JP3186432B2 - Keyboard device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a keyboard device capable of detecting and outputting the rocking power of a key, and more particularly to an improvement in a method of correcting the key rocking power data.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Many electronic musical instruments currently in practical use include a sensor for detecting a key pressing force (key pressing force) in addition to a sensor for detecting on / off of each key of a keyboard. . This sensor is generally called an after sensor,
A key pressing force can be detected from a place where the key is fully pressed (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-146493). The detection value of the key pressing force sensor is sent to the tone generator as a tone control parameter, and thereby the tone is controlled. In the after sensor,
It is possible to detect the difference between the right and left force of the direct force for one key,
When the key is depressed, the key is moved left and right with the finger to output the right and left force difference, thereby enabling tone control such as vibrato.

Further, in recent years, there has been proposed an electronic keyboard instrument which detects not only a downward key operation force but also an upward key operation force and reflects the detected key operation force in musical tone control.

[0004]

The above-mentioned sensors include:
An element (conductive rubber or the like) whose resistance value changes according to pressure is used, but the resistance value in a steady state varies depending on the element, and may drift due to use. If this variation or drift is added to the player's actual operation amount, tone control parameters that are not intended by the player are output to the sound source, and there is a disadvantage that it is difficult to express the tone faithfully to the player. Was.

When a common key swing power sensor is provided for a plurality of keys, the key swing power increases in proportion to the number of key operations. Conventionally, the key swing power data is directly input to the sound source as a musical tone control parameter, so that the musical tone changes as the number of key operations increases.

In the above-described apparatus for detecting an upward key operation force and reflecting the same in musical tone control, a sensor for detecting an upward pressing force is provided, but the key is urged upward by a key spring. Therefore, when the key is not operated, the biasing force is output to the sensor as an upward pressing force, and an error in the pressing force determination appears due to a synergistic effect of the variation of the key spring and the variation of the offset position. Further, since the sensor is constantly biased upward, the offset position changes due to aging, and if this changes, the pressing force at the offset position by the key spring also changes, which may cause an error in the offset value more and more. there were.

According to the present invention, a keyboard capable of obtaining an accurate sensor output by storing a detection value of a sensor when a key is turned off or the like as an offset value and correcting the detection value of a sensor during performance with the offset value. It is intended to provide a device.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a key swinging by a key operation, key swing detecting means for detecting a swing state of the key, and a key swing detecting means for detecting a key swing direction. A oscillating power sensor for detecting oscillating power, an offset storage means for storing a detection value of the oscillating power sensor in a non-oscillating state, and a storage content of the offset storage means from the detected value of the oscillating power sensor in the oscillating state Control means for outputting the subtracted value.

[0009] According to a second aspect of the invention of this application, which has multiple <br/> number the key, an operation key number detection means for detecting the number keys of the operation state of the plurality of keys, the control means
Stores the offset from the value detected by the rocking force sensor.
And wherein this <br/> and is corrected by means of output according to the detected result of addition the operation key number detecting means subtracted value stored contents of means.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a key which swings between a key-off position and a key-on position, key-on / key-off detecting means for detecting a key-on / key-off state of the key, A pressing force sensor for detecting a pressing force in an off direction, an offset storage means for storing a detection value of the pressing force sensor when the key is not turned on, and an offset from the detection value of the pressing force sensor in a key on state. Means for outputting a value obtained by subtracting the storage content of the storage means.

[0011]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the key swing detecting means detects a swing state caused by a key operation. A rocking power sensor detects a rocking power in the key rocking direction. On the other hand, the swinging power sensor
Although a value which is also in the non-oscillation state is output, this value is stored in the offset storage means because it is caused by drift or variation of the sensor. When the key is in the rocking state, the detected content of the rocking power sensor is output as a musical tone control parameter, and a value obtained by subtracting the content stored in the offset storage means from the detected value of the sensor is output as the musical tone control parameter. As a result, the output of the rocking force sensor when the key is not rocked (when not operated) can be canceled, and a value that accurately represents the amount of operation by the player can be output.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the number of operating keys among the plurality of keys in the operating state is detected by the operating key number detecting means, and the rocking power of the key in the operating state is detected by the rocking power sensor. Then, the detection value of the swinging power sensor is corrected according to the detection content of the operation key number detection means and output as a musical tone control parameter. This ensures that it is possible to cancel the variation of the swinging force by the key number of operations.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the key press / release key detecting means detects whether the key is in the key-on state or the key-off state by swinging, and determines the key's pressing force in the key-off direction. The sensor detects. The offset storage means stores the detected value of the pressing force sensor in a state where the key is not turned on as an offset. When the key is turned on, the content detected by the pressing force sensor is output as a tone control parameter, and a value obtained by subtracting the content stored in the offset storage means from the value detected by the sensor is output as this tone control parameter. Thus, the offset force applied to the pressing force sensor in the key-off state can be canceled, and a value that accurately represents the operation amount of the player can be output.

The invention of claim 1 and claim 2
When applied to a keyboard that only moves up and down in a general manner, a key that oscillates between a key-off position and a key-on position and a key-release detection that detects the key-on / key-off state of the key. Means,
A key-pressing force sensor for detecting a pressing force in a key-on direction; an offset storage unit for storing a detection value of the key-pressing force sensor in a key-off state; Means for outputting a value obtained by subtracting the storage content of the offset storage means. A key comprising a plurality of keys; key-on number detecting means for detecting the number of keys in the key-on state from the keyboard; a key-pressing force sensor for detecting a key-pressing force of the key in the key-on state; Means for correcting and outputting the detection value of the sensor in accordance with the detection content of the key-on number detection means. Becomes

[0015]

FIG. 1 is a view showing the structure of one key of a keyboard used in a keyboard apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The keyboard is a full keyboard with 88 keys. In FIG. 1, the key body 1 has a fulcrum 1a at the rear end and a hook 2 at the lower center. The fulcrum 1a is locked to the rear portion of the frame 8, and the key body 1 swings up and down about this. The hook 2 is inserted between the upper stopper 5u and the lower stopper 5d of the key stopper 5, and the key body 1 can swing within this range. Also, two actuators 3a and 3b are formed on the lower surface of the central part of the key body. Two rubber switches 4a and 4b are provided on the upper surface of the frame 8 at a position facing the actuator 3. The rubber switches 4a and 4b are squashed by the actuators 3a and 3b by the downward swing of the key body 1. By this crushing, the electrodes formed inside the rubber switch are turned on. The actuator 3a and the rubber switch 4a are substantially in contact with each other, and the rubber switch 4a is turned on almost immediately when the key body 1 starts swinging downward. When the key body 1 further swings downward, the rubber switch 4a
Then, the rubber switch 4b is turned on, the rubber switch 4a is a first make switch, and the rubber switch 4b is a second make switch. When the rubber switch 4b is turned on, the control unit determines that the key is turned on. At this time, a time difference between the on of the rubber switch 4a and the on of the rubber switch 4b is used as velocity data.

Further, between the upper stopper 5u and the lower stopper 5d of the key stopper 5 and the frame 8, key pressing force sensors 6u and 6d are provided. These key pressing force sensors are constituted by elements whose resistance values change according to the pressing force, and detect upward and downward pressing forces of the key body 1 (hook 2), respectively. As the element of the key pressing force sensor, an element in which a conductive sheet is opposed to a variable resistor sheet containing conductive rubber or a binder containing carbon or the like can be used. Further, the key body 1 is urged upward by a spring 7, and when not operated, the key body 1 is stopped with the hook 2 abutting on the upper stopper 5u as shown. Therefore, at the time of non-operation, a fixed key pressing force is applied to the upper key pressing force sensor 6u, and the corresponding key pressing force data is output.

Note that by disposing the key pressing force sensor 6d so as to be shifted left and right from the center of the key, the player simply swings the key body 1 left and right when the key is on, and the key pressing force sensor 6d
Can be finely varied.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an electronic keyboard instrument provided with the keyboard device. The control device C for the electronic keyboard instrument
The PU 10 has a timer 11, ROM 12, R
The AM 13 , the key-on detecting unit 14, the key pressing force detecting unit 15, the operation panel 16 and the sound source control circuit 17 are connected.
The timer 11 is a timer for interrupting the CPU 10 at every predetermined timing. Further, the ROM 12 stores a control program shown in a flowchart described later. Various registers for executing the control program are set in the RAM 13. The key-on detector 14 includes 88 sets of rubber switches 4 provided for each key of the keyboard.
a, 4b, and detects ON / OFF of each rubber switch. The key pressing force detector 15 includes 88 sets of key pressing force sensors 6.
u, 6d and a circuit for A / D converting their detection values. The operation panel 16 includes a switch group such as a tone color designation switch for designating a tone color and a display for displaying setting contents. When the tone designation switch is operated,
The CPU 10 transmits the corresponding timbre data to the tone generator control circuit 17. The sound source control circuit 17 calculates tone data and volume control parameters to control the tone volume, and also determines a key code determined based on the key number k and an output value of the key pressing force sensor 6. Pitch control is performed based on the tone control parameters. That is, the vibrato can be applied by finely changing the output value of the key pressing force sensor by operating the key body 1. The synthesizing circuit 18 forms a digital tone signal based on the parameters sent from the tone generator control circuit 17.
The formed digital tone signal is transmitted to the sound system 19.
Is input to The sound system 19 converts the digital tone signal into an analog signal, amplifies the signal, and emits the signal from a speaker or the like.

FIGS. 3 to 5 are flowcharts showing the operation of the electronic keyboard instrument.

FIG. 3 shows a main routine. When the power is turned on, an initial setting operation is first performed (n1).
The initial setting operation is a reset of a register, an initial screen display operation, and the like. Thereafter, the key scan operation (n2 to n14)
Execute In the key scanning operation, first, 1 is set in the key number register i, and then the following operations (n2) are executed. The first make switch of this key (rubber switch 4
a) 1M (i), 2nd make switch (rubber switch 4
b) Detect ON / OFF of 2M (i) (n3). If both are off, it means that no key operation is currently being performed.
F (i) is reset (n4). Here, SF (i)
Is a three-state flag. If it is 0, it indicates that it is not during a stroke, 1 indicates that it is during a key-on stroke, and 2 indicates that it is during a key-off stroke. On the other hand, if only 1M (i) is ON (1, 0), the key is currently being stroked, so the stroke flag SF (i) and the key ON flag KON (i) are read (n5). S
If both F (i) and KON (i) are reset (0,0), it means that the key-stroke state has been entered from the key-off state and this operation has been started for the first time, so that SF (i) is set. At the same time (n6), the current timer value T is set in the timer register ST (i) for measuring the stroke time (velocity) (n7). The timer value T is counted up by an interruption of the timer 11 every 1 μS (see FIG. 4). On the other hand, if SF (i) is 1
Or, in the case of 2, that is, (1, 0) or (2, 0), since the key is currently in the key on stroke or the key off stroke, the process proceeds to n14 without doing anything new. on the other hand,
At n5, the key-on flag KON (i) is 1, that is, (0,
In the case of 1), the key-on flag KON (i) is reset and the stroke flag SF (i) is set to 2 to indicate that the key-on state has shifted to the key-off stroke.
Is set (n12). Further, the key number i and the key-off data KOF are transmitted to the corresponding channel of the sound source (n13).

If both 1M (i) and 2M (i) are on at n3, the process proceeds to n8 to determine the stroke flag SF (i). When SF = 1, K indicates that the key-on stroke has shifted to the key-on state.
ON (i) is set and SF (i) is reset (n
9). Further, velocity data V (i) is calculated (n10). The calculation of the velocity data is based on the current timer value T and the ST set by the operation of n7 at the time of the first make.
This is performed by subtracting (i). Here, since T is a timer register that counts up a certain value (full count value) and resets it to continue counting up (see FIG. 4), the operation of n7 for the key and n
If T is reset during the operation of 10,
After adding the full count value to the value of T, ST (i) is subtracted. After this calculation, the sound source channel of the sound source (synthesizing circuit 18) is designated, and i, V
(I) The key-on data KON is transmitted (n11). The above operation is repeatedly executed until i = 88 (n1
4, n15).

Thereafter, other processing (n16) such as transmission / reception of tone color data and volume control is executed.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the first timer interrupt operation. This timer interrupt is executed every 1 μS. First, 1 is added to the timer register T (n20).
Thereafter, when T becomes a predetermined value (full count value), T is reset (n22) and the routine returns. If the value has not reached the predetermined value, the process returns. With this operation, T becomes a timer register that advances by 1 μS.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the second timer interrupt operation. This operation corresponds to a case where the musical tone is controlled using only the downward key pressing force of the key body 1, and only the lower sensor 6d of the key pressing force sensors 6u and 6d is used. This timer interrupt is executed every 2 ms.

First, 1 is set by adding 1 to the key number register k (n30). The value detected by the key pressing force sensor 6d of the k key is taken into the register S (n
33). Next, it is determined whether or not this key is turned off (n34, n35). If the key is off, the detection value taken into the register S is an offset value output when the key is off, so the value of S is set in the offset value register So (k) (n36). . On the other hand, in the key-on state, the sensor output value Sout (k) is obtained by subtracting the offset value So (k) from the detection value S at that time.
Is calculated (n37), and this value is output to the sound source (n3).
8). When the key stroke is being performed, neither the updating of the offset value nor the calculation of the sensor output value is performed (n35). The above operation is repeated while adding 1 to k (n30) until k reaches 88 (n31).

By the above operation, the offset value So (k) detected when the key is not operated is subtracted from the detected value in the key-on state, and only the value due to the pressing force of the key operation can be calculated. An intended sensor output value can be obtained.

In the keyboard apparatus disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 5-90592, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. Sho 62-30072, and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. Sho 53-21099, a detected value of the key operation force in the left-right direction is taken in as the value of S. Thus, the musical tone can be controlled using the left-right key operation force, and in this case, the same effect can be obtained.

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the second timer interrupt operation. This timer interrupt operation is applied to an electronic keyboard instrument that controls a musical tone using not only the lower key pressing force sensor 6d but also the upper key pressing force sensor 6u, and the offset of the lower key pressing force sensor 6d. Value (lower offset value)
In addition to the above correction, the offset value (upper offset value) of the upper key pressing force sensor 6u and the sensor output value based on the number of key presses are corrected. As described above, in the electronic keyboard instrument provided with the upper key pressing force sensor 6u, the key is turned on, then the damper pedal is turned on, and the key on state is maintained, while the key is pushed upward to press the upper key pressing force sensor 6u. Allows musical tone control. In order to cope with such a performance technique, the sensor output value Suout of the upper key pressing force sensor 6u is output to a sound source by the operations of n52 and n53 described later.

First, 1 is set by adding 1 to the key number register k (n40). The detection values of the key pressing force sensors 6u and 6d of the k key are taken into the registers Su and S (n43). Next, the operation state of the key is determined (n44, n45). If the key is off, n4
From 5 to n46, the key status flag KBUF (k) is determined. If KBBUF (k) is 0, it indicates that this operation is performed only when the key is in the key-off state, and therefore, 1 is subtracted from the key-on number register N and KB
UF (k) is reset (n47). Thereafter, So (k) and S (S) are set as offset values using the values of S and Su.
It is stored in uo (k) (n48).

On the other hand, if KON (k) = 1 and the key is in the ON state, the process advances from n44 to n50 to determine KBUF (k). Here, if KBBUF (k) is 0, it means that this operation is executed only when this key is in the key-on state, and therefore, the key-on number register N is incremented by 1 and KBBUF (k) is added. Is set (n51). After this,
The lower offset value So from the detection value S of the lower key pressing force sensor
(K) is subtracted to calculate ST, and this ST is added to the key-on number N
Is multiplied by a function g (N) that uses as a variable to calculate Sout (n52). Further, the absolute value of the value obtained by subtracting the upper offset value Suo (k) from the detection value Su of the upper key pressing force sensor is calculated and set as Suout (n52). The Suout and Sout calculated in this way are sent to the sound source (n53).

