JP3195985B2 - Antenna device and transmission waveguide - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an antenna device and a transmission waveguide used for the antenna device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 10, a transmission waveguide used for an antenna device of this type has two disk-shaped metal plates 20a and 20b which are arranged to face each other. , 20b are closed by an outer peripheral ring 20c, and a transmission space 20d is provided in a space formed by the metal plates 20a, 20b and the outer peripheral ring 20c.

The transmission space 20d has a radial shape.

In constructing an antenna device using this transmission waveguide, a coupling portion 21a of an antenna element 21 is inserted into a transmission space 20d from a small hole 20e of one metal plate 20a forming a pair. I have.

The power radiating section 21 of the antenna element 21
b is provided so as to protrude from the metal plate 20a, and supplies power to the other metal plate 20b.
2 were provided.

[0006]

In the antenna device using the transmission waveguide shown in FIG. 10, radio waves are radiated from the power radiating portion 21b toward the front of the metal plate 20a.

When the radio wave is radiated toward the front of the metal plate 20a, a part of the radio wave is
The light is re-emitted from a into the transmission space 20d.

[0008] At this time, the radiated radio wave 20f affects the coupling portion 21a of the adjacent antenna element 21 as shown in FIG. 10, thereby deteriorating the antenna characteristics. This means
The same can be said for each antenna element.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an antenna device and a transmission waveguide in which the mutual influence of radio waves re-radiated into the transmission waveguide is reduced to improve the antenna characteristics.

[0010]

To achieve the above object, an antenna device according to the present invention is an antenna device comprising a combination of a transmission waveguide and an antenna element, wherein the transmission waveguides are mutually connected. A pair of metal plates arranged opposite to each other, and an outer peripheral wall closing an outer peripheral edge of the pair of metal plates, formed of the pair of metal plates and the outer peripheral wall;
In one space, there are two or more transmission spaces electromagnetically shielded from each other, and the two or more transmission spaces are formed of the metal plate.
A plurality of small holes communicating with the transmission space are provided in one of the pair of metal plates, and the other of the pair of metal plates is formed in a sector shape around the center. the <br/> and the transmission space function of supplying electric power to, the provided power output section having a function of collecting the electric power of the transmission space is at the time of reception, the antenna element is the one and the small holes than the inserted coupling part to the transmission space of transmission waveguide provided on the gold <br/> genus plate, forward of the metal plate having the small holes being coupled together to said coupling unit And a power radiating portion protruding from the power radiating portion.

An antenna device according to the present invention is a combination of a transmission waveguide and an antenna element, wherein the transmission waveguide comprises: a pair of metal plates arranged to face each other; An outer peripheral wall closing an outer peripheral edge of the pair of metal plates, two or more electromagnetically shielded from each other in one space formed by the pair of metal plates and the outer peripheral wall; And the two or more transmission spaces are
Around the center of the metal plate is formed in a sector shape,
Said pair to one of the metal plates forming the, the antenna elements are provided, on the other metal plate forming the said pair has a function of supplying electric power to the transmission space in transmission, the transmission space during reception A power input / output unit having a function of collecting power inside the antenna, wherein the antenna element is formed in an opening shape (slot shape) in the one metal plate and communicates with the transmission space to radiate power. It has a required opening area.

A transmission waveguide according to the present invention is a transmission waveguide having at least a pair of metal plates, an outer peripheral wall, a transmission space, and a power input / output unit, wherein the pair of metal plates is provided. Are arranged so as to face each other, an outer peripheral edge of the pair of metal plates is closed by the outer peripheral wall, and the transmission space is one formed by the pair of metal plate and the outer peripheral wall.
The center of the space, which is at least two transmission space between them is electromagnetically shielded, the two or more transmission space of the metal plate
A plurality of small holes for installing an antenna element or a slot having an opening area necessary for power radiation are formed in the transmission space on one of the pair of metal plates formed in a sector shape around the portion. provided in communication with, the other metal plate forming the pair has a function of supplying electric power to the transmission space during transmission, and a function of collecting electric power of the transmission space in reception The power input / output unit is provided.

