JP3143111B2 - Method for manufacturing valve of internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing valve of internal combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- JP3143111B2 JP3143111B2 JP02146999A JP14699990A JP3143111B2 JP 3143111 B2 JP3143111 B2 JP 3143111B2 JP 02146999 A JP02146999 A JP 02146999A JP 14699990 A JP14699990 A JP 14699990A JP 3143111 B2 JP3143111 B2 JP 3143111B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- umbrella
- lining layer
- internal combustion
- valve
- combustion engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は内燃機関の吸気又は排気用の弁の製造方法に
関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a valve for intake or exhaust of an internal combustion engine.
（従来の技術） 内燃機関には、燃焼室に開口した吸、排気孔を開閉す
るための弁を備えている。この弁は、第５図に示すよう
に、傘部１と軸部２とが同心状に連成されている。傘部
１の周縁部上面は吸、排気孔の開口部に当接するシート
面３を形成しており、一方下面は燃焼時の高温に曝され
る触火面４を形成している。(Prior Art) Internal combustion engines are provided with valves for opening and closing intake and exhaust holes opened in a combustion chamber. In this valve, as shown in FIG. 5, an umbrella portion 1 and a shaft portion 2 are concentrically coupled. The upper surface of the rim of the umbrella portion 1 forms a seat surface 3 that contacts the opening of the suction and exhaust holes, while the lower surface forms a flaming surface 4 that is exposed to high temperatures during combustion.
前記シート面３には、特に良好な耐熱性（高温におけ
る耐軟化性）や耐食性が要求される。このため耐熱性お
よび耐食性に優れたコルモノイNo.6で代表されるNi基合
金やステライトNo.6で代表されるCo基合金をこの部分に
溶接肉盛することによりライニング層を形成することが
行われている。また、特開平１−119654号公報に開示さ
れているように、この部分にセラミック材料を溶射し、
ライニング層を形成することも行われている。The sheet surface 3 is required to have particularly good heat resistance (softening resistance at high temperatures) and corrosion resistance. For this reason, it is possible to form a lining layer by welding and welding a Ni-based alloy represented by Colmonoy No. 6 and a Co-based alloy represented by Stellite No. 6 which are excellent in heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Have been Further, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-119654, a ceramic material is sprayed on this portion,
A lining layer is also formed.
（発明が解決しようとする課題） しかしながら、溶接肉盛りの場合、溶着金属直下母材
部に熱影響変質層を生じるという問題があり、母材がマ
ルテンサイト系耐熱鋼では溶着金属直下が焼入れのまま
のマルテンサイト組織になり、冷却後に割れる恐れがあ
る。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the case of welding overlay, there is a problem that a heat affected deteriorated layer is generated in a base material portion directly below the weld metal. It becomes a martensitic structure as it is and may crack after cooling.
また、母材がオーステナイト系耐熱鋼では溶接熱によ
るCr炭化物の粒界析出が起こり、結晶粒の異常成長を伴
った脆化層を現出する恐れがある。In addition, when the base metal is an austenitic heat-resistant steel, grain boundary precipitation of Cr carbide occurs due to welding heat, and an embrittled layer accompanied by abnormal growth of crystal grains may appear.
このような母材に現出した熱影響変質層、特に溶着金
属極近傍は弁の開閉毎に高温と低温に曝される運転状態
のもとで、溶着金属との熱膨張係数差あるいは母材自身
の内外温度差により発生する熱応力や溶接時に発生した
残留応力によりクラックを生じやすく、また、生じたク
ラックが溶着金属にまで進展し、溶着金属の剥離に至る
恐れがある。The heat-affected layer, which appears in such a base metal, especially in the vicinity of the weld metal pole, is exposed to high and low temperatures every time the valve is opened and closed. Cracks are likely to occur due to thermal stress generated due to the difference in temperature between the inside and outside and the residual stress generated at the time of welding, and the generated cracks may extend to the weld metal, possibly leading to peeling of the weld metal.
一方、溶射によって得られるライニング層はミクロ的
にはポーラスであり、腐食性燃焼ガスの侵入を阻止でき
ず、このため母材が腐食されるおそれがある。On the other hand, the lining layer obtained by thermal spraying is microscopically porous and cannot prevent the intrusion of corrosive combustion gas, so that the base material may be corroded.
また、セラミックと母材金属とは極端な熱膨張係数差
がある。このため、前記公報の技術では、母材より離れ
るに従がい、徐々にセラミックの量を増加するようにし
ている。このような工夫により、母材とセラミックとの
間の溶射後の残留応力分布の勾配は緩くなる。しかし、
発生残留応力を完全に無くすことは困難であり、弁の開
閉毎に高温と低温に曝される運転状態の下では熱応力が
繰り返し作用するため、ライニング層内のミクロポワが
クラック発生の起点となり、ライニング層にクラックが
生じるおそれがある。Further, there is an extreme difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the ceramic and the base metal. For this reason, in the technique of the above publication, the amount of ceramic is gradually increased as the distance from the base material increases. By such a measure, the gradient of the residual stress distribution between the base material and the ceramic after thermal spraying becomes gentle. But,
It is difficult to completely eliminate the generated residual stress, and the thermal stress repeatedly acts under the operating condition where the valve is exposed to high and low temperatures every time the valve is opened and closed. Cracks may occur in the lining layer.
また、溶射によって形成したライニング層は、母材と
の接合界面において冶金学的接合を有していないため、
前記熱応力の下では剥離が生じ易いという問題がある。In addition, since the lining layer formed by thermal spraying does not have metallurgical bonding at the bonding interface with the base material,
There is a problem that peeling easily occurs under the thermal stress.
近年、低質重油の使用や低燃費の実現のため、燃焼温
度の向上が望まれており、これに伴って傘部下面（触火
面）にも耐蝕性・耐熱性に優れたライニング層を形成す
ることが望まれているが、溶接肉盛りあるいは溶射によ
るライニング層を傘部の触火面よりシート面にかけて形
成すると、叙上の問題点がより一層助長され、ライニン
グ層の形成が困難である。In recent years, in order to use low-quality heavy oil and achieve low fuel consumption, it has been desired to increase the combustion temperature. With this, a lining layer with excellent corrosion resistance and heat resistance is formed on the lower surface (fire surface) of the umbrella. However, if the lining layer formed by welding or thermal spraying is formed from the inflamed surface of the umbrella portion to the sheet surface, the problems described above are further promoted, and it is difficult to form the lining layer. .
本発明はかかる問題に鑑みなされたもので、耐熱性お
よび耐食性を有し、ガス遮断性、耐クラック性および耐
剥離性の優れたライニング層が傘部の下面から周縁部お
よびシート面にかけて全面的に形成することができる内
燃機関の弁の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and has a heat resistance and corrosion resistance, and a lining layer having excellent gas barrier properties, crack resistance and peeling resistance is entirely formed from the lower surface of the umbrella portion to the peripheral portion and the sheet surface. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a valve of an internal combustion engine that can be formed in a vehicle.
（課題を解決するための手段） 本発明は、内燃機関の燃焼室に開口する吸気孔又は排
気孔を開閉するための傘部と、該傘部に同心状に連成さ
れた軸部とからなる弁の製造方法において、前記目的を
達成するために、傘部本体の下面から周縁部及びシート
面にかけてライニング層を形成するための隙間を隔てて
カバーを被せ、該隙間に耐熱性および耐食性を有する金
属粉末を充填し、熱間等方圧加圧処理により傘部本体の
下部外周面にライニング層を形成し、該ライニング層が
形成された傘部に軸部を固着する手段を講じるものであ
る。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention comprises an umbrella portion for opening and closing an intake hole or an exhaust hole opening in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and a shaft portion concentrically coupled to the umbrella portion. In the valve manufacturing method, in order to achieve the above object, a cover is provided with a gap for forming a lining layer from the lower surface of the umbrella portion main body to the peripheral portion and the seat surface, and the gap is provided with heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Filling the metal powder having, forming a lining layer on the lower outer peripheral surface of the umbrella part main body by hot isostatic pressing treatment, and taking means to fix the shaft part to the umbrella part on which the lining layer is formed. is there.
（作 用） 傘部本体とカバーとの間の隙間に充填された耐熱性お
よび耐食性を有する金属粉末は、熱間等方圧加圧（HI
P）処理により、焼結一体化されほぼ真密度の緻密なラ
イニング層に形成されると共に、該ライニング層は傘部
本体の下部外周面に固相拡散接合する。この接合面は冶
金学的に一体化しており、極めて強固に接合している。(Operation) The metal powder having heat resistance and corrosion resistance filled in the gap between the umbrella body and the cover is subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HI
By P) processing, a sintered lining is formed to a dense lining layer of almost true density, and the lining layer is solid-phase diffusion bonded to the lower outer peripheral surface of the umbrella body. The joining surfaces are metallurgically integrated and are very firmly joined.
（実施例） 本発明の内燃機関の弁の製造方法は、傘部１と軸部２
とを別々に製作し、最終的に両者を同心状に固着して製
作される。(Example) A method for manufacturing a valve of an internal combustion engine according to the present invention includes an umbrella section 1 and a shaft section 2.
Are manufactured separately, and finally both are fixed concentrically.
前記傘部１は、第１図に示すように、傘部本体11の下
面から周縁部及びシート面にかけてライニング層を形成
するための隙間を隔ててカバー12を被せ、該隙間にライ
ニング用粉末13を充填し、HIP処理を施して、傘部本体1
1の下部外周面にライニング層を形成したものである。
第１図中、14は粉末充填用および脱気用の短管であり、
Ａ部はカバーの分割接合面である。As shown in FIG. 1, the umbrella portion 1 is covered with a cover 12 from the lower surface of the umbrella portion main body 11 to the peripheral edge portion and the sheet surface with a gap for forming a lining layer therebetween. Fill, HIP processing, umbrella body 1
A lining layer is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the lower part of No. 1.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 14 denotes a short pipe for powder filling and degassing,
Part A is a split joining surface of the cover.
前記傘部本体11は、SUH31やSUH3等のオーステナイト
系やマルテンサイト系の耐熱ステンレス鋼、ニッケル系
耐熱合金等を用いて鍛造により形成されている。The umbrella portion main body 11 is formed by forging using austenitic or martensitic heat-resistant stainless steel such as SUH31 or SUH3, or a nickel-based heat-resistant alloy.
該本体11の下部外周面に被着されるカバー12は、HIP
処理時の圧媒ガスを通さず、粉末の緻密化に伴う変形に
追従でき、ライニング用粉末13や傘部本体11と反応しな
いものであればよく、通常、軟鋼板、ステンレス鋼板等
の軟質金属板で形成される。該カバー12は電子ビーム溶
接、TIG溶接等によって、組み立てられ、また傘部本体1
1の周縁上部に溶接されている。The cover 12 attached to the lower outer peripheral surface of the main body 11 is a HIP
Any material may be used as long as it does not allow passage of the pressurizing gas during processing and can follow the deformation accompanying the densification of the powder and does not react with the lining powder 13 or the umbrella body 11, and is usually a soft metal such as a mild steel plate or a stainless steel plate. It is formed of a plate. The cover 12 is assembled by electron beam welding, TIG welding, etc.
1 is welded to the upper edge.
傘部本体11とカバー12との隙間に充填されるライニン
グ用粉末としては、傘部本体11よりも耐熱性（高温にお
ける軟化抵抗が大きいことを含む。）および耐食性に優
れる高合金粉末が使用される。かかる合金としてはナイ
モニック80A、コルモノイNo.6、インコネル合金等のNi
基合金、ステライトNo.6に代表されるようなCo基合金を
例示することができる。尚、粉末の粒形は特に限定され
ないが、球形ないし略球形のものがよい。充填性に優れ
るからである。As the lining powder to be filled in the gap between the umbrella body 11 and the cover 12, a high-alloy powder having higher heat resistance (including a high softening resistance at a high temperature) and corrosion resistance than the umbrella body 11 is used. You. Examples of such alloys include Nimonic 80A, Colmonoy No. 6, and Inconel alloys.
Base alloys and Co-base alloys represented by Stellite No. 6 can be exemplified. The shape of the powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably spherical or substantially spherical. This is because it has excellent filling properties.
ライニング用粉末を充填する隙間は、所期のライニン
グ層の厚さ（設計ライニング厚さ）を予め実験により求
めたライニング用粉末の充填率で除し、この値に加工代
を考慮して決定すればよい。The gap for filling the lining powder is determined by dividing the expected thickness of the lining layer (designed lining thickness) by the filling rate of the lining powder determined in advance by experiments, and taking this value into account in consideration of the processing allowance. Just fine.