On the other hand, when KON (k) = 0 and n35, ST
(K) If ≠ 0, nothing is done because a key stroke is being performed. While adding 1 to k (n40), the above operations from k = 1 to 88 are repeatedly executed (n41). k is 88
Is exceeded, k is cleared (n42) and the routine returns.

With the above operation, the upper key pressing force sensor 6
u, the offset of the lower key pressing force sensor 6d can be corrected, and the sensor output value can be corrected by the number of key pressings. In this embodiment, the sensor output is used as a parameter for pitch control (vibrato or the like), but any other element used as a parameter for controlling is arbitrary. Also in this case, by using the detected value of the key operation force in the left-right direction as S, the musical tone can be controlled by the key operation force in the left-right direction, and the same effect as the keyboard can be obtained. In this case, Sout> 0 when the key swings rightward, and Sout <0 when the key swings leftward.

FIG. 7 shows the structure of another keyboard to which the present invention is applied. In this keyboard, the entire key stopper 5 is supported by a single key pressing force sensor 9, and the single key pressing force sensor 9 applies an upward key pressing force and a downward key pressing force to the key body 1 (hook 2), respectively. , Can be detected as a compressive force. In the figure, the same parts as those in the apparatus of FIG. In this configuration, the key body 1 is pressed and the hook 2 is
When it is in contact with d, a compression force is applied to the key pressing force sensor 9. When the key body 1 is pulled up, the hook 2 comes into contact with the upper stopper 5u, and the key pressing force sensor 9 is given a pulling force. In the key having such a structure, the key body 1 (hook 2) is in contact with the upper stopper 5u by the urging force of the spring 7 in a state where the key body 1 is not operated. Given as a pulling force. Further, during the key-on stroke and the key-off stroke, the hook 2 is located between the upper stopper 5u and the lower stopper 5d, and no external force is applied to the key pressing force sensor 9.

In the keyboard having the above configuration, the key pressing force sensor 9 detects the biasing force applied to the upper stopper 5u as an offset in the key-off state as an offset. However, if the timer interrupt processing shown in FIG. This offset can be canceled by “S-So (k)”, and even if the key is operated upward, Sout (k)
Can be used to calculate an upward sensor output value.

Although the key pressing force sensors 6u, 6d or 9 are provided for each key in the above embodiment, one key pressing force sensor may be provided for all 88 keys. in this case,
As the key-on number N increases, the key pressing force is applied almost in proportion to N. Therefore, the function g (N) of n52 in FIG. 6 is inversely proportional to N (for example, g (N) = 1 / N)
And it is sufficient.

The keyboard having the configuration shown in FIG.
Is provided for all keys, a process as shown in FIG. 8 is performed to cancel the offset value of the key pressing force sensor and the upward urging force given by the 88 keys.

First, the key-on number detection operation (n60 to n67)
Execute In this operation, the key number register k is set to 1
Is set (n60, n61), and the key-on flag KON (k) of this key is determined (n62). KON (k) is 1
In the case of (3), the process proceeds to n63, and KBUF (k) is determined. If KBUF (k) is 0, it means that this operation is executed only after this key is turned on,
While adding 1 to the key-on number register N, KBBUF
(K) is set (n64). If KBBUF (k) is 1, the key-on is being continued and n64 is skipped. On the other hand, if KON (k) is 0, the process proceeds to n65, and KBUF (k) is determined. If KBBUF (k) is 1, it means that this operation is executed only after this key is turned off,
Is subtracted, and KBBUF (k) is reset (n
66). If KBBUF (k) is 0, it means that the key has been off before, and therefore n66 is skipped. The operation of n61 or less is repeatedly executed until k becomes 88 (n67).