Further, a transmission waveguide according to the present invention is a transmission waveguide having at least a pair of metal plates, an outer peripheral wall, a transmission space, and a power input / output unit, wherein the pair of metal plates is provided. Are arranged so as to face each other, an outer peripheral edge of the pair of metal plates is closed by the outer peripheral wall, and the transmission space is one formed by the pair of metal plate and the outer peripheral wall.
The center of the space, which is at least two transmission space between them is electromagnetically shielded, the two or more transmission space of the metal plate
A plurality of small holes for installing an antenna element or a slot having an opening area necessary for power radiation are provided on one of the paired metal plates, which is formed in a sector shape around the portion. The other metal plate forming the pair has a function of supplying power to the transmission space formed between the metal plate forming the pair and an outer peripheral wall at the time of transmission , and a function of supplying power to the transmission space at the time of reception. The power input / output unit having a function of collecting power is provided, and the power input / output unit is provided with a dielectric interposed between the other metal plate and the microstrip line in the pair, and A microstrip power supply structure for feeding power between the metal plate and the microstrip line, or a microstrip line provided in the dielectric by interposing a dielectric between the other metal plate and the ground plate forming the pair. The other metal plate and ground plate A triplate feed structure for supplying power between the cross trip line.

[0014]

The mutual influence of radio waves re-emitted into the transmission waveguide will be considered. Since the transmission space in the conventional transmission waveguide is a radial transmission space without partitions, reciprocal effects of re-radiated radio waves are widespread.

According to the present invention, the antenna characteristics are improved by dividing the radial transmission space into a plurality of small spaces, electromagnetically shielding the small spaces from each other, and reducing the mutual influence of re-radiated radio waves. It is.

[0016]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1B is a partial sectional view of FIG. 1A, and FIG. FIG. 3 (a)
FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating an internal structure of a transmission waveguide.

1A and 1B, the antenna device according to the present embodiment is a combination of a transmission waveguide 1 and an antenna element 2. FIG.

The transmission waveguide 1 is, as shown in FIG.
Disc-shaped metal plates 1a, 1 arranged facing each other
b, and a ring-shaped outer peripheral wall 1c that closes between the outer peripheral edges of the pair of metal plates 1a and 1b.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 (a), the radial transmission space in the transmission waveguide 1 is a transmission space 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ as a small space where the spaces between them are electromagnetically shielded. Is divided into

The transmission spaces 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ are shown in FIGS.
As shown in (a), the fan is formed by partitioning the fan into a fan-shaped shielding plate 4.

Here, in the embodiment, the radial transmission space in the transmission waveguide 1 is divided into three transmission spaces, but the number of divisions of the transmission space is not limited to three, but may be two or more.

In the following description, a case where the transmission space is divided into three transmission spaces will be described. In the case of two or more transmission spaces, the same treatment is performed.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the shielding plate 4 is formed such that an inner edge 4a rises vertically. A power input / output unit 6 described later is provided on the inner diameter side of the plurality of shielding plates 4.

As shown in FIG. 3B, the inner edge 4a of the shield plate 4 may be cut in a tapered shape from the lowermost end in an upwardly inclined direction. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3 (c), the end 4a on the inner diameter side may be cut out from the middle in a tapered shape in an upwardly inclined direction. With this structure, reflection from the inner diameter side edge 4a can be reduced.

A coupling part 2 of the antenna element 2 described later
In the case where the degree of re-radiation from a to the transmission spaces 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ is extremely small, the length L of the shielding plate 4 shown in FIGS. May be. Furthermore, FIG.
The inclination angle θ of the taper shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3D, when the re-radiation is extremely small, the upper and lower ends of the shielding plate 4 may be cut out in a tapered shape from the center outward.

The pair of metal plates 1a and 1b arranged facing each other has a convex conical shape in which the center of the lower metal plate 1b projects downward (FIG. 4A), and the center of the lower metal plate 1b is Concave cone protruding upward (FIG. 4B), upper metal plate 1a
A concave cone with the center of the dent recessed downward (Fig. 4
(C)), the conical parts shown in FIGS. 4 (a), (b) and (c) are replaced with curved conical parts,
Curved surfaces can be used in appropriate combination. FIG.
FIG. 4D shows a case where the lower metal plate 1b of FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5D, the power input / output unit 6 described later in the conical portion of the lower metal plate 1b is used.
A horizontal portion 1e is provided at the center where
As shown in (c), a horizontal portion 1e may be provided at the center of the conical portion of the upper metal plate 1a where the power input / output unit 6 described later is provided.

The external shape of the metal plates 1a and 1b is circular, but may be polygonal.

FIG. 1 shows a pair of metal plates 1a.
Transmission as shown in (a) space 3 _1, 3 _2, 3 a plurality _{of 3} power radiated in communication with has a very small diameter stoma 5,5 ...
Is provided.

FIG. 3 shows the other pair of metal plates 1b.
The power input / output unit 6 is provided as shown in FIG.
Here, the power input / output unit 6 transmits the transmission space 3 ₁ ,
3 _2, 3 and function to supply electric power to the ₃ transmission space 3 at the time of reception
_1, 3 has a function of collecting power of _2, 3 _3.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the power input / output unit 6 is provided at the center of the other metal plate 1b. FIG.
The power input / output unit 6 shown in (a) has a coaxial power supply structure, in which an outer conductor 7a of a coaxial power supply line 7 is coupled to a lower metal plate 1b, and an inner conductor 7b is connected to a shield 4 is inserted into a space formed between the inner diameter side edges 4a.

The power input / output unit 6 is not limited to the coaxial power supply structure shown in FIG. That is, the power input / output unit 6 shown in FIG. 6 has a microstrip power supply structure. In this structure, a dielectric 8 is attached to the back surface of the lower metal plate 1b, and a microstrip line 9
Is attached. Furthermore, microstrip line 9
The metal rod 12 connected to the tip of the metal plate 1b
It has a structure inserted between metal plates 1a and 1b forming a pair through f. In this case, power is supplied between the metal plate 1b and the microstrip line 9.

The power input / output unit 6 shown in FIG. 7 has a triplate power supply structure. This structure has a structure in which the back surface of the microstrip line 9 shown in FIG. 6 is covered with a ground plate 11 via a dielectric 10 and power is supplied between the ground plate 11 and the metal plate 1b and the microstrip line 9. ing.

In this case, in the case of the microstrip power supply structure shown in FIG. 6 and the triplate power supply structure shown in FIG. 7, electronic or electric devices such as a satellite broadcast converter, a phase shifter, and a resistor are integrally incorporated. It is possible to make the entire antenna device compact.

The above power input output section 6, a case where the number and one, the power to the transmission space 3 _1, 3 _2, 3 ₃ of the plurality of fan-shaped from the center of the metal plate 1b It was a distribution supply. FIG. 8 shows a case in which three power input / output units 6 are provided, and dedicated power input / output units 6 are provided in the transmission spaces 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , and 3 ₃ respectively. In this case, the phase and amplitude can be individually adjusted in each transmission space.

The antenna element 2 shown in FIG. 1A has a coupling section 2a and a power radiating section 2b.

As shown the coupling portion 2a FIG. 1 (b), the supported by a dielectric 2c a small hole 5,5,5 ... the metal plate 1a, the transmission space 3 _1, 3 _2, 3 ₃ It is inserted and electromagnetically coupled.

As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the power radiating portion 2b is provided so as to protrude forward from the metal plate 1a, and transfers the power in the transmission spaces 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ to the air. (Free space). Here, when the radiation from the rising portion 2d protruding forward of the metal plate 1a is used, the rising portion 2d is defined as a part of the power radiating portion 2b.

Incidentally, as this kind of antenna element 2, a linearly polarized antenna (for example, a monopole, a bent antenna,
Various antennas such as a zigzag antenna, an inverted F-type antenna, a patch antenna for linear polarization, and a circularly polarized antenna (for example, a spiral, helical, patch antenna for circular polarization, etc.) can be used.

The antenna element 2 is not limited to the one shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, but may be a metal plate 1 as shown in FIG.
a may be provided as a slot 2e having an opening area necessary for power emission.

In the microstrip power supply structure shown in FIG. 6 and the triplate coupling structure shown in FIG. 7, the transmission conductor having a single radial transmission space which is not divided into small transmission spaces 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 _3. Wave tubes can also be used.

It goes without saying that the transmission and reception reversibility theorem holds for the antenna device of the present invention.

As described above, according to the present invention, one
In a space around the center of the metal plate that forms the space
Since the two or more transmission spaces are partitioned into two or more transmission spaces and the two or more transmission spaces are electromagnetically shielded from each other, mutual influence due to re-radiation from the coupling portion or the slot of the antenna element into the transmission waveguide is reduced. Antenna characteristics can be improved.

Further, in one space, a metal forming the space
Divided into two or more fan-shaped transmission spaces around the center of the plate
By utilizing the fact that the formed transmission spaces are electromagnetically shielded from each other, the phase and amplitude can be individually adjusted in each transmission space, and the degree of freedom in antenna design can be increased.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 (a) is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 2B is a partial cross-sectional view of FIG.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.

FIG. 3A is a perspective view showing an internal structure of a transmission waveguide according to the present invention, and FIGS. 3B, 3C, and 3D are perspective views showing a shielding plate.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a structure of a pair of metal plates.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a structure of a pair of metal plates having a horizontal portion.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a microstrip power supply structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a triplate power supply structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment in which a power supply structure according to the present invention is individually provided in each transmission space.

