JP3159300B2 - Self-contained garbage anaerobic treatment device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a self-contained garbage anaerobic treatment apparatus, and more particularly to a method for effectively utilizing methane gas and treated water generated when garbage such as kitchen garbage is treated with anaerobic microorganisms, to control external resources. The present invention relates to an apparatus for decomposing garbage with reduced consumption.

[0002]

2. Description of the Prior Art Anaerobic digestion of kitchen garbage and other garbage is carried out by first hydrolyzing organic matter in excess sludge with a hydrolytic bacterium, then decomposing the organic matter with an acid-producing bacterium into an organic acid, and finally methane. It is mainly decomposed into methane gas by generated bacteria, and sludge solid matter is significantly reduced. This anaerobic treatment method is a space-saving and energy-saving treatment method that does not require oxygen supply because an organic substance is decomposed in an anaerobic state and does not require an oxygen supply device for aeration. In addition, energy can be recovered from methane gas generated as a final product,
Excellent financially.

[0003]

However, the conventional anaerobic treatment method has a problem that the digestion rate is low and the digestibility is low because microorganisms in the excess sludge are hardly decomposed. For example, when processing excess sludge generated in an urban sewage treatment plant in an anaerobic digestion tank, the digestibility of organic matter is only about 30% even if one month is spent.

[0004] In order to solve this problem, the present applicant discloses in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Hei 7-328696 a method for treating excess sludge, in which the sludge is crushed by a millstone-type crusher to improve the decomposition rate to about four times. did. To the extent necessary for understanding the present invention, an outline of this surplus sludge treatment method will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which excess sludge generated in anaerobic treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater is treated by the treatment method of the present invention.
The high-concentration organic wastewater 1a is sent to the anaerobic digestion tank 4 through the wastewater pipe 6, and is brought into contact with anaerobic microorganisms for a predetermined time to decompose organic substances. It is sent to 14 and the organic matter in digestive juice is further decomposed by aerobic microorganisms. The processing liquid 12 in which organic substances have been decomposed in the aeration tank 14 is sent to a sedimentation separation tank 17, where solids in the processing liquid are settled and separated as a precipitate, and then flow out of the system. The separated solids, that is, excess sludge, are sent as returned sludge 29 to the fine pulverizing section 30 composed of a stone mill type pulverizer, ground, and then returned to the anaerobic digestion tank 4 for digestion. By repeating this cycle, it is possible to construct a high-concentration organic wastewater treatment system that hardly emits excess sludge that may cause environmental pollution. The methane gas 6a generated in the anaerobic digestion tank 4 is stored in the gas holder 6, and the energy of the methane gas is used as a heating fuel for the anaerobic digestion tank 4, a driving force for the aerator in the aeration tank 14, and / or a grinding wheel for the fine grinding unit 30. 30a or 3
0b can be used as the driving force.

On the other hand, various measures for preventing water pollution are being actively promoted due to the need for environmental protection. Recently, kitchen facilities in restaurants and the like of a certain size or more have been designated as specific facilities by the Water Pollution Control Law. I have. Therefore, garbage from kitchen facilities such as restaurants cannot be discharged to the sewer unless it is harmed to the pH, B0D, SS and other water quality standards specified in the Sewerage Law. Although the method of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-328696 teaches the grinding of the returned sludge by the milling type fine grinding unit 30, it is difficult to directly grind the garbage by this method. There was a problem that could not be applied to waste disposal.

Conventionally, it is theoretically possible to utilize a methane gas generated during the anaerobic decomposition treatment in the apparatus for the decomposition treatment to reduce the use of external resources and to provide a self-sufficient (self-sufficient) apparatus. Although gender is proposed, the specific method has not been developed yet.

[0007] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a processing apparatus for performing an anaerobic decomposition treatment of garbage in a self-sufficient manner by utilizing a substance generated in the processing.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the present inventor has determined that the maximum activity of an anaerobic microorganism (thermophilic bacterium) exhibiting a large activity at a relatively high temperature of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. can be obtained at a medium temperature. 36
It was noted that the maximum activity of anaerobic microorganisms (mesophilic bacteria) whose activity increased at {C-38} C was 2-3 times. If methane gas generated during the anaerobic decomposition treatment is used for heating the anaerobic treatment tank to the above relatively high temperature, it is expected that garbage will be treated independently and with high efficiency. In addition, if the above-mentioned stone mill type fine crushing section is used in combination with the cutter type coarse crushing section,
The garbage can be ground to an extent suitable for highly efficient anaerobic treatment.

Referring to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a self-sufficient garbage anaerobic treatment apparatus of the present invention cuts a garbage 1 into granules and forms a slurry. Crusher 2 having a fine crushing unit 30 for rubbing the granular material between opposing surfaces of non-porous grindstones 30a and 30b, an inlet 4a for slurry from the crusher 2, an outlet 4b for digestion liquid 8, and heating. Anaerobic treatment tank 4 having a vessel 5 and containing anaerobic microorganisms therein, a gas holder 6 communicating with an upper space in the treatment tank 4 and a heater 5, and a slurry decomposition treatment by the microorganisms.
Power generation means for generating electric power by the flammable gas 6a generated at the time of processing, thereby increasing the decomposition efficiency of the garbage 1 by the crushing.
The driving force of the crusher 2 and the slurry, digestion fluid and gas 6a
And the gas 6a
The digestion liquid 8 after the slurry decomposition treatment is discharged from the outlet 4b while maintaining the treatment tank 4 at 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. by combustion .

Preferably, for example, a wastewater abatement apparatus 10 is provided for domestic wastewater or the like of a building to which the garbage 1 to be treated is related, and the digestive juice 8 is caused to flow into the wastewater abatement apparatus 10. And discharge it as treated water.

More preferably, an aeration tank 14 into which the digestion liquid 8 flows is provided, and the digestion liquid 8 is aerated and discharged as treated water 12, and a part of the treated water 12 is used as slurry dilution water as a pulverizer 2. And the sludge in the aeration tank 14 is returned to the crusher 2.

Preferably, a plurality of glass fiber carriers 36 each having a hollow cylindrical glass fiber cloth peripheral wall 37 reinforced by a frame 38 as shown in FIG. 6 are treated so that the hollow portions become vertical. The anaerobic microorganisms are stacked and provided in the tank 4 to support the plurality of glass fiber carriers 36.

A preferred example of the crusher 2 is a crusher 20 (FIG. 2) that cuts garbage into granules and a pair of non-porous grindstones 30a and 30b (FIG. 3) that move relatively to each other. And a fine pulverizing section 30 for grinding the granular material.

[0014]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The self-sufficient garbage anaerobic treatment apparatus of the present invention crushes garbage 1 with a crusher 2 having a fine crushing section 30 and sends the garbage 1 to a treatment tank 4 to be active against anaerobic thermophilic bacteria. Since the contact is made at a temperature, high efficiency processing can be expected. In particular, to increase the contact area between the garbage 1 after crushing and thermophilic bacteria,
The glass fiber carrier 36 is vertically stacked in the treatment tank 4 to support the anaerobic thermophilic bacteria on the carrier 36. When the treatment tank is kept at 50 ° C to 60 ° C, it takes 6 days. It was confirmed experimentally that the digestibility could be improved up to about 80% by using.

Further, when 1 ton of garbage from a kitchen is treated by the anaerobic treatment apparatus of the present invention, about 100 m ³ of combustible methane gas containing carbon dioxide gas is generated, which corresponds to 600,000 kcal of recovered heat. . Of these, the amount of heat required to heat the processing tank 4 is 1/5 of that of 120,000 kcal, and the remaining 480,000 kcal can be effectively used for mechanical drive energy of the apparatus and the like. The energy required to process 1 ton of garbage in one day by the anaerobic treatment device of the present invention while generating such methane gas is a total of 300 kwh / day including the crusher 4, the heater 5, various pumps and blowers, If expressed in terms of calories, it is only about 260,000 kcal / day and can be fully self contained. Also, a part of the treated water 12 is diluted water
If used as 13 (Fig. 1), the consumption of clean water will be eliminated,
You can be self-sufficient in water.

A gas holder 6 is provided for supplying electric power for driving the crusher 4, various pumps, a reversing means 26 (FIG. 5) and a blower, which will be described below, and electric power when the heater 5 is an electric heater. Power generation means (not shown) using the above gas as a heat source is provided . Thus, it is possible to achieve the object of the present invention, that is, "the provision of a processing apparatus which performs the anaerobic decomposition treatment of garbage on its own by utilizing the substances generated in the processing".

Further, according to the present invention, all the sludge from the treatment tank 4 can be returned to the crusher 2 so as not to emit sludge to the outside, so that external energy consumption for sludge treatment is not required. But it can be self-sufficient.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a case where a kitchen facility is located in a part of a large building and an abatement device 10 is required for domestic wastewater and other raw water 11 of the building. An embodiment used in combination with is shown. According to the current Water Pollution Control Law, when the business area provided in a commercial facility, in this case the kitchen area is 420 m ² and the total drainage of the commercial facility is 50 m ³ / day or more, Mandatory.
For example, the kitchen area in commercial facilities with a total area of 10,000m ^2,
It is conceivable to calculate the kitchen drainage amount and the total drainage amount by the following equations (1) to (4).

[0019] Restaurant area = 15% of total area = 10,000m ² × 0.15 = 1,500m ² ‥‥ (1) Kitchen area = Restaurant area × 0.3 = 450m ² ‥‥ (2) Kitchen drainage = Kitchen area × 30 (l / day) = 13.5 (m ³ / day) ‥‥ (3) total water = total area × 8 (l / day) = 80 (m ³ / day) ‥‥ (4)

Therefore, this commercial facility requires an abatement apparatus. Treatment tank 4 with the self-sufficient food waste anaerobic treatment device of the present invention
Valves 9a and 9b (FIG. 1) are provided in the flow path of digestive fluid 8 from
When the digestive juice 8 is opened and the valve 9b is closed to guide the digestion liquid 8 to the abatement device 10 of the entire commercial facility instead of the aerobic treatment tank 14, the load on the abatement device 10 is increased by 2 m ^{3 of} wastewater, BOD 15 , 000mg /
Liters / day. That is, the abatement system 10 for the entire commercial facility
If the load amount is increased by the above-described increment in advance, the apparatus of the present invention for treating garbage from a kitchen facility and the abatement apparatus 10 can be used continuously. In addition, when the abatement apparatus 10 is used instead of the aerobic treatment tank 14 as a secondary treatment facility following the treatment tank 4, the energy consumption and installation space in the garbage anaerobic treatment apparatus are each reduced by half, and cost and space are reduced. Saves money.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show a coarse crushing section 20 and a fine crushing section 30.
1 shows an example of a two-stage crusher 2 composed of: The coarse crushing section 20 has a cutter 21 and a pressure feed pipe 22. Rotating plate 21a of cutter 21
Is provided with a projection 21b and is driven by a direct connection motor 21c, and cuts garbage into granules by a delta type cutter 21d and a fixed cutter 21e on the plate. According to this cutter 21, it becomes possible to crush meat, bones and the like together with garbage such as vegetables at a stretch. In addition, since the metal such as a knife and a fork mixed into the garbage is caught between the delta type cutter 21d and the fixed cutter 21e, the cutter 21 is stopped and removed manually, or a suitable automatic device (FIG. (Not shown). The pumping pipe 22 pushes up a slurry composed of the cut garbage granules and water in response to the rotation of the spiral screw 22b arranged in the perforated cylinder 22a by the drive motor 22c, and the screw 22b The compression cone 22d at the upper end presses the slurry against the perforated cylinder 22a, returning moisture to the cutter 21 via the reflux path 22e. Only the garbage particles are scraped off to the fine pulverizing section 30 by the blade 22f at the top of the screw 22b. In the illustrated example, the fine pulverizing unit 30 includes:
It has a structure in which the granular material is crushed between opposing surfaces of a pair of non-porous grindstones 30a and 30b. The structure and operation of the pulverizing unit 30 are described in detail in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-328696, which is a study of the present applicant.

