JP3196744B2 - Liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device in which the distance between two substrates is kept uniform and adhesion is improved at a high yield to improve impact resistance, and a method of manufacturing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a display element using a liquid crystal has been regarded as important because of its advantages of small size, thin thickness, light weight, and low power consumption. The currently mainstream liquid crystal display element uses a nematic liquid crystal, but its response time is about 30 ms at the earliest, and it is impossible to display a complete moving image. Therefore, application of a ferroelectric liquid crystal or an antiferroelectric liquid crystal capable of responding in 1 ms or less to a liquid crystal display device is being studied. However, display devices using these liquid crystals have problems that the contrast ratio is low due to defects specific to the smectic C phase, and the alignment is easily disturbed by external impact. Therefore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-304756,
In JP-A-318912, a plurality of parallel linear spaces separated from each other are formed by using a photosensitive material mainly composed of an acrylic resin or the like, and the space is filled with a liquid crystal 8. Thereafter, a method is described in which a temperature gradient perpendicular to the linear space is applied in the plane of the substrate 2 and defects are reduced by utilizing the volume shrinkage force of the liquid crystal. This schematic perspective view is shown in FIG.
Shown in According to this method, a high contrast ratio can be realized by reducing defects. Further, since the partition wall 52 forming the linear space is bonded to the two substrates, the partition wall 52 is strong against impact and can realize the resistance of the liquid crystal alignment to external impact.

[0003] In addition, the 23rd Liquid Crystal Symposium
On page 0, columnar resin spacers 51 are formed of a photosensitive material mainly composed of acrylic resin or the like, and two substrates 2 are formed.
To improve the impact resistance of the liquid crystal display element. According to this trial, the result that the impact resistance is greatly improved by bonding the two substrates 2 is obtained. This schematic perspective view is shown in FIG.

As described above, a resin spacer is manufactured using a material mainly composed of an acrylic resin or the like, and two substrates are bonded using the resin spacer.
Attempts to improve the impact resistance of liquid crystal display devices have been actively made.

[0005] On the other hand, in the conventional method of obtaining a spacing between substrates by spraying spherical or cylindrical spacers made of plastic or silica on the substrate, the position of the spherical or cylindrical spacer cannot be fixed within the substrate, and the position of the spherical or cylindrical spacer cannot be fixed within the display region. Since they are arranged, there is a problem that the alignment of the liquid crystal is disturbed and the contrast ratio is lowered. In recent years, attempts to reduce the distance between substrates to achieve a high-speed response have been made, for example, by IDR 97 (I
DRC97), page L-66.
However, since the spherical or cylindrical spacers agglomerate on the substrate, it is difficult to achieve uniform substrate spacing in the plane, and in particular, as the substrate spacing becomes thinner, uniformity becomes more difficult. Therefore, a spherical or cylindrical spacer and a material mainly composed of acrylic resin etc. are used together to prevent the aggregation of the spherical or cylindrical spacer and to fix the position in the substrate plane to make the thin substrate spacing uniform in the plane. An attempt to improve the display quality and display quality is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-197414. This sectional view is shown in FIG.

[0006]

Generally, in order to bond two substrates by using a resin spacer mainly composed of an acrylic resin or the like and to realize a uniform distance between the substrates in the display element surface, a resin spacer is generally used. The adhesion and hardness of the steel are important factors. In order to improve the adhesive strength of the resin spacer, the temperature of the post-bake performed after the resin spacer shape forming process such as photolithography or printing is reduced, and the two substrates are bonded in a state where the thermosetting does not completely proceed. Assemble and bake while applying pressure. At this time, if the thermosetting of the resin spacer before the assembly and firing is excessively advanced, the adhesive force is reduced, and the bonded portion of the resin spacer is peeled off by impact or pressure. Therefore, if the assembly and firing are performed under the condition that the thermosetting of the resin spacer before the assembly and firing has not progressed, the adhesive strength can be enhanced. However, since the thermal hardness of the resin spacer has not progressed, the resin spacer is crushed by the pressure at the time of assembling and firing, and there is a problem that uniform substrate spacing cannot be realized.

For example, JP-A-9-304756,
In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 7-318912, two resin spacers are used.
The substrates are bonded in a partition shape between the substrates, but there is no description about a scribe-break process of the liquid crystal display element after assembling and firing. In consideration of mass productivity, a scribe-break process is required, and an adhesive force that can withstand an impact in this process is required. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-30 / 1990
No. 4,756, JP-A-7-318912,
The partition wall width of the partition-like resin spacer is 25 μm. In recent years, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-104645, high definition and large capacity of the liquid crystal display element are progressing, and a smaller partition width is required. Is done. When a liquid crystal display element is used as a light valve of a liquid crystal projector, high definition is an essential condition. When the above-mentioned resin spacer is used for these liquid crystal display elements, the partition wall width is set to 25
It must be smaller than μm. This is because display is affected unless a partition is provided in the light shielding layer between display picture elements. Further, the width between partition walls must be within a certain range, and it is impossible to increase the number of partition walls. Then, the bonding area ratio of the partition wall to the element is reduced, and the bonding strength is reduced. Therefore, there is a problem that the bonded portion is more easily peeled off by an impact such as a scribe-break process.

Further, when a material whose degree of thermal curing largely depends on the temperature and time of post-baking is used as the resin spacer, the hardness of the resin spacer may be reduced if the temperature distribution in the substrate surface during post-baking is not uniform. A problem arises in that distribution occurs, making uniform substrate spacing impossible. Further, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-152857, current liquid crystal display elements are easily affected by changes due to external force. For example, the display changes only by touching the liquid crystal display element, and a desired display is not obtained. There is a problem that it cannot be obtained.
This is because the distance between the substrates of the liquid crystal display element changes due to external force.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to make uniform the spacing between substrates when bonding two substrates by using a resin spacer, to enhance the adhesive force, and to provide a scribe or break. It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display element that can withstand the impact of a process or the like and is less likely to cause peeling of a resin spacer, and a method of manufacturing the same.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above object, a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention uses a material mainly composed of an acrylic resin or the like and a spherical or cylindrical spacer made of plastic or silica. . At this time,
By increasing the coating thickness of a material mainly composed of acrylic resin or the like to be larger than the diameter of the spherical or cylindrical spacer of plastic or silica, the two substrates can be bonded with a material mainly composed of acrylic resin or the like. it can. In addition, in order to improve the adhesive strength and prevent the adhesive peeling due to external force, the hardening of the material mainly composed of an acrylic resin or the like has not progressed much, and the acrylic resin or the like is mainly composed by the pressure at the time of assembling and firing. Conditions are set so that the material collapses. After that, although crushing occurs due to the pressure at the time of assembling and firing, the substrate is crushed and adhered in a uniform state by the resin spacer. As described above, the two substrates can be strongly adhered while maintaining a uniform distance between the substrates.
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view thereof. However, when applied to a substrate having a light-shielding layer, a material mainly composed of an acrylic resin or the like must not protrude from the light-shielding layer when crushed by pressure during assembly and firing. This is because a portion protruding from the light-shielding layer to the display pixel portion cannot be used for display, and a non-display portion in the display pixel portion occurs, which adversely affects display.

FIG. 2 shows this state. Therefore, when the shape of the columnar resin spacer is height h and the width (diameter) w, the diameter of the plastic or silica spherical or cylindrical spacer used together is R, and the width of the light shielding layer is B, these relationships are Equation (1) should be satisfied.

(H−R) × w ≦ (B−w) × R (1) If the condition of Expression (1) is used, an acrylic resin or the like from the light shielding layer to the display pixel portion is mainly used. Material that runs out can be prevented.

Further, when a spherical spacer and a columnar resin spacer are used together, it is desirable that the following condition is satisfied: 2 × R + w ≦ B (2) This is to prevent a situation in which the center of the spherical spacer does not coincide with the center of the resin spacer, so that the spherical spacer protruding from the resin spacer does not protrude into the light shielding layer. FIG. 3 shows a perspective view. Similarly, when the cylindrical particle spacer and the columnar resin spacer are used together, it is desirable that the length of the cylindrical spacer be L, and that 2 × L + w ≦ B (3) be satisfied. FIG. 4 shows a perspective view.

