JP3192509B2 - Wood treatment method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for degreasing, dyeing and drying wood.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, it has been known to apply a special treatment to wood in order to improve rot resistance, durability and design while maintaining good properties of the wood. is there. For example, JP-A-49-116204, JP-A-51-136803, and
Such technology is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 37402 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-38641.

[0003]

However, in the case of the conventional treatment method, the cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like constituting the cell membrane of the wood cannot be melted by any means, and the wood is rapidly and rapidly reduced. If the excess water is allowed to evaporate, the shape of the wood changes significantly, making it unsuitable for processing wooden products. Therefore, there was no other way but to dry the wood over a long period of about one year, taking care not to change the shape of the wood gradually.
In addition, enormous energy and time are consumed in the operation of drying the wood, and there are many problems such as the limit being naturally set in the product quantity. Also, lignin itself is a substance that has not been chemically clarified, and it has been difficult to decompose or dissolve it. Also, when coloring wood,
There was a problem that the dye penetrated only the thin layer on the surface.

[0004] That is, even when wood is dried in the sun or artificially, it is relatively easy to reduce the water content of the wood to the fiber saturation point by eliminating free water not trapped in cells. Although it is possible, the free water trapped in the cell membrane cannot be easily removed because it is tightly closed by lignin, which is a chemical component containing high molecular phenol as a basic substance. Also,
When the timber is cut down, the temporary conduits and the holes in the conduits that carry the moisture act as a valve, closing off the free water. Also, if the surface is rapidly dried even during drying, the temporary conduit or the wall hole of the conduit is closed by acting as a valve, and the movement of free moisture in the lumen is stopped. Even if the temperature rises, the water remaining in the lumen will not evaporate, resulting in a surface hardened state.

[0005] As described above, since the wood after cutting has a function of confining water in cells and lumens by lignin or the like, it is difficult to evaporate water even in sun drying or hot air drying. It costs. On the other hand, in the present invention, in order to remove water from the cell membrane tightly closed by lignin, the vapor of a chlorine-based vapor degreasing organic solvent such as a methylene chloride (CH ₂ Cl ₂ ) solvent solution is removed. By applying heat and pressure to the wood, the free water that has not been trapped is first eliminated, and then the fine molecules of the methylene chloride (CH ₂ Cl ₂ ) solvent vapor dissolve the strong lignin in the cell tissue. Is melted to pierce the cell membrane and break the valve portion of the wall hole, thereby facilitating the trapped free water out of the hole and the valve portion of the wall hole. Also, perforation of the cells,
By the collapse of the valve action of the wall hole, fine molecules of the dye can easily penetrate into the cell membrane, and can easily be colored into the interior of the wood.

[0006]

The problems to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, means for solving the problems will be described. In claim 1, the wood processing equipment A
The processing wood 10 is disposed inside, and the processing wood 10 is
In the process of treating wood to infiltrate water, the solvent liquid of the chlorine-based steam degreasing cleaning organic solvent is heated and boiled to vaporize, and the gas of the chlorine-based steam degreasing cleaning organic solvent is penetrated into the wood, and the oils and fats in the wood are removed. The perforation is melted to open perforations in the wood cell membrane.

[0007] In claim 2, the wood processing equipment A
The processing wood 10 is disposed inside, and the processing wood 10 is
In the wood treatment method of infiltrating water, water is added to a solvent solution of a chlorine-based steam degreasing and cleaning organic solvent , and heated, so that the steam and steam of the chlorine-based steam degreasing and cleaning organic solvent permeate the wood, It melts oils and fats and opens perforations in the wood cell membrane.

According to a third aspect of the present invention , in the method for treating wood according to the first or second aspect, the wood and the chlorine-based organic solvent for steam degreasing and cleaning are sealed in a pressure vessel, and heating and pressurizing and cooling and depressurizing are performed. Repeatedly, it promotes melting of oil and fat components in wood by chlorine-based steam degreasing and washing organic solvent.

[0009] In claim 4, the timber after more processed wood processing method according to claim 1 or claim 2, in which drying.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the wood processing method according to the first or second aspect, a dye made of fine particles is permeated into the treated wood to be colored.

[0011]

The operation of the present invention will be described. Trichlorethylene (CHC)
l = CCl ₂ ), perchlorethylene and (CCl ₂ =
CCl ₂ ), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CH ₃
CCl ₃ ) and Freon 113 (CCl ₂ FCClF ₂ )
In this embodiment, methylene chloride (CH ₂
Cl ₂ ) solvent solution is used. By vaporizing the methylene chloride solvent solution B and infiltrating the wood 10 for treatment, the strong lignin in the cell tissue is melted to perforate the cell membrane, and the valve action of the temporary conduit or the wall hole of the conduit is destroyed. Then, the cell water confined in the cell or the lumen is easily discharged from the perforation or the valve in the wall hole. By piercing the cells in this way and destroying the valve action of the wall holes, the trapped free water is easily released during the next hot-air drying or solar drying, and the drying becomes very fast. In addition, since fine particles of the dye easily penetrate through the perforations and wall holes, it is possible to color deep wood layers.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The problems to be solved and means to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, the specific structure of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a processing apparatus using the wood processing method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the processing apparatus using the wood processing method of the present invention, with an upper cover removed, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a simplified cross-sectional view showing preparation of a processing operation in a processing apparatus using a wood processing method, FIG. 4 is a simplified cross-sectional view showing a processing operation in a processing apparatus using a wood processing method of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a processing apparatus utilizing the above-described wood processing method, showing a completed processing operation. FIG. 6 is a simplified cross-sectional view of the processing apparatus implementing the wood processing method of the present invention after the processing operation is completed.

The configuration of a processing apparatus that implements the processing method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. First, the wood processing pressure vessel A is made of stainless steel and includes a cylindrical main body 1 and a dome-shaped upper lid 2 provided on the upper side. Each of the bolt holes 1e, 1e.
Are attached to the main body 1 by screwing in 3..., And the inside of the main body 1
It consists of three chambers, a processing chamber 1b and a cooling chamber 1c.

First, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the above-mentioned solvent tank 1a is disposed under the floor of the main body 1.
The inside is fully filled with a methylene chloride solvent solution B, which is a chlorine-based vapor degreasing cleaning organic solvent. Other organic solvents for cleaning with steam degreasing include trichloroethylene (CH
Cl = CCl ₂ ), perchlorethylene and (CCl ₂
= CCl ₂ ), 1,1,1, -trichloroethane (C
H ₃ CCl ₃ ) and Freon 113 (CCl ₂ FCClF)
₂ ) and the like, but in this embodiment, methylene chloride (C
H ₂ Cl ₂ ) solvent solution B is used. A heat source pipe 4 for heating and boiling the methylene chloride solvent B is piped so as to uniformly heat the entire inside of the tank from outside the tank. In addition, methylene purified by distillation and recovery in the cooling chamber 1c and purified by the water separator 5 is used. A solvent liquid return pipe 6 for returning the chloride solvent liquid B into the solvent liquid tank 1a, and a methylene chloride solvent liquid B in the solvent liquid tank 1a after the first half of the processing operation is completed and stored in the solvent liquid tank 7. The solvent liquid extraction pipes 8 are respectively connected to the solvent liquid tank 1a.

Next, the solvent liquid tank 1a and the processing chamber 1b are separated by a floor 9 of a floor saw, and the processing chamber 1b is heated and boiled at a low temperature of about 40 degrees Celsius in the solvent liquid tank 1a. The vapor of the methylene chloride solvent liquid B accumulates to form a methylene chloride solvent vapor layer C,
During the processing operation, the well-permeable wood transport container 11 containing the processing wood 10 is placed on the floor 9 of the snowboard stand in the processing room 1b. Since the methylene chloride (CH ₂ Cl ₂ ) solvent solution B boils at about 40 degrees Celsius, it can be easily vaporized, and this vapor exerts the effect of defatting the oil component of wood.

The cooling chamber 1c, which is provided above the processing chamber 1b and separates the air / steam interface D, comprises:
This is for recovering excess solvent vapor ascending from the processing chamber 1b by distillation.
Boiling water of methylene chloride solvent B
And the vapor of the methylene chloride solvent solution B rising from the processing chamber 1b is condensed and accumulated in the condensate / water receiving gutter 13 through the condensate pipe 14 to pass the side of the main body 1 to the side. The water is supplied to the water separator 5 provided therein, is purified, and returns to the solvent liquid tank 1a.

The processing operation of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. First, as shown in FIG. 3, the crane 16 loads the wood transport container 11 containing the processing wood 10 onto the floor 9 of the snowboard stand inside the main body 1 in a state where the upper cover 2 of the wood processing pressure vessel A is opened. And place it.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the upper lid 2 is screwed into the main body 1 with sealing bolts 3, 3,. ON
Then, the heat source is transmitted to the entire heat source pipe, whereby the methylene chloride solvent solution B in the solvent solution tank 1a is heated and boiled, and a solvent vapor layer C is created in the processing chamber 1b. Solvent vapor permeates the inside of the processing wood 10 in the processing wood 10 of the wood transport container 11 left in the layer C, and the free water that is not confined is gradually expelled. The lignin that firmly hardens the hemicellulose is melted. This process is continued for several hours, then the power of the heat source pipe 4 is turned off, and the methylene chloride solvent B in the solvent tank 1a is not necessary for the latter half of the processing. It can be transferred to tank 7.