Next, the value of the key pressing force sensor is taken into S (n
70). The key-on number N is 0 and the stroke flag S
If F (k) is all 0 (n71, n72), it means that no key operation has been performed, so that S
Is written to the offset value register So as an offset value (n73). On the other hand, at n72, all SF (k)
Is not 0, it is not possible to obtain an accurate offset value, and the process returns.

If the key-on number N is 1 or more at n71, SF (k) is 1 or 2 (during a stroke).
The number of keys is counted and set in the register NS (n7
4). Next, the offset value So is subtracted from the detection value S, and S
T is calculated, and a value obtained by adding the key-on number N and the stroke key number NS to the drift amount F of the sensor due to the upward urging force per key from this ST is subtracted from the sensor output value Sou.
t (n75). This process cancels the offset value of the key pressing force sensor 9 common to all keys,
It is possible to cancel the drift due to the urging force of the key not in contact with the upper stopper 5u being applied to the key pressing force sensor 9. This Sout is transmitted to the sound source (n76).

In the above embodiment, if the CPU 10 operates at a high speed, the second timer interrupt operation may be incorporated in a normal routine operation.

When the acceleration data is used instead of the pressing force data as in this embodiment as the key pressing force data, the key-on state (KON (k) = 1) in the second timer interrupt operation. In the operation (2), So (k) is updated with the value of S each time, and the difference from the immediately preceding data may be obtained by S (k) −So (k).

[0042]

As described above, according to the present invention, the offset value of the rocking power sensor can be canceled from the detected value, and the rocking power data can be corrected by the number of key operations. The musical tone control parameter can be obtained that accurately corresponds to the operating force of the musical instrument, and the musical tone can be controlled accurately reflecting the intention of the player.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of a keyboard used in a keyboard device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an electronic keyboard instrument using the keyboard device.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the electronic keyboard instrument (main routine).

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the electronic keyboard instrument (first timer interrupt operation).

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the electronic keyboard instrument (second timer interrupt operation).

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing another embodiment of the second timer interrupt operation;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the structure of another keyboard of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the second timer interrupt operation of the electronic keyboard instrument using the same keyboard.

[Explanation of symbols]

1-key body 2-hook 3a, 3b-actuator 4a, 4b-rubber switch 5-key stopper (5u-upper stopper, 5d-lower stopper) 6-key pressing force sensor (6u-upper key pressing force sensor, 6d) -Lower key pressing force sensor) 7-Spring 9-Key pressing force sensor

Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-1-170994 (JP, A) JP-A-2-126290 (JP, A) JP-A-2-149898 (JP, A) JP-A-2-35498 (JP) JP-A-4-230793 (JP, A) JP-A-7-84575 (JP, A) JP-A-7-13565 (JP, A) JP-A-2-71897 (JP, U) JP-A 3-35596 (JP, U) JP 7-95233 (JP, B2) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G10H 1/34 G10H 1/053

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A key which swings by a key operation, key swing detecting means for detecting a swing state of the key, a swing force sensor for detecting a swing force in a key swing direction, and a non-swing state. Offset storage means for storing the detected value of the oscillating power sensor in the above, and a control means for outputting a value obtained by subtracting the stored content of the offset storage means from the detected value of the oscillating power sensor in the oscillating state. Characteristic keyboard device. Together wherein a plurality of said keys, an operation key number detection means for detecting the number keys of the operation state of the plurality of keys, said control means, said O from the detection value of the swinging force sensor
Keyboard apparatus according to claim 1 storage content is a means for outputting the corrected according to the detected result of addition the operation key number detecting means subtracted value of offset storage means. 3. A key which oscillates between a key-off position and a key-on position, a key press / release key detecting means for detecting a key on / key off state of the key, and a pressing force in a key off direction. Pressing force sensor, an offset storage means for storing a detection value of the pressing force sensor when the key is not turned on, and a storage content of the offset storage means being subtracted from a detection value of the pressing force sensor when the key is on. A keyboard device, comprising: means for outputting a value.