を濾過し、膜を透過す
る２次透過水と膜を透過することなく第２の膜モジュー
ルから流出する濃縮水とに分離する膜式濃縮器と、膜式
濃縮器から流出する濃縮水を試料として試料中の微粒子
数を計数する微粒子計と、膜式濾過装置の第１の膜モジ
ュールの各々と膜式濃縮器とを接続して第１膜モジュー
ルの各々から透過水を導入する導水配管系とを有し、 導水配管系は、第１膜モジュールの各々の透過水出口管
に設けられて、透過水を膜式濃縮器に導水する経路と透
過水を膜式濾過装置の系外に流出させる経路とに切換え
る切換弁と、各切換弁を自動的にシーケンス制御して、
一の第１の膜モジュールの透過水を膜式濃縮器に導水し
ている時には、他の第１の膜モジュールの透過水を膜式
濾過装置の系外に流出させるように各切換弁を制御する
制御装置とを備えることを特徴とする膜破損検出装置。4. A membrane filter of a membrane type filtration device comprising a plurality of first membrane modules arranged in parallel, wherein raw water is filtered by a membrane of the first membrane module to obtain permeated water. The membrane breakage detection device includes one second membrane module, filters a part of the permeate discharged from the membrane type filtration device, and forms a second permeate through the membrane. A membrane concentrator for separating into concentrated water flowing out of the second membrane module without permeating the membrane, a fine particle meter for counting the number of fine particles in the sample using the concentrated water flowing out of the membrane type condenser as a sample, A water supply piping system that connects each of the first membrane modules of the membrane filtration device to the membrane concentrator and introduces permeated water from each of the first membrane modules; Provided at each permeate outlet pipe of the module to direct permeate to the membrane concentrator A switching valve for switching a path and permeate into the path for flow out to the outside of the membrane type filtration apparatus, to automatically sequence control each switching valve,
When the permeated water of one first membrane module is being guided to the membrane concentrator, each switching valve is controlled so that the permeated water of the other first membrane module flows out of the system of the membrane filtration device. A film damage detection device comprising:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP08464295A JP3202532B2 (en) | 1995-03-16 | 1995-03-16 | Film damage detection method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP08464295A JP3202532B2 (en) | 1995-03-16 | 1995-03-16 | Film damage detection method and device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08252440A JPH08252440A (en) | 1996-10-01 |
| JP3202532B2 true JP3202532B2 (en) | 2001-08-27 |
Family
ID=13836356
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP08464295A Expired - Fee Related JP3202532B2 (en) | 1995-03-16 | 1995-03-16 | Film damage detection method and device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3202532B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1076234A4 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 2001-07-18 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Membrane breakage detection device |
| US6451201B1 (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2002-09-17 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | Distributed on-line integrity testing for immersed membranes |
| JP2003024938A (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-28 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | Membrane filter system and operation method therefor |
| US7698928B2 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2010-04-20 | Dow Global Technologies, Inc. | Method for testing separation modules |
| JP4592630B2 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2010-12-01 | 中国電力株式会社 | Hydrogen gas generator and operation control method of hydrogen gas generator |
| US8142660B2 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2012-03-27 | Hirata Corporation | Filtrate monitoring device, and filtrate monitoring system |
| US8991235B2 (en) | 2009-05-07 | 2015-03-31 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Method of testing membranes and membrane-based systems |
| WO2011049790A1 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2011-04-28 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Method of testing the integrity of spiral wound modules |
| FR2976936B1 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2013-08-02 | Millipore Corp | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING AND DISPENSING WATER WITH SEPARATION BARRIER REMOVING BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION |
| FR2976819B1 (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2013-08-02 | Millipore Corp | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING WATER, WITH AUTOMATIC PURGING |
| JP6450563B2 (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2019-01-09 | 野村マイクロ・サイエンス株式会社 | Ultrafiltration membrane diagnostic method, diagnostic device and ultrapure water production system |
| JP2022151200A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-10-07 | 横河電機株式会社 | Filter evaluating device, purifying device, and filter evaluating method |
| WO2022264584A1 (en) * | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-22 | オルガノ株式会社 | Microparticulate measurement device, ultrapure water production apparatus provided with same, and microparticulate measurement method |
| WO2024100713A1 (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2024-05-16 | 株式会社クボタ | Monitoring device |
-
1995
- 1995-03-16 JP JP08464295A patent/JP3202532B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH08252440A (en) | 1996-10-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2319612B1 (en) | Method for testing membrane separation modules | |
| JP3202532B2 (en) | Film damage detection method and device | |
| US8404119B2 (en) | Method of membrane separation and membrane separation apparatus | |
| KR101815932B1 (en) | Fouling index measuring system of multi-channel using high pressure syringe pump of constant flow operation and membrane filter, and method for the same | |
| WO2008047926A1 (en) | Filtrate monitoring device, and filtrate monitoring system | |
| JP3028447B2 (en) | Water purification equipment | |
| JP3243677B2 (en) | Leak detector for membrane breakage in membrane filtration device | |
| JP4033095B2 (en) | Membrane filtration device membrane damage detection method and apparatus therefor | |
| JP3401541B2 (en) | Membrane separation device and its operation method | |
| JP3807552B2 (en) | Membrane filtration method and apparatus for membrane damage detection | |
| JP2007117904A (en) | Membrane filtration apparatus | |
| JP3560708B2 (en) | Membrane separation device, its leak detection method and its operation method | |
| JPH10128086A (en) | Detection of abnormality in membrane treating system and control method therefor | |
| JP2001269552A (en) | Method and device for membrane separation | |
| Johnson | Automatic monitoring of membrane integrity in microfiltration systems | |
| JP2000279769A (en) | Membrane failure detection, apparatus therefor and membrane separator | |
| US5905197A (en) | Membrane sampling device | |
| JPS62163707A (en) | Method for preventing contamination of membrane module | |
| JP3232425B2 (en) | Filtration membrane leak detection method and device | |
| Johnson et al. | Issues of operational integrity in membrane drinking water plants | |
| JP3741218B2 (en) | Purification apparatus and method for waste water containing dioxins | |
| JPS59183807A (en) | Membrane filtration | |
| JPH06182164A (en) | Membrane separation device | |
| JPH09220452A (en) | Membrane leakage detector and detecting method | |
| JPH0634730U (en) | Filtration device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080622 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090622 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100622 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |