JP3135924U - Hull turning device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hull turning device having a small resistance force for pushing a ship downwind and a large turning force for turning the ship by wind.
A hull rotating device for receiving wind and rotating a hull in a predetermined direction, comprising: a base portion attached to the hull; and a main body portion attached to the base portion. The main body is formed continuously between a first horizontal plane and a second horizontal plane above the first horizontal plane, and has an airfoil having an airfoil centerline along a line segment in a horizontal section. A hull turning device having a wing portion formed.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a hull turning device, and more particularly to a hull turning device used in the same manner as a spanker attached to the hull for receiving wind and turning the hull in a predetermined direction.

The spanker has been attached to the hull in order to direct the hull in a predetermined direction (usually the direction in which the bow is directed to the windward) with respect to the wind direction by receiving wind (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Patent Document 1 states that “a fishing technique using a small fishing boat is conventionally known as drift fishing, in which fishing is carried out while drifting a boat freely without letting a rod down. In fishing, the bow (tip) may be directed leeward depending on the direction of the wind, and it may flow faster than the flow of the tide, which may cause a situation where fishing cannot occur because the bait has floated. In order to eliminate this inconvenience, there is a spanker device, which is a known spanker device, in which a sail column (spanker mast) is erected at the stern end of a small fishing boat and one end is pivotally supported by the sail column. The spanker is stretched through the sail girder, and the bow is directed to the windward as a function and effect ”(paragraph numbers 0002 to 0004 in the detailed description of the invention). Since the ship was swept away by the wind of the tanker, the orientation of the spanker had to be re-adjusted.In this case, with the known spanker device, a rope was installed between the tip of the sail beam and the left and right ends of the stern. However, the position (orientation) of the spanker was adjusted by changing the length of the left and right ropes and turning the sail girder (turning left and right), but it would take time and move around the ship. In view of the problem (paragraph numbers 0005 to 0006 in the detailed description of the invention), “the above problem is solved, and the spanker orientation can be optimally adjusted by simple operation and frequent adjustments can be made. The present invention has been made in order to provide a spanker adjusting device capable of greatly improving workability including the above and a moving rope device for adjusting a spanker as a main component thereof (paragraph number 0007 in the detailed description of the invention). Specifically, Patent Document 1 states that “a spanker device mounted on the stern end of a small fishing boat is a spanker adjusting device in which the orientation of the spanker is variably adjusted by a moving rope operation. A sail girder cantilevered as a shaft, a fixed-length rope, a plurality of pulleys for connecting the rope while changing its direction from the free tip of the sail girder and forming a return path; A moving means having a winding body part that is interposed in the middle of the return path and wound so as to pass the rope, and a length of both ropes between the sail girder and the moving means by rotating the moving means. By reversibly changing the sail girder around the axis and having a steering mechanism for changing and adjusting the orientation of the spanker ”(paragraph number 0008 in the detailed description of the invention) Is disclosed.

  The spanker adjusting device disclosed in this patent document 1 is “Spanker orientation can be optimally adjusted by simple operation, and workability including frequent adjustments can be greatly improved, and maneuvering during drift fishing is extremely efficient. It can be performed well "(paragraph number 0021 in the detailed description of the invention). However, as in the case of a conventional spanker," the vertical between the upper and lower sail girders 3 (31, 32) cantilevered with the sail column 2 as a pivot shaft. Using a spanker formed of cloth or the like, one of the two sides of the spanker that is exposed to wind is positive pressure (this one side) The other surface receives a negative pressure (a force that pulls the other surface), and generates a force (rotational power) for rotating the ship by the positive pressure and the negative pressure. Since this turning force is an important force for directing the ship in a predetermined direction by the wind, it is preferable to generate a large turning force even if the angle at which the ship direction deviates from the predetermined direction is small, Sometimes it is better to have less force (resistance) to push the ship downwind.

JP 2004-25915 A (paragraph numbers 0002 to 0008, 0011, 0021, abstract, FIGS. 1 to 3 etc. in the detailed description of the invention)

  The conventional spanker as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is formed of a cloth, a sheet, or the like, and the one surface that receives positive pressure by the wind has a concave shape, and the other surface that receives negative pressure. The surface is convex. The wind hitting such a spanker forms a large stagnation in the vicinity of the one surface and a large vortex in the vicinity of the other surface. Rotating torque is small. This causes a serious problem that the ship is greatly swept down by the wind even though the action of directing the ship in a given direction by the wind is small.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a hull turning device that has a small resistance force that pushes the ship downwind and has a large turning force for turning the ship by the wind.

The hull turning device of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “this device”) includes a base portion attached to the hull and a main body portion attached to the base portion, and receives wind in a predetermined direction. A hull rotation device for rotating a hull, wherein the main body is formed continuously between a first horizontal plane and a second horizontal plane above the first horizontal plane, in a horizontal section. A hull turning device having a wing portion that is substantially an airfoil having an airfoil center line along a line segment.
In the present invention, “horizontal” means horizontal when the hull is floated on a horizontal surface of water.

The apparatus includes a base portion and a main body portion. The base is attached to the hull, and the main body is attached to the hull (indirectly) by being attached to the base. The main body has a wing portion. The wing portion is formed continuously between the first horizontal plane and the second horizontal plane that exists above the first horizontal plane. The wing portion has a cross-sectional shape that substantially represents an airfoil (symmetric airfoil) having an airfoil center line along the line segment in any horizontal cross section existing between the first horizontal plane and the second horizontal plane. is doing.
In this way, the wing part forming a wing shape (symmetric wing shape) has a small resistance force toward the leeward when it hits the wind, and has a turning force (generated by lift) that rotates the ship according to the angle of attack. Since this device is effectively generated, this device is a hull turning device that has a small turning force that pushes the ship leeward by receiving wind and a large turning force that turns the ship in a predetermined direction by the wind.

The airfoil continuously extends from the leading edge of the airfoil along the airfoil centerline to the trailing edge, and the thickness of the airfoil increases monotonously, and the end of the first part on the trailing edge side extends to the trailing edge. And a second portion in which the blade thickness monotonously decreases (hereinafter referred to as “both partial holding devices”).
As described above, the first portion in which the blade thickness monotonously increases from the leading edge toward the trailing edge and the second portion in which the blade thickness monotonously decreases until the trailing edge is connected to the end of the first portion. Thus, the flow of the wind can be made smooth, the resistance force toward the leeward can be reduced, and the turning force of the ship can be effectively generated.

In the case of both partial holding devices, the leading edge may be formed by a smooth curve (hereinafter referred to as “leading edge curve forming device”).
The front edge of the airfoil along the airfoil centerline (usually mounted in the front-rear direction so that the airfoil centerline faces the bow and stern of the hull, the front edge being closest to the bow) This is the first part to hit, and depending on the shape of the leading edge, the wind flow tends to peel off or be disturbed. For this reason, if the leading edge is formed by a smooth curve (there is no sharp point and can be continuously differentiated), flow separation and turbulence are less likely to occur, the wind flow is smoother, and resistance to the leeward It is possible to effectively generate the turning power of the ship.

In the case of the leading edge curve forming device, the outer surface of the first part may be a part of the circumference of the ellipse or a part of the circumference.
If the outer surface of the first part is approximately part of the circumference of the ellipse or part of the circumference, any of the winds divided into two flows at the leading edge is either part of the circumference of the ellipse or Since it flows smoothly in the direction of the second part along a part of the circumference, it is very difficult to cause separation and turbulence of the flow, the flow of the wind is extremely smooth, and the resistance force toward the leeward is small and the turning power of the ship Can be effectively generated.

In the case of both the part holding devices, the outer surface of the second part may be substantially along a line segment connecting the end part of the first part on the rear edge side and the rear edge.
By doing so, the outer surface of the wing portion corresponding to the second portion can be formed as a substantially flat surface, and thus the main body including the wing portion can be easily formed.

In the case of both the part holding devices, the outer surface of the second part may be substantially along an inwardly curved curve connecting the end part of the first part on the rear edge side and the rear edge.
By doing so, the outer surface of the wing part corresponding to the second part is formed by a curved curve recessed inward, so that the wind flow on the outer surface of the wing part corresponding to the second part and the wind flow on the trailing edge part Therefore, the resistance force toward the leeward can be reduced and the turning power of the ship can be effectively generated.

In the present apparatus, the airfoil may be configured by a line segment or a smooth curve (there is no sharp point and can be continuously differentiated) other than the trailing edge, while the trailing edge is pointed. Good.
By doing so, the outer surface of the wing part smoothes the flow of wind on the outer surface of the wing part and the flow of wind on the rear edge part, and the resistance force toward the leeward is reduced and the turning power of the ship is effective. Can be generated.

In the present apparatus, the front edge may be inclined toward the rear of the hull from the first horizontal plane to the second horizontal plane.
By doing so, the ship can be easily rotated by separating the horizontal distance between the operating point of the turning force of the ship and the rotation center of the ship.

  This device may be manufactured or sold as the device alone, but the device may be attached to the hull at the stage of manufacturing or selling the ship.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a hull 101 (part) to which a hull turning device (this device) 11 of the present invention according to an embodiment is attached. FIG. 2 is an end view showing the AA end face, the BB end face, the CC end face, and the DD end face of FIG. Note that the end face shape of the main body portion 31 described later is substantially similar to any of the end faces AA, BB, CC, and DD in FIG. And in the DD end surface, the base part 21 mentioned later appears actually (in FIG. 2, illustration of the base part 21 is abbreviate | omitted).
The device 11 is roughly fixed to the base portion 21 by inserting a rod-shaped base portion 21 having a lower end fixed in the vicinity of the rear end 103 of the hull 101 floating on the horizontal water surface 201 and an upper end side of the base portion 21. The main body 31 is provided.

  The base portion 21 is composed of a substantially right cylindrical column-shaped member integrally formed of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), and the lower end side thereof is buried in the vicinity of the rear end 103 of the hull 101 and the apparatus 11 is installed. Secure to the hull 101 with sufficient strength. Here, in a state in which the hull 101 floats on the water surface 201 that is a horizontal plane, the longitudinal direction of the base portion 21 (that is, the direction of the axis of the substantially right circular cylinder formed by the base portion 21) is the vertical direction (in FIG. The base portion 21 is attached to the hull 101 so that the arrow F is perpendicular to the water surface 201.

The main body portion 31 is indirectly fixed to the hull 101 by inserting the upper end side of the base portion 21 from the lower end side and fixing it to the base portion 21. The main body 31 is also integrally formed of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP, thickness is about 1.8 mm), like the base portion 21. As shown in FIG. 2, the main body 31 has end faces in any horizontal plane (AA end face, BB end face, CC end face and DD end face are horizontal end faces) as shown in FIG. The airfoil (symmetrical wing, camber is 0) having an airfoil center line along the dotted line G) is substantially omitted. As described above, all of the AA end surface, the BB end surface, the CC end surface, and the DD end surface are substantially similar, but the outer surface 33 of the main body 31 has 4 as shown in FIG. Half ellipse (short axis length (short axis length / major axis length) = 0.25), which is an ellipse having a major axis on the airfoil center line G A portion 33a along the axis (one of which is divided into two) (A portion 33a is a portion indicated by a solid line in FIG. 3 (a)) and is divided into two along the long axis. 33a1 and the other 33a2), a B portion 33b having one end connected to the end of the A portion 33a (one 33a1), and a C portion 33c having one end connected to the end of the A portion 33a (the other 33a2). Have. The leading edge 35 of the wing is formed by the tip of the A portion 33a (the portion where the one 33a1 and the other 33a2 are combined), and the other end of the B portion 33b and the other end of the C portion 33c are combined (pointed). ) Forms the trailing edge 37 of the wing. In this case, the B portion 33b and the C portion 33c are configured by Bezier curves that are recessed inward.
Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the main body 31 has a blade thickness T (here, as it goes from the leading edge 35 to the trailing edge 37 of the airfoil along the airfoil center line G, as shown in FIGS. Is the same as the dimension in the direction perpendicular to the airfoil center line G), and the blade thickness T is monotonously decreased to the trailing edge 37 connected to the end of the A portion 33a on the trailing edge 37 side. A portion 33b and a C portion 33c.

  4A shows the dimensional ratio of the outer surface 33 of the main body 31 in the horizontal end faces (AA end face, BB end face, CC end face, and DD end face). The entire main body 31 is formed as a shape that is appropriately enlarged or reduced in accordance with the length Z of the airfoil center line G. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4B, if the length of the airfoil center line G is Z, the short axis length of the ellipse forming the A portion 33a is Yu, X is half of the long axis length. Since these ratios Z, X, and Yu are maintained at the ratio shown in FIG. 4A, the main body portion is maintained at any horizontal end face so as to maintain the relationship of Z: X: Yu = 80: 24: 12. The shape of the outer surface 33 of 31 is determined. For example, since Z (ZA in FIG. 1) at the AA end face is 45 cm, X = 13.5 cm and Yu = 6.75 cm, and at the BB end face, Z (ZB in FIG. 1). ) = 89 cm, X = 26.7 cm, Yu = 13.35 cm, and both the CC end face and the DD end face are Z (in FIG. 1, ZC = ZD) = 100 cm. X = 30 cm, Yu = 15 cm. FIG. 5 shows dimensions when the main body 31 is viewed from the same direction as in FIG. 1, and the unit of the numbers in FIG. 5 is cm.

  The wing leading edge 35 is positioned in front of the hull 101 (in the direction of arrow K in FIG. 1) as it goes downward, and is positioned rearward of the hull 101 (in the direction of arrow M in FIG. 1) as it goes upward. The leading edge 35 of the wing is inclined. Here, the leading edge 35 of the wing is substantially along the line segment, and the angle P with respect to the vertical direction (arrow F in FIG. 1) is about 22 degrees. The angle P is usually 0 degree or more and 70 degrees or less, preferably 5 degrees or more, more preferably 10 degrees or more, most preferably 15 degrees or more, preferably 45 degrees or less, more preferably 40 degrees or less, most preferably 35 degrees or less. Further, here, the apparatus 11 is attached to the hull 101 so that the airfoil center line G substantially coincides with the front and rear directions (arrow K and arrow M in FIG. 1) of the hull 101.

A method of using the apparatus 11 described above will be briefly described. As shown in FIG. 1, when a ship having the apparatus 11 attached near the rear end 103 of the hull 101 floating on the water surface 201 receives a wind near the water surface 201, the bow (not shown) faces upward. The hull 101 rotates (so that the front of the hull 101 (arrow K in FIG. 1) faces upwind).
FIG. 6 is a view for explaining the function (showing the same cross section as FIG. 2, for example, AA end face, BB end face, CC end face and DD end face), but not shown. The bow exists in the direction of arrow N in FIG. 6 in which the airfoil center line G extends in the direction of the leading edge 35 of the wing. At this time, if the wind W1 blows from the direction of the arrow N in which the airfoil center line G extends in the direction of the blade leading edge 35, a small force (downwind) in the direction opposite to the arrow N due to the resistance (friction) between the wind W1 and the device 11 The hull 101 only receives the resistance force that pushes the ship in, and no force to rotate the hull 101 is generated.

However, if the wind W2 blows from a direction different from the direction of the arrow N extending the airfoil center line G in the direction of the blade leading edge 35, a force S2 is exerted on the main body 31 by the action of the outer surface 33 of the main body 31 and the wind W2. Will be added. This force S2 acts to turn the hull 101 counterclockwise in the plane of FIG. 6, so that the bow (not shown) faces upwind (in front of the hull 101 (arrow K in FIG. 1). 6) Rotate the hull 101 (turn the ship in a direction that reduces the angle of attack).
Similarly, when the wind W3 blows, a force S3 is applied to the main body 31 due to the action of the outer surface 33 of the main body 31 and the wind W3. This force S3 acts to rotate the hull 101 clockwise in the plane of FIG. 6, so that the bow (not shown) faces upwind (in front of the hull 101 (arrow K in FIG. 1, 6) Rotate the hull 101 (turn the ship in a direction that reduces the angle of attack).
As described above, when the device 11 receives wind in the vicinity of the water surface 201, the bow (not shown) faces upwind (in front of the hull 101 (arrow K in FIG. 1, arrow K in FIG. 6). Always rotate the hull 101 so that N) faces upwind (turn the ship in a direction that reduces the angle of attack). For this reason, the hull 101 to which the present apparatus 11 is attached reduces the projected area from the windward side by reducing the bow toward the windward, and reduces the flow of the windward (if the windwardly, the engine power Therefore, the position of the hull 101 needs to be corrected.) The influence of wind is reduced. The hull 101 to which the present apparatus 11 is attached is suitable for so-called “drift fishing”.

This device 11 as described above includes a base portion 21 attached to the hull 101 and a main body portion 31 attached to the base portion 21, and receives a wind in a predetermined direction (a direction in which an angle of attack is reduced). A hull turning device for turning the hull 101, wherein the main body 31 includes a first horizontal plane (here, for example, a DD end face) and a second horizontal plane above the first horizontal plane. (Here, for example, the A-A end face) and is continuously formed along the line segment G in the horizontal section (for example, in any horizontal section from the DD end face to the A-A end face). A hull turning device having a wing portion (here, the main body 31 as a whole) having an airfoil having an airfoil centerline (here, a symmetric airfoil which is symmetric with respect to the airfoil centerline) It is.
A first portion (a portion corresponding to the A portion 33a) in which the thickness of the airfoil monotonously increases from the airfoil leading edge 35 to the trailing edge 37 along the airfoil center line G, and the rear A second portion (a portion corresponding to the B portion 33b and the C portion 33c) that is connected to the end of the first portion on the edge 37 side (portion corresponding to the A portion 33a) and the blade thickness monotonously decreases to the trailing edge 37; Is included.
In addition, the leading edge 35 is formed by a smooth curve.
The outer surface of the first part (the part corresponding to the A part 33a) is a part of the circumference of the ellipse.
The outer surface of the second portion (the portion corresponding to the B portion 33b and the C portion 33c) connects the end portion of the first portion (the portion corresponding to the A portion 33a) on the rear edge 37 side to the rear edge 37. The end portion of the first portion (corresponding to the A portion 33a) on the rear edge 37 side is substantially along an inwardly curved curve (here, a Bezier curve). It may be substantially along a line segment connecting the trailing edge 37 and the rear edge 37.
Further, the airfoil has a sharp edge at the trailing edge 37 and a smooth curve other than the trailing edge 37.
The front edge 35 is inclined toward the rear of the hull 101 (in the direction of arrow M in FIG. 1) from the first horizontal plane to the second horizontal plane.
FIG. 1 shows a part of a ship in which the device 11 is attached to the hull 101.

Such a device 11 does not need to be expanded or stored unlike a conventional spanker as disclosed in Patent Document 1, and can be always attached to the hull 101. The fact that the device 11 does not need to be deployed or stored does not require the necessary mechanism, and does not require maintenance and inspection related to these mechanisms.
And the wing | blade part which has a cross-sectional shape which makes an airfoil (symmetric wing | blade shape) substantially has a small resistance force which pushes a ship downwind, and when it receives a wind, lift (force S2, force S3 in FIG. 6) is large. Therefore, even if the angle of attack is small, the bow can be directed smoothly and quickly to the windward. The wing portion of the device 11 generates a positive pressure on the windward surface and also generates a negative pressure on the leeward surface effectively while preventing or reducing the separation of the wind flow. The resistance force is small and the rotational force (generated based on the positive pressure on the leeward surface and the negative pressure on the leeward surface) is large. On the other hand, the conventional spanker is in a state where the wind flow is vortexed and the flow is separated and disturbed on the leeward surface, and it is not possible to effectively generate negative pressure that generates rotational force. The state increases resistance.
In addition, as described above, the base portion 21 and the main body portion 31 are both formed of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), but it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited thereto. Aluminum or duralumin It is also possible to use a metal material such as a cloth, a resin material or the like. Moreover, if FRP, a metal material, and a resin material are used, it can also be set as a high weather resistance and a high ultraviolet-ray resistance rather than the canvas which formed the conventional spanker.
Considering the resistance force when the turning force that directs the bow to the windward is the same, the resistance force generated by the device 11 is extremely small (for example, less than a quarter) compared to the resistance force generated by the conventional spanker. It is considered to be.
Increasing the blade thickness of the main body portion 31 corresponding to the A portion 33a in this way prevents the flow from separating from the outer surface 33 even if wind sway (change in direction with respect to the airfoil center line G) occurs. Or it can be reduced. The reason why the entire curve is deep (decreasing the curvature radius of the curve) is to obtain a large lift even when the wind speed is low. In addition, the fact that the A portion 33a is along the quarter ellipse as described above reduces blade tip vortices that generate induction resistance while securing the blade area.

It is a front view which shows the hull (part) to which the hull rotation apparatus (this apparatus) of this invention of an example was attached. FIG. 2 is an end view showing an AA end face, a BB end face, a CC end face, and a DD end face in FIG. 1. It is a figure which shows the outer surface of a main-body part. It is a figure which shows the dimension of the outer surface of a main-body part. It is a figure which shows the dimension of a main-body part. It is a figure explaining the effect | action of this apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 This apparatus 21 Base part 31 Main-body part 33 Outer surface 33a A part 33a1 One 33a2 The other 33b B part 33c C part 35 Front edge 37 Rear edge 101 Hull 103 Rear end 201 Water surface

Claims (9)

A hull rotating device for receiving wind and rotating the hull in a predetermined direction, comprising a base portion attached to the hull, and a main body portion attached to the base portion,
The main body is formed continuously between a first horizontal plane and a second horizontal plane above the first horizontal plane, and has an airfoil having an airfoil centerline along a line segment in a horizontal section. A hull turning device having a wing portion.     The airfoil continuously extends from the leading edge of the airfoil along the airfoil centerline to the trailing edge, and the thickness of the airfoil increases monotonously, and the end of the first part on the trailing edge side extends to the trailing edge. The hull rotating device according to claim 1, comprising: a second portion whose wing thickness monotonously decreases.     The hull turning device according to claim 2, wherein the front edge is formed by a smooth curve.     The hull turning device according to claim 3, wherein the outer surface of the first portion is a part of the circumference of the ellipse or a part of the circumference.     The hull rotation according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein an outer surface of the second portion is substantially along a line segment connecting the end portion of the first portion on the rear edge side and the rear edge. apparatus.     5. The outer surface of the second portion is substantially along an inwardly curved curve connecting the end portion of the first portion on the rear edge side and the rear edge. 6. Hull turning device.     The hull turning device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the airfoil is configured by a line segment or a smooth curve except that the trailing edge is sharp.     The hull turning device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the front edge is inclined toward the rear of the hull from the first horizontal plane to the second horizontal plane.     A ship in which the hull turning device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is attached to the hull.

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