Further, in a liquid crystal display device to which the present manufacturing method is applied, a change in display when an external force is applied to the device can be prevented. This is because the two substrates are adhered by the resin spacer, and a change in the distance between the substrates due to an external force can be suppressed.

The above means not only prevents the resin spacer from being peeled off from the two substrates due to an external impact in the display element manufacturing process, but also realizes a liquid crystal display element in which the display does not change due to an external force. Since the temperature distribution during manufacturing is allowed, the manufacturing yield is also improved.

[0016]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing the first embodiment of the present invention. The alignment film 4 is applied to the substrate 2 by using a spin coating method or a printing method.

A columnar resin spacer 51 is formed on one substrate 2 using a material mainly composed of acrylic resin or the like. The photolithography method or the printing method may be used for the formation method, but when using the photolithography method, it is necessary to mix a photosensitive material. However, a finer structure can be formed by photolithography. When a printing method is used, the photosensitive material may be omitted. Alternatively, the cylindrical particle spacer 61 may be sprayed after applying a material mainly composed of an acrylic resin or the like into which the cylindrical particle spacer 61 is not mixed. However, the coating thickness of the material mainly composed of an acrylic resin or the like is set to be larger than the diameter of the cylindrical particle spacer made of plastic or silica. The post-bake after the formation of the spacer is performed in a short time.

Next, the substrate 2 on which the columnar resin spacer 51 is formed and the other substrate 2 are subjected to an alignment treatment such as a rubbing method. A sealing material 9 is applied in a shape surrounding the display area and having an opening for injecting liquid crystal, and the two substrates 2 are bonded together. The columnar resin spacers 51 are cured by using means such as heating and pressurizing, and the two substrates 2 are completely bonded. Thereafter, a portion to be used as a display element is cut out from both bonded substrates using a scribe-break process. As a result, the resin spacer does not peel off due to the scribe-break process. Next, when the liquid crystal 8 is injected between the two substrates to form the liquid crystal display element 1, the liquid crystal display element 1 does not change its display even when an external force is applied.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing a second embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the first embodiment of the present invention is that one substrate 2 is provided with a light shielding layer 7,
The point is that the columnar resin spacer 51 is formed on the light shielding layer 7 so as to satisfy the conditions of the equations (1), (2) and (3). As compared with the first embodiment of the present invention, light leakage can be reduced by the light shielding layer 7 and the contrast ratio can be improved, and the resin spacer 51 and the cylindrical particles 61 from the light shielding layer 7 to the display pixel portion can be prevented from protruding. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of an undisplayed portion in the display pixel. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
The difference from the second embodiment of the present invention is that the cylindrical particles 6
The point is that spherical particles 62 are used instead of 1. The spherical particles 62 can provide a larger columnar resin spacer 51 and enhance the adhesive strength, and are particularly advantageous when applied to a high-definition display device in which the width of the light shielding layer 7 is small.

FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the third embodiment of the present invention is that a partition-like resin spacer 52 is formed instead of the column-shaped resin spacer 51. The partition-like resin spacer 52 can increase the bonding area, which is advantageous for further higher definition.

In contrast to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, a liquid crystal 8 exhibiting a smectic C phase such as a ferroelectric liquid crystal or an antiferroelectric liquid crystal is used, and a smectic C phase is applied by applying a temperature gradient in a partition wall direction. Is characterized in that alignment defects peculiar to are reduced. By reducing the alignment defects, the contrast ratio could be improved. Furthermore, since a ferroelectric liquid crystal or an antiferroelectric liquid crystal is used, high-speed display can be realized.

[0022]

Next, embodiments of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described.

Example 1 An alignment film ("AL1254" manufactured by JSR Corporation) is applied to two alkali-free glasses having transparent electrodes ("OA2" manufactured by NEC Corporation). The coating method used was a spin coating method, and the coating was baked at 200 ° C. in a clean oven after the coating. Thereafter, a photosensitive material (Shipley Far East (TM), in which a cylindrical particle spacer having a diameter of 3 μm and a length of 10 μm (“Micro Rod”, a spacer for a liquid crystal cell manufactured by NEC Corporation) is mixed into one of the substrates. Co., Ltd., positive resist MP-S1808) was applied to a thickness of 4 μm by spin coating. The mixing ratio of the cylindrical particle spacer was 10 mg of the cylindrical particles with respect to 10 ml of the photosensitive material.

Next, one side 25 is formed by photolithography.
Many μm columnar resin spacers were formed at 100 μm intervals. 160 ° C in a clean oven as post bake
-Heated for 1 hour to cure the photosensitive material. The substrate on which the spacer was formed and the other substrate were subjected to an alignment treatment by a rubbing method. Further, a sealing material was applied to the substrate on which the columnar resin spacers were formed. The coating was performed by a dispenser method so as to surround a display area and open an opening for liquid crystal injection. The two substrates are bonded together, and the pressure is set to 0.8 kgf / cm 2 and the temperature is set to 180 in a clean oven.
By heating at 2 ° C. for 2 hours, an in-plane uniform substrate interval could be realized with both substrates adhered. The distance between the substrates was 3 μm. A portion to be used as a display element was cut out from both bonded substrates using a scribe-break process. No adhesive peeling of the resin spacer occurred during the scribe-break process. Next, a nematic liquid crystal (a nematic liquid crystal “ZLI-4792” manufactured by Merck Ltd.) was injected between the two substrates to obtain a liquid crystal display device. In this liquid crystal display element, no display change due to external force or impact occurred. Embodiment 2: In the second embodiment,
In comparison with the first embodiment, the use of an alkali-free glass (“OA2” manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.) having a transparent electrode and a light-shielding layer having a width of 30 μm on one substrate 2, and one side by photolithography The difference is that a large number of 10 μm columnar resin spacers are formed at 100 μm intervals. Also in the present embodiment, a uniform in-plane distance between the substrates can be realized in a state where both substrates are bonded, and no adhesive peeling of the resin spacer occurs during the scribe-break process. Further, no display change due to external force or external impact occurred. Further, a material 5 mainly composed of an acrylic resin or the like from the light shielding layer 5
Further, the cylindrical particle spacer 61 did not protrude, and no undisplayed portion in the display pixel portion did not occur.

Embodiment 3 In the third embodiment, a low expansion coefficient alkali-free glass having a transparent electrode and a light-shielding layer having a width of 20 μm (“OA2” manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.) is different from the second embodiment. ), A photosensitive material (positive resist MP-S1808, manufactured by Shipley Far East Co., Ltd.) mixed with spherical particle spacers having a diameter of 3 μm (Nippon Shokubai's LCD spacer “Ricister”) is spin-coated. The difference is that the coating was performed so as to have a film thickness of 4 μm, and the mixing ratio of the spherical particle spacer was 100 mg of the spherical particles per 10 ml of the photosensitive material. Also in the present embodiment, a uniform in-plane distance between the substrates can be realized in a state where both substrates are bonded, and no adhesive peeling of the resin spacer occurs during the scribe-break process. Further, no display change due to external force or external impact occurred. Further, the material 5 containing acrylic resin or the like as a main component and the spherical particle spacer 62 did not protrude from the light shielding layer, and no undisplayed portion in the display pixel portion did not occur. Compared with the second embodiment, the width of the light shielding layer can be reduced without changing the size of the columnar resin spacer, so that the aperture ratio can be improved.

Embodiment 4: The fourth embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that a photosensitive material mixed with a spherical particle spacer having a diameter of 1.5 μm (Nippon Shokubai's LCD spacer “Ricister”) is used. The positive resist MP-S1808 manufactured by Shipley Far East Co., Ltd.) was applied to a thickness of 2 μm by spin coating, and the mixing ratio of the spherical particle spacer was 50 mg of the spherical particle spacer per 10 ml of the photosensitive material. Between the two substrates, a ferroelectric liquid crystal (CS-101 manufactured by Chisso Petrochemical Co., Ltd.)
4 ") to form a liquid crystal display element. A high-speed liquid crystal display element that can achieve uniform in-plane spacing between the substrates with both substrates adhered, does not cause resin spacers to peel off during the scribe and break process, and does not cause display changes due to external force or impact. Could be obtained.

Embodiment 5: The fifth embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that the width is 10 μm by photolithography.
The difference is that a large number of partition resin spacers having a length of 10 cm are formed at intervals of 100 μm. Also in the present embodiment, a uniform in-plane distance between the substrates can be realized in a state where both substrates are bonded, and no adhesive peeling of the resin spacer occurs during the scribe-break process. Further, no display change due to external force or external impact occurred. Further, the material mainly composed of acrylic resin or the like and the spherical particle spacer did not protrude from the light shielding layer, and no undisplayed portion in the display pixel portion did not occur. As compared with the third embodiment, the bonding area can be increased, so that the bonding strength can be improved.

Embodiment 6: The sixth embodiment is different from the fourth embodiment in that a width of 10 μm is obtained by photolithography.
A large number of partition resin spacers having a length of 10 cm and a length of 10 cm were formed at intervals of 100 μm, and an antiferroelectric liquid crystal (an antiferroelectric liquid crystal “CS-40” manufactured by Chisso Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) was placed between two substrates.
00 ”) was injected to form a liquid crystal display element. A uniform spacing between the substrates could be achieved in a state where both substrates were bonded, and no adhesive peeling of the resin spacer occurred in the scribe-break process. Further, this liquid crystal display device was drawn out from a constant temperature layer at 90 ° C. into the air, and an attempt was made to improve the alignment by a temperature gradient. The drawing was performed at a speed of 0.5 mm per minute along the direction of the partition wall, and a uniform orientation without defects could be realized. In this liquid crystal display element, no display change due to external force or external impact occurred.

Embodiment 7: In the seventh embodiment, a photosensitive material (positive resist MP-S1808 manufactured by Shipley Far East Co., Ltd.) is applied to a film having a thickness of 2 μm by a spin coating method as compared with the sixth embodiment. The difference is that the photosensitive material is applied so as to be thicker, and that a spherical particle spacer having a diameter of 1.5 μm (Nippon Shokubai's LCD spacer “Licristar”) having a diameter of 1.5 μm is sprayed per 1 m ² before drying the photosensitive material. In the present embodiment as well, a uniform in-plane spacing between the substrates can be realized in a state where both substrates are adhered, and no adhesive peeling of the resin spacer occurs during the scribe-break process, and there is no defect due to a temperature gradient. Orientation can be realized, and no display change due to external force or external impact occurred. Also,
The resin spacer and the spherical particle spacer did not protrude from the light-shielding layer, and there was no adverse effect on the display. By using the spraying method, the amount of the spherical particle spacer used could be reduced.

Next, a comparative example of the present invention will be described.

Comparative Example 1: FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a first comparative example of the present invention. An alignment film 4 ("AL1254" manufactured by JSR Corporation) is applied to two alkali-free glasses 2 ("OA2" manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.) having transparent electrodes. The coating method used was a spin coating method, and the coating was baked at 200 ° C. in a clean oven after the coating. Then, on one of the substrates,
Photosensitive material (Positive resist MP-S1808 manufactured by Shipley Far East Co., Ltd.)
It was applied to a thickness of μm. Next, a columnar resin spacer 51 having a diameter of 25 μm is
Many were formed at intervals of μm. The photosensitive material was cured by heating at 160 ° C. for 3 hours in a clean oven as post-baking. An alignment treatment by a rubbing method was performed on the substrate on which the spacer was formed and the other substrate. Further, a sealing material 9 was applied to the substrate 2 on which the spacer was formed. The coating was performed by a dispenser method so as to surround a display area and open an opening for liquid crystal injection. The two substrates 2 are bonded together and the pressure is 0.8 kg in a clean oven.
By heating at f / cm 2 and a temperature of 180 ° C. for 2 hours, uniform in-plane substrate spacing could be achieved with both substrates 2 bonded together. The distance between the substrates was 4 μm. A portion to be used as a display element was cut out from both bonded substrates using a scribe-break process, but the resin spacer was peeled off by impact. Next, a nematic liquid crystal 8 (a nematic liquid crystal “ZLI-4792” manufactured by Merck Ltd.) was injected between the two substrates to obtain a liquid crystal display element 1. In the liquid crystal display element 1, since two substrates 2 were not bonded by the resin spacer 51, a display change occurred due to external force or impact.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 In the second comparative example, a photosensitive material (positive resist MP-S1808 manufactured by Shipley Far East Co., Ltd.) was applied to a film having a thickness of 2 μm by spin coating. Thick coating, resulting in a substrate spacing of 2 μm, ferroelectric liquid crystal (Chisso Petrochemical Co., Ltd. ferroelectric liquid crystal “CS-1014”)
In that a liquid crystal display element is obtained by injecting the liquid crystal. A part to be used as a display element was cut out using a scribe-break process, but the resin spacer was peeled off by impact. In this liquid crystal display element, a display change due to external force or impact occurred because the two substrates were not bonded by the resin spacer. Comparative Example 3 FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a third comparative example of the present invention. Compared to the second comparative example, the anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal 8 (manufactured by Chisso Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) has a large number of partition resin spacers 52 having a width of 25 μm and a length of 10 cm formed at intervals of 100 μm by photolithography. The difference is that a dielectric liquid crystal “CS-4000”) is injected to form a liquid crystal display element. Scribing from both bonded substrates
A portion to be used as a display element was cut out using a breaking process, but the partition-like resin spacer 52 was peeled off by impact. The liquid crystal display element 1 was pulled out from a constant temperature layer at 90 ° C. into the air, and an attempt was made to improve the alignment by a temperature gradient. The drawing was performed at a speed of 0.5 mm / min along the partition wall direction. However, since the partition wall-shaped resin spacer 52 was peeled off, the effect of improving the alignment was not obtained.