By the above-described treatment, free water not contained in the treatment wood 10 is expelled to dissolve the fat and oil components, and the fat and oil portion of the wood is removed together with the water by methylene chloride (CH _2). Cl ₂ ) is dissolved in the solvent B and comes out. When the degreasing process is completed, the oils and fats of the wood are melted, the cells are perforated, and the valve portion of the wall hole is destroyed. Next, as shown in FIG. 5, an operation of reducing the water content to a certain amount is performed. In this embodiment, the moisture content is reduced by hot air drying, but sun drying may be used. In the case of hot-air drying, the process shifts to a drying operation in which the moisture inside the wood is expelled by hot air.

In the drying operation, the solvent vapor permeating the inside of the processing wood 10 is expelled, and the oil and fat are dissolved to expel the perforated cells and the trapped free water from the lumen of the temporary conduit or conduit. is there. For this purpose, the hot-air blower pipe 15 provided in the dome-shaped upper lid 2 is opened to send hot air into the wood processing pressure vessel A. Due to the hot air, the solvent vapor and water that have permeated into the processing wood 10 evaporate, and the water of the cell water also evaporates. This operation is also continued for 12 hours, so that the solvent vapor of methylene chloride and the trapped free water can be completely evaporated from the inside of the processing wood 10. When all the processing operations are completed, the dome-shaped upper lid 2 is opened again as shown in FIG. 6, and the wood transport container 11 is carried out of the wood processing pressure container A by the crane 16.

During the processing operation, as shown in FIG. 4, the solvent liquid tank 7 is used to maintain the pressure in the solvent liquid tank 1a constant so that the methylene chloride solvent liquid B surface of the solvent liquid tank 1a and the solvent liquid tank 7 can be maintained. It is lifted up so that the heights are the same, and when the first half of the processing operation is completed, the solvent solution tank 7 is lowered so that the methylene chloride solvent solution B in the solvent solution tank 1a can be easily recovered. Then, it is collected via the solvent liquid extracting pipe 8.

The wood is degreased with a methylene chloride solvent solution B by melting the wood, and the strong lignin in the cell tissue is melted and perforated in the cell membrane. Free water that has been perforated or
It is easy to get out of the valve in the wall hole. Thereafter, the wood is colored by impregnating a dye composed of fine particles through the perforations and wall holes. In the conventional coloring, the dye was not penetrated to the inside because the wood cells were solidified by lignin. However, as in the present invention, the vapor of the methylene chloride solvent solution B caused the solidification in the cell tissue. Melting the lignin and perforating the cell membrane, destroying the valve action of the wall hole, and leaving the trapped free water out of the hole and the valve of the wall hole in a state where it is easy to come out, deep inside. Even the same dye can be colored. The coloring operation using the dye can be performed by immersing the degreased wood in the dye water.However, the fine particles of the dye are mixed with the vapor of the methylene chloride solvent solution B, and the wood is permeated as the vapor. It can also be done.

The wood processing pressure vessel A of the present invention includes:
Safety valves 17 and 18 are provided in the upper lid 2 and the solvent liquid tank 1a, respectively.
When a pressure abnormality occurs inside, the pressure is reduced to operate so that a constant pressure is always maintained. Further, in the present invention, inside the wood processing pressure vessel A,
The methylene chloride solvent solution B and the processing wood 10 are hermetically arranged and heated by the heat source pipe 4 or by a heat source from the outside, and the methylene chloride solvent solution B is vaporized to be heated to about 6 kg / cm 2, After about one hour, the supply of the heat source to the heat source pipe 4 is stopped, the methylene chloride solvent solution B is returned to the aqueous solution, the pressure is reduced to about the atmospheric pressure, and one hour later, heating and pressurizing, and one hour later, the heat is reduced. By repeating the operation of reducing the pressure, the degreasing treatment by the vapor of the methylene chloride solvent B can be further promoted.

Further, the solvent liquid tank 1 in the wood processing pressure vessel A
In the case where only the methylene chloride solvent solution B is disposed in the portion a, and the mixture is heated and evaporated, it can be vaporized at about 40 degrees Celsius. However, in the early stage of the processing of the wood, the surface of the processing wood 10 is hardened. Therefore, a state in which the vapor of the methylene chloride solvent B hardly penetrates into the cells occurs. Therefore, about 50% of water is mixed together with the methylene chloride solvent B in the solvent tank 1a, and the temperature is 40 degrees Celsius. It is effective to heat the water and methylene chloride solvent solution B explosively to a temperature of about 130 ° C. for treatment.

The water vapor and the vapor of the methylene chloride solvent B are mixed and permeated into the wood 10 for treatment, whereby the cells on the surface of the wood 10 for treatment are opened by the water vapor, and the methylene chloride solvent B The effect of infiltrating the steam of the water and accelerating the degreasing treatment is exhibited. As described above, the treated wood 10 after the degreasing treatment with the methylene chloride solvent solution B decreases to the equilibrium moisture content in about several hours when dried by hot air drying. Rate can be reduced.

In addition, methylene chloride (CH ₂ C
l ₂ ) When the degreasing work of wood is completed with the solvent liquid B and water, the methylene chloride (CH ₂ Cl ₂ ) solvent liquid B and water return to liquid again. They stay in the solution in a separated state. By physically separating this wood fat component,
Natural resin raw materials can be obtained.

[0027]

As described above, the present invention has the following advantages. First, methylene chloride (CH ₂ C), which is a chlorine-based steam degreasing organic solvent, is used.
l ₂ ) The vapor of the solvent liquid B acts on the fat component of the wood,
By delipidating and melting these, perforations open in a part of the wood cells containing the cell water, and the valves in the temporary conduits and the wall holes of the conduits are destroyed. It is easy for water to escape, and conversely for the dye to easily penetrate. Therefore, the processing time of wood is drastically shortened from one year to several days as compared with the conventional method, so that a large amount of wood can be processed and time and energy can be greatly saved. It is.

Second, the treated wood does not shrink in volume, but rather expands, and does not lose any strength as compared to before the treatment.

Third, the methylene chloride solvent, which is a chlorine-based vapor degreasing and cleaning organic solvent used to greatly reduce the processing time, is a highly safe chlorine-based solvent that does not damage wood and has a boiling point. Since the temperature is as low as 40 degrees, time and energy can be saved and it is very convenient when hot air as a finish of the processing operation is sent into the wood processing apparatus or when the hot air is recovered by distillation.

Fourthly, in the present invention, a dye consisting of fine particles is mixed with methylene chloride, and the mixture is put on a methylene chloride gas, and the dye of the fine particles is transported into the cells of wood for coloring. As a result, it became possible to obtain wood of substantially constant grain color. In the conventional coloring method, wood was immersed in a liquid in which the dye was melted to color it.However, since the lignin of the wood was not melted, the protection of cells was firm, and the dye penetrated only the surface of the wood. Instead, the colored layer was thin. Therefore, when the surface of the wood was scraped, the colored layer was peeled off, and the color of the original wood was revealed, so that the coloring effect was lost. However, as in the present invention, when dyeing with a dye after degreasing with a methylene chloride solvent solution B which is a chlorine-based vapor degreasing and washing organic solvent, coloring can be performed deeper by infiltrating the fine particle dye into the cells. Even when the surface is shaved, the colored layer remains.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a processing apparatus using a wood processing method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the processing apparatus using the wood processing method of the present invention, with an upper lid removed.

FIG. 3 is a simplified cross-sectional view showing preparation for a processing operation in a processing apparatus using the wood processing method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a simplified cross-sectional view showing a processing operation in a processing apparatus using the wood processing method of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a simplified cross-sectional view showing a time when a processing operation is completed in a processing apparatus using the wood processing method of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a simplified cross-sectional view after a processing operation is completed in a processing apparatus that has performed the wood processing method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List A Wood processing pressure vessel B Methylene chloride solvent liquid C Solvent vapor layer D Air / vapor interface 1 Main body 1a Solvent liquid tank 1b Processing chamber 1c Cooling chamber 2 Top lid 4 Heat source pipe 9 Floor of snowboard stand 10 Processing wood 15 Hot air blower pipe

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F26B 9 / 02,21 / 14 B27K 3/00-5/06

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A processing wood 1 in a wood processing apparatus A.
No. 0 and wood that allows gas to permeate the processing wood 10
In the processing operation of the above, the solvent liquid of the chlorine-based steam degreasing cleaning organic solvent is heated and boiled to vaporize, the gas of the chlorine-based steam degreasing cleaning organic solvent penetrates the wood, and the oils and fats in the wood are melted, A method for treating wood, comprising opening perforations in a wood cell membrane. 2. A processing wood 1 inside a wood processing apparatus A.
No. 0 and wood that allows gas to permeate the processing wood 10
In the treatment method, water is added to the solvent liquid of the chlorine-based steam degreasing and cleaning organic solvent and heated, so that the vapor and steam of the chlorine-based steam degreasing and cleaning organic solvent penetrate the wood, and the oils and fats in the wood are melted. A method for treating wood, comprising opening perforations in a wood cell membrane. 3. The wood treatment according to claim 1 or 2.
In the method , wood and chlorine-based steam degreasing organic solvent are sealed in a pressure vessel, and heating and pressurizing and cooling and depressurizing are repeated to promote melting of oil and fat components in wood by chlorine-based steam degreasing and organic solvent. Wood processing method characterized by performing. 4. A wood treatment according to claim 1 or claim 2.
Wood processing method characterized by the further processed wood to a method and dried. 5. Wood treatment according to claim 1 or claim 2.
A method for treating wood, which comprises coloring a treated wood with a dye consisting of fine particles.