FIG. 9 is a front view showing a case where the antenna element according to the present invention is configured as a slot.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Transmission waveguide 1a, 1b Metal plate 1c Outer peripheral wall 1d Curved surface of metal plate 1e Horizontal portion of metal plate 1f Center hole of metal plate 2 Antenna element 2a Coupling portion 2b Power radiating portion 2c Feeding portion supporting dielectric 2d Rise portion 2e slot 3 _1, 3 _2, 3 ₃ inner conductor of the outer conductor 7b coaxial feeder compartments have been transmitted space 4 shielding plate 5 small holes 6 power output section 7 coaxial feeder 7a coaxial feeder as small spaces 8,10 Microstrip line supporting dielectric material 9 Microstrip line 11 Ground plate 12 Metal rod

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H01Q 21/00-25/04 H01P 5/08

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An antenna device comprising a combination of a transmission waveguide and an antenna element, wherein the transmission waveguide has a pair of metal plates arranged facing each other and a pair of metal plates forming the pair. An outer peripheral wall closing between outer peripheral edges, and in one space formed by the pair of metal plates and the outer peripheral wall, two or more transmission spaces electromagnetically shielded from each other , The two or more transmission spaces are the metal plates
Is formed in a sector shape around the center of the pair, and one of the paired metal plates communicates with the transmission space.
A plurality of small holes are provided, and the other pair of metal plates
Has a function of supplying electric power to the transmission space during transmission,
When receiving the provided power output section having a function of collecting the electric power of the transmission space within said antenna element, before provided to the one metal plate
A serial and a coupling portion that is inserted into the transmission space of the transmission waveguide than the small hole, and a power radiation portion provided protruding forward from the metal plate is integrally coupled with the small holes in the coupling portion An antenna device, comprising: 2. An antenna device comprising a combination of a transmission waveguide and an antenna element, wherein the transmission waveguide has a pair of metal plates arranged facing each other and a pair of metal plates forming the pair. An outer peripheral wall closing an outer peripheral edge, the outer peripheral wall being formed by the paired metal plate and the outer peripheral wall.
And in one space and have two or more transmission space between them is electromagnetically shielded, the two or more transmission space of the metal plate
Is defined and formed in a fan shape about the center of said pairs in one of the metal plates forming the, the antenna elements are provided, on the other metal plate forming the said pair is in the transmission space during transmission A power input / output unit having a function of supplying power and a function of collecting power in the transmission space at the time of reception is provided. The antenna element has an opening shape (slot shape) in the one metal plate. An antenna device which is formed in the transmission space and has an opening area necessary for power radiation. 3. A transmission waveguide having at least a pair of metal plates, an outer peripheral wall, a transmission space, and a power input / output unit, wherein the paired metal plates are arranged facing each other,
An outer peripheral edge of the pair of metal plates is closed by the outer peripheral wall, and the transmission space is formed in a single space formed by the pair of metal plates and the outer peripheral wall. 2 shielded by
The above transmission space , and the two or more transmission spaces are
The antenna element is installed on one of the paired metal plates, which is formed in a sector shape around the center of the metal plate .
A plurality of small holes in order, or power slot having an opening area necessary for the radiation is provided to communicate with the transmission space, the other metal plate forming the said pair, said transmission space in transmission transmission waveguide, wherein the power input portion is provided with a function for supplying electric power, and a function of collecting electric power of the transmission space during reception. 4. At least a pair of metal plates, an outer peripheral wall, and a transmission
A transmission waveguide having a transmission space and a power input / output unit, wherein the pair of metal plates are arranged facing each other,
An outer peripheral edge of the pair of metal plates is closed by the outer peripheral wall, and the transmission space is formed in a single space formed by the pair of metal plates and the outer peripheral wall. 2 shielded by
The above transmission space , and the two or more transmission spaces are
The antenna element is installed on one of the paired metal plates, which is formed in a sector shape around the center of the metal plate .
A plurality of small holes or slots having an opening area necessary for power radiation are provided, and the other metal plate forming the pair is formed between the metal plate forming the pair and the outer peripheral wall. a function of supplying electric power at the time of transmission to said transmission space that is, the power input-output unit having a function for collecting power of the transmission space is provided at the time of reception, the said power input-output unit, A microstrip power supply structure in which a dielectric is interposed between the other metal plate and the microstrip line to supply power between the other metal plate and the microstrip line, or the other of the pair A tri-plate power supply structure in which a dielectric is interposed between a metal plate and a ground plate, a microstrip line is provided in the dielectric, and power is supplied between the other metal plate and the ground plate and the microstrip line. To be Okushirubeha tube.