Comparative Example 4: FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a fourth comparative example of the present invention. The difference from the third comparative example is that heating was performed at 160 ° C. for 1 hour in a clean oven as post-baking. Since the curing of the photosensitive material 5 has not progressed as compared with the third comparative example, the adhesive force by pressure baking after bonding the two substrates 2 is strengthened, and therefore, in the scribe-break process. Partition resin spacer 5
No peeling of the adhesive No. 2 occurred. However, the distance between the substrates varied from 1.1 to 1.8 μm in the plane. Although the orientation was improved by the temperature gradient, display unevenness occurred due to variations in the spacing between the substrates.

Comparative Example 5 FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing a fifth comparative example of the present invention. As compared with the third comparative example, the substrate 2
Low expansion coefficient alkali glass having a transparent electrode and a 5 μm wide NO light-shielding layer 7 on one sheet (“OA” manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.)
2)), a photosensitive material (a positive resist MP manufactured by Shipley Far East Co., Ltd.) mixed with a spherical particle spacer 62 having a diameter of 1.5 μm (Liquistar, a spacer for LCD manufactured by Nippon Shokubai). -S1804) was applied by spin coating to a thickness of 2 μm, a large number of 4 μm wide NO partition resin spacers 52 were formed at 100 μm intervals by photolithography, and 160 mm in a clean oven as post bake. ° C
・ It is different from that heated for 1 hour. During the scribe-break process, no peeling of the partition-like resin spacer 2 occurred, and the orientation due to the temperature gradient was improved. Although no display change due to external force or external impact occurred, the partition resin spacer 52 and the spherical particle spacer 62 from the light shielding layer 7 did not change.
Overrunning occurred, which negatively affected the display. Also,
The sixth comparative example is different from the fifth comparative example in that the spherical particle
A photosensitive material containing no pacer 62 (Shipley F
Positive resist MP-S1808 manufactured by First Co., Ltd.)
Spin coating to a thickness of 2μm
3 μm in diameter after forming the resin spacer
Spherical particle spacer 62 (Nippon Shokubai LCD spacer
"Liclistar"). After pressure firing
The two substrates were not bonded.

[0035]

As described above, according to the liquid crystal display device and the method of manufacturing the same according to the present invention, a material mainly composed of an acrylic resin or the like and a spherical or cylindrical spacer made of plastic or silica are used in combination. The coating thickness of the material mainly composed of acrylic resin or the like is made larger than the diameter of the spherical or cylindrical spacer of silica, and the two substrates are placed in a state where the curing of the material mainly composed of acrylic resin or the like has not progressed. By bonding and sintering, the two substrates are kept in a uniform state,
In addition, since the liquid crystal display device can be strongly adhered, and the impact resistance in the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device can be improved, a liquid crystal display device with improved impact resistance can be manufactured with a high yield.

