JP3138234B2 - Useful microbial coated seeds - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to the improvement of seeds supplied with useful microorganisms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There are a number of processing techniques for coating seeds by mixing microorganisms and drugs. Many of these techniques adsorb microorganisms to peat moss, diatomaceous earth, etc. in order to maintain the activity of the microorganisms after processing. The carrier thus used was used as a buffer to reduce stress on microorganisms generated during contact with a drug or coating. In the case of this conventional technique, the microorganisms must be adsorbed on the carrier, so that the number of preparation steps for the operation increases, and the handling of processing becomes complicated. In order to properly attach the carrier of solid components such as peat moss and diatomaceous earth to the seed surface, three steps of mixing, molding and drying with the seed are required. Therefore, a well-known batch-type sugar-coated film coating apparatus cannot be used. Special equipment must be prepared. In order to ensure the density of microorganisms coated on the seed, the solid component carrier must be used in a certain weight or more. As a result, the size of the seed after processing or the weight of the seed increases, so that the design of the sowing machine may have to be changed during the sowing operation. In contrast to the above-described conventional techniques, a technique for supplying microorganisms using a liquid carrier is known. (See, for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 3-501800.) The liquid carrier disclosed in the second prior art contains water and a buffer solution of a water base, for example, a phosphate buffer solution. In addition, various functions such as protection of microorganisms from toxic substances of legume seeds and retention of activity of immobilized microorganisms are not good. The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances described above, and has as its object to solve the above-mentioned problems found in the second prior art.

[0003]

The present invention employs the following technical means to achieve the above object. Useful microorganisms immobilizing microorganisms solution immobilized, and a binder consisting of two liquid, and the drug, coated becomes with the extender and the combined bacteria retained solution into a film on seeds of legumes, before
The microorganism immobilizing solution is sugar, polyvinyl alcohol.
, Polyvinylpyrrolidone and water
It is.

[0004]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The adapted seeds used in the present invention are all seeds of legumes. The useful microorganisms are mainly bacteria such as rhizobia, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, and the like, which can be recovered from the cell paste by liquid culture. The cell paste is prepared by adding a protective agent such as a 15% saline solution to the cell paste, storing frozen at -80 ° C, and thawing at the time of use to adjust to a certain concentration. A remarkable difference between the cell paste and the first known dry microorganism in the prior art is that the cell paste stores a large amount of concentrated cell cells at a time as compared with the dry microorganism. Is possible, and the preservation operation does not require a dedicated device such as a vacuum freeze-dryer, is simple, and the preservation period is similar to that of dried microorganisms. It is suitable.

[0005] The purpose of coating the seeds with useful microorganisms is to fix air nitrogen and take it in as nitrogen nutrients by symbiosis with legumes represented by rhizobia.
Or by adding other microorganisms, hormonal effects,
This is to effectively utilize the antagonism against plant pathogens, and the use of concentrated cell paste makes it possible to easily control the inoculation density. As the microorganism, filamentous fungi, actinomycetes and the like can be used in addition to the above-mentioned bacteria, but the concentration of bacteria that can form spores is more easily controlled by using spores. The microbial cell paste is suspended in an immobilization solution maintained at room temperature so as to have a predetermined density, thereby preparing a microbial immobilization solution.

The immobilizing solution for immobilizing microorganisms has the following components and purposes. Sugar Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Water Here, the purpose of using sugar is to exert a function of improving the retention of immobilized microorganisms. It is also for improving the recovery of the microbial activity in the soil after sowing the microbial-coated seed.

The purpose of blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is to contain the microorganisms in the cross-linked structure of the molecules of the water-soluble polymer compound and to protect the contained microorganisms from external environmental factors such as pesticides, humidity and temperature. Demonstrate the work. That is, it is a component that exhibits a function of immobilizing microorganisms. The purpose of adding polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is to protect the microorganisms from toxic substances present on the surface of the seeds, especially known as legume seeds, and at the same time to improve the dispersibility of the microorganisms in the microorganism immobilization solution. The incorporation ratio described below protects the microorganisms from hot air drying stress during processing of the microorganism-coated seeds.

[0008] The cell holding solution has the following components and purposes. Microorganism immobilization solution (microorganism immobilized) Binder A liquid (Gum arabic) Binder B liquid (starch) Drug (pesticide, fungicide or plant growth regulator) Bulking agent (fine powder calcium carbonate) The binder consisting of the two liquids with the liquid B improves the adhesion of microorganisms to the seed surface, exhibits good adhesion even on a glossy seed surface, and at the same time has good drying properties, and is more than necessary. Is added so that it can be processed without being exposed to warm air.

[0009] Among the chemicals, fungicides control pathogenic microorganisms in the soil and improve germination and colonization of microbial-coated seeds. Insecticides, after sowing, pests that infest the seeds in the soil in the soil ( For example, try to get rid of flies). Usable drugs include commercially available pesticides, fungicides and plant growth regulators of pesticides. (For example, the fungicide bis (dimethylthiocarbamoyl) di
Sulfide, 2-methoxy-N- (2-oxo-1,3
And (2-isopropyl-4-methylpyrimidyl-6) diethylthiophosphate as an insecticide, such as -oxazolidin-3-yl) aceto-2 ', 6'-xylidide. ) As the filler, fine powder calcium carbonate having a mesh size of 45 µm or less is used. In the case of coloring, a food additive dye is added to the 0.1-0.2% bacterial cell holding solution.

The seed is coated with the cell-retaining solution by using a well-known batch-type sugar-coated film coating apparatus to form a film (a thin film about the thickness of cellophane paper). Here, as the binder, in addition to the above two liquids, a methylcellulose-based resin (such as carboxymethylcellulose), a vinyl acetate-based resin, a vinyl acetate polymer, and gelatin can be used. Further, in addition to the above-mentioned filler, rutile-type titanium oxide having a mesh size of 45 μm or less can be used as the filler. Further, applicable seeds are all the seeds whose seed surface is similar to the state of the beans in addition to the above-mentioned beans in general.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The manufacturing method of the present invention will be described in the order of a processing preparation step and a manufacturing step (processing step). Processing preparation step Preparation of immobilization solution for immobilizing microorganisms Sugar 15.0% Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 10.0% Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) 1.0% Water 74.0% Sugar, PVA, PVP, water At room temperature to prepare an immobilization solution. The purpose of blending each component and the purpose of blending ratio are the same as described above.

Mixing of Fixation Solution and Microorganism In a fixation solution maintained at room temperature, a microbial cell paste is suspended so as to have a predetermined density.
A microorganism-immobilized solution in which microorganisms are immobilized is prepared. The suspension density of the microbial cell paste of the suspension is adjusted so that 10 ⁵ to 10 ⁷ microorganisms per seed adhere. The suspension density varies depending on the type of microorganism, but, for example, in the case of rhizobia, the immobilization solution is adjusted so that the number of cells does not fall below 10 ⁸ cells per gram of the solution. The mixing time is about 30 minutes after the addition of the microbial cell paste.

Preparation of Binder Arabic gum 25% solution (Solution A) Starch 15% solution (Solution B) The purpose of use of the binder is as described above.

Addition of Drug to Binder Commercially available agricultural chemicals, ie, the above-mentioned drugs, are added to the binder.
As will be described later, this addition amount can be changed in accordance with the effect of the drug used by changing the mixing ratio with the extender. As the filler, use is made of the above-mentioned fine powder calcium carbonate having a mesh size of 45 μm or less.

Preparation of Cell Retaining Solution Microorganism-fixing solution (microorganism-fixed) 5% Binder A solution 25% Binder B solution 45% Drug 10-15% Extender 15-15% It is prepared by mixing (mixing at room temperature). If coloring is desired, a food additive dye is added to the 0.1 to 0.2% bacterial cell holding solution.

Preparation of Manufacturing Apparatus A seed to be coated with microorganisms is put into a processing chamber (rotary drum) of a well-known batch type sugar coating film coating apparatus, and a spray for coating microorganisms is set. (The above coating device is not shown.)

Manufacturing Process First Process The processing temperature of the manufacturing equipment is set to 40 to 45
Set to about ° C. The reason for setting the processing temperature to about 40 to 45 ° C is that if the air blowing temperature exceeds 50 ° C, the microbial mortality during processing due to heat stress increases, and the number of microorganisms adhered after processing is stabilized. Therefore, in order to prevent this, the safety range is set in consideration of the safety range. After starting the production apparatus, seeds were washed for 40 minutes before spraying with the cell suspension solution.
Preheat for about 5 to 10 minutes until it reaches about 45 ° C. This preheating of the seeds is performed to prevent sweating of the seed surface when the seed temperature is low. Then, the exhaust temperature becomes stable and constant in a temperature range slightly lower than the processing temperature (for example, in the range of 35 to 40 ° C.), and the processing temperature becomes constant (40 to 4 ° C.).
When it becomes stable and constant in the range of 5 ° C.), processing is started.

Second Step The rotation of the processing chamber (rotary drum) is set at 20 to 25 rpm, and the seeds in the processing chamber are uniformly heated. The rotation of the processing chamber is faster as the seeds are larger. The reason for increasing the rotation of the processing chamber as the seeds are larger is that the ratio of the total surface area of the seeds stored in the processing chamber is smaller as the seeds are larger,
If the number of rotations is not increased as the seeds become larger, the rolling method becomes slower during spray coating, which may cause coating unevenness. This is to avoid this. The seed rolls in the processing chamber.

Third step: The seeds heated in the processing chamber are coated with a cell-retaining solution in a film form by spraying. The bacterial cell holding solution is coated by spraying at a weight ratio of 0.4% / min with respect to the seed weight of the processing raw material. The coating time with this spray is 25
It is about 30 minutes. The reason why the coating time did not exceed 30 minutes was that if the time exceeded 30 minutes, the viability of the coated microorganisms was significantly reduced. The seeds are coated in a film with a uniform thickness (thickness of the cellophane paper) with the bacterial cell holding solution while rolling in the processing chamber.

Fourth Step: The supply of warm air to the useful microorganism-coated seeds coated with a film having a uniform thickness of the cell-retaining solution is stopped to stop heating, and the seed temperature is lowered to room temperature. This drop in product temperature is performed by rolling the coated seeds in a processing chamber. The rolling of the coated seed for lowering the product temperature is performed by reducing the rotation speed of the processing chamber to 10 rpm and continuing to rotate it for about 10 to 15 minutes. Thus, seeds coated with useful microorganisms in the form of a film are produced.

[0021]

As described above, the present invention provides a method for coating legume seeds in a film form with a cell-retaining solution obtained by mixing a binder, a drug and the like consisting of two components with a microorganism-fixing solution in which useful microorganisms are fixed. And the microorganism-immobilized solution is
Sugar, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolide
The following effects are exhibited by the preparation from water and water . Sugar improves the retention of microorganisms immobilized in the microorganism immobilization solution and improves the recovery of microbial activity in the soil after seeding with microbial-coated seeds.
Microorganisms are encapsulated in the cross-linked structure of the molecules of the water-soluble polymer compound, which protects the encapsulated microorganisms from external environmental factors such as pesticides, humidity, and temperature, and firmly fixes the microorganisms. The microorganisms are protected from the toxic substances present on the seed surface known in legume seeds, and at the same time, the dispersibility of the microorganisms in the microorganism immobilizing solution is improved. Good adhesion of microorganisms to the seed surface, good adhesion even on shiny seed surfaces, good drying characteristics, and processing without unnecessary exposure to hot air Can be processed. After sowing the seeds coated with useful microorganisms, it is expected that microorganisms in the soil, which are harmful to the seeds, will be exterminated, the growth of crops will be vigorous, and high quality products will be harvested. Since it is a useful microbial-coated seed, there is no need to change the design of the sowing machine at the time of sowing as compared to the first conventional technique using the solid component carrier, and the seed is subjected to the same operation as the unprocessed seed. be able to. Microbes contained in useful microbe-coated seeds, by the action of useful components such as drugs,
The labor of attaching these components to the seeds again can be omitted.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method of coating a bean seed with a microbial cell immobilization solution in which useful microorganisms are immobilized, and a mixture of a two-part binder, a drug, and a bulking agent mixed with a cell-retaining solution. Wherein the microorganism-immobilizing solution is
Sugar, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolide
And useful microorganism-coated seeds prepared by mixing water and water . 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said microorganisms are cultured in a liquid culture.
The useful microorganism-coated seed according to claim 1 , which is a bacterium that can be recovered .