JP3137560U - Electronic circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
Provided is an electronic circuit capable of charging batteries having different rated voltages or lighting a light emitting diode with power supplies having different supply voltages.
[Solution]
A rectifier 2 that turns the AC power source 8 into a DC, a capacitor 3 connected in parallel to the load side terminal of the rectifier 2, and one or more constant current diodes 1 connected in series to one load side terminal of the rectifier 2; When charging at least one or more batteries 5 connected in series to the constant current diode 1 in parallel with the capacitor 3 or lighting at least one light emitting diode 6, the constant current diode An electronic circuit using 1 as a variable resistor.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an electronic circuit capable of charging one or more batteries having different nominal voltages or lighting one or more light-emitting diodes with power supplies having different supply voltages.

  As shown in FIG. 7, a charger for replenishing electricity to a large number of batteries that has been seen in the prior art is to reduce the voltage from an AC power supply 8 to a predetermined voltage by a step-down transformer 11 and then to DC by a rectifier 21. Rectify to A capacitor 31 is connected in parallel to the load side terminal of the rectifier 21, and a charging circuit is configured in which a resistor 41 is connected in series to one of the load side terminals of the rectifier. The batteries 51, 52,... 5n to be charged are connected in series with the resistor 41 and in parallel with the capacitor 3 to be charged.

  Here, the predetermined voltage V obtained by dropping the voltage from the AC power supply 8 by the step-down transformer 11 is not preferable if the value is too large, because the battery is overcharged, and is slightly higher than the rated voltage Vz of the battery to be charged. (Vz + Δα). Therefore, in order to charge batteries having different rated voltages, there is an inconvenience of replacing with a different step-down transformer 11.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, an LED lamp that lights a large number of light emitting diodes (hereinafter referred to as LEDs) that have been conventionally used is a step-down transformer 11 that drops a voltage from an AC power supply 8 to a predetermined voltage. After that, the rectifier 21 rectifies the direct current. A capacitor 31 is connected in parallel to the load side terminal of the rectifier 21, and an electronic circuit is configured in which a resistor 41 is connected in series to one of the load side terminals of the rectifier. Then, the LEDs 61, 62,... 6n to be lit are connected in series with the resistor 41 and in parallel with the capacitor 3 to be lit as an LED lamp.

The conventional LED lamp has a connection configuration of the AC power supply 8, the step-down transformer 11, the rectifier 21, the capacitor 3 and the resistor 41 shown in FIG. 8, and is an LED in which LEDs are connected in series instead of the battery of FIG. is there. In this case, the lighting current of the electronic circuit varies depending on the number of LEDs and the resistance. In addition, since the load voltage to the LED lamp changes due to the voltage loss of the voltage stabilizer mounted inside, the conventional lamp fixture is inconvenient that the brightness of the LED lamp becomes brighter or darker than necessary. There's a problem.
Registered Utility Model No. 3040946

  As described above, the electronic circuit using the resistor 41 is not very convenient. For example, every time a battery with a different rated voltage is charged, there is an inconvenience of replacing with a different step-down transformer 11. In addition, the lighting current of an electronic circuit in which LEDs are connected in series instead of a battery varies depending on the number of LEDs mounted, the voltage stabilizer of the lighting fixture, and the load voltage of internal voltage loss. Therefore, there is an inconvenient problem that the brightness of the LED lamp becomes brighter or darker than necessary.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to charge a battery of various rated voltages without replacing with a different step-down transformer 11, and to the LED lamp by the internal voltage loss of the resistor, the LED and the voltage stabilizer of the lamp fixture. It is to provide an electronic circuit in which an LED lamp can be lit with substantially constant brightness even when the load voltage of the LED changes.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a charger that has the above electronic circuit and is not limited by the number of batteries to be charged, for example, a plurality of batteries or a single battery that can be charged in the same way. And an electronic circuit capable of LED lighting with an unlimited number of LEDs.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery charger that has the electronic circuit and can be charged regardless of the type of battery such as alkali, lithium, Ni-Cd, Ni-MHx, etc., and an internal voltage. It is to provide an electronic circuit that illuminates brightly even if the LEDs have different gate voltages Vf (voltages at which current starts to flow).

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, the present invention according to claim 1 includes a rectifier 2 that turns an AC power supply 8 into a DC, a capacitor 3 connected in parallel to a load-side terminal of the rectifier 2, and one load of the rectifier 2. When charging one or more constant current diodes 1 connected in series to the side terminal and at least one battery 5 connected in series to the constant current diode 1 in parallel to the capacitor 3 Alternatively, when the at least one light emitting diode 6 is turned on, the constant current diode 1 is used as a variable resistor.

  As described above, according to the present invention, charging is possible regardless of the number of batteries even if the rated voltages of the batteries are different. Moreover, it becomes possible to light with appropriate brightness which is not dark and not too bright regardless of the number of LEDs.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, the present invention according to claim 1 includes a rectifier 2 that turns an AC power supply 8 into a DC, a capacitor 3 connected in parallel to a load-side terminal of the rectifier 2, and one load of the rectifier 2. When charging one or more constant current diodes 1 connected in series to the side terminal and at least one battery 5 connected in series to the constant current diode 1 in parallel to the capacitor 3 Alternatively, when the at least one light emitting diode 6 is turned on, the constant current diode 1 is used as a variable resistor.

Embodiment 1
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a charger according to the present invention. This circuit diagram shows a state where a battery to be charged is connected.

  The charger in FIG. 1 includes an AC power supply 8, a rectifier 2, a capacitor 3, a constant current diode 1, and a battery 5 as main components. Note that the constant voltage diode 7 and the transistor 9 in parallel with the battery 5 are auxiliary discharge components for preventing the battery 5 from being significantly increased above the rated voltage so that the battery 5 is not overcharged.

  The voltage from the AC power supply 8 is rectified to DC by the rectifier 2. A capacitor 3 is connected in parallel to the load side terminal of the rectifier 2, and one or more constant current diodes 1 are connected in series to one of the load side terminals of the rectifier 2. The batteries 51, 52,..., 5 n to be charged are connected in series with the constant current diode 1 and in parallel with the capacitor 3.

  Here, the high voltage from the AC power supply 8 (for example, 100 V) remains high even when rectified to DC by the rectifier 2, but becomes extremely low after passing through a constant current diode that serves as a variable resistor. The voltage is reduced to a voltage slightly higher than the rated voltage (for example, 1.5 to 24 V) of the battery to be charged, and the battery 5 is charged.

  When the batteries 51, 52,..., 5n are set, charging current I (= I1 + I2 + In) flows. The voltage of the battery during charging is slightly higher than the rated value, but after the completion of charging, it gradually decreases and then settles to a constant value, and the battery retains a voltage according to the characteristics of the rated voltage. In a 1.5V alkaline battery, it is 1.4-1.6V.

  Since the terminal voltage of each battery after completion of charging is connected in parallel for each battery, if there is a potential difference between each battery, the current is charged from the high voltage to the low voltage battery, and it is almost the same level. It becomes potential.

  In addition, the constant voltage diode 7 and the transistor 9 which are auxiliary discharge parts for preventing a significant increase from the rated voltage are connected in parallel to the battery 5 so that the battery 5 is not overcharged. In the constant voltage diode 7, since the charging voltage of the battery 5 exceeds a predetermined voltage, the minute current Iz0 flows from the constant voltage diode 7 to the transistor 9, and the amplified discharge current Iz1 flows to the discharge circuit bypassed. The charging current (= I−Iz0−Iz1) is reduced, and the battery is prevented from being overcharged.

  The A line of FIG. 2 has shown the time change of the voltage between the terminals of the battery in charge in the said charger. First, at the initial stage t1 of charging, the voltage curve A rises with charging. During this period, the terminal voltage of the battery is V1, which is lower than the rated voltage Vz. At t2, when charging proceeds, the terminal voltage of the battery gradually increases, and becomes a voltage V2 that is the same as or slightly higher than the rated voltage Vz (Vz = <V2).

  The B line in FIG. 3 shows the change over time of the charging current to the battery. After t2 when charging has progressed, the discharge current increases, so the charging current decreases and the battery is prevented from being overcharged.

Embodiment 2
FIG. 4 is a circuit showing a configuration of an LED lamp according to another embodiment of the present invention.

  In this LED lamp, the configuration of the AC power supply 8, the constant current diode 1, the rectifier 2, the capacitor 3, and the like is the same as that of the first embodiment, and one or more LEDs 6 are arranged in parallel with the capacitor 3 instead of the battery 5. It is connected to the.

