JP3196221B2 - Impregnated cathode - Google Patents
Impregnated cathodeInfo
- Publication number
- JP3196221B2 JP3196221B2 JP1961391A JP1961391A JP3196221B2 JP 3196221 B2 JP3196221 B2 JP 3196221B2 JP 1961391 A JP1961391 A JP 1961391A JP 1961391 A JP1961391 A JP 1961391A JP 3196221 B2 JP3196221 B2 JP 3196221B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- sleeve
- heater
- impregnated
- emitting material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は含浸型陰極に関し、特に
長寿命化、高信頼化を達成する含浸型陰極に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an impregnated cathode, and more particularly, to an impregnated cathode which achieves a long life and high reliability.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】電子管にとって陰極は、電子管の効率や
寿命を左右する重要な構成要素である。その電子管用陰
極として要求される特性としては、（１）電子放射効率
がよい、（２）電流密度が大きい、（３）放射電子のエ
ネルギーが均一である、（４）安定に動作する、（５）
寿命が長い、（６）電子管の所定の真空にも耐え得る等
が上げられる。2. Description of the Related Art A cathode is an important component that determines the efficiency and life of an electron tube. The characteristics required as the cathode for an electron tube are (1) good electron emission efficiency, (2) large current density, (3) uniform energy of emitted electrons, (4) stable operation, ( 5)
(6) It can withstand a predetermined vacuum of the electron tube.
【０００３】このような特性を得ることができるものと
して、含浸型陰極がある。含浸型陰極は、バリウムを主
成分とする複合酸化物からなる電子放射材料を多孔質の
耐熱性金属基体、例えば、多孔質タングステンに含浸し
たものである。そして、この含浸型陰極は、通常ヒータ
を収納するスリーブに装着し、更に、ヒータを収納して
使用される。使用時、多孔質金属基体の含浸された複合
酸化物中の酸化金属がヒータにより加熱され、活性化温
度で還元され遊離金属となり上記多孔質金属基体表面に
拡散して単原子層を形成する。このようにして形成され
る単原子層がタングステンと比較して仕事関数がはるか
に小さくなるようにすることにより、効率的な電子放出
が可能となる。[0003] An impregnated cathode is one that can obtain such characteristics. The impregnated cathode is obtained by impregnating a porous heat-resistant metal substrate, for example, porous tungsten, with an electron-emitting material composed of a composite oxide containing barium as a main component. The impregnated cathode is usually mounted on a sleeve that houses a heater, and is further used while housing the heater. In use, the metal oxide in the composite oxide impregnated with the porous metal substrate is heated by a heater, reduced at the activation temperature and becomes free metal, and diffuses to the surface of the porous metal substrate to form a monoatomic layer. By making the work function of the monoatomic layer thus formed much smaller than that of tungsten, efficient electron emission becomes possible.
【０００４】この様な含浸型陰極は、含浸される電子放
射材料の組成，組成比，基体金属の種類等の違い、ある
いは、陰極表面上に形成されたＯｓ，Ｉｒ等の薄膜の有
無等により、種々の種類が存在する。[0004] Such an impregnated type cathode depends on the composition and composition ratio of the electron emitting material to be impregnated, the type of the base metal, and the like, or the presence or absence of a thin film of Os, Ir or the like formed on the cathode surface. There are various types.
【０００５】例えば、最も代表的な含浸型陰極には、２
０％の空孔率を有するポーラスタングステン基体金属
に、５ＢａＯ・３ＣａＯ・２Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 （モル比）から
なる電子放射材料を含浸させたものがあり、これは通常
Ｂタイプと呼称されている。For example, the most typical impregnated cathodes include 2
There is a porous tungsten base metal having a porosity of 0% impregnated with an electron-emitting material composed of 5BaO.3CaO.2Al 2 O 3 (molar ratio), and this is usually called a B type.