Further, by using a condition in which a material mainly composed of an acrylic resin or the like and a spherical or cylindrical spacer do not protrude from the light-shielding layer provided on the substrate to the display pixel portion, Since the undisplayed portion can be eliminated, there is an effect that the adverse effect on the display can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing protrusion of a resin material from a light-shielding layer to a display pixel portion.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example in which a resin spacer and a spherical particle spacer are prevented from protruding from a light shielding layer to a display pixel portion.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example in which a resin spacer and a cylindrical particle spacer are prevented from protruding from a light-shielding layer to a display pixel portion.

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing a first embodiment of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, and is a perspective view showing an example in which the present invention is applied to a cylindrical particle spacer and a columnar resin spacer.

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing a second embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, and is a perspective view showing an example in which the present invention is applied to a liquid crystal display device having a light shielding layer.

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view showing a third embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, and is a perspective view showing an example in which the present invention is applied to a spherical particle spacer.

FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view showing a third embodiment of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, and is a perspective view showing an example in which the present invention is applied to a partition resin spacer.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a first comparative example showing a defect as compared with the example of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory sectional view showing a third comparative example.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory sectional view showing a fourth comparative example.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory sectional view showing a fifth comparative example.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view for explaining a liquid crystal display element using a conventional partition-like resin spacer.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view for explaining a liquid crystal display element using a conventional columnar resin spacer.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view for illustrating a conventional liquid crystal display element using both a spherical particle spacer and a columnar resin spacer.

FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional liquid crystal element in which particle spacers are scattered after formation of a columnar resin spacer to prevent damage to the resin spacer.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Liquid crystal display element 2 Substrate 3 Transparent electrode 4 Alignment film 51 Columnar resin spacer 52 Partition resin spacer 61 Cylindrical particle spacer 62. Spherical particle spacer 7 Light shielding layer 8 Liquid crystal 9 Sealing material

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-62-150224 (JP, A) JP-A-1-113729 (JP, A) JP-A-8-110524 (JP, A) JP-A-8-304841 (JP) JP-A-5-61051 (JP, A) JP-A-5-27224 (JP, A) JP-A-4-121709 (JP, A) JP-A-2-154228 (JP, A) 2-96119 (JP, A) JP-A-1-96626 (JP, A) JP-A-63-220116 (JP, A) JP-A-62-231938 (JP, A) JP-A-62-174726 (JP, A) A) JP-A-62-75421 (JP, A) JP-A-62-73232 (JP, A) JP-A-55-36843 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) ) G02F 1/1339 500

Claims (15)

