JP3148062B2 - Bag breaking device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a bag made of a heat-soluble material such as polyethylene (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a synthetic resin bag or a plastic bag), such as a glass bottle or an empty can. The present invention relates to a bag breaking device used for breaking a bag when the bag is carried into a waste recycling plant or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the discharge amount of industrial waste and waste from general households has been increasing year by year. The reuse (so-called recycling) movement has increased,
In order to carry out such recycling efficiently, facilities such as a waste recycling plant have been installed.
By the way, in the above-mentioned waste recycling, it is most ideal that the recyclable wastes such as glass bottles and empty cans are individually separated in the collection process with the cooperation of the residents. However, at present, except in some areas, in the case of waste from households, glass bottles, empty cans, etc. are often packed in one plastic bag and discharged as one bag. In some cases, glass bottles and empty cans are packed in separate plastic bags and discharged. Therefore, when bags containing these wastes are carried into the above-mentioned waste recycling plant, the contents to be recycled such as glass bottles and empty cans in these bags need to be taken out without destroying them. is there. For this reason, the bag is subjected to physical external forces (compression, cutting,
However, a bag breaking machine that breaks the bag by pulverization) and damages the contents to be recycled at the same time cannot be used. Therefore, in the related art, the bag breaking operation of the bag containing the waste to be carried into the plant has been performed by manually cutting the bag with a knife or the like.

[0003]

However, it is difficult to cut a polyethylene bag, which is widely used at present, with a knife. As a result, there is a risk that the worker may be seriously soiled, and if the contents contain glass fragments or the like, the worker may be injured. In addition, in the case of the above-described manual work, the worker must search for and remove a glass bottle or an empty can from the contents in the bag together with the bag breaking operation. Is difficult, and as a result, mass processing cannot be performed in a short time. In addition, as for the conventional bag breaking machine, as described above, the bag is subjected to a physical external force (compression / compression).
There is a problem that the bag is broken by cutting / crushing and the contents are also damaged at the same time. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is possible to perform a smooth bag breaking operation and remove a glass bottle and an empty can from the contents without using manual operation, and to operate the bag breaking without damaging the contents. An object of the present invention is to provide a bag breaking device capable of performing the following.

[0004]

That is, according to the present invention, in the step of treating waste collected as general waste, when releasing the contents contained in a synthetic resin bag, the contents are loaded on a conveyor and conveyed. A device that breaks the incoming bag without applying physical external force (compression / cutting / crushing) to the contents. The surface temperature is controlled and maintained at a temperature higher than the softening temperature of the synthetic resin. The bag is cut by a plurality of heater knives a number of times, the bag is inverted using the step of the connecting conveyor, and then cut by a plurality of heater knives. Device that reciprocates the bag in the width direction of the conveyor to release the contents from the cut bag, and a device that separates and removes fragments of the synthetic resin bag from which the bag has been broken and the contents have been released. And a long strip Alternatively, a plurality of metal projections are attached to the surface of a material corresponding thereto, and the belt-shaped longitudinal ends are joined to form an endless band, a variable speed roller is inserted inside the belt, and the endless band is driven by the roller while being suspended, and the bag is The endless band is inserted across the entire width of the conveyor on which the contents and bag fragments are mixed and conveyed, and the endless lower end is arranged so as to be in contact with the upper surface of the conveyor, and a casing having a shape covering the entire endless band is attached. A bag fragment separating device that facilitates suction of bag fragments into an endless belt by suction force flowing from the lower portion of the casing by sucking air in the casing from the upper portion of the casing, and the bag fragmenting device and the bag fragment separating device. Is a bag breaking device that combines the above.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. In the present invention, a plastic bag conveyed on the mounting surface of the conveyor is first cut into a belt shape by a plurality of heater knives which are suspended in a goodwill shape in the first step. Next, in a second step, the cutting edge is made horizontal, and the plastic bag cut into a belt shape is cut in a horizontal direction by a heater knife with the cutting edge directed toward the flow. The heater knife employed in the first and second steps, and further in the fourth step described later, has a metal body whose surface is heated to 150 to 180 ° C. by built-in electric heat, and whose cross section is a flat plate having a round or edge. It is in shape. That is, a commonly used plastic bag is made of polyethylene, and the polyethylene has a softening point of 100.
The inventors focused on the fact that the temperature was ~ 130 ° C, and invented the idea of softening the plastic bag with heat (150-180 ° C) below the ignition temperature and breaking the bag. The temperature was controlled using a thermocouple to keep the surface temperature of the heater knife constant. Next, as a third step, the conveyor is connected to the next-stage conveyor, so that the plastic bag is inverted due to the step. This releases almost half of the contents of the plastic bag from the bag and the unbroken portion of the plastic bag is directed upward. The fourth step is to scatter the contents remaining in the bag by external force, and reciprocate a plurality of heater knives suspended in a goodwill shape in the width direction of the conveyor (direction perpendicular to the direction of travel). It is operated, and the plastic bag is shredded with a heater knife while swirling left and right. By the above steps, the plastic bag is completely broken and the contents contained in the bag are released from the completely broken bag.