  Here, the high voltage from the AC power supply 8 (for example, 100V) remains high even when rectified to DC by the rectifier 2, but is reduced in pressure by the constant current diode 1 that plays the role of a variable resistor, and is 2-4V. Even one or more LEDs 6 having different gate voltages Vf (voltages at which current starts to flow) are lit brightly.

  After the LEDs 61, 62,..., 6n are set in the LED lamp (100V power source), a lighting current is passed. The voltage of the LED during lighting varies (95 to 110 V) depending on the resistance and the voltage stabilizer, but an appropriate lighting current (for example, 20 to 23 mA) is applied to the LED by the constant current diode 1 that functions as a variable resistor. As it flows, it lights up brightly.

  FIG. 5 shows a change in the lighting current of the LED with respect to the voltage of the LED lamp.

  When the power supply voltage changes from 95V (C point) to 110V (D point), two constant current diodes 1 acting as variable resistors are connected in parallel, and the current of E line (when 29 LEDs are connected in series) Is 23 to 14 mA, and for J-line (31 LEDs), it is 17 to 25 mA. The current of the F line (30 LEDs) is 22 to 20 mA, so it is not too dark (20 mA or less), becomes an H line region (20 to 22 mA) with appropriate brightness, and has an overcurrent (for example, 25 mA). Thus, the preferred LED lamp is such that the luminance deterioration due to the above is not accelerated.

  FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the current I of the constant current diode 1 and the resistance Ω. By multiplying the resistance Ω on the horizontal axis by the current I, it can be converted to a voltage V. In the first embodiment, the high variable resistance value in region III is used to reduce the voltage to the rated voltage of the battery to be charged. In the second embodiment, an appropriate current is supplied to the LED using a low variable resistance value in the region I. In either case, a variable resistance value in a region not limited to the most effective region II (high current region) of the constant current diode 1 is used.

  1 and 4 show the first and second embodiments in which the battery 5 or the LED 6 is separately used. However, the embodiment in which the battery 5 and the LED 6 are combined with an electronic circuit is naturally possible. . In the embodiment, the voltage is adjusted only by the constant current diode 1, but it is also possible to share or reduce the load of the constant current diode 1 by arranging a resistor in series or in parallel with the constant current diode 1. . The constant current diode 1 is connected in series to one load side terminal of the rectifier 2, but one or more constant current diodes 1 having a normal operating voltage of 25 to 100 V (15 to 0.2 mA) are arranged in series. Thus, it can withstand a high voltage, or can be arranged in parallel to pass a high current. In an electronic circuit, in order to reduce heat generation of a semiconductor, it is preferable to prevent heat deterioration damage by radiating heat with a heat conductor such as copper, aluminum, or plastic.

  The present invention relates to a charger for reusing a disposable battery and an electronic circuit that facilitates bright lighting of an LED lamp with low power consumption from the viewpoint of global environmental conservation in recent years.

It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the charger of Embodiment 1 to which this invention is applied. It is drawing which shows the time change of the voltage between the terminals of the battery in charge in the charger of Embodiment 1 to which this invention is applied. The time change of the charging current to the battery in charge in the charger of Embodiment 1 to which this invention is applied is shown. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the light emitting diode lamp of Embodiment 2 to which this invention is applied. It is drawing which shows the relationship between the voltage between terminals of the diode during lighting in the light emitting diode lamp of Embodiment 2 to which this invention is applied, and an electric current. It is drawing which shows the relationship between resistance of a constant current diode, and an electric current. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the conventional charger. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the conventional light emitting diode lamp.

Explanation of symbols

1 Constant current diode (CRD)
2 Rectifier 3 Capacitor 4 Resistance 5 Battery
6 Light emitting diode (LED)
7 Constant voltage diode (Zener diode)
8 AC power supply 9 Transistor 11 Transformer

Claims (1)

A rectifier 2 that turns the AC power source 8 into a DC, a capacitor 3 connected in parallel to the load side terminal of the rectifier 2, and one or more constant current diodes 1 connected in series to one load side terminal of the rectifier 2; When charging at least one or more batteries 5 connected in series to the constant current diode 1 in parallel with the capacitor 3 or lighting at least one light emitting diode 6, the constant current diode An electronic circuit using 1 as a variable resistor.

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