(57) [Claims] 1. A first type of spacer which is less deformed by pressure and heat, and a second spacer having a height higher than the first type of height and melting at a lower temperature than the first spacer. Wherein the second spacers are individually arranged in a specific area in contact with the first type of spacer, and have a height higher than the first type of height. Means for crushing the opposing substrates close to each other to the height of the first type of spacer and crushing and bonding the opposing substrates at the crushed upper and lower portions; one of the two substrates The above specific area is a light shielding layer, and the height, width, and height of the second type spacer before pressure firing, which are arranged within the width of the light shielding layer, are h, and the first type spacer is When the height of the specific area is R and the width of the specific area is B, the following equation (hR) ) × ≦ (B−w) × R (1) 2 × R + w ≦ B (2) 2. A combination of the first type of spacer and the second type of spacer is a first combination of a spherical particle spacer and a columnar resin spacer, and a second combination of a spherical particle spacer and a partition spacer. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display element is any one of a third combination of a cylindrical particle spacer and a columnar resin spacer, and a fourth combination of a cylindrical particle spacer and a partition resin spacer. 3. A first combination in which the first type of spacer and the second peripheral spacer are a spherical particle spacer and a columnar resin spacer, and a second combination in which the first type of spacer is a spherical particle spacer and a partition resin spacer. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, which is one of a combination. 4. A first type of spacer which is less deformed by pressure and heat, and a second spacer having a height higher than that of said first type and melting at a lower temperature than said first spacer. Wherein the second spacers are individually arranged in a specific area in contact with the first type of spacer, and have a height higher than the first type of height. Means for crushing the opposing substrates close to each other to the height of the first type of spacer and crushing and bonding the opposing substrates at the crushed upper and lower portions; on one of the two substrates The specific area is a light-shielding layer, the first type of spacer is a cylindrical spacer having a height L and a diameter R, the height of the second type of spacer is h, the width is w, and the light-shielding layer is When the width of B is B,
Is either a columnar resin spacer or a partition resin spacer, and the following formula (hR) × w ≦ (B−w) × R (1) 2 × L + w ≦ B …………………………………… (3) 5. A smectic C phase of a nematic liquid crystal, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, a thresholdless antiferroelectric liquid crystal, a strain spiral ferroelectric liquid crystal, a twisted ferroelectric liquid crystal, and a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal. 5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein liquid crystal is used. 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the light-shielding layer has a thickness of 10 μm or less. 7. The column-shaped or partition-shaped resin spacer is formed of an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, a polyester resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a cellulose resin, a melanin resin, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, and a positive mold. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising one of a resist. 8. A smectic C phase of a nematic liquid crystal, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, a thresholdless antiferroelectric liquid crystal, a strain spiral ferroelectric liquid crystal, a twisted ferroelectric liquid crystal, and a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the liquid crystals is used. 9. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element having a first type of spacer that is less deformed by pressure and heat and a second spacer that melts at a lower temperature than the first spacer between alignment planes. Having a height higher than the height of the spacers of the first type, being crushed to the diameter of the spacers of the first type by pressure baking between the opposing substrates adjacent to each other, and being fused to the opposing substrate at the crushed upper and lower portions. Arranging a second type of spacer in the light shielding layer in contact with the first type of spacer, and arranging the opposing substrate between the opposing substrates adjacent to each other by the first type of spacer. A pressure baking step of crushing and bonding the second spacer to a substrate by pressing and compressing to a height, and baking the second spacer; The specific area on the substrate is a light-shielding layer, and the height and the width of the second type of spacers before pressure firing, which are arranged within the width of the light-shielding layer, are h and w, respectively. Assuming that the height of the spacer is R and the width of the specific area is B, the following equation (h−R) × w ≦ (B−w) × R (1) 2 × R + w ≦ B (2) A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, wherein the first and second types of spacers are arranged. 10. The combination of the first type of spacer and the second type of spacer is a first combination of a spherical particle spacer and a columnar resin spacer, and a second combination of a spherical particle spacer and a partition resin spacer. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 9, wherein the combination is any one of a combination of a cylindrical particle spacer and a columnar resin spacer, and a fourth combination of a cylindrical particle spacer and a partition resin spacer. . 11. The combination of the first type of spacer and the second type of spacer is a first combination of a spherical particle spacer and a columnar resin spacer, and a combination of the first type of spacer is a spherical particle spacer and a partition resin spacer. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein the method is any one of the combinations of the two. 12. A first material which is less deformed by pressure and heat.
A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having between the alignment planes a spacer of the type and a second spacer that melts at a lower temperature than the first spacer, wherein the height of the spacer is higher than the height of the spacer of the first type; The second type of spacer, which is crushed to the diameter of the first type of spacer by the pressure baking between the opposing substrates adjacent to each other and is fused to the opposing substrate at the crushed upper and lower portions, is connected to the first type of spacer. A spacer arranging step of arranging the second spacer in contact with the spacer in the light shielding layer; and compressing the opposing substrate to a height of the first type of spacer between the opposing substrates adjacent to each other, thereby forming the second spacer. A pressure baking step of crushing, squashing and bonding to the substrate, baking the substrate, wherein the specific area on one of the two substrates is a light shielding layer, and L width When the height of the second type of spacer is h, the width is w, and the width of the light shielding layer is B, the second type of spacer is a columnar resin spacer and a resin on a partition. A spacer, and satisfies the following expression (hR) × w ≦ (Bw) × R (1) 2 × L + w ≦ B (3) A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element. 13. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 9, further comprising one of a scribe and a break step after firing under pressure. 14. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 9, wherein a particle spacer is mixed into the resin spacer and applied. 15. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to claim 9, wherein the particle spacers are sprayed after applying the resin spacers and before drying.