【０００６】また、上記Ｂタイプの陰極表面にＯｓある
いはＯｓ−Ｒｕ合金，Ｗ−Ｓｃ等の被膜を形成したＭタ
イプと称される含浸型陰極も使用されている。[0006] An impregnated cathode called an M type in which a coating of Os or an Os-Ru alloy, W-Sc or the like is formed on the surface of the B type cathode is also used.
【０００７】更に、最近では、陰極基体としてタングス
テン粉末とＩｒ粉末を混合して焼成したＭＭタイプや、
基体金属とヒータとの間に含浸用電子放射材料を蓄積す
るキャビティを設け、バリウムの絶対量を増加させたＬ
タイプカソード等が提案されている。Further, recently, as a cathode substrate, an MM type in which tungsten powder and Ir powder are mixed and fired,
A cavity for accumulating an electron emitting material for impregnation is provided between a base metal and a heater to increase the absolute amount of barium.
Type cathodes and the like have been proposed.
【０００８】次に、含浸型陰極の動作について説明す
る。Next, the operation of the impregnated cathode will be described.
【０００９】基体金属として、タングステンを使用する
と、含浸型陰極は動作中に於いて、例えば、以下の反応
式 ３Ｂａ3 Ａｌ2 Ｏ6 ＋６ＣａＯ＋Ｗ＝３Ｂａ 2 Ｃａ
Ａｌ 2 Ｏ 6 ＋Ｃａ 3 ＷＯ 6 ＋３Ｂａ に示される様な反
応により、遊離Ｂａを生成する。この遊離Ｂａはタング
ステン基体金属の空孔を通って陰極表面に達し、Ｂａ−
Ｏ単原子層を形成する。その結果、陰極表面の仕事関数
を低下させる。When tungsten is used as the base metal, the impregnated cathode can be operated, for example, by the following reaction formula: 3Ba 3 Al 2 O 6 + 6CaO + W = 3Ba 2 Ca
Al 2 O 6 + Ca 3 WO 6 Free Ba is produced by a reaction as shown in + 3Ba. This free Ba reaches the cathode surface through the holes of the tungsten base metal, and the Ba-
An O monoatomic layer is formed. As a result, the work function of the cathode surface is reduced.
【００１０】上述したような一連の含浸型陰極は、高電
流密度化，長寿命化，高信頼性化の達成を図る目的で作
製されてきたものである。[0010] A series of impregnated cathodes as described above have been manufactured for the purpose of achieving high current density, long life, and high reliability.
【００１１】この中でＬタイプカソードは、長寿命化カ
ソードとして注目され、従来では下記のように製造され
ていた。[0011] Among them, the L-type cathode has attracted attention as a long-life cathode, and has conventionally been manufactured as follows.
【００１２】（１）図４に示す通り、基体金属１４とキ
ャビティ１５，陰極スリーブ１６の３部品を一度にレー
ザ溶接に封着していた。(1) As shown in FIG. 4, the three parts of the base metal 14, the cavity 15, and the cathode sleeve 16 were sealed at one time by laser welding.
【００１３】（２）図５に示す通り、陰極スリーブ１７
の凹部に電子放射材料１８を充填した後、基体金属１９
と陰極スリーブ１７をろう付部２０でろう付し封着して
いた。(2) As shown in FIG. 5, the cathode sleeve 17
Are filled with the electron emitting material 18 and then the base metal 19 is filled.
And the cathode sleeve 17 were brazed and sealed at the brazing portion 20.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述した従来の方法で
は、基体金属にキャビティおよび陰極スリーブの３部品
を一度に溶接すると、各金属部品が高融点金属であり、
且つ、材質，形状が異なるために、溶接時に割れが発生
しやすく、経時的に溶接部の割れ部から電子放射材料が
リークするという問題点があった。In the above-mentioned conventional method, when the three parts of the cavity and the cathode sleeve are welded to the base metal at one time, each metal part is a refractory metal,
In addition, since the material and the shape are different, cracks are easily generated at the time of welding, and there is a problem that the electron emitting material leaks from the cracked portion of the welded portion over time.
【００１５】また、電子放射材料充填後、基体金属と、
陰極スリーブをろう付するとろう材料が高融点のため、
ろう材料より先に電子放射材料が溶解し、ろう材料と混
合溶融してしまう。この結果、陰極の仕事関数を上昇さ
せ電子放出特性を劣化させるという問題点があった。After filling the electron emitting material, the base metal and
When brazing the cathode sleeve, the brazing material has a high melting point,
The electron emitting material dissolves before the brazing material, and is mixed and melted with the brazing material. As a result, there is a problem that the work function of the cathode is increased and the electron emission characteristics are deteriorated.
【００１６】本発明の目的は、基体金属とキャビティお
よび陰極スリーブに割れの発生による電子放射材料のリ
ークと電子放射材料とろう材との混合溶融による電子放
射特性の劣化のない安定した含浸型陰極を提供すること
にある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a stable impregnated cathode which does not deteriorate electron emission characteristics due to leakage of the electron emitting material due to cracking of the base metal, the cavity and the cathode sleeve, and mixing and melting of the electron emitting material and the brazing material. Is to provide.
【００１７】[0017]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、側板と底板と
を有してヒータスリーブが構成され、前記ヒータスリー
ブの側板および底板によって形成された凹状の内部に電
子放射材料を埋設し、陰極スリーブをろう接した多孔質
高融点金属製の円盤状の基体金属を前記電子放射材料の
上に被せてなる含浸型陰極であって、前記ヒータスリー
ブの底板の外側に位置する前記ヒータスリーブの側板の
箇所より離間する箇所において前記ヒータスリーブの側
板と前記陰極スリーブが封着されている。According to the present invention, there is provided a heater sleeve having a side plate and a bottom plate, wherein an electron emitting material is embedded in a concave portion formed by the side plate and the bottom plate of the heater sleeve, and a cathode is provided. brazing porous refractory metal disc-shaped base metal sleeve an impregnated cathode comprising top cap of the electron-emitting material, the side plates of the heater sleeve located outside the bottom plate of the heater sleeve of
The side plate of the heater sleeve and the cathode sleeve are sealed at a location separated from the location.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例】次に、本発明の実施例について図面を参照し
て説明する。Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
【００１９】図１は本発明の第１の実施例の縦断面図で
ある。FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention.
【００２０】第１の実施例は、図１に示す様に、空孔率
２０％のポーラスＷ基体金属１とＭｏ−Ｒｅ合金の陰極
スリーブ２をＭｏ−Ｒｕ合金ろう材３を配置させ、水素
雰囲気中２０３０℃で加熱し、Ｍｏ−Ｒｕ合金ろう材３
を溶融させポーラスＷ基体金属１と陰極スリーブ２をろ
う付する。ここで得られた陰極基体４は、ろう付により
封着されているため、溶接割れによる電子放射材料５の
リークは無い。In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a porous W base metal 1 having a porosity of 20% and a cathode sleeve 2 made of a Mo-Re alloy are arranged with a Mo-Ru alloy brazing material 3 and hydrogen Mo-Ru alloy brazing material 3 heated at 2030 ° C in atmosphere
Is melted, and the porous W base metal 1 and the cathode sleeve 2 are brazed. Since the cathode substrate 4 obtained here is sealed by brazing, there is no leakage of the electron emission material 5 due to welding cracks.