FIG. 4A shows an embodiment using a submerged membrane separation activated sludge method in which the filtration membrane 33 is directly immersed in the aeration tank 14. In the conventional aeration tank 14 shown in FIG. 4 (B) in which only the aeration device 15 driven by the air blower 15a is provided, the contact between the organic matter to be treated and the air causes sludge bulking and the generation of filamentous fungi in the sludge. Due to such property changes, the effect of the treatment is affected, and there is a problem that the maintenance becomes difficult. Further, in the case of the conventional aeration tank 14, it was necessary to provide a sedimentation tank 17 at the subsequent stage to separate sludge. When the filtration membrane 33 is disposed as an immersion membrane in the aeration tank 14, solids in the tank collect on the filtration membrane 33, and solid-liquid separation is performed, so that good treatment can be performed regardless of the properties of sludge. it can. Preferably, the filtration membrane is arranged vertically to make the flow of the liquid accompanying the aeration parallel to the membrane surface to suppress the blocking of the filtration membrane 33, and to perform filtration by a cross-flow flow perpendicular to the membrane surface. More preferably, a porous organic microfiltration membrane having a pore diameter of 0.4 μm is used as the filtration membrane 33. The advantages of the immersion type membrane separation activated sludge method are as follows: (a) Not affected by sludge properties such as bulking described above; (b) High sludge concentration (MLSS 10,000 mg / L or more) enables high load operation. It is possible to cope with fluctuations in operation and load, and it is possible to maintain a high concentration of microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria having a low growth rate, and it can be expected to reduce the amount of sludge by auto-oxidation. (C) Miniaturization of treatment equipment and sedimentation It is possible to eliminate the need for a pond, and it is expected that the aeration tank will be reduced to about 1/5 of the conventional and the anaerobic treatment device as a whole will be reduced to about 1/2 to 1/3 of the conventional.

FIG. 5 shows a method of automatically loading garbage by the transport cart 25. The transport cart 25 is arranged at a predetermined position and receives the garbage 1 in an upright posture. The transport cart 25 is manually or automatically moved to an input position facing the crusher 2. At the loading position, the transport cart 25 is reversed from the upright posture while being pushed up along the guide rail 27 by the automatic reversing means 26, and the garbage 1 therein is loaded into the crusher 2. After the loading, the transport cart 25 is returned to the upright posture while being retracted along the guide rail 27. Further processing tank 4
Then, the water after the treatment, ie, the digestion liquid 8 or the treated water 12 is jetted into the reversing transport cart 25 by the washing means 28 such as a nozzle to perform automatic washing, and the washed water is dropped into the crusher 2. Thus, the odor caused by the attachment of the garbage juice to the transport cart 25 is prevented, the labor for cleaning the transport cart 25 is eliminated, and the use of water after treatment in the treatment tank 4 eliminates the use of clean water. The water after the automatic washing is returned to the treatment tank 4 via the crusher 2 and purified again. Further, a water heater (not shown) using the gas in the gas holder 6 as a fuel is provided at the preceding stage of the cleaning means 28, and the transport cart 25 can be more effectively cleaned by the warm water from the water heater.

[0024]

As described above, the self-sufficient garbage anaerobic treatment apparatus of the present invention treats garbage crushed and slurried with a high-temperature bacterium in a treatment tank, and is generated by the treatment reaction. Since the treatment tank is heated to a high temperature by methane gas, the following remarkable effects are exhibited. (B) Decomposition of garbage that does not consume external energy or water resources can be expected. (B) A process that does not emit sludge to the outside can be performed. (C) High-speed processing of garbage by thermophilic bacteria is possible. (D) The combination of a high-temperature treatment tank and an aeration tank of the immersion type membrane separation activated sludge method can significantly reduce the size of the garbage disposal equipment. (E) The generation of offensive odors can be prevented by automatically cleaning the garbage transport cart.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the crusher.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a conventional apparatus including a fine pulverizing section.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a submerged membrane separation activated sludge method.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of an automatic cleaning device for a garbage transport cart.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a microorganism carrier and an exploded perspective view of parts thereof.

[Description of Signs] 1 Garbage 2 Crusher 3 Slurry adjustment tank 4 Treatment tank 6 Heater 7 Gas holder 8 Digested solution 9a, 9b Valve 10 Abatement device 11 Raw water 12 Treated water 13 Dilution water 14 Aeration tank 15 Aerator 16 Air 17 Precipitation tank 18 Treatment water tank 20 Coarse crushing section 21 Cutting device 22 Pumping pipe 25 Transport cart 26 Inverting means 27 Guide rail 28 Cleaning means 29 Returned sludge 30 Fine crushing section 30a, 30b Grinding stone 33 Filtration membrane 35 Carrier 36 Hollow cylinder 37 Porous peripheral wall 38 frame.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI C02F 11/04 ZAB C02F 11/04 ZABA (72) Inventor Toshiki Tanaka 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. Inside the company (72) Inventor Nagao Yokota Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kago Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Nobuyuki Tani 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Jiro Nishimura Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo (56) References JP-A-6-106191 (JP, A) JP-A-58-95598 (JP, A JP-A-57-180491 (JP, A) JP-A-58-31100 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B09B 3/00 C02F 3/00, 11 / 04

Claims (13)

(57) [Claims] A crusher comprising: a coarse crushing unit for cutting garbage into granules and slurrying the same; and a fine crushing unit for rubbing the granules between opposing surfaces of a pair of non-porous grindstones relatively moving. An anaerobic treatment tank having an inlet for slurry from a crusher, an outlet for digestion fluid, and a heater, and having anaerobic microorganisms therein, and a gas communicating with an upper space in the treatment tank and the heater. At the time of slurry decomposition treatment by the holder and the microorganism
A power generating means for generating electric power by combustible gas generated in the garbage, increasing the garbage decomposition efficiency by the crushing,
The driving force of the crusher and the feeding of the slurry, digestive liquid and gas
Power is supplied by the output of the power generation means, and
A self-contained garbage anaerobic treatment apparatus, wherein the digestion liquid after the slurry decomposition treatment is discharged from the outlet while the treatment tank is kept at 50 ° C to 60 ° C by baking . 2. The self-sufficient garbage anaerobic treatment device according to claim 1, further comprising a wastewater abatement device into which the digestive fluid flows, wherein the digestive fluid is harmed and discharged as treated water. 3. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an aeration tank into which the digested liquid flows, wherein the digested liquid is aerated and discharged as treated water, and a part of the treated water is converted into slurry dilution water. A self-contained garbage anaerobic treatment device which returns to the crusher and returns the sludge in the aeration tank to the crusher. 4. The processing device according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
At the outlet side of the coarse pulverizing section, a compressed portion and a reflux path for returning the water in the slurry separated by the compressed section to the inlet side of the coarse pulverizing section are provided, and a dilution water pipe faces the inlet side of the fine pulverizing section. A self-sufficient garbage anaerobic treatment device. 5. The processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said crusher is provided with only a coarse crushing section for cutting garbage into granules and turning it into slurry, and a pair of non-removable crushers which move relative to the return path of said aeration tank sludge. A self-contained garbage anaerobic treatment device provided with a fine pulverizing unit that rubs sludge between the opposing surfaces of the pore whetstone. 6. The processing apparatus according to claim 3, 4 or 5,
A self-contained garbage anaerobic treatment device comprising a plurality of filtration membranes immersed in parallel in the aeration tank. 7. The garbage anaerobic treatment apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said plurality of filtration membranes are vertically arranged in parallel to form a porous organic microfiltration membrane. 8. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a slurry adjusting tank is disposed at an outlet of the crusher, and the slurry from the crusher during the decomposition processing time of the processing tank is supplied to the slurry adjusting tank. A self-contained garbage anaerobic treatment device which is stored in a regulating tank and batch-processed by the treatment tank. 9. A processing cart according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the transport cart for receiving the garbage, the transport cart is inverted from an upright posture at an input position facing the crusher, and is transferred to the crusher. Reversing means for returning to an upright posture after refuse is supplied; washing means for injecting water after treatment in the treatment tank into the reversing transport cart for washing and then dropping it into a crusher; The inversion means and
A self-contained garbage anaerobic treatment device driven by cleaning means . 10. The processing apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising a water heater connected to the water after the processing in the processing tank and a gas holder to generate hot water by a combustible gas generated at the time of the slurry decomposition processing. A self-contained garbage anaerobic treatment system that cleans garbage transport carts. 11. A processing apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein said treated water and sludge are returned to a crusher by an output of said power generation means.
Self-sufficient garbage anaerobic treatment device driven by 12. A processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of glass fiber carriers each having a hollow cylindrical glass fiber cloth peripheral wall reinforced by a frame are provided in said processing tank. A self-sufficient garbage anaerobic treatment device, wherein the anaerobic microorganisms are stacked vertically and supported on the plurality of glass fiber carriers. 13. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said frame is a spiral frame made of synthetic resin.