The fifth step is to separate pieces of the cut plastic bag from the contents. As means for this separation, the inventors have tried to separate by means of wind or a rotating brush, but none of them has succeeded. That is, the contents are entangled with the pieces of the plastic bag and are not easily separated, or the pieces of the plastic bag are not wrapped around the rotating body and cannot be separated. Therefore, the inventors attach metal projections to a long strip-shaped cloth, sew the ends of this long strip into an endless strip, and, with the strip-shaped surface directed in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor, from the top of the conveyor, A device in which the lower end of the belt is suspended so as to be stroked on the upper surface of the conveyor, and is rotated by a drum inserted into the upper end inside the endless belt. In order to further increase the separation efficiency, the present inventors provided a cover having only a lower portion opened in the endless belt of the rotating belt, sucked the air in the cover from above the cover, and pulled the plastic bag fragments at the lower end of the cover. As a result, the separation efficiency of plastic bag fragments can be maintained at 100%. When the contents entangled in the plastic bag fragments are pulled up by the endless band together with the bag fragments, most of the contents fell while rising, but by providing a baffle plate in the gap with the endless band at the upper end inside the casing. This problem has also been solved. The inventors prevented the diffusion of smoke to the work area around the conveyor by covering the equipment from the first step to the fifth step with a larger canopy-type cover and sucking smoke from the heater knife. .

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The bag breaking apparatus of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 (a) is a side sectional view showing the entire bag breaking device of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (b) is a plan view. The plastic bags containing bottles and cans collected as waste are loaded on the pre-stage conveyor H and conveyed. The plastic bag filled with the contents is first broken into strips in the flow direction of the conveyor H by a vertical heater knife A composed of a plurality of rod-shaped heater elements, which is the first step of the bag breaking. Subsequently, the plastic bag is cut horizontally by the horizontal heater knife B in the second step, and the strip is cut horizontally. The softening point of the polyethylene is 100-130 ° C., and the heater knives A and B apply the surface of each heater element 1 and 2 to 150-18
It is detected and controlled by a thermocouple to keep it at 0 ° C. The surface temperature of this heater element is sufficiently lower than the ignition temperature of polyethylene (flash ignition temperature: 340 ° C, spontaneous ignition temperature: 349 ° C), and there is no danger of overheating during the test operation for about half a year. Was. In addition, the heater knife A is configured such that the mounting portion of the plurality of heater elements 1 has a hinge structure so that the heater element 1 sufficiently contacts the plastic bag. In the heater knife B, a plurality of plate-like heater elements 2 are suspended by a chain or the like so that the cutting edge of the heater element bites into the plastic bag along the flow of the plastic bag. As the next third step, a step was provided on the transport conveyor, and the broken plastic bags were turned over. For this purpose, the conveyor is divided into a front belt conveyor H and a rear belt conveyor J.
It was continuous. In the third step, the effect of the heater knife C in the fourth step is enhanced by directing the contact portion of the plastic bag loaded on the preceding belt conveyor H with the belt upward to enhance the effect of the heater knife C, and In this process, the contents of the plastic bag are released by turning the cut portion downward. In the fourth step, the contents remaining in the plastic bag are dispersed by external force, and the reciprocating variable speed heater knife C composed of a plurality of heater elements 3 attached in a goodwill shape is used to drive the rear belt. The heater element 3 was reciprocated in the width direction of the conveyor J to release the contents from the plastic bag thoroughly while further breaking the plastic bag. By the above first to fourth steps, the plastic bag was completely broken, and the contents contained in the bag were released from the completely broken bag.

The fifth step is to separate pieces of the cut plastic bag from the contents. As a device, the inventors attach metal projections to a long strip of cloth, sew the ends of this long strip into an endless strip, and place the strip-shaped surface in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor, From
The inventor of the present invention has invented a device in which the lower end of the endless belt is hung so as to stroke the upper surface of the conveyor, and is rotated by a drum inserted into the upper end inside the endless belt. That is, referring to FIG. 1, the endless belt separator D is a device that separates the cut pieces of the plastic bag from the contents. The lower end of the casing E is a position where an appropriate gap is kept from the upper surface of the belt conveyor J, and the contents released from the plastic bag and the plastic bag fragments pass through the gap in a mixed state. Inside the casing E, an endless band 4 made of a band-shaped cloth is suspended via a roller 6 rotating at a variable speed at an upper portion, and driven by the rotation of the roller 6. At this time, the lowermost end of the endless belt 4 is lowered to a position where the surface of the belt conveyor J is stroked. Endless belt 4
A plurality of metal projections 5 are mounted on the surface at an appropriate interval, and the metal projections hook the fragments of the plastic bag and pull them upward of the casing E. Endless belt 4
There is a baffle plate 7 at the upper end of the variable speed roller, that is, near the height of the variable speed roller, and when the contents are still entangled with the raised plastic bag fragments, the baffle plate falls. or,
An exhaust duct G is connected to the upper end of the casing E, and the polybag fragments pulled up by the endless belt 4 are separated and collected by a cyclone and an exhaust fan at the end of the duct G. A suction force is generated at the lower end of the casing E by the suction force of the exhaust duct G, and this suction force has an effect of drawing the plastic bag fragments to the endless belt 4, thereby increasing the separation efficiency. The purple smoke generated when the heater knives A, B, and C cut the plastic bag by heat is collected by the heater canopy F, discharged to the outside through the damper 8 in the exhaust duct G, and discharged around the bag breaking device. The work environment was maintained. The above is the outline of one embodiment of the present invention.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 (a) is a side sectional view showing the entire bag breaking device of the present invention,
FIG. 1B is a plan view showing the entire bag breaking device of the present invention.

[Signs in the drawings]

 A Vertical heater knife B Horizontal heater knife C Reciprocating variable speed heater knife D Endless band separator E Separator casing F Heater canopy G Exhaust duct H Front belt conveyor J Rear belt conveyor 1 Rod heater element 2 Plate heater element 3 Rod shape Heater element 4 Endless belt 5 Metal protrusion 6 Variable speed roller 7 Baffle plate 8 Damper

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] In the process of treating waste collected as general waste, when releasing the contents contained in a synthetic resin bag, the bags loaded on a conveyor and conveyed to the contents are released. A device that breaks a bag without applying physical external force (compression, cutting, pulverization), and uses a plurality of heater knives whose surface temperature is controlled and maintained at a temperature higher than the softening temperature of the synthetic resin. After cutting the bag multiple times, using the steps of the connecting conveyor to invert the bag, and further cutting with multiple heater knives, if necessary, reciprocate these heater knives in the width direction of the conveyor A bag breaking device having a means for releasing contents from a cut bag. 2. A heater knife having an electric heater embedded in a metal rod or a metal plate and having a surface temperature of 150-180.
2. The bag breaking device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of heater knives whose temperature is controlled to ° C. are arranged in a line. 3. An apparatus for separating and removing fragments of a synthetic resin bag whose contents have been released by breaking the bag, wherein a plurality of metal projections are attached to the surface of a long band-shaped cloth or a material corresponding thereto. Splicing the two ends to form an endless belt,
A variable speed roller is inserted inside the belt and driven while the endless belt is suspended by the roller, and the contents of the bag and the bag fragments are mixed, and the endless belt is inserted over the entire width of the conveyor to be conveyed. Attach the casing so that the lower end is in contact with the upper surface of the conveyor, and further attach a casing that covers the entire endless belt. Bag fragment separation device that makes it easy to adsorb. 4. In the step of treating waste collected as general waste, when releasing the contents contained in the synthetic resin bag, the bags loaded and conveyed on the conveyor are subjected to the contents. A device that breaks a bag without applying physical external force (compression, cutting, pulverization), and uses a plurality of heater knives whose surface temperature is controlled and maintained at a temperature higher than the softening temperature of the synthetic resin. After cutting the bag multiple times, using the steps of the connecting conveyor to invert the bag, and further cutting with multiple heater knives, if necessary, reciprocate these heater knives in the width direction of the conveyor A bag breaking device provided with a means for releasing the contents from the cut bag, and after the above cutting process, an endless band having a plurality of metal protrusions attached to the surface of a band-shaped cloth is hung by a roller rotating at a variable speed. under A bag breaking device in which a lower end of a suspended endless belt is driven in contact with a separating device that separates and removes rotating bag fragments while contacting a conveyor on which contents and bag fragments are conveyed in a mixed state. .