【００２１】電子放射材料５を充填させる凹部を設けた
Ｍｏ−Ｒｅ製のヒータスリーブ６に電子放射材料５を充
填させ、その上部から陰極基体４により蓋をし、側面レ
ーザ溶接部７をレーザ溶接することによって、電子放射
材料５を陰極スリーブ２内に密封する。ここでの側面レ
ーザ溶接部７は、同一材質で、且つ、形状も似ているた
め、熱応力のバランスが良くなり、溶接時の割れを防止
できる効果がある。The heater sleeve 6 made of Mo-Re provided with a concave portion for filling the electron emitting material 5 is filled with the electron emitting material 5, and the upper portion thereof is covered with the cathode base 4. By doing so, the electron emitting material 5 is sealed in the cathode sleeve 2. Here, the side surface laser welded portions 7 are made of the same material and have similar shapes, so that the balance of thermal stress is improved and there is an effect that cracking during welding can be prevented.
【００２２】本実施例では陰極スリーブ，ヒータスリー
ブの材質をＭｏ−Ｒｅで説明したが、Ｍｏ−Ｒｅ以外の
高融点金属、例えば、Ｔａ，Ｍｏ等を用いても同様な効
果が得られる事は言うまでもない。In this embodiment, the material of the cathode sleeve and the heater sleeve is described as Mo-Re. However, the same effect can be obtained by using a metal having a high melting point other than Mo-Re, such as Ta or Mo. Needless to say.
【００２３】図２は本発明の第２の実施例の陰極基体の
縦断面図、図３は図２の陰極基体を用いた含浸型陰極の
縦断面図である。FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a cathode base according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an impregnated cathode using the cathode base of FIG.
【００２４】第２の実施例は、図２に示す様に、空孔率
１８％のポーラスなタングステン８０％，イリジウム２
０％のＷ−Ｉｒポーラス合金基体金属８とＴａ製のＴａ
陰極スリーブ９をＭｏ−Ｒｕ合金ろう材３によりろう付
する。In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, 80% of porous tungsten having a porosity of 18% and iridium 2
0% W-Ir porous alloy base metal 8 and Ta made of Ta
The cathode sleeve 9 is brazed with the Mo-Ru alloy brazing material 3.
【００２５】ここで得られた陰極基体金属１１に、電子
放射材料であるバリウム・カルシウム・アルミネート１
０を水素雰囲気中１７５０℃で含浸する。The barium calcium aluminate 1 which is an electron emitting material was added to the obtained cathode base metal 11.
0 at 1750 ° C. in a hydrogen atmosphere.
【００２６】さらに、図３に示すように、含浸した後、
余剰の電子放射材料を取り除いた陰極基体１１をＴａ製
のＴａヒータスリーブ１２の上に充填したバリウム・カ
ルシウム・アルミネート１０の上に配置し、側面レーザ
溶接部１３でレーザ溶接すする。Further, as shown in FIG. 3, after impregnation,
The cathode substrate 11 from which the excess electron emission material has been removed is placed on the barium / calcium / aluminate 10 filled on the Ta heater sleeve 12 made of Ta, and laser-welded at the side laser welding portion 13.
【００２７】ここで得られた含浸型陰極は、あらかじ
め、Ｗ−Ｉｒポーラス合金基体金属８に電子放射材料が
含浸されているため、カソード活性の時間が非常に短く
て済むという効果がある。The impregnated cathode obtained here has an effect that the cathode activation time is very short because the W-Ir porous alloy base metal 8 is impregnated with the electron emitting material in advance.
【００２８】また、ヒータスリーブは、あらかじめ、ヒ
ータとアルミナによりポッテッド化しても使用できるこ
とはいうまでもない。It is needless to say that the heater sleeve can be used even if it is potted with a heater and alumina in advance.
【００２９】[0029]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明は、基体金
属と陰極スリーブをろう付した陰極基体とヒータスリー
ブとを溶接によって封着させることにより、次の様な効
果を有する。As described above, the present invention has the following effects by sealing the base metal and the cathode sleeve to which the cathode sleeve is brazed and the heater sleeve by welding.
【００３０】（１）同一材質、形状の部品を溶接するの
で、溶接時の割れを防止できる。(1) Since parts of the same material and shape are welded, cracking during welding can be prevented.
【００３１】（２）これにより、電子放射材料のリーク
が防止でき、安定した電子放射特性が得られる。(2) As a result, leakage of the electron emitting material can be prevented, and stable electron emitting characteristics can be obtained.
【００３２】（３）あらかじめ、電子放射材料を基体金
属に含浸することができ、活性時間を大幅に削減でき
る。(3) The base material can be impregnated with the electron-emitting material in advance, and the activation time can be greatly reduced.
【図１】本発明の第１の実施例の縦断面図である。FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の第２の実施例の陰極基体の縦断面図で
ある。FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a cathode base according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】図２の陰極基体を用いた含浸型陰極の縦断面図
である。FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an impregnated cathode using the cathode substrate of FIG. 2;
【図４】従来の含浸型陰極の一例の縦断面図である。FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of an example of a conventional impregnated cathode.
【図５】従来の含浸型陰極の他の例の縦断面図である。FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of another example of a conventional impregnated cathode.
１ ポーラスＷ基体金属 ２ 陰極スリーブ ３ Ｍｏ−Ｒｕ合金ろう材 ４，１１ 陰極基体 ５，１８ 電子放射材料 ６ ヒータスリーブ ７，１３ 側面レーザ溶接部 ８ Ｗ−Ｉｒポーラス合金基体金属 ９ Ｔａ陰極スリーブ １０ バリウム・カルシウム・アルミネート １２ Ｔａヒータスリーブ １４，１９ 基体金属 １５ キャビティ １６，１７ 陰極スリーブ ２０ ろう付部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Porous W base metal 2 Cathode sleeve 3 Mo-Ru alloy brazing material 4, 11 Cathode base 5, 18 Electron emission material 6 Heater sleeve 7, 13 Side laser welding part 8 W-Ir porous alloy base metal 9 Ta cathode sleeve 10 Barium Calcium aluminate 12 Ta heater sleeve 14, 19 Base metal 15 Cavity 16, 17 Cathode sleeve 20 Brazing part
フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) H01J 1/28 H01J 9/04 H01J 29/04 Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) H01J 1/28 H01J 9/04 H01J 29/04
Claims (1)
構成され、前記ヒータスリーブの側板および底板によっ
て形成された凹状の内部に電子放射材料を埋設し、陰極
スリーブをろう接した多孔質高融点金属製の円盤状の基
体金属を前記電子放射材料の上に被せてなる含浸型陰極
であって、前記ヒータスリーブの底板の外側に位置する
前記ヒータスリーブの側板の箇所より離間する箇所にお
いて前記ヒータスリーブの側板と前記陰極スリーブが封
着されていることを特徴とする含浸型陰極。1. A heater and a side plate and a bottom plate sleeve is configured, the buried electron-emitting material inside the concave formed by the side plates and the bottom plate of the heater sleeve, porous high the cathode sleeve and brazing An impregnated cathode obtained by covering a disc-shaped base metal made of a melting point metal on the electron-emitting material, and at a location apart from a location of a side plate of the heater sleeve located outside a bottom plate of the heater sleeve. An impregnated cathode, wherein a side plate of a heater sleeve and the cathode sleeve are sealed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1961391A JP3196221B2 (en) | 1991-02-13 | 1991-02-13 | Impregnated cathode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1961391A JP3196221B2 (en) | 1991-02-13 | 1991-02-13 | Impregnated cathode |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04259726A JPH04259726A (en) | 1992-09-16 |
| JP3196221B2 true JP3196221B2 (en) | 2001-08-06 |
Family
ID=12004037
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1961391A Expired - Lifetime JP3196221B2 (en) | 1991-02-13 | 1991-02-13 | Impregnated cathode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3196221B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105702542A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-06-22 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Rhenium doped tungsten-based alloy cathode and preparation method thereof |
-
1991
- 1991-02-13 JP JP1961391A patent/JP3196221B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04259726A (en) | 1992-09-16 |
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