カバー12内にライニング用粉末13を充填した傘部本体
11は、脱気密封後、１個ごとでもよいが、複数個まとめ
てHIP処理を施すとよい。生産性に優れるからである。H
IP処理条件は、各部の材質形状によって異なるが、通常
800℃以上、500kgf/cm2以上の条件が選定される。HIP処
理により、ライニング用粉末は焼結一体化してライニン
グ層となると共に傘部本体11の下面ないし周縁部及びシ
ート面に固相拡散接合される。カバー12は、HIP処理後
除去される。Umbrella body filled with lining powder 13 in cover 12
In step 11, after degassing and sealing, it may be performed one by one, but it is preferable to perform HIP processing collectively on a plurality of pieces. This is because the productivity is excellent. H
IP processing conditions vary depending on the material and shape of each part.
A condition of 800 ° C or higher and 500kgf / cm 2 or higher is selected. By the HIP treatment, the lining powder is sintered and integrated to form a lining layer and is solid-phase diffusion bonded to the lower surface or the peripheral portion of the umbrella portion main body 11 and the sheet surface. The cover 12 is removed after the HIP processing.
傘部本体11の下部外周面にライニング層が形成された
傘部１は、その上端に軸部素材が固着され、粗仕上げが
施される。第２図は粗仕上げ後の弁の要部断面を示し、
16はライニング層である。軸部２は傘部本体11と同様の
材質の鍛造材や圧延材を用いて形成すればよい。固着手
段としては、溶接、圧接等適宜の手段を適用することが
できる。粗仕上げ後、溶体化熱処理や時効処理などの必
要な熱処理を施し、精整加工を施して、製品を得る。精
整加工により、ライニング層16表面にシート面３、触火
面４が形成される。The umbrella portion 1 having the lining layer formed on the lower outer peripheral surface of the umbrella portion main body 11 has a shaft material fixed to the upper end thereof, and is roughly finished. FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a main part of the valve after the rough finishing,
16 is a lining layer. The shaft portion 2 may be formed using a forged material or a rolled material of the same material as the umbrella portion main body 11. Appropriate means such as welding and pressure welding can be applied as the fixing means. After the rough finishing, necessary heat treatment such as solution heat treatment and aging treatment is performed, and refinement is performed to obtain a product. The sheet surface 3 and the ignition surface 4 are formed on the surface of the lining layer 16 by the refining process.
第３図は、傘部１の他の製造例を示しており、この実
施例では傘部本体11はシート面の直下までフランジ状周
縁17が延設されており、該周縁17を覆うようにカバー12
が形成されている。かかる構成にすると、ライニング用
粉末13の使用量を減らすことができ、またHIP処理前の
粉末充填厚さが略均一にすることができ、ひいてはライ
ニング層の厚さを一定にすることができ、HIP処理時間
の短縮、材料コストの低減を図ることができる。第４図
は、軸部固着後の粗仕上げ形状を示している。FIG. 3 shows another example of manufacture of the umbrella portion 1. In this embodiment, the umbrella portion main body 11 has a flange-shaped peripheral edge 17 extending to just below the seat surface, and covers the peripheral edge 17. Cover 12
Are formed. With this configuration, the amount of the lining powder 13 used can be reduced, and the powder filling thickness before the HIP treatment can be made substantially uniform, and thus the thickness of the lining layer can be made constant, Shortening of HIP processing time and reduction of material cost can be achieved. FIG. 4 shows a rough finished shape after the shaft portion is fixed.
（発明の効果） 以上説明した通り、本発明の製造方法によれば、傘部
本体の下面から周縁部及びシート面にわたる広汎な領域
に、HIP処理によって形成された、耐熱性および耐食性
を有する金属粉末の緻密な焼結体からなるライニング層
を冶金学的に強固に接合することができる。このため、
ライニング層の剥離、割損を確実に防止することがで
き、しかもライニング層を構成する焼結体はほぼ真密度
となるため、燃焼ガスを透過させるおそれがない。(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, a metal having heat resistance and corrosion resistance formed by HIP processing over a wide area extending from the lower surface of the umbrella body to the peripheral portion and the sheet surface. The lining layer made of a dense sintered body of powder can be strongly bonded metallurgically. For this reason,
Peeling and breakage of the lining layer can be reliably prevented, and since the sintered body constituting the lining layer has a substantially true density, there is no risk of permeating the combustion gas.
第１図および第３図はライニング用金属粉末の充填状態
を示す傘部本体の断面図、第２図および第４図は実施例
に係る弁の要部断面図、第５図は本発明製造対象の弁の
外形図である。 １……傘部、２……軸部、３……シート面、４……触火
面、11……傘部本体、12……カバー、13……ライニング
用金属粉末。1 and 3 are cross-sectional views of an umbrella portion main body showing a filling state of a lining metal powder, FIGS. 2 and 4 are cross-sectional views of main parts of a valve according to an embodiment, and FIG. It is an outline drawing of a valve of an object. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Head part, 2 ... Shaft part, 3 ... Seat surface, 4 ... Fire surface, 11 ... Head part main body, 12 ... Cover, 13 ... Metal powder for lining.
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 岡 良一 岡山県玉野市和田６―10―３―502 (56)参考文献 特開 昭63−309706（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭63−219507（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭62−60801（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭60−54708（ＪＰ，Ｕ) 実開 昭58−191312（ＪＰ，Ｕ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) B22F 7/08 F01L 3/02 Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Ryoichi Oka 6-10-3-502 Wada, Tamano-shi, Okayama Prefecture (56) References JP-A-63-309706 (JP, A) JP-A-63-219507 (JP, A) JP-A-62-60801 (JP, A) JP-A-60-54708 (JP, U) JP-A-58-191312 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) B22F 7/08 F01L 3/02
Claims (1)
気孔を開閉するための傘部と、該傘部に同心状に連成さ
れた軸部とからなる弁の製造方法であって、 傘部本体の下面から周縁部及びシート面にかけてライニ
ング層を形成するための隙間を隔ててカバーを被せ、該
隙間に耐熱性および耐食性を有する金属粉末を充填し、
熱間等方圧加圧処理により傘部本体の下部外周面にライ
ニング層を形成し、該ライニング層が形成された傘部に
軸部を固着することを特徴とする内燃機関の弁の製造方
法。1. A method for manufacturing a valve comprising: an umbrella portion for opening and closing an intake hole or an exhaust hole opening to a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine; and a shaft portion concentrically coupled to the umbrella portion. Covering the cover with a gap for forming a lining layer from the lower surface of the umbrella body to the peripheral portion and the sheet surface, filling the gap with metal powder having heat resistance and corrosion resistance,
A method of manufacturing a valve for an internal combustion engine, comprising: forming a lining layer on a lower outer peripheral surface of an umbrella portion main body by hot isostatic pressing treatment; and fixing a shaft portion to the umbrella portion on which the lining layer is formed. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP02146999A JP3143111B2 (en) | 1990-06-04 | 1990-06-04 | Method for manufacturing valve of internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP02146999A JP3143111B2 (en) | 1990-06-04 | 1990-06-04 | Method for manufacturing valve of internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0441606A JPH0441606A (en) | 1992-02-12 |
| JP3143111B2 true JP3143111B2 (en) | 2001-03-07 |
Family
ID=15420299
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP02146999A Expired - Fee Related JP3143111B2 (en) | 1990-06-04 | 1990-06-04 | Method for manufacturing valve of internal combustion engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3143111B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2494158A1 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2012-09-05 | Man Diesel & Turbo, Filial Af Man Diesel & Turbo Se, Tyskland | An exhaust valve spindle for an internal combustion engine, and a method of manufacturing |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010083831A1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-07-29 | Man Diesel & Turbo, Filial Af Man Diesel & Turbo Se, Tyskland | A movable wall member in form of an exhaust valve spindle or a piston for an internal combustion engine, and a method of manufacturing such a member |
| EP2781284A1 (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2014-09-24 | Sandvik Intellectual Property AB | A method for manufacturing a valve spindle |
-
1990
- 1990-06-04 JP JP02146999A patent/JP3143111B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2494158A1 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2012-09-05 | Man Diesel & Turbo, Filial Af Man Diesel & Turbo Se, Tyskland | An exhaust valve spindle for an internal combustion engine, and a method of manufacturing |
| EP2494158A4 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2017-05-03 | Man Diesel & Turbo, Filial Af Man Diesel & Turbo Se, Tyskland | An exhaust valve spindle for an internal combustion engine, and a method of manufacturing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0441606A (en) | 1992-02-12 |
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| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |